WO2007094262A1 - 単室型固体酸化物型燃料電池 - Google Patents
単室型固体酸化物型燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007094262A1 WO2007094262A1 PCT/JP2007/052388 JP2007052388W WO2007094262A1 WO 2007094262 A1 WO2007094262 A1 WO 2007094262A1 JP 2007052388 W JP2007052388 W JP 2007052388W WO 2007094262 A1 WO2007094262 A1 WO 2007094262A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- solid oxide
- exhaust gas
- oxide fuel
- combustion exhaust
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/407—Combination of fuel cells with mechanical energy generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell.
- a solid oxide fuel cell is a solid oxide in which a fuel electrode (hydrogen electrode) and an air electrode (oxygen electrode) are joined (formed) to an electrolyte composed of a solid oxide.
- Type fuel cell cell
- electric power is generated by supplying fuel gas, air, and the like to the cell. Since this fuel cell operates at a high temperature, high output and high power generation efficiency can be obtained without using precious metals.
- a fuel cell and an air electrode are shielded by a separator, fuel gas is supplied to the fuel electrode side, and air is supplied to the air electrode side.
- a loose two-chamber solid oxide fuel cell has a separator and the like. The structure is complicated.
- a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell has a fuel gas such as hydrogen or methane, air, etc. without blocking the fuel electrode formed on the solid oxide electrolyte and the air electrode with a separator. It is placed in a mixed atmosphere to generate electric power.
- a fuel gas such as hydrogen or methane, air, etc.
- Such a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-280015, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-280017, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-313357. ing.
- the single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell does not require a separator, a simple and inexpensive fuel cell can be realized.
- the present invention provides a single-chamber solid oxide type capable of realizing a high-temperature atmosphere (high-temperature atmosphere higher than the power generation start temperature) for the cell to generate power without using a heater or the like.
- the purpose is to provide a fuel cell.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell that can obtain electric power with a fuel cell without using any fuel other than fuel such as an internal combustion engine.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell that can realize an inexpensive hybrid system with a simple structure.
- the present invention preferably provides a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell that can purify the combustion exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine or the like, and can further simplify the structure and reduce the cost. For the purpose of serving.
- a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell includes an exhaust gas introduction part for introducing combustion exhaust gas, and the combustion exhaust gas introduced from the exhaust gas introduction part.
- a fuel cell storage part through which the gas flows, an exhaust gas discharge part for discharging the combustion exhaust gas flowing through the fuel cell storage part, and a solid oxide disposed inside the fuel cell storage part A solid oxide fuel cell in which a fuel electrode and an air electrode are joined to an electrolyte;
- the solid oxide is introduced by the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas introduced from the exhaust gas introduction part into the fuel cell storage part and discharged to the exhaust gas discharge part.
- the saddle type fuel cell is heated to a power generation start temperature of, for example, 500 to 1000 degrees Celsius or higher. For this reason, electric power can be generated by the fuel cell without separately using a heating means such as a heater.
- the fuel cell exposed to high-temperature combustion exhaust gas in this way has an air electrode. It reacts with air in the combustion exhaust gas and generates ions (for example, oxygen ions) necessary to operate as a fuel cell.
- ions for example, oxygen ions
- the generated ions move from the air electrode to the fuel electrode in the solid oxide electrolyte of the fuel cell, and react with CHx, COx, etc. contained in the combustion exhaust gas at the fuel electrode, and carbon dioxide (CO) and Generate water (HO). Carbon dioxide and water produced in this way (water steam
- Gas is discharged to the outside together with the combustion exhaust gas.
- the single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention uses CHx (hydrocarbon compound) such as methane gas and COx (carbon oxide) such as carbon monoxide contained in combustion exhaust gas. It can be reduced and the combustion exhaust gas can be purified.
- CHx hydrocarbon compound
- COx carbon oxide
- the single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention is heated by the thermal energy of the combustion exhaust gas, and uses CHx, COx, etc. in the combustion exhaust gas as the fuel gas, and serves as a fuel cell. Operate. At this time, the single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell can reduce CHx, COx, etc. in the combustion exhaust gas, and purify the combustion exhaust gas.
