WO2007078215A1 - Procede de fonctionnement d'un foyer cyclone et foyer cyclone associe - Google Patents

Procede de fonctionnement d'un foyer cyclone et foyer cyclone associe Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2007078215A1
WO2007078215A1 PCT/RU2006/000717 RU2006000717W WO2007078215A1 WO 2007078215 A1 WO2007078215 A1 WO 2007078215A1 RU 2006000717 W RU2006000717 W RU 2006000717W WO 2007078215 A1 WO2007078215 A1 WO 2007078215A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ash
combustion chamber
fuel
channel
zone
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2006/000717
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Felix Zalmanovich Finker
Igor Borisovich Kubyshkin
Original Assignee
Obschestvo S Ogranichenoy Otvetstvenostyu 'polytechenergo'
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU2006101646/06A external-priority patent/RU2298132C1/ru
Priority claimed from RU2006127997/06A external-priority patent/RU2309328C1/ru
Application filed by Obschestvo S Ogranichenoy Otvetstvenostyu 'polytechenergo' filed Critical Obschestvo S Ogranichenoy Otvetstvenostyu 'polytechenergo'
Priority to EEU200800016U priority Critical patent/EE00758U1/xx
Priority to US11/918,329 priority patent/US20090123883A1/en
Priority to CN2006800154910A priority patent/CN101171454B/zh
Publication of WO2007078215A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007078215A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/02—Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to heat engineering, namely to furnaces for burning coarsely ground fuel, and can be most successfully used for burning crushed coal fuel and oil shale.
  • the main parameters of industrial furnaces are their economic and environmental characteristics, the first of which are determined primarily by the completeness of fuel combustion and fuel preparation costs, and the second - mainly with the quality of the flue gases discharged into the atmosphere.
  • the furnace works as follows.
  • the fuel is fed into the ablation return estrus and, together with the dispersion material, enters the firebox on the fluidized bed grate.
  • the air heated in the air heater is pressurized under the fluidized bed grate, forming a fluidized bed of a mixture of fuel and dispersed material.
  • the air in the cross section of the furnace is selected so as to provide pneumatic transport of small particles of dispersed material and burnable fuel particles to the exit window of the furnace, from where they enter the high-temperature cyclone.
  • the solid phase of the flue gases separated in the cyclone through the non-mechanical valve returns to the furnace, to the boundary of the fluidized bed, and the cleaned flue gases are sent to the transition duct, convection shaft, air heater and then to the chimney.
  • the return to the fluidized bed of unburned particles of fuel allows for sufficiently complete combustion.
  • Known vortex low-emission furnace containing a combustion chamber with at least one tilted down burner mounted on its wall for supplying an air-fuel mixture, with a prismatic cold funnel having a slotted mouth formed by slopes of the walls of the lower part of the combustion chamber, and placed under the mouth of a cold funnel with a lower blast input device.
  • the burner is made in the form of at least two channels arranged one above the other for supplying a fuel-air mixture.
  • Each of the channels is equipped with a device for regulating the fuel-air ratio, and these devices are selected such that the ratio of the amount of air to the amount of fuel for the upstream channel is always greater than for the downstream channel.
  • the method of operation of this furnace includes the supply of ground fuel mixed with air through both channels of the burner, and the air supply through the input device of the lower blast. Excess amount is supplied to the top of the combustion chamber
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) oxygen at a sufficiently high load of this zone by fuel particles coming from the upstream burner channel. This leads to a relatively high combustion temperature with an excess of oxygen in this zone and a fairly efficient afterburning of fuel.
  • the loading of the middle part of the furnace is carried out mainly from the downstream channel with insufficient oxygen.
  • a vortex zone is formed, the main part of which is characterized by an insufficient oxygen content and a relatively low maximum temperature and acts as a recovery zone.
  • Fuel of a given fractional composition is supplied to each channel, which is ensured, for example, by using a dust concentrator.
  • finely dispersed fuel is fed into the upstream channel, which manages to burn near this channel, creating the required temperature level, and into the downstream relatively coarse fuel, which successfully burns into vortex zone.
  • Such a furnace successfully operates when using dust preparation systems, i.e. subject to preliminary grinding of fuel using, for example, mill separators.
  • pulverized fuel is an explosive substance. In the event that, when a well-known furnace is used, large-sized crushed fuel is fed into the burners (usually the maximum size of a piece of fuel after the crusher is 35 mm, and for high-moisture fuels - up to 25 mm), the last
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) by the action of gravitational forces, it sinks into the lower part of the furnace, while the upper part of the furnace is practically unloaded with fuel, and the temperature in this upper part is not high enough for afterburning the particles of fuel carried out from the vortex zone.
  • To ensure multiple circulation of large particles of fuel and the creation of a vortex zone requires a significant increase in the flow velocity of the lower blast air. This not only causes a decrease in economic characteristics, but also leads to a sharp increase in heat loss with mechanical burning, since fuel particles are dried during circulation, some are destroyed and carried out (fired) by a powerful stream of lower blast into the upper part of the furnace, before they burn out. Since the temperature in the upper part of the furnace is reduced, these particles cool down and stop burning. Standard, most common, design.
