WO2007085194A1 - Dispositif d'affichage d'image stéréo faisant appel à un obturateur à cristaux liquides et procédé d'affichage de ce dernier - Google Patents
Dispositif d'affichage d'image stéréo faisant appel à un obturateur à cristaux liquides et procédé d'affichage de ce dernier Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007085194A1 WO2007085194A1 PCT/CN2007/000279 CN2007000279W WO2007085194A1 WO 2007085194 A1 WO2007085194 A1 WO 2007085194A1 CN 2007000279 W CN2007000279 W CN 2007000279W WO 2007085194 A1 WO2007085194 A1 WO 2007085194A1
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- screen
- light
- image
- liquid crystal
- stereoscopic image
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
- G02B30/24—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type involving temporal multiplexing, e.g. using sequentially activated left and right shutters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
- G02B30/31—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers involving active parallax barriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13471—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which all the liquid crystal cells or layers remain transparent, e.g. FLC, ECB, DAP, HAN, TN, STN, SBE-LC cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of autostereoscopic display technology (Autostereoscopic Displas), and specifically relates to a naked eye visible liquid crystal shutter light screen stereoscopic image display device and a display method thereof.
- Autostereoscopic Displas Autostereoscopic Displas
- stereoscopic imaging There are many methods and principles for stereoscopic imaging. For example: People use two cameras to imitate the left and right eyes of a person to simultaneously shoot a movie on the same scene, and then simultaneously project the two movies on a screen. The audience only wears special polarized glasses. You can see the stereoscopic movie; on the display of the TV or computer, the odd line of the electronic scan line is displayed on the left eye, the even line shows the right eye, and the audience wears a pair of glasses to synchronize the left lens The odd lines are opened, so that the right lens can be seen in the even line to open the stereo image.
- the left and right lenses are each a micro display, the left eye is shown on the left, and the right is displayed on the right.
- the eye diagram therefore, makes people feel like entering a virtual environment with a three-dimensional sense.
- a new method called naked-eye visible stereoscopic image display has emerged. It is a stereoscopic image that can be viewed without wearing special tools such as the glasses and helmet described above.
- the basic principle in the naked-eye visible stereoscopic image display method is to use a special picture. All the odd line columns on this particular picture are used to represent a right eye picture, and all even line numbers are used to represent a left eye.
- the right eye can see all the odd rows and columns on the map
- the left eye can see all the even rows and columns on the map, that is, the right eye just sees the right eye
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a stereoscopic image which can be seen on the screen without wearing special glasses or a helmet, and the viewer can move freely, and can be seen from different directions.
- a naked-eye visible liquid crystal shutter light screen stereoscopic image display device that does not cause eye strain on different sides of a stereoscopic image.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a naked eye visible liquid crystal shutter light screen stereoscopic image display method.
- the naked eye visible liquid crystal shutter light screen stereoscopic image display device comprises a PC host and an image screen, wherein the PC host is provided with a dual screen card, and a light screen is arranged in front of the image screen.
- the image screen and the light screen are respectively connected to the dual screen card.
- the image screen is a monitor for various television displays or computers, including CRTs, LCDs, PDPs, ELDs, FEDs, which are self-illuminating or have light illumination systems.
- the dual screen card is a computer graphics processing card, which can display two frames of graphics on two monitors or monitors at the same time.
- the light screen comprises a black and white liquid crystal panel and a light sieve plate, wherein the light sieve plate is mounted on a black and white liquid crystal panel, the light sieve plate is a thin plate provided with a light mesh hole, the light mesh holes are arranged in a plane lattice, and the black and white
- the position of the pixel on the liquid crystal panel corresponds one-to-one, and the surface of the light sieve plate other than the light mesh hole is a black opaque plate surface. Light can only be transmitted through the light screen hole to form a liquid crystal shutter.
- the diameter of the aperture is 0. 25 ⁇ 0. 5mm.
- the diameter of the small hole should not be less than 0.1. Otherwise, the diffraction of the light through the small hole will make the pattern blurred. On the contrary, if the diameter of the small hole is too large, scattering will occur. 5 ⁇
- the size of the small liquid crystal panel is 0. 264mm or 0. 297mm is still available, but the large liquid crystal panel (40inch or more) has a spot diameter of about 1mm or even larger, and uses such a large spot to reproduce the stereoscopic image effect. It will be very bad.
- the use of a light sieve plate to control the diameter of the small hole is 0. 25 ⁇ 0. 5mm will have a good effect on a large screen.
- the naked eye visible liquid crystal shutter light screen stereoscopic image display method the steps thereof include:
- the PC host synchronously displays the light screen image and the continuous parallax map in the recording unit on the light screen screen and the image screen through the dual screen card, and the light emitted by the continuous parallax map on the image screen passes through the light screen screen.
- the viewer can see the stereoscopic image of the reconstructed space in front of the light screen.
- the three-dimensional object scanning instrument comprises a laser three-dimensional object scanner, a medical device X-CT, an RMI, a B ultrasonic device, an engineering measuring instrument, and the manual design refers to using a graphics processing software including 3DS MAX. , MAYA performs stereo image production.
- the area projection method is a light screening hole opened on the screen of the light screen, and the PC host divides the recording interval on the image screen, and divides a corresponding photography interval in front of the light screening screen, wherein the recording interval is on the light screening screen.
- the open light screen hole is centered on the image screen with a rectangle defined by the width of the adjacent adjacent light screen holes, and the photographing interval refers to the front of the light screen hole opened on the light screen screen, with light
- the mesh hole is a quadrilateral cone space of the apex, and the three-dimensional model data points of the stereo image in the photographic interval can be projected through the light mesh hole in the corresponding recording interval, and the PC host calculates each 3D model data point through point by point.
- Distance Z0 is the distance between the screen and the image screen
- Yb is the Y coordinate of Ya on the image screen.
- the density of the light screen lattice is represented by G (M, N), where M represents the number of dots separated by dots in the X direction, and N represents the dot separation of dots in the Y direction.
- M represents the number of dots separated by dots in the X direction
- N represents the dot separation of dots in the Y direction.
- the number of dots, the density of the light sieve lattice is different, and the light sieve pattern is different.
- the continuous parallax map calculated by the light sieve pattern is also different;
- the phase is represented by ra (i, J), where Indicates the distance at which the lattice of the lattice in the x direction is shifted as a whole, and J represents the distance at which the lattice of the lattice in the Y direction is translated as a whole.
- the viewer can only see a stereoscopic image formed by a light sieve lattice, and the accuracy of the stereoscopic image is largely governed by the density of the light screening lattice. For example, in the case of a screen with a density of G(5, 0), for an LCD with an accuracy of 1024X768, we can only see a stereo image with a horizontal accuracy of 205 lines (1024/5 2 205). Obviously this is not satisfactory.