- the single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell since the solid oxide fuel cell generates electric power using, for example, combustion exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, the hybrid system is simplified. And cost reduction are achieved.
- the solid oxide fuel cell cleans the combustion exhaust gas of, for example, an internal combustion engine. Further structural simplification and cost reduction are achieved.
- the solid oxide fuel cell includes a first solid oxide fuel cell disposed inside the fuel cell storage portion and the combustion from the first solid oxide fuel cell.
- a second solid acid fuel cell having a power generation start temperature lower than that of the first solid oxide fuel cell may be provided on the downstream side of the exhaust gas flow.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a cross-sectional structure of a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a modification of the embodiment of FIG.
- the single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell 10 has an exhaust gas flow path portion 20 and a solid oxide fuel cell 30.
- the exhaust gas passage section 20 contains, for example, an exhaust gas introduction section 21 for introducing combustion exhaust gas 40 of an engine (not shown) such as a gasoline engine, and a fuel through which the combustion exhaust gas 40 flows by containing the solid oxide fuel cell 30.
- the battery cell storage unit 22 and the exhaust gas discharge unit 23 that discharges the combustion exhaust gas 40 flowing through the inside of the fuel cell storage unit 22 are provided.
- the solid oxide fuel cell 30 includes a solid oxide electrolyte 31 formed in, for example, a rectangular flat plate shape.
- An air electrode 32 is formed on one surface of the solid oxide electrolyte 31, and a fuel electrode 33 is formed on the other surface.
- the combustion exhaust gas 40 from which engine power is also discharged is introduced as the combustion exhaust gas 40.
- the solid oxide electrolyte 31 is, for example, 8 mol—YSZ (yttria stable zircouire), 5 mol—YSZ, SDC (scandina doped ceria), GDC (gadrium doped ceria), or ScSZ (scandia stabilized). Zircoyu) and the like.
- the air electrode 32 can be formed of, for example, LSM (lanthanum strontium manganite), LSC (lanthanum strontium cobaltite), or the like.
- the fuel electrode 33 can be formed of, for example, NiO + YSZ, NiO + SDC, NiO + GDC, LSCM (lanthanum strontium cobalt manganite), or FeO.
- Combustion exhaust gas 40 from which engine power has also been discharged contains CHx (hydrocarbon compounds), COx (carbon oxides), air, and the like. This flue gas 40 is 500 to 1000 degrees Celsius When the gas is introduced from the exhaust gas introduction part 21 to the exhaust gas flow path part 20 at a high temperature, the solid oxide fuel cell 30 is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the power generation start temperature.
- oxygen ions (O 2 ) are also generated by the aerodynamic force in the combustion exhaust gas 40.
- the oxygen ions move from the air electrode 32 to the fuel electrode 33 through the solid oxide oxide 31 of the cell.
- the oxygen ions thus moved react with CHx and COx contained in the combustion exhaust gas 40 at the fuel electrode 33 to generate carbon dioxide (CO) and water (HO). Therefore, the negative electrode between the air electrode 32 and the fuel electrode 33
- the electrons carried by the oxygen ions flow from the fuel electrode 33 (negative electrode) to the air electrode 32 (positive electrode), and power is supplied to the load 11.
- the single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell 10 can operate as a fuel cell and generate electric power from waste heat (thermal energy) of the combustion exhaust gas 40 of the engine and CHx and COx. it can. For this reason, the single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell 10 does not need to be separately supplied with fuel gas for operating as a fuel cell, in addition to CHx and COx that contain 40 tons of combustion exhaust gas. In addition, CHx and COx contained in the combustion exhaust gas 40 introduced from the exhaust gas introduction part 21 become carbon dioxide and water (steam) as a result of the above reaction in the solid oxide fuel cell 30. Part 23 is discharged to the outside.
- the powerful single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell 10 is applied to an automobile and the combustion exhaust gas of an engine such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine is led to the exhaust gas passage section 20, the automobile Also, energy can be obtained from the single chamber type solid oxide fuel cell 10. As a result, fuel efficiency is improved and combustion exhaust gas of the engine is purified.
- the single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell 10 may be provided in an automobile muffler.
