WO2007102798A1 - Inflatable decontamination system - Google Patents
Inflatable decontamination system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007102798A1 WO2007102798A1 PCT/US2006/000781 US2006000781W WO2007102798A1 WO 2007102798 A1 WO2007102798 A1 WO 2007102798A1 US 2006000781 W US2006000781 W US 2006000781W WO 2007102798 A1 WO2007102798 A1 WO 2007102798A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- enclosure
- further characterized
- interior space
- decontaminant
- decontamination system
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
- A61L2/208—Hydrogen peroxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
- E04H1/1277—Shelters for decontamination
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
- E04H15/22—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure supported by air pressure inside the tent
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/20—Targets to be treated
- A61L2202/24—Medical instruments, e.g. endoscopes, catheters, sharps
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
- E04H2015/201—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable tubular framework, with or without tent cover
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
- E04H2015/202—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework
- E04H2015/204—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework made from contiguous inflatable tubes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of environmental decontamination. It finds particular application in conjunction with a portable enclosure for microbial, biological or chemical decontamination of large pieces of equipment, and will be described with particular reference thereto. It should be appreciated, however, that the invention is also applicable to the decontamination, treatment, or isolation of other items, both large and small.
- an enclosure assembly includes a framework formed from structural members and a flexible transparent enclosure which provides an enclosed space for isolation and or treatment of patients, equipment, and the like.
- a treatment material such as hydrogen peroxide or other gaseous or vapor sterilant, may be fed to the enclosure to microbially decontaminate or otherwise treat the equipment.
- the enclosure is quickly assembled and disassembled after use, making it suitable for treatment of large pieces of equipment which are not readily moved or which are too large to be accommodated conventional sterilization equipment.
- the system of Karle is suited to smaller enclosures where the height of the framework makes assembly feasible.
- the present invention provides a new and improved portable environmental enclosure and method of use which overcome the above-referenced problems and others.
- a decontamination system for decontaminating an item includes an enclosure comprising an inflatable structure which, when inflated, defines an interior space for receiving the item to be decontaminated.
- a source of a decontaminant is fluidly connected with the interior space. The source supplies the decontaminant to the interior space for decontaminating the item.
- a method of decontaminating an item includes inflating inflatable structural elements to form an enclosure with an interior space to hold the enclosure erect and transporting an item into the interior space.
- the item is sealed in the enclosure and a gaseous decontaminant is introduced to the interior space to decontaminate the item.
- One advantage of at least one embodiment is that the decontamination system is readily transported to a site at or close to the location at which contamination has occurred or is recognized.
- Another advantage of at least one embodiment is that the system is employed operational in a short period of time.
- Another advantage of at least one embodiment is that the system can be stored, when not in use, in a small volume.
- Another advantage of at least one embodiment is that the passages which form the enclosure are heated by inflation air, reducing condensation of the decontaminant between the decontaminant source and the enclosure interior.
- Another advantage of at least one embodiment is that the enclosure is temperature controlled on all sides.
- FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a decontamination system according to the present invention.
- FIGURE 2 is a top plan view of the decontamination system of FIGURE 1 ;
- FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of the decontamination system of FIGURE 1 with the front doors open;
- FIGURE 4 is a cross sectional view of the enclosure.
- FIGURE 5 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of a side wall of the enclosure of FIGURE 1.
- a portable decontamination system A includes a portable enclosure 10 which is suitable for temporarily isolating and decontaminating large items.
- the enclosure 10 is readily erected when needed for isolation of a contaminated or potentially contaminated item from the surrounding environment and for subsequently decontaminating the item with a gaseous or liquid decontaminant.
- the gaseous decontaminant may be in the form of a gas, vapor, mist, aerosol, or fog.
- Suitable gaseous decontaminants include oxidizing agents, in particular, peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone, or a combination of hydrogen peroxide with a co-agent, such as ammonia or UV radiation.
- gaseous decontaminants include high temperature air and other gaseous decontaminants which are capable of destroying, inactivating, or otherwise rendering the contaminant less harmful. While particular reference is made to vapor hydrogen peroxide, it will be appreciated that other gaseous decontaminants and combinations of decontaminants are also contemplated.
- decontamination encompasses microbial decontamination — the destruction or inactivation of biological contaminants, including living microorganisms and harmful replicating biological substances, such as prions.
- chemical decontamination the destruction or inactivation of chemical agents which are harmful to humans at low levels (e.g., below about 10 ppm.), such as chemical warfare agents. It is not intended to encompass solely the physical removal of such contaminants, without destruction or inactivation, as in a cleaning process, although a decontamination process may also effect cleaning.