  • the furnace involves the location of superheaters in the upper part of the furnace, and, since the convective surfaces described above turn out to be underloaded, it becomes difficult to ensure the rated temperature of superheated steam supplied
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a method of operation of a vortex furnace, ensuring the operation of the vortex furnace when a coarse coarse fuel is fed into the furnace chamber while at the same time increasing the completeness of fuel combustion and increasing the heat load of convective surfaces.
  • Another objective of the invention is the creation of a swirl chamber, providing the implementation of the method.
  • the first task is solved by the fact that in the method of operation of a vortex furnace, including a combustion chamber having a vortex zone and an afterburning zone, a lower blast device and means for collecting a coal-ash mixture from exhaust gases, including supplying a fuel-air mixture and lower air to the furnace blast in accordance with the invention
  • the coal-ash mixture caught from the exhaust gases by an ash collector, is a mixture of ash and coke particles.
  • the return of a controlled amount of coal-ash mixture to the combustion chamber allows to increase the residence time of unburned coal particles contained in the coal-ash mixture in the combustion chamber, which significantly increases the completeness of fuel combustion.
  • Fuel can be returned to the vortex zone. In this case, effective afterburning is ensured as a result of repeated circulation of especially large particles of fuel.
  • Fuel can be returned to the afterburning zone, which is most often located in the upper part of the combustion chamber.
  • efficient loading of the inner space of the combustion chamber with a coal-ash mixture is ensured, which includes unburned but already prepared as a result of the previous cycle fuel particles. Due to the operation of returning unburned, but warmed up, dried, and partially destroyed fuel particles to the afterburning zone, the heat load of the corresponding convective surfaces is increased.
  • a vortex furnace in which the method is implemented, in addition to the basic structural elements inherent in all vortex furnaces (a combustion chamber with a cold funnel formed by slopes of the lower parts of the walls of the combustion chamber, a lower blast device installed under the mouth of the cold funnel, an air-fuel burner tilted down mixtures mounted on the wall of the combustion chamber) includes, in accordance with the invention, an ash collector installed behind the combustion chamber and a circulating ash channel provided with means for transporting ablation ortovki. One end of the circulating ash channel communicates with the ash collector, and the other with the internal space of the combustion chamber.
  • the channel outlet is located in the area of the selected zone of the internal space of the combustion chamber.
  • the ash channel was equipped with a means for introducing the sorbent.
  • the outlet of the circulating ash channel can be placed between the mouth of the cold funnel and the burner for supplying fuel. In this case, the fuel is returned to the vortex zone of the furnace. It is advisable to install an additional burner on the wall of the combustion chamber in the afterburning zone. In this case, the outlet of the circulating ash channel can be combined with the specified burner. When using this design, the fuel is returned to the afterburning zone, which ensures an increase in the load of heat transferring surfaces.
  • the vortex furnace includes a prismatic combustion chamber I with a cold funnel 2.
  • the cold funnel 2 is formed by the slopes of the walls of the combustion chamber 1.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) an air nozzle 5.
  • a burner 6. a downward inclined burner is installed on the wall of the chamber 1.
  • the ash collector 7 can be made in any known manner, for example, can be made in the form of a cyclone, or have a louvered structure.
  • a branching ash channel 8 is installed between the ash collector 7 and combustion chamber 1, the inlet 9 of which communicates with the ash collector 7.
  • the ash channel communicates with the internal space of the combustion chamber: through the hole 10a with a vortex zone (indicated by “W” in the drawing ) and, through an additional burner 11 located on the wall of the combustion chamber 1, with a afterburning zone (indicated by “P” in the drawing).
  • the gold channel 8 is equipped with a regulator 12 for the supply of coal-ash mixture.
  • the controller 12 can be performed in any known manner, for example, in the form of a gate.
  • the return of the ash-coal mixture can be carried out both in one of the zones (vortex or afterburning zone), and in both.
  • the quantity of the mixture and the direction are regulated using the above-mentioned regulators 12 and 13.
  • the location of the additional burner is selected depending on the location of the afterburning zone, preferably at its highest temperature. . parts ..
  • an additional burner 11 for feeding the coal-ash mixture is placed in the upper part of the combustion chamber 1, since with such a structural solution of the combustion chamber, the afterburning zone is located in the upper part of the furnace.
  • the afterburning zone may also be located in the lower part. fireboxes.
  • the ash channel can be equipped with means for feeding the sorbent (not shown in Fig.).
  • the furnace works as follows.
  • Fuel after crushing (without using a dust preparation system) is fed into the combustion chamber 1 through the burner 6.
