Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D19/38—Details or accessories
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00009—Materials
  • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
  • B65D2519/00019—Paper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00009—Materials
  • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
  • B65D2519/00029—Wood
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00009—Materials
  • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
  • B65D2519/00034—Plastic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00009—Materials
  • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
  • B65D2519/00054—Paper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00009—Materials
  • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
  • B65D2519/00064—Wood
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00009—Materials
  • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
  • B65D2519/00069—Plastic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00009—Materials
  • B65D2519/00084—Materials for the non-integral separating spacer
  • B65D2519/00089—Paper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00009—Materials
  • B65D2519/00084—Materials for the non-integral separating spacer
  • B65D2519/00099—Wood
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00009—Materials
  • B65D2519/00084—Materials for the non-integral separating spacer
  • B65D2519/00104—Plastic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
  • B65D2519/00263—Overall construction of the pallet
  • B65D2519/00273—Overall construction of the pallet made of more than one piece
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
  • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
  • B65D2519/00293—Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of more than one piece
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
  • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
  • B65D2519/00298—Overall construction of the load supporting surface skeleton type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
  • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
  • B65D2519/00323—Overall construction of the base surface made of more than one piece
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
  • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
  • B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
  • B65D2519/00333—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a stringer-like shape
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
  • B65D2519/00368—Overall construction of the non-integral separating spacer
  • B65D2519/00373—Overall construction of the non-integral separating spacer whereby at least one spacer is made of one piece
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00736—Details
  • B65D2519/00741—Dimensional aspects of the pallet
  • B65D2519/00746—Dimensional aspects of the pallet divisible into sub-pallets of smaller dimensions
  • B65D2519/00756—Dimensional aspects of the pallet divisible into sub-pallets of smaller dimensions joined together by removable elements, e.g. bands encircling the feed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
  • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
  • B65D2519/00736—Details
  • B65D2519/0086—Protection against environmental hazards, e.g. humidity, bacteria, fire