- the stereoscopic image is displayed by using a plurality of sets of record display methods, wherein the plurality of sets of record display means that each of the m recording units R constitutes a picture HR, each The phase of the light screen lattice of the recording unit R is different from each other, and when the dot arrays of m different phases are coincident, the light screening point can just fill all the light mesh holes on the light screening screen, and the PC host passes the dual screen card
- the m recording units R in one screen HR are displayed at high speed according to the arrangement number, that is, the light screening map B of the m recording units R and the continuous parallax map W are respectively displayed on the light screen and the image screen in synchronization according to the arrangement number, respectively, the viewer A high-precision stereo image that can be seen in front of the screen.
- the PC host displays the m recording units R in each screen HR by the dual screen card at high speed according to the arrangement number, that is, the light screening map B of the m recording units R and the continuous parallax map W according to The arrangement serial number is synchronously displayed on the light screen and the image screen at high speed, and the viewer can see the high-precision dynamic stereo image in front of the light screen.
- the time required for the high-speed display of each of the pictures HR is required to be 0.1 second, that is, the time for each recording unit R to be displayed at a high speed of 0.1/m seconds, and the stereo image is completely clear. .
- the phase of the array is PH (0, 0), PH (1, 0), PH (2, 0), PH (3, 0), PH (4, 0), PH (5, 0), when each
- the recording unit R is displayed at a high speed of 0.02 (0.1/5) seconds
- the five light screens B and the five consecutive parallax maps W complement each other, and the viewer can see that an accuracy is improved in front of the screen.
- the 5D stereo image will increase the accuracy of its stereo image from 205X768 to 1024X768.
- the arrangement numbers of the respective recording units R are randomly arranged out of order, and the respective recording units R are displayed in a random arrangement of the new arrangement numbers, thereby overcoming the phenomenon of twill interference due to the illusion of the eyes.
- the light screen image may be a raster image with only vertical lines, which is obtained by controlling the light screen to punch the light mesh holes in a vertical line.
- the light screen image may be a raster image with only vertical lines, which is obtained by controlling the light screen to punch the light mesh holes in a vertical line.
- the present invention has the following advantages and benefits -
- the stereoscopic image produced by the device is a stereoscopic image having a wide field of view, no need to wear special glasses, can be viewed by many people at the same time, and has high resolution;
- the stereoscopic image produced by the device is an image in which the viewer can see different side images from different angles;
- the stereoscopic image produced by the device allows the viewer to watch the object as if viewing the object.
- the convergence angle and focal length of the eye are naturally matched, which will not cause eye fatigue and uncomfortable feeling;
- the stereoscopic image displayed by the device can be made into a display scene in which multiple people participate together, and the human-machine interaction and operation are performed, which can be made into a virtual reality environment in which the scene allows the actors and the audience to coexist;
- the device can be applied to advertising and entertainment venues, electronic game machines and stereoscopic televisions, and can also be used in a wide range of fields such as scientific research, medical observation, and engineering detection.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a naked eye visible liquid crystal shutter light screen stereoscopic image display device;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the liquid crystal shutter light screen shown in FIG.
- Figure 3 (a), (b), (c), (d) is the working principle diagram of the liquid crystal shutter light screen
- Figure 4 (a), (b) is a schematic diagram of the area projection method
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the coordinates of the projection point
- Figure 6 is an algorithm flow chart of the area projection method
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a reproduced stereoscopic image
- Figure 8 is a flow chart of an algorithm for generating a plurality of recording units
- Figure 9 are the light screen and the continuous parallax map of the four recording units, respectively, (e) is a visual effect diagram of the high-speed alternate display;
- Figure 10 is a flow chart of an algorithm for converting a plurality of recording units into a volume image and eliminating twill interference
- Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the conversion from a light screen to a grating.
- the naked eye visible liquid crystal shutter light screen stereoscopic image display device comprises a PC host 1 and an image screen 2 , and a dual screen card is arranged in the PC host 1 , and a light screen 3 is arranged in front of the image screen 2 , and the image is The screen 2 and the light screen 3 are respectively connected with the dual screen card;
- the image screen 2 is a monitor of various television displays or computers, including CRT, LCD, PDP, ELD, FED, which are self-illuminating or light illumination systems;
- the dual-screen card is a general-purpose computer graphics processing card that can simultaneously display two frames of graphics on the screen and the image screen.
- the light screen 3 includes a black and white liquid crystal panel 4 and a light sieve plate 5.
- the light sieve plate 5 is mounted on the black and white liquid crystal panel 4.
- the light sieve plate 5 is a thin plate provided with a light mesh hole, and the light mesh hole is formed.
- the plane dot matrix arrangement is in one-to-one correspondence with the pixel position on the black and white liquid crystal panel, that is, if the pixel on the black and white liquid crystal screen is 1024 X 768, the small holes on the light screen screen are also 1024X 768 one pair. .
- the surface of the light sieve plate other than the light sieve hole is a black opaque plate surface, and the light can only be transmitted through the light mesh hole, and the light source screen can be controlled by controlling the light transmittance or the opacity on the black and white liquid crystal panel.
- the small holes on the upper side are light-transmissive or opaque, and constitute a liquid crystal shutter screen. 0 ⁇ 1. 0 ⁇ The thickness of the light sieve plate is 0. 1 ⁇ 1. 0 legs.
- the stereoscopic image display method of the naked eye visible liquid crystal shutter light screen stereoscopic image display device comprises the following steps:
- 3D object scanning instrument includes laser 3D object scanner, medical equipment X-CT, track I, B ultrasonic instrument, engineering measuring instrument, manual design refers to the use of graphics processing software including 3DS MAX, MAYA for stereo image production
- the three-dimensional model data of the stereoscopic image includes three-dimensional coordinates representing all the points of the surface shape of the object and its color, gray;
- a continuous parallax map W, a light sieve map B and a continuous parallax map W are combined to form a stereoscopic image recording unit R, denoted as R ⁇ W[Xb, Yb, L, Col ], B[ G (M, N), PH (I , J) ] ⁇ ;
- the light sieve data B[G (M, N), PH (I, J) ] includes the density G (M, N) of the light sieve lattice, and the light sieve point The phase of the array ra (i, J) , where M represents the number of pixels separated by dots in the X direction, and N represents the number of dots separated by dots in the Y direction. The number of pixels in the direction in which the lattice is shifted as a whole, and J represents the number of pixels in the Y direction in which the lattice is shifted overall.