  • the size of the fuel particles is limited only by the geometric parameters of the burner 6 for supplying the fuel-air mixture.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET Small particles burn in the exhaust pipe, larger ones are sent together with air to the lower part of the combustion chamber.
  • a vortex zone is formed in which, as a result of repeated circulation, large particles of fuel are burned.
  • the fuel particles are crushed, become lighter, their windage increases, the speed of soaring decreases, and some of them, not having time to burn out, are carried out to the top of the furnace.
  • flue gases enter the ash collector 7, which collects particles of ash and unburned fuel.
  • Trapped particles are accumulated in the hopper of the ash collector 7, and then the transport air flow through the ash channel 8 and the outlet openings 10a, 106 and the additional burner 11 are fed into the selected zone — into the afterburning zone through the burner 11 and the vortex zone through the hole 10a.
  • Air quantity air speed the flow necessary for afterburning the supplied ash-coal mixture and preventing its removal by the lower blast air flow are regulated in the usual way.
  • An adjustable amount of the coal-ash mixture (product) captured is returned to the selected zone.
  • ash collector 7. The amount of product returned to the selected zone is determined by the characteristics of the fuel (ash content, particle size, yield of volatiles, etc.) and the product (content of unburned carbon and fractional composition). The more unburned carbon and the smaller the particle size in the product, the greater the proportion of the product returned to the afterburning zone, and the larger the unburned particles, the greater the proportion of the product returned to the vortex zone.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The amount of returned mixture is regulated using the flow controller 13. Ensuring a high airflow velocity of the lower blast to prevent failure and maintaining large particles in the vortex zone is not particularly difficult, and since the inventive method and the described furnace design provide the return to the selected zone of almost all unburned particles and their subsequent complete afterburning, a high completeness of combustion is ensured fuel.
  • the returned particles are a mixture of ash and unburned particles of fuel (coke), and the fuel practically does not contain any volatile or water vapor, i.e., it enters the selected zone of the furnace as if it had undergone thorough preparation in dust-preparation devices.
  • the inventive method of operation of a vortex furnace and a vortex furnace allow you to burn crushed fuel without the use of dust preparation devices, with a high degree of combustion, while ensuring the receipt of steam required high parameters.
  • the inventive furnace has one more advantage: since, as is well known, far from all the sorbent supplied to the combustion chamber manages to react completely, unreacted particles are captured by the ash collector and returned to the combustion chamber together with entrainment. Thus, the sorbent is used repeatedly.
  • the claimed technical solution allows you to reconstruct existing furnace units, while increasing their environmental and economic characteristics.
  • coal fuel of the following fractional composition was used: residue on a sieve with a mesh size of 5 mm - from 5 to 15%, s
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) mesh sizes of 1 mm - 50-70%. The maximum piece size was 25 mm. Energy consumption for own needs (for traction, blasting, fuel supply) decreased from 9.18 kWh / tpa to 7.9 kWh / tpa, or by 15%.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention relève de l'équipement thermique, et peut servir à la construction et à la rénovation de foyers de chaudières industrielles. Le foyer selon l'invention peut être avantageusement utilisé pour la combustion de combustible, de charbon et de schiste grossièrement concassés. L'invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'un foyer, qui comprend une opération consistant à renvoyer dans l'espace interne de la chambre de combustion une quantité contrôlée d'un mélange de cendres et de charbon issu d'un collecteur de cendres disposé derrière la chambre de combustion. L'invention a également trait à un foyer cyclone, qui comprend une chambre de combustion, dotée d'une trémie formée par les pentes des parties inférieures de ses parois, un dispositif de soufflage inférieur, placé en-dessous de l'ouverture de la trémie, et un brûleur incliné, destiné à fournir un mélange air-combustible et monté sur la paroi de la chambre de combustion. Le foyer selon l'invention est doté d'un collecteur de cendres, qui est placé derrière la chambre de combustion, et d'un canal de circulation de cendres. L'une des extrémités dudit canal communique avec le collecteur de cendres, et l'autre communique avec l'espace interne de la chambre de combustion. Ledit canal possède des orifices de sortie qui sont disposés entre l'ouverture de la trémie et le brûleur fournissant le combustible, et/ou dans une zone de postcombustion, cette dernière contenant un brûleur supplémentaire destiné à introduire le mélange de cendres et de charbon issu du canal de cendres dans la chambre de combustion. Le collecteur de cendres est sélectionné de manière qu'il capture des particules de taille supérieure à 0,5 mm. Le canal de cendres peut être doté d'un moyen permettant de transporter les cendres légères et d'un moyen d'alimentation en sorbant.
PCT/RU2006/000717 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Procede de fonctionnement d'un foyer cyclone et foyer cyclone associe WO2007078215A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EEU200800016U EE00758U1 (et) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Keeriskolle
US11/918,329 US20090123883A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Swirling-type furnace operating method and a swirling-type furnace
CN2006800154910A CN101171454B (zh) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 涡旋式熔炉的操作方法和涡旋式熔炉