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method, according to the preamble of Claim 1, for securing a protective membrane to a loading pallet.
• the invention also relates to a loading pallet.
• loading pallets are usually wooden platforms, in which there is a low plinth beneath a wooden load deck.
• the blocks of the plinth are intended to raise the load platform slightly, allowing the tines of a forklift truck, hand pallet truck, or other transfer device to be pushed under it.
• a pallet manufactured from rough timber does not meet very high standards of hygiene, so that the surface of the pallet must to protected with a sufficiently hygienic material, if required by the goods being transported remaining clean, or the weather resistance of the load.
• the package if the package is required to be water or dust-tight, the package must be closed on the side facing the pallet.
• Plastic film is usually then placed on top of the load deck.
• the plastic film can be placed on top of the pallet, for example, in connection with shrink-wrapping before the goods being transported are transferred to the pallet.
• the film must be placed by hand, while the construction of the packaging machines may make it difficult to implement an automatic plastic-wrapping machine, due to insufficient space.
• protective plastic is installed on top of loading pallets at the factory manufacturing the pallets.
• the protective plastic must of course be attached reliably to the pallets, so that it will not move out of position, or even detach from the pallets while the pallets are being transported and handled.
• One way to attach protective plastic is to staple it with metal staples.
• the protective plastic is folded over the edges of the pallet and attached by stapling to the pallet's frame. Though this will reliably attach the plastic, not all customers who receive products on pallets will approve attachment made by stapling. Increasingly, the customer must take care of the recycling of pallets and other packaging material, so that the wooden parts ot the pallet must be separated from the plastic. If the plastic has been attached using several metal staples, it will be difficult and slow to detach the protective plastic, nor will customers necessarily accept the extra work that this entails.
• the stapled deck plastic can also interfere with the use at a printing press of sheets packed on pallets, as it may make it more difficult to change the pallets at the press.
• the attachment may also not withstand knocks received while handling empty pallets.
• the invention is intended to create an attachment method for loading-pallet protective membranes, especially plastic, which does not require manual work stages in the packaging stage and which permits the membrane to be easily detached from the pallet.
• the invention is based on attaching protective membrane to the pallet, by a band that runs around the pallet.
• a material suitable for recycling together with the protective membrane preferably of the same plastic material as that used in the protective membrane, is used as the attachment band.
• the loading pallet according to the invention is, in turn, characterized by what is stated in the characterizing portion of Claim 5.
• the method according to the invention has great potential for use in all kinds of shrink- wrapped packaging, in which a tightly sealed and often also hygienic package is required.
• Packages of this kind are, for example, those used in the foodstuffs industry, as well as those used in the forest-products industry for the packing of paper and board products intended for hygienic packages.
• the base plastic attached in the manner according to the invention i.e.
• the protective plastic of the pallet will interfere neither with the opening of the package, nor with the changing of a pallet of sheets thus packed at a printing press.
• Packaging reinforced by base plastic tensioned by a band can substantially reduce the use of various cover structures and bindings in the packaging of products.
• Figure 1 shows a view from one side of a loading pallet according to the invention.
• Figure 2 shows a view from another side of the loading pallet according to Figure 1.
• Figure 3 shows the attachment of the base plastic of a loading pallet using a manual band tensioner, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 4 shows the use of a loading pallet according to the invention in packaging sheets of board.
• Figure 5 shows a stack of board sheets packed on a loading pallet, in a shrink-wrapped plastic package.
• the present invention can be applied in connection with the wooden loading pallets described in the following example, as well as in connection with any type of loading pallet whatever intended to be moved using forks.
• other manufacturing materials for pallets include conventional cardboards and polymer materials.
• loading pallets are usually standardized, because transport and storage systems are designed for handling standard-dimension packages.
• the loading pallet 1 of Figures 1 and 2 there are two pallet halves 2, each of which comprises a grid-like load deck 5 and blocks 4 under the deck at each corner, which lift the load deck 5 off the floor level, so that the tines of a forklift truck, for example, can be pushed under it.
• the blocks 4 are attached to each other in pairs by tie planks 12.
• the blocks 4 with the tie planks 12 thus form the base structure of the load deck.
• the pallet halves 2 are tied to each other by plastic bands 3 around the blocks 4 that stand next to each other.
• a pallet 1 which has a larger load deck, is formed from two smaller pallets.
• the load deck 5 is covered with a plastic film 6, which in this case is of polyethylene.
• Polyethylene is cheap in price and easily recycled.
• the base plastic can be of any membrane material whatever, by means of which the desired protective effect can be obtained for the package.
• the membrane 6 can be, for example, a multi-layer barrier material, or metal foil.
• the edges of the base plastic 6 are folded over the edges of the load deck, in the direction of the blocks, which they partly cover. The amount of base plastic protruding over the edges is dimensioned to be narrower than the height of the blocks 4, so that the edges of the base plastic will not come under the pallet.
• the base plastic 6 is held in place by a band 7 running round the edges of the pallet 1.
• the band 7 can be advantageously located around the circumference formed by the load deck, in which case it will press over the entire circumferential dimension of the load deck as tightly as possible against the edges of the deck and press the plastic tightly against the pallet.
• the band 7 can be placed lower, to run round the blocks 4 of the pallet, but in that case the securing force may be smaller and there may be a danger of bending the blocks when using a large tightening force.
• the band 7 is naturally always placed on the part of the protective membrane that extends over the edges of the deck. It is preferable to use the same material for the band as for the base plastic.
• shrink-wrap packaging is polyethylene
• the shrink-wrap when the shrink-wrap extending over the edges of the base plastic 6 and the band is heated in the shrinking stage, it will adhere to the base plastic and the band. Because the band simultaneously tightens onto the pallet, a strong package will be created, in which the base plastic, the band, and the shrink-wrap form a stiff unified support at the base of the package. In many case, this will permit the package to be transported without addition support, such as support covers or bands.
• suitable bands are made from, among other materials, metal, polypropylene, and polyester, while even polyethylene band is available.
• the material of the band it is advantageous for the material of the band to attach when heated to either the base protective membrane, or to the packaging material, preferably to both.
• Figure 3 shows the attachment of the base plastic with the aid of a securing band 7, using a manually operated band tensioner.
• the base plastic 6 When the plastic is put on manually, the base plastic 6 is first placed on top of the pallet and its edges are turned over the edges of the deck. After this, a sufficient amount of band strip 7 pulled from the band tensioner 8, and is wrapped around the pallet. The band can then be tightened around the pallet using the tensioner. The plastic is now in place and the pallet can be taken to the packing line for making a package.
• the pallet 1 is beneath the rod-grid 10, where is has been taken by a conveyor 11.
• the rod-grid 10 is pulled out from under the sheets and the stacking of the sheets continues until a stack of the desired height has been created.
• the pallet 1 with the stack is taken to shrink-wrap packaging, in which a plastic bag is formed on top of it. The entire package is heated, when the shrink-wrap bag tightens around the package and binds the stack into a unified package.
• the shrink-wrap bag tightens around the base plastic and its tightening band and forms a strong and tight joint between the pallet and the stack of sheets. Because the shrink-wrap bag attaches to the base plastic and the band, and the base plastic is still tightened by the band onto the pallet, the package cannot move on the pallet without breaking the construction, thus creating a very strong package.
• the shrink-wrap bag or wrapping is preferably created using curtain wrapping, in which case the operation can easily be automated.
• Curtain wrapping takes place by a roll of plastic being wrapped around the package, in such a way that the wrapping is pulled on top of the package around its entire circumference and also over the top of it, creating a tight bag entirely surrounding the package.
• the thickness of the material of the bag can . be adjusted by altering the number of rounds.
• Curtain-wrapping devices are well known in the packaging sector, so that there is no need to describe them here in greater detail. Instead of curtain wrapping, a ready-made bag can be used, but it has the drawback that the bag must be placed by hand. On the other hand, automatic bagging devices are usually more expensive than curtain-wrapping devices.
• circumference of the pallet refers to the perimeter of the pallet, including all the structures protruding outwards from the deck on the perimeter of the deck.
• circumference of the deck refers to the perimeter of the edge of the deck and all the structures that are essentially on the same plane as the edge.
• the perimeter of the deck is formed by the ends and edges of the planks of the plank grid of the deck.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Packages (AREA)
• Pallets (AREA)
• Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=35953592

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Citations (7)

• 2006
  • 2006-02-10 FI FI20060126A patent/FI126663B/fi active IP Right Grant
• 2007
  • 2007-02-06 WO PCT/FI2007/050064 patent/WO2007090930A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (7)

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