- a "decontaminant,” as used herein, is a substance which is capable of effecting decontamination.
- the enclosure 10 is configured for performing decontamination processes, particularly chemical and microbial decontamination processes, such as sterilization or lesser forms of decontamination, including disinfection and sanitization.
- Items which can be isolated and decontaminated in the enclosure 10 include motorized passenger and goods transport vehicles, such as ambulances, cars, trucks, buses, and other road vehicles, military vehicles, such as tanks and personnel and munitions carriers, aircraft, food and beverage processing equipment, such as cooking, processing, chilling, slicing, packaging and bottling equipment, and pharmaceutical equipment.
- Other equipment can also be treated, such as medical and veterinary equipment contaminated with body fluids or other sources of microorganisms, including beds, chairs, washing facilities, and the like.
- Pharmaceutical processing equipment, mail-handling equipment, and other equipment may be isolated and treated.
- the item is typically one which is known or suspected of being contaminated with a chemical or biological contaminant which is harmful to humans, such as chemical warfare agents, biological warfare agents, and naturally occurring chemical and biological contaminants.
- a chemical or biological contaminant which is harmful to humans, such as chemical warfare agents, biological warfare agents, and naturally occurring chemical and biological contaminants.
- the item is readily isolated and treated without moving the item to a permanent, purpose-built isolation unit, reducing the chance that harmful microorganisms or other contaminants will be spread around a facility. Additionally, some equipment which is too heavy or too large for convenient movement can be cleaned in place.
- the enclosure 10 includes a flexible inflatable structure 12.
- an inflation fluid such as air
- the inflated structure 12 provides a rigid freestanding walled enclosure.
- the structure 12 is self-supporting, without the need for a framework of support members formed from a rigid material, although such a framework may be employed if desired.
- the inflatable structure 12 includes a plurality of inflatable walls 14, 16, 18. While the enclosure 10 is illustrated with an inflatable rear wall 14 and inflatable sidewalls 16, 18 which extend and arch upwardly to form a roof 20 of the structure 12 (FIGURE 1), it will be understood that any number of walls may be employed as long as the enclosure is inflatable for its desired purpose.
- the walls 14, 16, 18 or potions of the walls may include non- inflatable portions.
- the rear wall 14 may alternatively be formed of a single or double layer.
- the walls 14, 16, 18 define an inflatable support structure formed by a set of tubular members or other suitably shaped structural elements 21 which define interconnected inflation passages 22. Once inflated, and tied or otherwise anchored down, as necessary, the enclosure is capable of withstanding wind speeds of up to about 100 miles/hr.
- the enclosure 10 optionally includes a floor 24, suitable for positioning on a support surface 26. In one embodiment, the floor is thermally insulated to facilitate accurate temperature control.
- the support structure 12 is taped or otherwise sealed to the support surface 26 and has cross structures, as necessary to help maintain the base of the walls in the proper location.
- the enclosure 10 is light weight and, prior to inflation, can be stored in a valise 28 of suitable size.
- an interior space 30 within the enclosure 10 can be sealed from the surrounding atmosphere to create a substantially airtight isolation chamber for carrying out a decontamination process.
- the floor 24 of the enclosure is sealed to the walls adjacent a lower end thereof.
- the rear wall 14 is sealed, around its perimeter, to the adjacent side walls 16, 18.
- An access opening 32, at an end of the enclosure opposite the rear wall 14 is sealed, during decontamination, by a closure comprising an interior door 34 and an exterior door 36 which define an antechamber 38 therebetween.
- the doors 34, 36 each comprise a set of closure members in the form of flexible panels 40, 42, 44 (FIGURE 1), which may be formed from the same material as the inflatable structure 12.
- Suitable fastening members 46 include hook and loop tape (e.g., ChicoTM hook and loop tape, available from Stretchline (Textiles) Ltd, Tetbury, Gos., UK, or VelcroTM tape).
- Other suitable fastening members include zippers, and Ziploc® types of closure.
- ChicoTM hook and loop tape for example, is a fire retardant tape formed from 100% nylon. It has a cushioning effect which both insulates and reduces vibrations and, when firmly closed, acts as an effective dust filter and, in one embodiment, is snow and sand proof.
- the exterior door has a center panel 40, which includes a transparent portion 48 for providing a window to the interior space 30.
- the center panel 40 may be rolled upward, from the floor, and held by tapes or ties 50 attached to a fixed panel 52 (FIGURE 3) for access to the interior 30.
- Two side panels 42, 44, are also drawn aside and held by suitably positioned tapes or straps 54 attached to the inflatable structure 12.