- the single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell 10 can also be applied to motorcycles or various vehicles other than automobiles.
- the single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention is applied to a vehicle or device that uses an internal combustion engine or an external combustion engine as a power source (energy source), power is generated using combustion exhaust gas. It becomes possible. Therefore, it is possible to generate electric power with a simple configuration, improve fuel efficiency, and purify the combustion exhaust gas. In addition, the configuration can be simplified and the cost can be reduced. [0017]
- the single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention is not limited to the one shown in the above embodiment.
- a solid oxide fuel cell may be configured by forming a fuel electrode and an air electrode on one surface of a flat plate. Also, a solid oxide fuel cell is formed by forming a fuel electrode (or air electrode) and an air electrode (or fuel electrode) on the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the fixed oxide electrolyte formed in a cylindrical shape. Even if you make up.
- the substances constituting the fixed oxide, the fuel electrode, and the air electrode are not limited to the substances exemplified in the above embodiment as long as they become the power generation start temperature at the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas.
- a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells are arranged in the exhaust gas flow path section, and the solid oxide fuel cells are electrically connected in series or in parallel to generate electric power. It may be.
- first solid oxide fuel cell having a high power generation start temperature and a second solid oxide fuel cell having a power generation start temperature lower than the power generation start temperature may be used.
- first solid oxide fuel cell is disposed on the upstream side of the flow of the combustion exhaust gas
- second solid oxide fuel cell is disposed on the downstream side.
- the second solid oxide fuel cell may be electrically connected in series or in parallel.
- FIG. 2 A fuel cell that uses a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells as described above is shown in FIG. 2 as a modified example of the above embodiment. This modification is the same as the above embodiment except that there are a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells, and the same reference numerals are used for the same members in the above embodiment.
- the first solid oxide fuel cell 30 configured in the same manner as in the above embodiment is disposed in the fuel cell housing portion 22. Further, on the downstream side of the flow of the combustion exhaust gas 40 from the first solid oxide fuel cell 30, similarly to the first solid oxide fuel cell 30, the solid oxide electrolyte 31 ′ and air A second solid oxide fuel cell 30 ′ composed of an electrode 32 ′ and a fuel electrode 33 ′ is disposed.
- the second solid oxide fuel cell 30 ′ has a power generation start temperature lower than the power generation start temperature of the first solid oxide fuel cell 30.
- the first solid oxide fuel cell 30 and the second solid oxide fuel cell 30 ′ are connected in series and supply power to the load 11.
- power generation is performed using the combustion exhaust gas of the engine, but it is also possible to use combustion exhaust gas of a combustion device power other than the engine.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002642014A CA2642014A1 (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2007-02-09 | Single chamber type solid oxide fuel cell |
US12/279,302 US20090202881A1 (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2007-02-09 | Single-chamber-type solid oxide fuel cell device |
EP07708324A EP1986261A4 (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2007-02-09 | SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL OF SINGLE CHAMBER TYPE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006040768A JP5030436B2 (ja) | 2006-02-17 | 2006-02-17 | 単室型固体酸化物型燃料電池 |
JP2006-040768 | 2006-02-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007094262A1 true WO2007094262A1 (ja) | 2007-08-23 |
Family
ID=38371448
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2007/052388 WO2007094262A1 (ja) | 2006-02-17 | 2007-02-09 | 単室型固体酸化物型燃料電池 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090202881A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1986261A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5030436B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080093055A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101427412A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2642014A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007094262A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5343657B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-27 | 2013-11-13 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 発電装置 |
JP5624791B2 (ja) | 2010-04-07 | 2014-11-12 | 株式会社アツミテック | 発電装置 |