- Figure 3 (l, 1) the phase of the light sieve dot matrix is PH (0, 0);
- Figure 3 (b) shows the case of the black screen of the black and white liquid crystal panel opened every 3 points, at which time only 1/16 of the small hole Light transmission, the distance between the light-transmitting points is 4mm, the density of the light-screen lattice is G (3, 3), and the phase of the light-screen lattice is PH (0, 0);
- Figure 3 (c) shows The black and white liquid crystal panel also opens the screen at every 3 points.
- the distance between the light transmission points is 3 paintings from top to bottom, but the light transmission lattice is shifted to the right by a distance of 1 mm, and the density of the light sieve lattice is
- G 3
- the phase of the light screen lattice is PH (1, 0)
- Figure 3 (d) shows the case where the black and white liquid crystal panel is also opened every 3 points, the distance between the light transmission points The left and right sides are all 3, but the light-transmitting lattice is shifted to the right by 1 leg and translated downward.
- the density of the light sieve dot is expressed as G. (3, 3), the phase of the light sieve lattice is PH (0, D o
- a stereoscopic image 6 is projected through a light screen of the light screen 5 onto the image screen 2, similar to the photographic method, and each light screen on the light screen 5 is similar to a camera.
- the lens, the ordinary camera is ingested against the object, and the regional projection method is taken from the back.
- the projected images will overlap each other on the image screen 2, and the correct image cannot be produced.
- the area projection method is to open the light screen hole on the screen of the light screen, and the PC host divides the recording intervals a, b, c, d, e, f... on the image screen 2 in
- the front of the light screen 5 is divided into corresponding photographing sections A, B, C, D, E, F, ..., and the recording section is centered on the light screen hole on the screen of the light screen, and the phase is opened on the image screen.
- the spacing between the adjacent optical screen holes is a rectangle defined by the width, and the photographing interval refers to a square rectangular space in front of the light screening hole opened on the light screen, with the light mesh hole as a vertex, and a stereoscopic image in the photographing interval.
- the 3D model data points can be projected through the optical sieve hole in the corresponding recording interval.
- the PC host calculates the projection point parameters of each 3D model data point through the optical sieve hole on the image screen 2 point by point, and records the projection.
- the coordinates (Xb, Yb) of the point and their corresponding colors Col and gray scale L are recorded between the stereo image partitions to obtain continuous parallax image data W[Xb, Yb, L, Col] 0
- the calculation principle of the coordinates (Xb, Yb) of the projection point is as follows: First, it is assumed that there is a light spot A in the space, and the A light spot is generated on the image screen.
- the Xb value of the projection point can be expressed by the following program: Xb ⁇ X3- (Xa- X3) *Z0/ (Za- Z0), where: Xa: the X coordinate of point A;
- X3 the X coordinate of the hole of number 3;
- Xb The X coordinate of Xa on the image screen.
- Y3 the Y coordinate of the small hole of number 3;
- Yb Ya's Y coordinate on the image screen.
- Figure 6 is a flow chart of the algorithm of the area projection method.
- the surface of a stereoscopic image can be represented by a number of representative points.
- a set of continuous parallax image data W[Xb, Yb, L, Col] about the entire stereoscopic image is obtained, so that the recording unit R is denoted as -R ⁇ W[Xb, Yb, L, Col] , B [G (M, N ), PH (I, J) ] ⁇
- a recording unit k is input to the host of the PC, and the continuous parallax image data W in the recording unit R is converted into a continuous parallax map W by the dual screen card, and displayed on the image screen 2,
- the light screen data B in the recording unit is converted into a light screen.
- the picture B is displayed on the light screen 3, and the light source 7 of the image screen 2 transmits the image of the recording area ⁇ b, c, d, e, f through the light screen 3
- the upper light mesh hole is mapped into the space in front of the light screen, and the viewer 8 can see a stereoscopic image 6 of the reconstructed space in front of the light screen.
- the accuracy of the stereo image that can be displayed by one recording unit R is mainly determined by the density of the light sieve dot matrix.
- the accuracy of the stereo image is worse. The opposite is true.
- the density of each light screen lattice is the same, respectively:
- G1 (2, 2)
- G2 (2, .2)
- G3 (2, 2)
- G4 (2, 2)
- phase of each light screen lattice is different, respectively: PHI (2, 2) PH2(1, 2) PH3(1, 1) PH4(2, 1)
- phase light maps B are obtained:
- the PC host displays the four recording units R in the screen HR by the dual-screen card at high speed according to the arrangement number, that is, the light screening map B of the four recording units R and the continuous parallax map W are arranged.
- the serial numbers are synchronously displayed on the light screen and the image screen at high speed.
- the PC host displays the m recording units R in each screen HR by the dual-screen card at high speed according to the arrangement number, that is, the light screening map B of the m recording units R and the continuous parallax map W are synchronized according to the arrangement number.
- the ground is displayed on the light screen and the image screen at high speed.
- the high-speed display time is 0.1/m seconds, the residual visual effect of the human eye can be used. The viewer can see the high-precision dynamic stereo image in front of the light screen. .
- phase square and arrangement number P are arranged as follows:
- the 16 recording units R are converted into the body image according to the arrangement number P from 1 to 16, and then On the light screen, oblique markings from the upper left to the lower right caused by the illusion of the eye may appear.
- the arrangement number P of the recording unit R is randomly arranged out of order:
- the light screen is a raster diagram of only vertical lines obtained by controlling the screen to open the screen holes in a vertical line.
- the conversion of the image in the X direction can be considered in the projection calculation of FIG. 5, without calculating and recording the Y-direction up-conversion, thereby Double the computational effort.
- phase ffl3(2, 0) of the third raster lattice, the continuous parallax map W3, the light sieve map B3, and the recording unit R3 are obtained;
- phase PH5 (4, 0) of the fifth raster lattice is calculated, and the continuous parallax map W5 and the light sieve map B5 are calculated to obtain the recording unit R5.
- the five recording units R are displayed at high speed according to the arrangement number, that is, the light screen image B of the five recording units R and the continuous parallax map W are respectively displayed on the light screen and the image screen in synchronization with the arrangement number, respectively, when each recording unit
- the R high-speed display time is 0.02 (0. 1/5) seconds
- the stereoscopic images generated by the five recording units R complement each other with the residual visual effect of the eyes, and the viewer can see the accuracy improvement in front of the light screen. 5x stereo image.