- the interior door 34 can be similarly constructed.
- an inflation system 60 is connected with the interconnected inflation passages 22 prior to inflation.
- the inflation system 60 includes a compressor 62 or other suitable air blower which pressurizes atmospheric air. Suitable blowers are electrically operated pumps, although a manually operated pump is alternatively used.
- the inflation system optionally also includes heating and/or cooling equipment 64 for heating/cooling the air prior to entering the passages 22.
- the compressor 62 may have two or more operating speeds to provide low and high air flow rates. The high flow rate is used for initially inflating the structure 12 and a lower rate is used for sustaining the inflation structure.
- the temperature controlled air enters the passages 22 and provides a temperature adjustable air blanket around the interior space 30, which enables the appropriate temperature for effective decontamination to be maintained within the interior space.
- a suitable temperature is one which eliminates or minimizes condensation of the hydrogen peroxide vapor on the walls of the enclosure or on items to be decontaminated and is generally above that of the surrounding exterior environment.
- a switch (not shown) or the like is optionally provided on the pump 62, which enables a user to change the pump from an inflation mode to a deflation mode.
- the inflation system 60 typically operates at about 1-300 m 3 /min.
- the enclosure can be erected in a relatively short period of time, typically in under about an hour. For larger enclosures, a plurality of blowers can be employed to increase the rate of inflation.
- the inflation' system 60 is connected with the interior 30 via an inlet port 70 of the inflatable enclosure.
- a thermally insulated air conduit 72 extends between the inflation system and the wall 18 of the enclosure.
- the end of the air conduit is fitted with a suitable coupling member 74 for quickly coupling with a corresponding coupling member 76 extending from the inlet port 70.
- a permanent connection may be provided between the conduit 72 and the wall inlet port 70.
- the inflation system 60 optionally also supplies fresh air to the antechamber 38 via an inlet or inlets 78. The air may be heated or cooled as for the air in the passages, thus ensuring a temperature controlled environment on all sides of the enclosure 10.
- the walls 14, 16, 18 and roof 20 of the enclosure are formed from inner and outer panels 80, 82 of flexible material, which are arranged generally parallel to one another.
- the panels 80, 82 are connected to each other by vertically extending connecting members 84, which may be formed from the same material.
- the inner and outer layers and connecting members form the tubular members which define the through passages 22.
- the walls 14, 16, 18 may be vertical or slope generally inward, towards their upper ends, adjacent the roof portion 20, as illustrated in FIGUREl.
- the passages 22 which define the side walls 16, 18 and roof portion 20 thus extend generally vertically from the floor 24 to form the first side wall 16, span the roof portion 20, and continue down the other wall 18 to the floor.
- the connecting members 84 define apertures 86, which enable the air to flow throughout the passages and equalize the pressure.
- An outlet check valve 88 in the outer panel 82 of the wall 16 opposite to the inlet allows the release of excess pressure above a preselected maximum pressure and allows the passages to be continuously or intermittently replenished with heated or cooled air, if desired.
- each panel 40, 42, 44, 80, 82 are sealed together at their edges to provide an airtight, or substantially airtight interior space 30. It will be appreciated that each panel may be formed from two or more separate panels which are sealed together at their respective edges. ' By substantially airtight it is meant that if air at a pressure equivalent to about 3.8 cm of water is supplied to the enclosure and allowed to equilibrate for 2 minutes, and then the air pressure supply is disconnected, the pressure within the enclosure after a further 5 minutes is at least about 2 cm of water, in one embodiment, at least about 2.5 cm of water.
- the enclosure may be leak tested, prior to use, to check that the enclosure is substantially airtight, for example, by pressurizing the enclosure to about 1.5 cm water, equilibrating for 1 minute, and testing to ensure that an acceptable pressure level is maintained, such as a pressure of 1.0 cm water after 2 minutes.
- the floor 24 of the enclosure is optionally heated for heating the interior space 30.
- the floor comprises lower and upper layers of flexible material 90, 92.
- a flexible resistance heating element 94 or other heat source is located in a gap 96 between the two layers.
- the floor 24 comprises sections, each section having its own associated heat source.
- a mobile source 100 of gaseous decontaminant supplies a gaseous decontaminant to the interior space 30.
- the source 100 is located exterior to the enclosure, although it is contemplated that the source is alternatively transported into the interior, prior to decontamination.
- a suitable source 100 for supplying vapor hydrogen peroxide includes a source 102 of liquid hydrogen peroxide in solution, such as a reservoir of aqueous hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of about 20-40% by weight hydrogen peroxide.