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2006101646/06A RU2298132C1 (ru) 2005-12-30 2005-12-30 Вихревая топка
RU2006101646 2005-12-30
RU2006127997/06A RU2309328C1 (ru) 2006-08-01 2006-08-01 Способ работы вихревой топки и вихревая топка
RU2006127997 2006-08-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007078215A1 true WO2007078215A1 (fr) 2007-07-12

Family

ID=38228482

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2006/000717 WO2007078215A1 (fr) 2005-12-30 2006-12-28 Procede de fonctionnement d'un foyer cyclone et foyer cyclone associe

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20090123883A1 (fr)
EE (1) EE00758U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007078215A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU974034A1 (ru) * 1977-12-07 1982-11-15 Иркутский политехнический институт Вихрева топка
DE3403981A1 (de) * 1984-02-04 1985-08-14 Deutsche Babcock Werke AG, 4200 Oberhausen Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben einer feuerung unter verminderter bildung von stickoxiden
SU1343174A1 (ru) * 1986-05-21 1987-10-07 Уральский филиал Всесоюзного теплотехнического научно-исследовательского института им.Ф.Э.Дзержинского Поворотный газоход
RU94030134A (ru) * 1994-08-15 1996-06-20 Институт теплофизики СО РАН Котел с циркулирующим слоем
RU43944U1 (ru) * 2004-11-16 2005-02-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "Элиттехнострой" Система подачи уловленного уноса в топку котла с кипящим слоем