US9118052B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 | 2015-08-25 | Philips 66 Company | Integrated natural gas powered SOFC systems |
US9666891B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2017-05-30 | Phillips 66 Company | Gas phase modification of solid oxide fuel cells |
WO2015054065A1 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-16 | Phillips 66 Company | Liquid phase modification of electrodes of solid oxide fuel cells |
US10418657B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2019-09-17 | Phillips 66 Company | Formation of solid oxide fuel cells by spraying |
KR101751102B1 (ko) | 2014-08-22 | 2017-06-28 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 연료전지 시스템 |
CN105977513B (zh) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 清华大学 | 一种汽车尾气高效发电装置及制造方法 |
CN106025317B (zh) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 清华大学 | 汽车尾气的温差和燃料电池耦合高效发电装置 |
CN109057922A (zh) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-21 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种基于固体氧化物电解池的汽车尾气NOx分解装置 |
Citations (8)
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JP2000140564A (ja) * | 1998-11-16 | 2000-05-23 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 固体電解質を利用した高NOx還元作用を有する電極材及びNOx削減方法 |
JP2000268832A (ja) * | 1999-03-18 | 2000-09-29 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 二温制御連結式固体酸化物型燃料電池 |
JP2002280015A (ja) * | 2001-03-21 | 2002-09-27 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 単室型固体電解質型燃料電池及びその製造方法 |
JP2002280017A (ja) * | 2001-03-21 | 2002-09-27 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 単室型固体電解質型燃料電池及びその製造方法 |
JP2003282081A (ja) * | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-03 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 固体酸化物形燃料電池およびそれを用いた発電方法 |
JP2004273354A (ja) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-30 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気系に燃料電池を有する内燃機関 |
JP2005166539A (ja) * | 2003-12-04 | 2005-06-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気系に燃料電池を有する内燃機関 |
JP2006194506A (ja) * | 2005-01-13 | 2006-07-27 | Paloma Ind Ltd | ガス器具 |
Family Cites Families (6)
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US6502533B1 (en) * | 2001-09-29 | 2003-01-07 | George Beuan Kirby Meacham | Internal combustion fuel reforming |
US20040166386A1 (en) * | 2003-02-24 | 2004-08-26 | Herman Gregory S. | Fuel cells for exhaust stream treatment |
JP4256699B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-11 | 2009-04-22 | 新光電気工業株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
US20040177607A1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Internal combustion engine with a fuel cell in an exhaust system |
JP2004319240A (ja) * | 2003-04-16 | 2004-11-11 | Shinko Electric Ind Co Ltd | 燃焼装置 |
ATE363134T1 (de) * | 2003-09-25 | 2007-06-15 | Shell Int Research | Hilfskrafteinheit von festoxidbrennstoffzellen |
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2006
- 2006-02-17 JP JP2006040768A patent/JP5030436B2/ja active Active
-
2007
- 2007-02-09 CN CNA2007800138880A patent/CN101427412A/zh active Pending
- 2007-02-09 US US12/279,302 patent/US20090202881A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-02-09 KR KR1020087019948A patent/KR20080093055A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-02-09 EP EP07708324A patent/EP1986261A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-02-09 CA CA002642014A patent/CA2642014A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-02-09 WO PCT/JP2007/052388 patent/WO2007094262A1/ja active Application Filing
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JP2000140564A (ja) * | 1998-11-16 | 2000-05-23 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 固体電解質を利用した高NOx還元作用を有する電極材及びNOx削減方法 |
JP2000268832A (ja) * | 1999-03-18 | 2000-09-29 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 二温制御連結式固体酸化物型燃料電池 |
JP2002280015A (ja) * | 2001-03-21 | 2002-09-27 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 単室型固体電解質型燃料電池及びその製造方法 |
JP2002280017A (ja) * | 2001-03-21 | 2002-09-27 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 単室型固体電解質型燃料電池及びその製造方法 |
JP2003282081A (ja) * | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-03 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 固体酸化物形燃料電池およびそれを用いた発電方法 |
JP2004273354A (ja) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-30 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気系に燃料電池を有する内燃機関 |
JP2005166539A (ja) * | 2003-12-04 | 2005-06-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気系に燃料電池を有する内燃機関 |
JP2006194506A (ja) * | 2005-01-13 | 2006-07-27 | Paloma Ind Ltd | ガス器具 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1986261A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1986261A1 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
JP2007220521A (ja) | 2007-08-30 |
KR20080093055A (ko) | 2008-10-17 |
CA2642014A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
US20090202881A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
JP5030436B2 (ja) | 2012-09-19 |
EP1986261A4 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
CN101427412A (zh) | 2009-05-06 |
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