- the hydrogen peroxide liquid is fed by a pump 104 to a vaporizer 106, where the hydrogen peroxide and water components are vaporized on a heated surface (not shown).
- the vapor is carried in a carrier gas, such as air or other flow medium, supplied by a source of carrier gas 108, such as a blower or pressurized reservoir.
- a source of carrier gas 108 such as a blower or pressurized reservoir.
- the blower 108 may operate at about 1-300 m 3 /min.
- a plurality of mobile sources 100 may be employed.
- the air is optionally dehumidified in a dehumidifier 110 and heated by a heater 112 prior to combining with the hydrogen peroxide vapor.
- One suitable mobile source 100 of sterilant is a STERIS VHP 1000TM hydrogen peroxide vapor generator.
- Other suitable vaporizers are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,734,405 to Centanni, et al., and U.S. Published Application No.
- gaseous decontaminant is generated in situ, within the enclosure or is supplied from a pressurized container (as in the case, for example, of ozone).
- the vaporizer 106 " is connected by one or more thermally insulated supply conduits 114 which pass through corresponding access ports 116 in the enclosure wall 16, 18 and are carried within or through the passages 22 to the interior 30.
- the conduits 114 may branch to provide a gaseous decontamination distribution network 118.
- the ports 116 are sealed around the conduits to reduce leakage.
- the conduit(s) 114 and network 118 may be selectively connectable by releasable connection members, as for the air supply conduit 72.
- the distribution network 118 includes a plurality of flexible conduits 120, which can be collapsible.
- the conduits 120 transport the gaseous decontaminant to a plurality of decontaminant supply inlets 122 in the form of vents or nozzles spaced around the interior 30.
- the heated air within the passages 22 assists in preventing or limiting condensation of hydrogen peroxide or other vapor decontaminant between the source 100 and the nozzles 122.
- the nozzles 122 feed the gaseous decontaminant into the interior space 30.
- the nozzles may be directional to assist in circulating the decontaminant.
- One or more fans 124 or other circulation devices optionally assist in distributing the gaseous decontaminant throughout the interior.
- the conduits 120 can be built into the passages 22, in which case they may fold flat, or be held in place, within the interior, by suitably positioned clips or ties 126.
- flexible hoses 128 communicate between the vaporizer and the interior 30 through selectively operable ports 130 formed in the interior and exterior panels 80, 82 as best shown in FIGURE 5.
- the flexible hoses 128, which can be routed into the poorly accessible areas, for example, through windows of a vehicle to be decontaminated.
- the ports 130 are covered, when not in use by closures 132 such as flexible flaps formed from ChicoTM or VelcroTM hook and loop tape or other suitable sealing members.
- closures 132 such as flexible flaps formed from ChicoTM or VelcroTM hook and loop tape or other suitable sealing members.
- the flexible hoses 128 are fed through the sidewall 16, 18, when needed, so that they extend between the interior and exterior.
- the ports 130 are configured to grip the hoses tightly, minimizing leakage from the interior 30. Additional sealing material, such as duct tape is optionally used to assist in sealing around the hoses 128 at the ports 130. Alternatively, distribution tubes built into passages 22 terminate at operable/sealable connection ports along the interior.
- sensors 140 within the enclosure detect one or more parameters of the interior space 30, such as temperature, humidity, concentration of decontaminant (e.g., hydrogen peroxide concentration), concentration of a contaminant (e.g., anthrax spores or a chemical warfare agent), concentration of a product of a reaction of a contaminant with the decontaminant (such as the product of a reaction of a chemical warfare agent with hydrogen peroxide), and the like.
- concentration of decontaminant e.g., hydrogen peroxide concentration
- concentration of a contaminant e.g., anthrax spores or a chemical warfare agent
- concentration of a product of a reaction of a contaminant with the decontaminant such as the product of a reaction of a chemical warfare agent with hydrogen peroxide
- the sensors are hung from suitably positioned hangars or straps 142 mounted to the interior panels 80 and communicate with a monitoring and control system 144, such as a microprocessor, located exterior to the enclosure 10 by suitable optical or electrical connectors 146.
- Biological and/or chemical indicators 148 are optionally located within the enclosure and examined, after the decontamination process. Suitable biological indicators include a population of spores or other hard to kill microorganisms. The presence of residual live spores, after decontamination, is an indication that the decontamination process was inadequate. Suitable chemical indicators exhibit a visual or otherwise detectable change in response to a preselected minimum concentration of the decontaminant.
- the monitoring and control system 144 includes a monitoring function 150 which records inputs from the sensors and determines/stores values of the sensed parameters.
- the system 144 also includes a control function 152 which provides feedback control to the source 100 of decontaminant in response to the sensed parameters.