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4419964A (en) * 1979-10-26 1983-12-13 F. L. Smidth & Co. Combustion plant
FR2587090B1 (fr) * 1985-09-09 1987-12-04 Framatome Sa Chaudiere a lit fluidise circulant
US4733621A (en) * 1987-05-08 1988-03-29 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Apparatus and methods for operating a fluidized bed reactor
US4940007A (en) * 1988-08-16 1990-07-10 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Fast fluidized bed reactor
US5339774A (en) * 1993-07-06 1994-08-23 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed steam generation system and method of using recycled flue gases to assist in passing loopseal solids
US5735682A (en) * 1994-08-11 1998-04-07 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed combustion system having an improved loop seal valve
RU2107223C1 (ru) * 1996-08-15 1998-03-20 МГВП "Политехэнерго" Топка
EP0887589B9 (fr) * 1996-12-27 2008-11-05 Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd. Dispositif et procede de combustion de combustible
US6604474B2 (en) * 2001-05-11 2003-08-12 General Electric Company Minimization of NOx emissions and carbon loss in solid fuel combustion

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU974034A1 (ru) * 1977-12-07 1982-11-15 Иркутский политехнический институт Вихрева топка
DE3403981A1 (de) * 1984-02-04 1985-08-14 Deutsche Babcock Werke AG, 4200 Oberhausen Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben einer feuerung unter verminderter bildung von stickoxiden
SU1343174A1 (ru) * 1986-05-21 1987-10-07 Уральский филиал Всесоюзного теплотехнического научно-исследовательского института им.Ф.Э.Дзержинского Поворотный газоход
RU94030134A (ru) * 1994-08-15 1996-06-20 Институт теплофизики СО РАН Котел с циркулирующим слоем
RU43944U1 (ru) * 2004-11-16 2005-02-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "Элиттехнострой" Система подачи уловленного уноса в топку котла с кипящим слоем

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EE00758U1 (et) 2008-07-15
US20090123883A1 (en) 2009-05-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR101428831B1 (ko) 중회분 건조 추출/ 냉각용 및 고 미연소 성분 잔류물 연소 제어용 플랜트 및 방법
CN101038077A (zh) 可燃物处理装置
CN100422638C (zh) 循环流化床锅炉的微油点火方法
CN107355809A (zh) 减少W型火焰锅炉NOx排放的方法
US4047489A (en) Integrated process for preparing and firing bagasse and the like for steam power generation
Pihu et al. Short-term tests on firing oil shale fuel applying low-temperature vortex technology
JP2003130308A (ja) 固体燃料の燃焼方法及び固体燃料燃焼設備
AU2018202163B2 (en) Method for operating a steam generator
US4485747A (en) Reducing pollutant emissions by fines removal
Roslyakov et al. Use of coals for cocombustion with Estonian shale oil
RU2309328C1 (ru) Способ работы вихревой топки и вихревая топка
JPH10506985A (ja) 廃棄物熱処理用流動床燃焼炉
JP4108002B2 (ja) ガス又は油焚きバイオマス燃焼装置及び方法
WO2007078215A1 (fr) Procede de fonctionnement d'un foyer cyclone et foyer cyclone associe
JP2017058077A (ja) ボイラ設備
JP4048945B2 (ja) ロータリーキルンにおける難燃性燃料の燃焼方法
RU2573078C2 (ru) Вихревая камерная топка
RU2627757C2 (ru) Слоевой котел с вертикальной вихревой топкой
RU2350838C1 (ru) Высокотемпературный циклонный реактор
US2856872A (en) Pulverized coal firing system
JPH05256424A (ja) ゴミ燃焼方法
RU2748363C1 (ru) Котел с вихревым дожиганием
RU2802890C9 (ru) Схема подготовки и сжигания топлива (варианты)
CN101171454B (zh) 涡旋式熔炉的操作方法和涡旋式熔炉
JPS6146806A (ja) オイルコ−クスの燃焼方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 200680015491.0

Country of ref document: CN

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 11918329

Country of ref document: US

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC - EPO FORM 1205A DATED 27.11.2008.

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 06847427

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1