- the present invention can be preferably implemented.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
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- Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
Description
裸眼可视液 ^快门光筛立体图像显示装置及其显示方法 技术领域
本发明涉及自动立体成像显示技术领域 (Autostereoscopic Displas ) , 具体是指裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像 示装置及其显示方法。
背景技术
一百多年前照相技术出现后, 人们就创造出利用两个照相机模仿人的左右 眼对同一景物同时拍照, 得到两幅具有左右眼视觉差异的相片, 分别称为左眼 图和右眼图。 然后通过一个观景器将人的左右眼分隔幵, 让左眼只能看到左眼 图, 让右眼只能看到右眼图, 通过大脑的综合后就会令观看者眼前出现一幅立 体图像。 这一方法成为现代产生立体图像的最基本原理。
立体成像的方法与原理有多种, 例如: 人们用两台摄影机模仿人的左右眼 对同一景物同时拍摄电影, 然后把两部电影同步放映在一个银幕上, 观众只要 戴上特殊的偏振光眼镜, 就可以看到立体电影; 在电视机或电脑的显示器上令 电子扫瞄线的奇数行显示左眼图, 偶数行显示右眼图, 观众戴上一个光闹眼镜, 让左眼镜片同步于奇数行打开, 让右眼镜片同步于偶数行打开就可以看到立体 图像; 还有一种让观看者戴上头盔式的眼镜, 左右镜片各是一个微型显示器, 左边放映左眼图, 右边放映右眼图, 因此会使人感觉如同进入一个有立体感的 虚拟环境之中。 最近十几年, 还新出現了一种称为裸眼可视立体图像显示法。 就是不用配戴特殊的工具 (例如上述的眼镜和头盔) 就可以观看到立体图像。 裸眼可视立体图像显示方法中的基本原理是利用一张特殊的图片, 在这张特殊 的图片上所有奇数线列用来表示一幅右眼图, 所有偶数线列用来表示一幅左眼 图, 在某个设定的位置上透过光栅, 右眼正好能看到图上的所有奇数行列, 左 眼正好能看到图上的所有偶数行列, 也即是右眼正好看到右眼图、 左眼正好看 到左眼图, 这样我们就能够直观地看到一个立体图像。
¾ Okoshi, T. 1976. Three-dimensional imaging techniques. New York : Academic Press一书中, 详细论述了目前为止所有的立体成像的方法和原理。 除了激光全息法外, 上述各种立体成像方法都是基于对景物进行摄影或进行透 视投影得到一对或多对左右眼视差图的基础上, 制作出各种类戴眼镜和不用带 眼镜就能看到的立体图像, 其存在着一个共同的致命缺点: 由于人体左右眼是 分别观看左眼图、 右眼图, 因此立体电影和立体图像不能长时间观看, 否则会
使眼睛产生生理性疲劳而受到伤害。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点和不足, 提供可以产生不用配 戴特殊眼镜或头盔就可以观看到浮现在屏幕上的立体图像, 观看者可以自由移 动, 从不同的方向上可以看到立体图像的不同侧面, 不会引起眼睛疲劳的裸眼 可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示装置。
本发明的目的还在于提供裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示方法。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现: 本裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像 显示装置, 包括 PC主机、 图像屏, 所述 PC主机内设置有双屏卡, 图像屏前方 设置有光筛屏, 图像屏和光筛屏分别与双屏卡相连接。
为了更好地实现本发明, 所述图像屏是各种电视机显示器或电脑的监视器, 包括 CRT、 LCD, PDP、 ELD、 FED, 它们是自发光或具有光照明系统。
所述双屏卡是电脑图形处理卡, 能同时把两帧图形分别显示在两台显示器 或监视器上。
所述光筛屏包括黑白液晶面板、 光筛板, 所述光筛板安装在黑白液晶面板 上, 光筛板是设置有光筛孔的薄板, 光筛孔成平面点阵排列, 且与黑白液晶面 板上的点素位置一一对应, 光筛孔以外的光筛板板面为黑色不透光板面。 光线 只能在光筛孔上透过, 构成一个液晶快门^ I筛屏。
所述光筛板的小孔直径为 0. 25〜0. 5mm。小孔成像时, 小孔的直径不能小于 0. 1皿, 否则光线在透过小孔时发生衍射会使图形变得模糊不清, 相反小孔直径 太大就会产生散射现象也会使图形变得模糊不清, 实验证明小孔直径在 0. 2〜 0. 5mm效果最好。小型液晶面板的光点大小为 0. 264mm或 0. 297mm尚可利用, 但 是大型液晶面板 (40inch以上)光点直径都在 1mm左右甚至更大, 利用这样大的 光点来复现立体图像效果将会很差。 使用光筛板控制小孔直径在 0. 25〜0. 5mm 对于大型屏幕将会有良好的效果。
所述光筛板的厚度为 0. 1〜1. 0皿。 使用比较厚的光筛板, 令小孔成管状, 将会进一步降低图像的背景散射光, 使图像更加清晰。
本裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示方法, 其步骤包括:
( 1 ) 通过三维物体扫描仪器或人工设计, 获取立体图像的三维模型数据, 并输入 PC主机中的双屏卡, 所述立体图像的三维模型数据包括表示物体表面形 状的所有点的三维坐标及其颜色、 灰度;
(2) 在 PC主机内的双屏卡中输入光筛数据, 所述光筛数据包括光筛点阵 的密度、 光筛点阵的相位, 控制光筛屏打开相应于所述光筛数据的光筛孔, 得 到光筛图 B, 然后 PC主机采用区域投影法, 把上述立体图像分区间计算并记录 下来, 得到连续视差图像数据, PC主机再对连续视差图像数据进行图形处理后, 得到连续视差图 W,所述光筛图 B和连续视差图 W组成所述立体图像的记录单元 R;
( 3 ) PC主机通过双屏卡同步地把记录单元中的光筛图和连续视差图分别显 示在光筛屏和图像屏上, 当图像屏上的连续视差图发出的光线透过光筛屏上的 光筛孔映射出来时, 观看者在光筛屏前面就可以看到复现在空间的立体图像。