- the control function 152 uses the information provided by the monitoring function 150 to control variables, such as the rate of hydrogen peroxide vaporization, the carrier gas flow rate, the carrier gas temperature, the inflation gas temperature and flow rate, power to the heater 94, and other operating parameters in order to maintain desired conditions for decontamination within the enclosure.
- the control function 152 instructs the source 100 of decontaminant to increase or lower the rate of production of hydrogen peroxide.
- the control function 152 provides feedback control to other components of the system. For example if the temperature within the enclosure is outside a preselected range, the control function 152 instructs the heater 64 to adjust the temperature of air entering the passages, its introduction rate, or instructs the floor heater 94 to adjust the temperature of the floor to bring the temperature to within the preselected range.
- the system components can be adjusted to maintain a hydrogen peroxide concentration within the interior space 30 within a preselected range, such as from about 0.1-5 mg/L (72- 3600ppm), e.g., from 0.1-2.0 mg/L and avoid saturation concentrations being reached.
- the hydrogen peroxide concentration is at least about 0.7 mg/L (400+ppm).
- a temperature in the interior space 30 of about 15-120°C may be used, e.g., at least 25°C.
- the vapor hydrogen peroxide concentration is selected to be below the saturation point, which is a function of the temperature in the interior space 30.
- the spent vapor, mixed with air from the interior 30, optionally exits the enclosure 10 through an outlet conduit 154 connected with an outlet port 156 and is advantageously transported to a catalytic converter 158 or other destroyer before being released to the atmosphere.
- a filter system 160 in the outlet conduit removes traces of residual contaminants in the exiting air.
- the filter system 160 includes a HEPA filter which traps microorganisms.
- a chemical filter is optionally included which removes certain harmful chemical agents.
- a pump 162 is used, in the illustrated embodiment,, to actively withdrawn the spent vapor.
- One or more outlet vents 164 are located in the wall of the antechamber 38 and are connected with the outlet conduit 154 by suitable flexible hoses 165 for withdrawing air from the antechamber.
- all or a portion of the vapor is recirculated through the vaporizer via a return line 166, optionally after passing through a catalytic converter
- Hydrogen peroxide is a particularly effective decontaminant for many airborne microorganisms and other toxic materials including chemical and biological warfare agents.
- organosulfur agents such as mustard gas (H, HD, HS)
- G-series nerve agents organophosphate nerve agents
- G-series nerve agents such as tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD), and cyclosarin (GF)
- V-series nerve agents such as VX, VE, VG, VM and V-gas, particularly when used in combination with ammonia in a ratio of hydrogen peroxide: ammonia of between 1 :1 and 1:0.0001.
- the decontaminant reduces the population of live microorganisms or concentration by weight of the harmful chemical agent to less than 1% of the original value and in one embodiment, reduces the contaminant to undetectable levels.
- Ozone has also been found to neutralize most known biological and chemical contaminants. Chemical and biological contaminants may also be treated with another decontaminant, such as UV radiation, or the like.
- a slight negative pressure can be applied to the interior 30 of the enclosure to speed up the introduction and dispersal of the vapor.
- the enclosure 10 is capable of maintaining an interior pressure which is slightly above atmospheric pressure or slightly below atmospheric pressure. Below atmospheric pressures are preferred when it is desirable to minimize any leakage of airborne contaminants from the enclosure. In one embodiment, for vapor hydrogen peroxide decontamination, the enclosure is able to withstand approximately three times a normal operating pressure of 2-5 cm of water to provide a margin of safety.
- the enclosure 10 is formed from a flexible sheet material, which is airtight and water resistant, such as vinyl or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is also resistant to chemical decontaminants, such as hydrogen peroxide.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- One suitable material is sold under the tradename V3F Polytarp, and is a woven polyester fabric of 77g/m 2 weight which is laminated on both sides with flexible PVC, yielding a material of about 580 g/m 2 . This material is resistant to cracking to temperatures of about -25 0 C and above.
- the enclosure can thus be used for decontamination in indoor or outdoor variable temperatures between about -50 and +50°C.
- portions of the walls 14, 16, 18 are transparent to provide operators outside the enclosure with a view of what is taking place inside.
- windows 170 are formed in the walls by forming midportions 172, 174, 176 of the inner and outer panels 80, 82 and connecting members 84 from panels of a transparent material, such as a clear PVC sheeting.
- a transparent material such as a clear PVC sheeting.
- One suitable PVC sheet material has a thickness of 0.5 mm and a weight of 646 g/m is sold under the tradename VelbexTM by Wardle Storeys Ltd., Earby, Colne, Lancashire, UK.
