Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/22—Piles
  • E02D5/52—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/22—Piles
  • E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
  • E02D5/30—Prefabricated piles made of concrete or reinforced concrete or made of steel and concrete
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/72—Pile shoes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the point structure of a pile of reinforced concrete defined in the preamble of claim 1.
• the splice has only been made to be sufficiently tight so that it appropriately extends and stays in place at the end of the pile.
• the said extension structure is not, however, applicable to the end of the pile and it does not contribute to controlling the forces which tend to break the end of the pile when it is being driven into the ground.
• the object of the invention is to remove the above-mentioned disadvantages .
• the purpose of the present invention is to present a new kind of point structure of a pile of reinforced concrete, with which the stresses directed towards the point of the pile can be controlled and guided so that the breaking of the point of the pile when being hit can be avoided.
• a point structure of a pile of reinforced concrete according to the present invention is characterized in Claim 1.
• a point structure of a pile of reinforced concrete according to the present invention is provided with a domed point of a pile at the end of the pile, made of steel and having a bottom and a circulating edge, installed afterwards outside of the point of the pile.
• an equalizer of forces is provided that is organized to distribute evenly the effect of the impact force between the end of the pile and the bottom of the point of the pile in the area of the end of the pile. Roughness of various kinds may be found in the cut end of the pile. When the cut has been made on site, the cut surface is seldom perfectly smooth.
• the pile impacts the bot- torn of the point of the pile unevenly which easily breaks either the concrete head of the pile or the point of the pile or even both.
• the equalizer between the bottom and the pile prevents the breakage and equalizes and guides the occurring impact forces as a homogenous impact on the entire surface area of the point of the pile.
• a preferable and easy as well as simple solution for the equalizer is sand or clay or a layer of mass of equivalent substance, which forms itself be- tween the point of the pile and the end of the pile. If this layer is sufficiently thick it will eliminate the roughness at the end of the pile.
• the thickness of the layer of mass can be for example around 2 - 5 cm.
• the equalizer can be a board made of a substance that is softer than concrete and steel, such as rubber, plastic or a firm board made of a wood-based substance. Although such a board would have even thickness in free form, it will adjust itself under pressure between the pile and the point of the pile, functioning essentially in the same way as the layer of mass described above.
• compression organs which have been organized to form a powerful transverse compression in the area of the point of the pile inside the domed point of pile when pushing the pile into the point of the pile.
• the compression organs according to the present invention are located symmetrically in relation to the centre axle of the pile, for example on opposite sides or most preferably evenly on each side of the pile when the piles to be used have a rectangular quadrangle cross section, such as a square.
• the compression surface of the compression organ is transverse in relation to the lengthwise direction, and oblong, essentially a surface circulating the pile, i.e. a flexible ridge with appropriate rigidity, which is pressed tightly into the casing of the pile.
• the compression and control of forces has been noted to be more efficient when the compression does not happen as an even surface in the entire area of the edge of the domed point of the pile, but rather only in a part of it, for example in oblong and essentially stripe-like compression loads appropriately surrounding or circulating the pile.
• the compression surface is under 50 %, for example 10 - 20 % of the inner surface of the edge of the point of the pile.
• the compression according to the present invention can be realized with separate compression organs installed inside the point of the pile, it has been found that a preferable and functioning solution is one in which the compression organ is formed by a form, bevel-walled protrusion, ridge or the like of the edge of the point of the pile, extending inwards , that partly gives way and presses outwards from its free form when the pile is being pushed inside the point of the pile.
• the point structure of a pile of reinforced concrete according to the invention has considerable advantages compared with prior art.
• the structure according to the present invention allows to efficiently control and guide the forces which impact the lower end of a reinforced concrete pile when it is being driven into the ground either mechanically or hydrau- lically. Efficient guiding and control of forces prevent the ends of piles from getting damaged even though they are only lightly reinforced.
• the present invention allows the use of left over cut bits of concrete piles to be used in piling, which has a great economic significance in piling operations.
• FIG. 1 shows a side projection of a reinforced concrete pile according to prior art, having a ground point
• Fig. 2 shows a side projection of a reinforced concrete pile according to prior art, having a rock point
• Fig. 3 shows a side projection of a cut reinforced concrete pile and of a point of the pile to be attached to it, according to the present invention
• Fig. 4 shows a side projection of the parts of Fig. 3 when they are placed touching each other.