为更好地实现本发明, 所述三维物体扫描仪器包括激光三维物体扫描器、 医疗设备 X-CT、 RMI、 B超声波仪、 工程测量仪器, 所述人工设计是指使用图形 处理软件包括 3DS MAX, MAYA进行立体图像制作。
所述区域投影法就是相对光筛屏上打开的光筛孔, PC主机在图像屏上划分 出记录区间, 在光筛屏前方划分出相应的摄影区间, 所述记录区间是以光筛屏 上打开的光筛孔为中心, 在图像屏上以打开的相邻光筛孔的间距为宽度划定的 矩形, 所述摄影区间是指处在光筛屏上打开的光筛孔前方, 以光筛孔为顶点的 四方锥形空间, 处于摄影区间内的立体图像的三维模型数据点都能透过光筛孔 投影在相应的记录区间里, PC主机逐点计算每个三维模型数据点穿过光筛孔后 在图像屏的投影点参数, 并记录下投影点的座标 (Xb, Yb)及其对应的颜色 Col、 灰度 L, 从而把上述立体图像分区间记录下来, 得到连续视差图像数据 W[Xb, Yb, L, Col
所述投影点的座标 Xb为: Xb=Xi- (Xa- Xi) *Z0/ (Za- Z0), 其中, Xa是三维模 型数据点的 X坐标, Xi是编号 i的光筛孔的 X坐标, Za是三维模型錄据点到图 像屏的距离, Z0是光筛屏和图像屏之间的距离, Xb是 Xa在图像屏上的 X坐标; 所述投影点的座标 Yb为: Yb=Yi- (Ya- Yi) *Z0/ (Za- Z0), 其中, Ya是三维模型数 据点的 Y坐标, Yi是编号 i的光筛孔的 Y坐标, Za是三维模型数据点到图像屏 的距离, Z0是光筛屏和图像屏之间的距离, Yb是 Ya在图像屏上的 Y坐标。
所述光筛点阵的密度用 G (M, N)来表示, 其中, M表示点阵在 X方向上的 点间相隔的点素数目, N表示点阵在 Y方向上的点间相隔的点素数目, 光筛点阵 的密度不同, 光筛图也就不相同, 依据不同光筛点阵的密度, 光筛图计算出来 的连续视差图也就不相同; 所述光筛点阵的相位用 ra (i, J)来表示, 其中, 工
表示点阵在 x方向上的点阵整体被平移的距离, J表示点阵在 Y方向上的点阵被 整体平移的距离。平移距离是用点素数目表示, 例如点阵整体向 X方向平移了 5 个点素的距离时, 1=5, 点阵整体向 Y方向平移了 5个点素的距离时, J=5。
如果仅使用一个记录单元来复现的立体图像, 观看者只能看到由一个光筛 点阵形成的一个立体图像, 立体图像的精度在很大程度上为光筛点阵的密度所 制约。 例如, 面对密度 G(5, 0) 的光筛屏, 对精度 1024X768的 LCD而言, 我 们只能看到一幅画面水平精度为 205 线 (1024/5二 205) 的立体图像。 显然这是 不能令人满意。
为了提高立体图像的精度, 所述步骤 (2) 和 (3) 中, 运用多组记录显示 法显示立体图像,所述多组记录显示法是指用 m个记录单元 R组成一个画面 HR, 每个记录单元 R的光筛点阵相位互不同, 且 m个不同相位的光筛点阵重合时, 其光筛点正好能布满光筛屏上所有光筛孔, PC主机通过双屏卡将一个画面 HR中 m个记录单元 R按照排列序号高速显示,即 m个记录单元 R的光筛图 B和连续视 差图 W按照排列序号同步地分别高速显示在光筛屏和图像屏上, 观看者在光筛 屏前面就可以看到的高精度的立体图像。
画面 HR为多个且各不相同时, PC主机通过双屏卡将各个画面 HR中 m个记 录单元 R按照排列序号高速显示,即 m个记录单元 R的光筛图 B和连续视差图 W 按照排列序号同步地分别高速显示在光筛屏和图像屏上, 观看者在光筛屏前面 就可以看到高精度的动态立体图像。
利用人眼睛的残留视觉效应,要求所述每一个画面 HR高速显示的时间 0.1 秒, 也就是所述每个记录单元 R高速显示的时间 0.1/m秒, 人们才会感觉立体 图像是完整清晰的。
例如, 对于精度为 1024X768的 LCD而言, 仅利用 1个记录单元 R (其光筛 点阵的密度 G (5, 0) 、 光筛点阵的相位 PH (0, 0) , 只能看到一幅画面精度 为 205X768 (1024/5=205)的立体图像; 如果一个画面 HR中有 HF=5个记录单元 R, 其光筛点阵的密度都为 G (5, 0) , 光筛点阵的相位却分别为 PH (0, 0) 、 PH (1, 0) 、 PH (2, 0) 、 PH (3, 0) 、 PH (4, 0) 、 PH (5, 0) , 当每个记 录单元 R高速显示的时间 0.02 (0.1/5) 秒时, 则 5个光筛图 B和 5个连续视 差图 W相互补充, 观看者在光筛屏前面就可以看到一个精度被提高了的 5倍立 体图像, 其立体图像的精度将从 205X768提高到 1024X768。
所述记录单元 R为多个且各个记录单元 R的光筛点阵的相位不同时, 需把
各个记录单元 R 的排列序号进行随机无序排列, 并按随机无序排列后的新排列 序号来显示各个记录单元 R,从而克服由于眼睛错觉产生的画面出现斜纹干扰现 象。
所述光筛图可以是只有垂直线列的光栅图, 其通过控制光筛屏按垂直线列 打幵光筛孔而得到。 考虑到人们的眼睛主要是依靠水平方向的视觉差异来产生 立体视觉, 可以仅考虑图像在水平方向上的转换, 而不处理垂直方向上转换, 从而可以成倍地减少图像数据处理的工作量。
本发明与现有技术相比, 具有如下优点和有益效果-
( 1 )本装置产生的立体图像是一种具有阔视野、 无需戴特殊眼镜、 可以多 人同时观看、 具有高解像度的立体图像;
(2 )本装置产生的立体图像是一种观看者从不同的角度上可以看到不同侧 面形象的图像;
(3 )本装置产生的立体图像能让观看者在观看时如同观看实物一样, 眼睛 的会聚角和焦距是自然配合的, 不会引起眼睛疲劳和带来不舒服的感觉;
(4)本装置所显示的立体图像可以制成一种多人共同参与, 人机互动协同 操作的显示场景, 可以制成一种布景让演员和观众共处的虚拟真实环境;
(5)本装置可以应用于广告和娱乐场所、 电子游戏机和立体电视, 还可以 用于科学研究、 医学观察、 工程探测等广泛领域。
附图'说明
图 1是本发明裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示装置的结构示意图; 图 2是图 1所示液晶快门光筛屏的结构示意图;
图 3 (a)、 (b)、 (c)、 (d)是液晶快门光筛屏工作原理图;
图 4 (a)、 (b)是区域投影法的原理图;
图 5是投影点坐标的计算原理图;