- Seams between the various sheeting panels can be double lapped and sewn, adhesively joined, thermally fused together, or the like.
- the interior panels 80 of the walls may be coated with an antifungal, UV stabilized, water repellant coating.
- the water repellant ingredients resist condensation of the vapor on the walls of the enclosure, while the antifungal components inhibit the growth of fungus on the enclosure during storage.
- the size of the enclosure 10 is variable, depending on the size of the item to be decontaminated.
- the interior volume can be from about 20m 3 to about 10,000m 3 .
- the interior may define a volume of about 1 Om x 8m x 4m.
- the enclosure may be significantly larger.
- the structure 12 may not be fully self supporting, in which case, an interior or exterior frame (not shown) of metal poles or the like is constructed and the enclosure supported thereon.
- the enclosure 10 is optionally adapted to facilitate treatment of an item in other ways.
- a liquid conduit 180 is optionally connected with one or more spray nozzles 182 within the interior space 30 for washing or otherwise treating the item to remove solid contaminants which are removable with water, detergents, liquid decontaminants, or combinations thereof.
- a drain 184 is formed in the floor and the enclosure positioned to allow the used liquid and associated dirt and contaminants to flow into a sump 186 formed in the support surface. The fluids collected in the sump are ooptionally bagged and disposed of by a hazardous waste treatment facility or otherwise treated appropriately to remove contaminants.
- the enclosure 10 is particularly suited to treatment of vehicles and items which can be transported on a vehicle, for example on a wheeled cart or conveyor, into the enclosure.
- a typical decontamination proceeds as follows.
- a contaminating event such as a release of chemical or biological warfare agents, occurs and is communicated to an operator who transports the deflated enclosure 10 and all or a portion of the associated equipment 60, 100, 158, 160, etc. to a site at which decontamination of contaminated or potentially contaminated items which were exposed to the contaminating event is to take place.
- the enclosure 10, vapor generator 100, blower 60, and the like are loaded onto a truck and transported to an indoor or outdoor site or facility at or close to the location of the contaminating event. This minimizes the risk of spreading of contamination.
- the enclosure 10 is removed from its valise 28 and spread out, ready for inflation.
- the blower 60 is connected to the port 70 and inflation is commenced, optionally also with heating/cooling of the air and/or floor.
- the vehicle, or other item(s) to be decontaminated is transported into the enclosure by personnel dressed in hazard material protective clothing. Doors, windows, etc. of the vehicle are opened to allow access to the decontaminant.
- Sensors 140 and chemical /biological indications 148 are suspended from the enclosure or otherwise located within the interior space 30. Ends of the flexible tubes 120, 128 are pushed through their respective ports, for example, from the interior to the exterior, and connected with the decontaminant source 100.
- the flexible tubes 128 are positioned so that their outlets are located in less accessible parts of the vehicle while tubes 120 are suspended from clips 126.
- the inner and outer doors 34, 36 of the enclosure are closed and the hook and loop tapes 46 sealed together, prior to beginning introduction of the gaseous decontaminant.
- the pressure in the interior space 30 may be reduced to slightly below atmospheric pressure, to minimize leakage of contaminants and to speed introduction of the decontaminant.
- gaseous decontaminant is introduced to the interior space 30 to achieve a concentration which is sufficient to ensure decontamination of the item to an acceptable level within a preselected period of time, such as from a few minutes to several days.
- a concentration of about 400-1000 ppm at a temperature of 20-50°C is generally sufficient to reduce microbial contamination by a 6 log reduction (i.e., a population of 10 6 spores is reduced to 1 or less) in under about two hours, and generally in about 30 minutes or less. Similar concentrations, and temperatures may be used for destroying chemical agents or reducing their activity, to a level at which they are not considered hazardous. Longer times may be needed, however.
- the interior space 30 is aerated, for example, by switching off the vaporizer 106 and introducing dehumidified, exterior air with the blower 108 while withdrawing air from one or more vents 156.
- vents 188 in the inflation passages 22 release air into the enclosure.
- the vents 188 may be closed, when not in use, by flaps covered with ChicoTM or VelcroTM hook and loop tape, in a similar manner to the vents 132.
- the hook and loop tape may be temporarily attached by hook and loop tape to corresponding hook and loop fabric attached to the inner wall 80.
- a mesh screen 190 covers the vent and allows air to pass freely through. The aeration is continued until the decontaminant concentration within the enclosure is low enough for operators to reenter. In the case of hydrogen peroxide, a safe level is considered to be about lppm, or less.
- the aeration phase may last several hours, or longer.