• Fig. 5 shows a side projection of a cut reinforced concrete pile and of a second point of the pile to be attached to it, according to the present invention
• Fig. 6 shows a side projection of the parts of Fig. 5 when they are placed touching each other.
• Fig. 1 shows a reinforced concrete pile ac- cording to prior art, in which inside the concrete 10 there are vertical 11 and essentially horizontal 12 reinforcement steel bars.
• the steel bars are placed with varying density into the pile in zones a, b and c.
• Most of the steel 12 is in the lower end of the pile, i.e. zone a, which first penetrates the ground when the pile is being hit.
• zone a which first penetrates the ground when the pile is being hit.
• a domed point of the pile made of steel has been attached, which in Fig. 1 is a ground point 13.
• Fig. 2 shows a second reinforced concrete pile according to prior art. Its structure corresponds to the reinforced concrete pile in Fig. 1 with the distinction, however, that the ground point 13 has been replaced with a rock point 14, which apart from the domed structure has a downwards pointed steel cone 15 and at its point a steel pin 16. The rock point has also been attached to the end of the pile with extra vertical steel bars.
• Fig. 3 shows a cut reinforced concrete pile 7 in which the reinforcements 11 and 12 are evenly paced upwards from its cut end 8 in the entire length of the pile.
• the cut end 8 which is done in site conditions is not necessarily perfectly perpendicular in relation to the lengthwise direction of the pile and additionally it may have minor roughness. Because at the end of the cut pile, the quantity of steel bars 12 has not been increased as in the ends of uncut piles, it is clear that the cut end is more likely to split when it is being driven into the ground.
• a domed point of pile made of steel shown in the lower part of Fig. 3, has been developed, which in the present embodiment is a flat head ground point.
• the point of the pile is provided with a straight and level bottom 3 and edges 4 that rise up from it and which circulate around the entire bottom.
• a domed structure with closed sides and bottom, and open at the top.
• Flexible, spring-like functioning compression organs 5 have been formed on the edges 4, i.e. a part of the surface area of the edge boards has been bent to form inwards extending bulges or indents. These compression organs 5 are in each edge 4 of the quadrangle-shaped point of the pile 1.
• the inwards extensions of the compression organs 5 have been so dimensioned that the distance DI of the opposite compression organs from each other is smaller than the equivalent thickness D2 of the reinforced concrete pile. Furthermore, on top of the domed bottom 3 of the point of the pile 1 a sand layer 6 has been placed to function as an equalizer.
• the spring-like compression organs 5 partly give way and push outwards so that the pile, whose thickness D2 is bigger than the inner measurement of the dome DI, can push itself all the way to the bottom 3, i.e. all the way to the sand layer 6.
• a continuously pressing essen- tially circular force is focused on all the edges of the lower end of the reinforced concrete pile, that significantly decreases the sensitivity to beak of the end of the pile when driving the pile into the ground.
• the sand layer 6 between the maybe slightly uneven end of the pile and the bottom 3 of the point of the pile 1 evens out those impact forces which influence between the end of the pile, the bottom 3 and the ground.
• the effective powerful forces influence evenly the entire area of the concrete.
• the edge 4 of the point of the pile 2 is provided with three compression organs 5, placed sequentially in lengthwise direction, that are formed out of forms, such as folds or wave- like structures made in the edge of the steel plate 4.
• an equalizer 6 i.e. an equalizing layer of the effective forces, made of sand or other appropriate mass, which in its part dampens the impacts focusing on the end of the pile when piling. Furthermore, its purpose is also to even out the forces focusing on the end 8 of the reinforced concrete pile so that no point of the end 8 is impacted by a great point load that is clearly deviating from the rest of the surface area of the end, thus perhaps causing the splitting of the end of the pile.
• Fig. 3 - 6 show the best embodiments of the present invention but naturally the points of the piles according to the present invention are functioning also provided only with a dampening layer of mass without the spring-structured strong side compression.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)
• Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=35883827

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 2006
  • 2006-01-09 FI FI20060013A patent/FI20060013A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2007
  • 2007-01-09 EP EP07700260A patent/EP1971723B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2007-01-09 AT AT07700260T patent/ATE478993T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-01-09 WO PCT/FI2007/000005 patent/WO2007080216A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2007-01-09 AT AT07700259T patent/ATE513951T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-01-09 WO PCT/FI2007/000006 patent/WO2007080217A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2007-01-09 EP EP07700259A patent/EP1971722B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2007-01-09 DE DE602007008680T patent/DE602007008680D1/de active Active

Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events