图 6是区域投影法的算法流程图;
图 7是复现立体图像的原理图;
图 8是产生多个记录单元的算法流程图;
图 9 (a)、 (b)、 (c)、 (d)是分别 4个记录单元的光筛图和连续视差图, ( e ) 是高速交替显示的视觉效果示意图;
图 10是把多个记录单元转换成立体图像且消除斜纹干扰的算法流程图; 图 11由光筛转变为光栅的示意图。
具体实施方式 _
下面结合实施例及附图, 对本发明作进一步地详细说明, 但本发明的实施 方式不限于此。
实施例一
如图 1所示, 本裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示装置, 包括 PC主机 1、 图像屏 2, PC主机 1内设置有双屏卡, 图像屏 2前方设置有光筛屏 3, 图像屏 2 和光筛屏 3分别与双屏卡相连接; 图像屏 2是各种电视机显示器或电脑的监视 器, 包括 CRT、 LCD, PDP、 ELD、 FED, 它们是自发光或具有光照明系统; 双屏卡 是通用的电脑图形处理卡, 能同时把两帧图形分别显示在光筛屏和图像屏上。
如图 2所示, 光筛屏 3包括黑白液晶面板 4、 光筛板 5, 光筛板 5安装在黑 白液晶面板 4上, 光筛板 5是设置有光筛孔的薄板, 光筛孔成平面点阵排列, 且与黑白液晶面板上的点素位置一一对应, 也就是如果黑白液晶屏上的点素是 1024 X 768时, 光筛屏上的小孔也是 1024X 768互相一一对正。光筛孔以外的光 筛板板面为黑色不透光板面, 光线只能在光筛孔上透过, 可以控制黑白液晶面 板上的点素透光、 或不透光来控制光筛板上的小孔透光或不透光, 构成一个液 晶快门光筛屏。光筛板的小孔直径为 0. 25〜0. 5画,光筛板的厚度为 0. 1〜1. 0腿。
实施例二
本裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示装置的立体图像显示方法, 其步骤 包括:
( 1 ) 通过三维物体扫描仪器或人工设计, 获取立体图像的三维模型数据, 并输入 PC主机中的双屏卡, 三维物体扫描仪器包括激光三维物体扫描器、 医疗 设备 X- CT、 履 I、 B超声波仪、 工程测量仪器, 人工设计是指使用图形处理软件 包括 3DS MAX, MAYA进行立体图像制作, 立体图像的三维模型数据包括表示物 体表面形状的所有点的三维坐标及其颜色、 灰度;
(2) 在 PC主机内的双屏卡中输入光筛数据 B [G (M, N), PH (I, J) ], 控制 液晶快门光筛屏打开相应于光筛数据的光筛孔, 得到光筛图 B, 然后 PC主机采 用区域投影法, 把上述立体图像分区间计算并记录下来, 得到连续视差图像数 据 W[Xb, Yb, L, Col] , PC主机再对连续视差图像数据 W[Xb, Yb, L, Col]进行 图形处理后, 得到连续视差图 W, 光筛图 B和连续视差图 W组成立体图像的记录 单元 R, 记为 R{W[Xb, Yb, L, Col] , B[ G (M, N)、 PH (I , J) ] } ;
光筛数据 B[G (M, N), PH (I, J) ]包括光筛点阵的密度 G (M, N) 、 光筛点
阵的相位 ra (i, J) , 其中, M表示点阵在 X方向上的点间相隔的点素数目, N表 示点阵在 Y方向上的点间相隔的点素数目,工表示在 X方向上点阵整体被平移的 点素数目, J表示在 Y方向上点阵被整体平移的点素数目。
图 3 (a)表示黑白液晶面板全部打开时光筛屏的情形, 此时小孔全部透光, 透光点间的距离左右上下都是^ 取 d=lram, 其光筛点阵的密度为 G (l, 1), 光 筛点阵的相位为 PH(0, 0) ; 图 3 (b)表示黑白液晶面板每隔 3个点打开时光筛 屏的情形, 此时只有 1/16的小孔透光, 透光点间的距离左右上下都是 4mm, 其 光筛点阵的密度为 G (3, 3) , 光筛点阵的相位为 PH(0, 0) ; 图 3 (c) 表示黑白 液晶面板也是每隔 3个点打开时光筛屏的情形, 透光点间的距离左右上下都是 3画, 但是透光点阵被整体向右方平移了距离 lmm, 光筛点阵的密度为 G (3, 3), 光筛点阵的相位为 PH (1, 0) ; 图 3 (d) 表示黑白液晶面板也是每隔 3个点打 开时光筛屏的情形, 透光点间的距离左右上下都是 3讓, 但是透光点阵被整体向 右方平移了距离 1腿和向下方平移了 1匿, 光筛点阵的密度表示为 G (3, 3) , 光 筛点阵的相位为 PH (0, D o
如图 4 (a) 所示, 把一个立体图像 6·透过光筛屏 5的一个光筛孔投影到图 像屏 2上, 类似照相法, 光筛屏 5上每个光筛孔类似一个照相机镜头, 普通照 相是面对着物体来摄取, 而区域投影法则是从背面来摄取。 但是如果不加限制 地把立体图像对着每个光筛孔进行投影, 投影图将会在图像屏 2上互相重叠, 不能产生正确的图像。
如图 4 (b)所示, 区域投影法就是相对光筛屏上打开的光筛孔, PC主机在 图像屏 2上划分出记录区间 a、 b、 c, d、 e、 f…… , 在光筛屏 5前方划分出相 应的摄影区间 A、 B、 C、 D、 E、 F……, 记录区间是以光筛屏上打幵的光筛孔为 中心, 在图像屏上以打开的相邻光筛孔的间距为宽度划定的矩形, 摄影区间是 指处在光筛屏上打开的光筛孔前方, 以光筛孔为顶点的四方锥形空间, 处于摄 影区间内的立体图像 6 的三维模型数据点都能透过光筛孔投影在相应的记录区 间里, PC主机逐点计算每个三维模型数据点穿过光筛孔后在图像屏 2的投影点 参数, 并记录下投影点的座标 (Xb、 Yb)及其对应的颜色 Col、 灰度 L, 从而把上 述立体图像分区间记录下来, 得到连续视差图像数据 W[Xb, Yb, L, Col] 0
如图 5 中的 (a) 、 (b) 所示, 是投影点的座标 (Xb、 Yb)的计算原理为: 首先假定空间中有一个光点 A, A光点产生在图像屏上的投影点的 Xb值可以由 下方程式表示: Xb^X3- (Xa- X3) *Z0/ (Za- Z0), 其中:
Xa: 点 A的 X坐标;
X3: 编号 3的小孔的 X坐标;
Za: 点 A到图像屏的距离;
Z0: 光筛屏和图像屏之间的距离;
Xb: Xa在图像屏上的 X坐标。
同理, A 光点产生在图像屏上的投影点的 Yb 值可以由下方程式表示: Yb=Y3- (Ya-Y3) *Z0/ (Za-ZO)
Ya: 点 A的 Y坐标;
Y3: 编号 3的小孔的 Y坐标;
Za: 点 A到图像屏的距离; .