- the vehicle or other decontaminated item may be subjected to tests for residual contaminant before it is returned to service. Or, if appropriate, the item may be disposed of.
- the inflatable enclosure 10 may be deflated and repackaged in a carrying bag 28 for a subsequent reuse.
- the enclosure Prior to repackaging, the enclosure is optionally subjected to a suitable decontamination process, such as a gaseous decontamination process, for example with hydrogen peroxide vapor.
- a suitable decontamination process such as a gaseous decontamination process, for example with hydrogen peroxide vapor.
- a decontamination process may be used to decontaminate both outer and interior surfaces of the enclosure.
- the enclosure is used one time and then disposed of, using an appropriate safe disposal method.
- a plurality of items may be decontaminated simultaneously within the enclosure.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2006339489A AU2006339489A1 (en) | 2005-01-12 | 2006-01-11 | Integrated decontamination system |
JP2008500702A JP2008526466A (en) | 2005-01-12 | 2006-01-11 | Integrated decontamination system |
CA002617529A CA2617529A1 (en) | 2005-01-12 | 2006-01-11 | Inflatable decontamination system |
EP06748158A EP1858559A2 (en) | 2005-03-12 | 2006-03-10 | Inflatable decontamination system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US3407305A | 2005-01-12 | 2005-01-12 | |
US11/034,073 | 2005-01-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007102798A1 true WO2007102798A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
Family
ID=38476097
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2006/000781 WO2007102798A1 (en) | 2005-01-12 | 2006-01-11 | Inflatable decontamination system |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2008526466A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20070115885A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101287504A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006339489A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2617529A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW200640511A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007102798A1 (en) |
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WO2012025453A1 (en) | 2010-08-22 | 2012-03-01 | Sperian Protection Clothing | Confinement airlock |
FR2975009A1 (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-16 | Philippe Henriot | DEVICE FOR DECONTAMINATING AERIAL |
EP2535121A1 (en) * | 2011-06-14 | 2012-12-19 | E' Cosi' S.R.L. | Apparatus for cleaning, Sanitization, disinfection and the like |
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FR3005864A1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2014-11-28 | Lapro Environnement | DECONTAMINATION PROCESS. |
EP2857737A1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2015-04-08 | Clean Energy Fuels Corp. | Dispenser nitrogen purge |
DE102015108579A1 (en) * | 2015-05-30 | 2016-12-01 | Rimtax International Gmbh | Protective cover for the enclosure of a pollutant source |
FR3055915A1 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-16 | Anais Irene Gabrielle Blanc | INSULATED TENT INCLUDING HEATED COVER TO FIGHT HYPOTHERMIA |
WO2018154105A1 (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-08-30 | Utilis | Decontamination device and method for military materiel |
IT202000026485A1 (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-06 | Glowapp S R L | Portable ozone sanitization system |
RU2749482C1 (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-06-11 | Федеральное государственное казённое военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военная академия радиационной, химической и биологической защиты имени Маршала Советского Союза С.К. Тимошенко" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Mobile complex of aerosol disinfection of divisions based on pneumatic-framed arched structures |
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US20210363767A1 (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-25 | seiwo Technik GmbH | Modular Protective Room and Pass-Through Hatch for a Protective Room |
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2006
- 2006-01-09 TW TW095100771A patent/TW200640511A/en unknown
- 2006-01-11 KR KR1020077018358A patent/KR20070115885A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-01-11 AU AU2006339489A patent/AU2006339489A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-11 CA CA002617529A patent/CA2617529A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-11 CN CNA200680005539XA patent/CN101287504A/en active Pending
- 2006-01-11 JP JP2008500702A patent/JP2008526466A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-01-11 WO PCT/US2006/000781 patent/WO2007102798A1/en active Application Filing
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EP0072724A2 (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1983-02-23 | Baumert, Charles | Clothing for protection against chemical, bacteriological or radioactive consequences of accidents |
FR2515408A1 (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1983-04-29 | Delta Protection | Modular and collapsible airlock tent - made of polymer sheets and inflatable polymer tubes, and used on zones exposed to biological or radioactive contamination |
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Cited By (38)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8128888B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2012-03-06 | Steris Inc. | Transportable decontamination unit and decontamination process |
WO2008121455A2 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-10-09 | Steris Inc. | Decontamination unit with collapsible decontamination enclosure and decontamination process |
WO2008121455A3 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-11-20 | Steris Inc | Decontamination unit with collapsible decontamination enclosure and decontamination process |
WO2008109253A1 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-12 | Steris Inc. | Transportable decontamination unit and decontamination process |