Z0: 光筛屏和图像屏之间的距离;
Yb: Ya在图像屏上的 Y坐标。
图 6是区域投影法的算法流程图。 一个立体图像的表面可以用很多代表点 来表示, 把每个点依照图 6 的计算方法计算出记录区上的投影点坐标 (Xb、 Yb) 和计算这个点的灰度 L、 颜色 Col , 最后得到一组关于整个立体图像的连续视差 图像数据 W[Xb, Yb, L, Col] , 从而记录单元 R记为 - R {W[Xb, Yb, L, Col] , B [G (M, N)、 PH (I, J) ] }
(3 )如图 7所示, 把一个记录单元 k输入 PC主机, 通过双屏卡把记录单 元 R中的连续视差图像数据 W转为出一幅连续视差图 W显示在图像屏 2上, 把 记录单元中光筛数据 B转变为一幅光筛图 B显示在光筛屏 3上, 图像屏 2的光 源 7把记录区^ b、 c、 d、 e、 f 的图像透过光筛屏 3上的光筛孔映射到光筛屏 前的空间中, 观看者 8在光筛屏前面就可以看到一个复现在空间的立体图像 6。
一个记录单元 R所能显示的立体图像的精度主要决定于光筛点阵的密度, G (M, N) 中的数字 M和 N越大, 光筛点阵的密度就越小, 复现的立体图像的精 度越差。 相反则反之。
为提高立体图像的精度, 需运用多组记录显示法显示立体图像。 如图 8所 示, 在 PC主机中的双屏卡中, 通过设定 m个相位不同的光筛点阵而产生 m个记 ' 录单元 R, 例如 : 取 m=4产生 4个记录单元 R, 各个光筛点阵的密度是相同的, 分别是:
G1 (2, 2) G2 (2, .2) G3 (2, 2) G4 (2, 2)
但是各个光筛点阵的相位是不相同, 分别为:
PHI (2, 2) PH2(1, 2) PH3(1, 1) PH4(2, 1)
从而得出 4个相位不同光筛图 B:
B1[G 1(2, 2)、 PHI (2, 2)]
B2[G 2(2, 2)、 PH2(1, 2)]
B3[G 3(2, 2)、 PH3(1, 1)]
B4[G 4(2, 2)、 PH4(2, 1)]
对应 4个光筛图得出 4个相应的连续视差图 W:
W1[X, Y, L, Col]
W2[X, Y, L, Col]
W3[X, Y, L, Col]
W4[X, Y, L, Col] .
如图 9中的 (a)、 (b)、 (c)、 (d)所示, 4个光筛图 B和 4个连续视差图 W分 别组成 4个记录单元 R, 4个记录单元 R组成 1个画面记录 HR, 其包括:
记录 Rl {W1[X, Y, L, Col], B1[G1(2, 2)、 PHI (2, 2)]}
记录 R2 {W2[X, Υ, L, Col], B2 [G2 (2, 2)、 PH2(1, 2)]}
记录 R3 {W3[X, Υ, L, Col], B3 [G3 (2, 2)、 PH3(1, 1)]}
记录 R4{W4[X, Υ, L, Col]. B4[G4(2, 2)、 PH4 (2, 1)]}
如图 9中的(e)所示, PC主机通过双屏卡将画面 HR中 4个记录单元 R按照 排列序号高速显示, 即 4个记录单元 R的光筛图 B和连续视差图 W按照排列序 号同步地分别高速显示在光筛屏和图像屏上, 当每个记录单元 R高速显示的时 间 0.025 (0.1/4)秒时, 利用眼睛的残留视觉效应, 4个记录单元 R生成的立 体图像互相补充, 观看者就可以在光筛屏前面看到精度提高 4倍的立体图像。
若画面 HR为多个, PC主机通过双屏卡将各个画面 HR中的 m个记录单元 R 按照排列序号高速显示, 即 m个记录单元 R的光筛图 B和连续视差图 W按照排 列序号同步地分别高速显示在光筛屏和图像屏上, 高速显示的时间 0.1/m秒 时, 利用人眼睛的残留视觉效应, 观看者在光筛屏前面就可.以看到高精度的动 态立体图像。
在产生光筛相位不同的多个记录单元 R时, 为设计方便起见, 总是把它们 之间的相位按方阵来排列。 例如: 使用 16个不同相位的光筛点阵时, 它们的相 位方阵和排列序号 P排列成如下: .
1 PH(0, 0) 2 PH(0, 1) 3 PH(0, 2) 4 PH(0, 3)
5 PH(1, 0) 6 PH(1, 1) 7 PH(1, 2) 8 PH(1, 3) 9 PH(2, 0) 10 PH(2, 1) 11 PH(2, 2) 12 PH(2, 3)
13 PH(3, 0) 14 PH(3, 1) 15 PH(3, 2) 16 PH(3, 3)
当把光筛图 B和连续视差图 W按照排列序号同步地分别高速显示在光筛屏 和图像屏上, 16个记录单元 R按排列序号 P从 1到 16转换成立体图像的时候, 就会在光筛屏上会出现眼睛错觉引起的由左上方向右下方进动的斜形斑纹。
为了克服这种干扰现象, 如图 10所示, 要把记录单元 R的排列序号 P进行 随机无序排列 :·
显示序号 N: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
原排列序号 P: l 12 2 11 3 10 4 9 5 16 6. 15 7 10 8 9 把随机无序排列后的 16个记录单元 R中的光筛图 B和连续视差图 W按显示 顺序 N 同步地分别高速显示在光筛屏和图像屏上时, 就可以克服眼睛错觉产生 的斜紋干扰现象。
如图 11所示, 光筛图是通过控制光筛屏按垂直线列打开光筛孔而得到的只 有垂直线列的光栅图。 当考虑到人们的眼睛主要是依靠水平方向的视觉差异来 产生立体视觉时, 可以在图 5的投影计算中仅考虑图像在 X方向上的转换, 而 不计算和记录 Y方向上转换, 从而可以成倍地减少计算工作量。
例如: 取 m=5产生 5个记录单元, 且后一个光栅和前一个光栅相比, 光栅 线整体被向右水平移动了 1个光筛孔的距离。
第 1个光栅点阵的相位 rai(o, 0), 计算得到连续视差图 wi、 光筛图 BI、 得到记录单元 R1;
第 2个光栅点阵的相位 PH2(1, 0), 计算得到连续视差图 W2、 光筛图 B2、 得到记录单元 R2;
第 3个光栅点阵的相位 ffl3(2, 0), 计算得到连续视差图 W3、 光筛图 B3、 得到记录单元 R3;
第 4个光栅点阵的相位 PH4 (3, 0), 计算得到连续视差图 W4、 光筛图 B4、 得到记录单元 R4;
第 5个光栅点阵的相位 PH5 (4, 0), 计算得到连续视差图 W5、 光筛图 B5、 得到记录单元 R5。
从而得到组成 1个画面 HR的 5个记录单元, PC主机通过双屏卡将画面 HR
中 5个记录单元 R按照排列序号高速显示, 即 5个记录单元 R的光筛图 B和连 续视差图 W按照排列序号同步地分别高速显示在光筛屏和图像屏上, 当每个记 录单元 R高速显示的时间 0. 02 ( 0. 1/5 ) 秒时, 利用眼睛的残留视觉效应, 5 个记录单元 R生成的立体图像互相补充, 观看者就可以在光筛屏前面看到精度 提高 5倍的立体图像。
如上所述, 便可较好地实现本发明。
Claims
1、 裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示装置, 包括 PC主机、 图像屏, 其 特征在于: 所述 PC主机内设置有双屏卡, 图像屏前方设置有光筛屏, 图像屏和 光筛屏分别与双屏卡相连接。
2、 按权利要求 1所述裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示装置, 其特征在 于:所述图像屏是各种电视机显示器或电脑的监视器,包括 CRT、 LCD, PDP、 ELD、
3、 按权利要求 1所述裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示装置, 其特征在 于: 所述光筛屏包括黑白液晶面板、 光筛板, 所述光筛板安装在黑白液晶面板 上, 光筛板是设置有光筛孔的薄板, 光筛孔成平面点阵排列, 且与黑白液晶面 板上的点素位置一一对应, 光筛孔以外的光筛板板面为黑色不透光板面。
4、 采用权利要求 1所述裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示装置的裸眼可 视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示方法, 其特征在于包括如下步骤:
( 1 )通过三维物体扫描仪器或人工设计, 获取立体图像的三维模型数据, 并输入 PC主机中的双屏卡, 所述立体图像的三维模型数据包括表示物体表面形 状的所有点的三维坐标及其颜色、 灰度;
(2) 在 PC主机内的双屏卡中输入光筛数据, 所述光筛数据包括光筛点阵 的密度、 光筛点阵的相位, 控制光筛屏打开相应于所述光筛数据的光筛孔, 得 到光筛图 B, 然后 PC主机釆用区域投影法, 把上述立体图像分区间计算并记录 下来, 得到视差图像数据, PC主机再对视差图像数据进行图形处理后, 得到连 续视差图 W, 所述光筛图 B和连续视差图 W组成所述立体图像的记录单元 R;
( 3) PC主机通过双屏卡同步地把记录单元中的光筛图和连续视差图分别显 示在光筛屏和图像屏上, 当图像屏上的连续视差图发出的光线透过光筛屏上的 光筛孔映射出来时, 观看者在光筛屏前面就可以看到复现在空间的立体图像。
5、 按权利要求 4所述裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示方法, 其特征在 于: 所述三维物体扫描仪器包括激光三维物体扫描器、 医疗设备 X- CT、 RMI、 B 超声波仪、 工程测量仪器, 所述人工设计是指使用图形处理软件包括 3DS MAX, MAYA进行立体图像制作。
6、 按权利要求 4所述裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示方法, 其特征在 于: 所述区域投影法就是相对光筛屏上打开的光筛孔, PC主机在图像屏上划分
出记录区间, 在光筛屏前方划分出相应的摄影区间, 所述记录区间是以光筛屏 上打开的光筛孔为中心, 在图像屏上以打开的相邻光筛孔的间距为宽度划定的 矩形, 所述摄影区间是指处在光筛屏上打开的光筛孔前方, 以光筛孔为顶点的 四方锥形空间, 处于摄影区间内的立体图像的三维模型数据点都能透过光筛孔 投影在相应的记录区间里, PC主机逐点计算每个三维模型数据点穿过光筛孔后 在图像屏的投影点参数, 并记录下投影点的座标 (Xb, Yb)及其对应的颜色 Col、 灰度 L, 从而把上述立体图像分区间记录下来, 得到视差图像数据 W[Xb, Yb, L, Col]。
7、 按权利要求 6所述裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示方法, 其特征在 于: 所述投影点的座标 Xb为: Xb=Xi- (Xa- Xi) *Z0/ (Za- Z0), 其中, Xa是三维模 型数据点的 X坐标, Xi是编号 i的光筛孔的 X坐标, Za是三维模型数据点到图 像屏的距离, Z0是光筛屏和图像屏之间的距离, Xb是 Xa在图像屏上的 X坐标; 所述投影点的座标 Yb为: Yb=Yi- (Ya-Yi) *Z0/ (Za- Z0), 其中, Ya是三维模型数 据点的 Y坐标, Yi是编号 i的光筛孔的 Y坐标, Za是三维模型数据点到图像屏 的距离, Z0是光筛屏和图像屏之间的距离, Yb是 Ya在图像屏上的 Y坐标。
8、 按权利要求 4所述裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示方法, 其特征在 于: 所述步骤 (2 ) 和 (3) 中, 运用多组记录显示法显示立体图像, 所述多组- 记录显示法是指用 m个记录单元 R组成一个画面 HR, 每个记录单元 R的光筛点 阵相位互不同, 且 m个不同相位的光筛点阵重合时, 其光筛点正好能布满光筛 屏上所有光筛孔, PC主机通过双屏卡将一个画面 HR中 m个记录单元 R按照排列 序号高速显示, 即 m个记录单元 R的光筛图 B和连续视差图 W按照排列序号同 步地分别高速显示在光筛屏和图像屏上, 观看者在光筛屏前面就可以看到的高 精度的立体图像; 画面 HR为多个且各不相同时, PC主机通过双屏卡将各个画面 HR中 m个记录单元 R按照排列序号高速显示, 即 m个记录单元 R的光筛图 B和 连续视差图 W按照排列序号同步地分别高速显示在光筛屏和图像屏上, 观看者 在光筛屏前面就可以看到高精度的动态立体图像; 所述每个记录单元 R高速显 示的时间 0. 1/m秒。
9、 按权利要求 4〜8任一项所述裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示方法, 其特征在于: 所述记录单元 R为多个且各个记录单元 R的光筛点阵的相位不同 时, 把各个记录单元 R 的排列序号进行随机无序排列, 并按随机无序排列后的 新排列序号来显示各个记录单元 R。
10、 按权利要求 4〜9 任一项所述裸眼可视液晶快门光筛立体图像显示方 法, 其特征在于: 所述光筛图是通过控制光筛屏按垂直线列打开光筛孔而得到 的只有垂直线列的光栅图。
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CN103150756A (zh) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-06-12 | 林善红 | 数字城市3d主动立体展示系统及其制作方法 |
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CN114520905B (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2024-04-19 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 图像处理方法、图像显示方法及图像显示系统 |
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- 2007-01-25 US US12/066,831 patent/US8248459B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-01-25 WO PCT/CN2007/000279 patent/WO2007085194A1/zh active Application Filing
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US20080259156A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
CN100374907C (zh) | 2008-03-12 |
JP2009524087A (ja) | 2009-06-25 |
US8248459B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
CN1808210A (zh) | 2006-07-26 |
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