US8216523B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2012-07-10 | Steris Inc. | Decontamination unit with collapsible decontamination enclosure and decontamination process |
US8163236B1 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2012-04-24 | Steris Inc. | Transportable decontamination unit and decontamination process |
EP2158481A4 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2010-10-06 | American Sterilizer Co | Method and apparatus for removal of vaporized hydrogen peroxide from a region |
US7988920B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2011-08-02 | American Sterilizer Company | Device for aerating a region after injection with vaporized hydrogen peroxide |
US7988911B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2011-08-02 | American Sterilizer Company | Method for removal of vaporized hydrogen peroxide from a region |
US7850925B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2010-12-14 | American Sterilizer Company | Apparatus for removal of vaporized hydrogen peroxide from a region |
EP2158481A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2010-03-03 | American Sterilizer Company | Method and apparatus for removal of vaporized hydrogen peroxide from a region |
EP2334342A4 (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2011-12-28 | Saban Ventures Pty Ltd | Nebulizer manifold |
EP2334342A1 (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2011-06-22 | Saban Ventures Pty Limited | Nebulizer manifold |
US9333275B2 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2016-05-10 | Saban Ventures Pty Limited | Nebulizer manifold |
US8668882B2 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2014-03-11 | Saban Ventures Pty Limited | Nebulizer manifold |
WO2012025453A1 (en) | 2010-08-22 | 2012-03-01 | Sperian Protection Clothing | Confinement airlock |
US9089620B2 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2015-07-28 | Philippe Henriot | Air decontamination device |
FR2975009A1 (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-16 | Philippe Henriot | DEVICE FOR DECONTAMINATING AERIAL |
EP2535121A1 (en) * | 2011-06-14 | 2012-12-19 | E' Cosi' S.R.L. | Apparatus for cleaning, Sanitization, disinfection and the like |
EP2760481A1 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2014-08-06 | American Sterilizer Company | Bulkhead assembly for vhp unit with removable diffuser |
EP2760481A4 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2015-07-15 | American Sterilizer Co | Bulkhead assembly for vhp unit with removable diffuser |
US9211354B2 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2015-12-15 | American Sterilizer Company | Bulkhead assembly for VHP unit with removable diffuser |
WO2013049284A1 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2013-04-04 | American Sterilizer Company | Bulkhead assembly for vhp unit with removable diffuser |
EP2857737A1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2015-04-08 | Clean Energy Fuels Corp. | Dispenser nitrogen purge |
FR3005864A1 (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2014-11-28 | Lapro Environnement | DECONTAMINATION PROCESS. |
DE102015108579A1 (en) * | 2015-05-30 | 2016-12-01 | Rimtax International Gmbh | Protective cover for the enclosure of a pollutant source |
US11690927B2 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2023-07-04 | Xenex Disinfection Services Inc. | Systems, cabinets and methods for disinfecting objects |
FR3055915A1 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-16 | Anais Irene Gabrielle Blanc | INSULATED TENT INCLUDING HEATED COVER TO FIGHT HYPOTHERMIA |
FR3063237A1 (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-08-31 | Utilis | DECONTAMINATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MILITARY EQUIPMENT |
US11524323B2 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2022-12-13 | Utilis | Decontamination device and method for military materiel |
WO2018154105A1 (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-08-30 | Utilis | Decontamination device and method for military materiel |
WO2021151531A1 (en) * | 2020-01-28 | 2021-08-05 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. | Apparatus having a protective envelope, use thereof, and method for operating a room region |
WO2021161144A1 (en) | 2020-02-10 | 2021-08-19 | Shield | Confinement assembly intended to be installed in a high-risk room, and method for implementing same |
US11319720B2 (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-05-03 | FUNABORI Co., Ltd. | Transportable breakroom box |
US20210363767A1 (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-25 | seiwo Technik GmbH | Modular Protective Room and Pass-Through Hatch for a Protective Room |
RU2749482C1 (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-06-11 | Федеральное государственное казённое военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военная академия радиационной, химической и биологической защиты имени Маршала Советского Союза С.К. Тимошенко" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Mobile complex of aerosol disinfection of divisions based on pneumatic-framed arched structures |
IT202000026485A1 (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-06 | Glowapp S R L | Portable ozone sanitization system |
RU2768951C1 (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-03-25 | Федеральное Государственное бюджетное учреждение "27 Научный центр" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Universal mobile disinfection module |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2006339489A8 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
AU2006339489A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
JP2008526466A (en) | 2008-07-24 |
CN101287504A (en) | 2008-10-15 |
CA2617529A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
KR20070115885A (en) | 2007-12-06 |
TW200640511A (en) | 2006-12-01 |
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