Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C7/00—Optical parts
  • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F17/00—Printing apparatus or machines of special types or for particular purposes, not otherwise provided for
  • B41F17/001—Pad printing apparatus or machines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
  • B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
  • B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
  • B29D11/00317—Production of lenses with markings or patterns
  • B29D11/00326—Production of lenses with markings or patterns having particular surface properties, e.g. a micropattern
  • B29D11/00336—Production of lenses with markings or patterns having particular surface properties, e.g. a micropattern by making depressions in the lens surfaces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
  • B29D11/00865—Applying coatings; tinting; colouring
  • B29D11/00884—Spin coating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F17/00—Printing apparatus or machines of special types or for particular purposes, not otherwise provided for
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41K—STAMPS; STAMPING OR NUMBERING APPARATUS OR DEVICES
  • B41K3/00—Apparatus for stamping articles having integral means for supporting the articles to be stamped
  • B41K3/02—Apparatus for stamping articles having integral means for supporting the articles to be stamped with stamping surface located above article-supporting surface
  • B41K3/12—Apparatus for stamping articles having integral means for supporting the articles to be stamped with stamping surface located above article-supporting surface with curved stamping surface for stamping by rolling contact
  • B41K3/14—Apparatus for stamping articles having integral means for supporting the articles to be stamped with stamping surface located above article-supporting surface with curved stamping surface for stamping by rolling contact for relief stamping
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C7/00—Optical parts
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
  • G03H2210/00—Object characteristics
  • G03H2210/50—Nature of the object
  • G03H2210/53—Coded object not directly interpretable, e.g. encrypted object, barcode
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
  • G03H2270/00—Substrate bearing the hologram
  • G03H2270/55—Substrate bearing the hologram being an optical element, e.g. spectacles
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
  • Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
  • Y10S977/887—Nanoimprint lithography, i.e. nanostamp

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of transferring a micron size pattern onto an optical article, as well as an optical article comprising such a pattern using this method. It is particularly suitable for a product of the optical lens type, in particular of the ophthalmic lens type. This method is very advantageous for introducing a holographic pattern.
• soft lithography processes for “soft lithography” in English
• the soft lithography methods use a pad whose surface has a microrelief consisting of hollows and protrusions. This microrelief defines the pattern to be reproduced on the product. The pattern is reproduced on one side of the product by applying the pad, under conditions which are adapted according to the material present on the surface of the product.
• the face of the product is covered with a metallic layer and the pad is coated with a substance capable of protecting the metallic layer for an etching step.
• the pad is applied to the face of the product, part of the substance is selectively transferred from the pad onto the metal layer in places which correspond to the protrusions of the tampon.
• the metal layer is then etched only at the places thereof which correspond to the recesses of the stamp.
• the metal layer must be free of pollution and consist of a metal little subject to any possible chemical surface alteration, such as oxidation.
• Document JP07-219435 describes a process for manufacturing a hologram seal, according to which a hologram consisting of hollows and protrusions is first etched on the surface of a thermoplastic material, then covered with a metallic layer, Gold in such a method, it is difficult to limit the metallic layer to the portion of the surface which is occupied by the hologram.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a method for transferring a pattern which is simple to implement and compatible with a large number of materials constituting the pattern.
• the present invention must in particular allow the transfer to an optical article of a pattern having a definition on a micronic or even sub-micronic scale, such a pattern advantageously constituting a hologram.
• micronic includes both a micronic motif having a definition on the scale of the size of the micron, and a submicronic motif having a definition on a lower scale. at the size of a micron or on the scale of a hundred or even fifty nanometers.
• the invention provides a method of transferring a micron pattern, as defined above, on a surface of an optical article which includes the following steps:
• the latex layer is dry, contact the pad surface which includes the layer of transferable material with the latex layer.
• IeI spread the pad from the surface of the optical article comprising the layer of latex.
• the layer of transferable material deposited on the microrelief of the tampon during step / a / generally does not conform to the microrelief.
• the layer is preferably present on the areas of the microrelief which are similar to planes orthogonal to the main direction in which the material is deposited. These areas are carried by the protrusions (13) or the recesses of the pad (12b), as shown in Figure 1b.
• a method according to the invention is therefore of the soft lithography type and, therefore, has specific advantages.
• the method does not include any etching step because the portions of the layer of transferable material which are initially located in the recesses of the surface of the pad are not brought into contact with the layer of latex which acts as adhesive material. , and therefore are not transferred to the surface of the latex.
• This process is precise, and has the advantage of being non-polluting, no chemical etching step being necessary.
• a layer of still partially liquid latex ensures the adhesion, to the surface of the optical article, of the portions of the layer of transferable material which are transferred during the application of the tampon.
• Such an adhesion mechanism is compatible with a - A - large number of transferable materials, in particular electrically conductive materials, metallic, insulating, dielectric, or refractive materials.
• the adhesion which is thus obtained is little affected by pollution present on the optical article or on the layer of transferable material.
• An advantage of the invention lies in the conditions for bringing the pad coated with at least one layer of transferable material onto the surface of the optical article coated with at least one layer of latex.
• These conditions essentially concern the properties of the latex layer, the pressure of application of the tampon and its duration. They can be controlled, with simple and inexpensive means that are commonly available.
• the conditions for obtaining a layer of latex with adequate properties are the skill of a person skilled in the art.
• the method according to the invention is carried out under conditions such that the tampon presents a parallel to normal approach to the point of contact on the substrate of the optical article.
• a latex in this type of process is particularly advantageous insofar as the latex has an adhesive property which only exists temporarily during the drying phase. It is therefore not essential after having implemented the method to remove the layer of latex on the optical article outside the area bearing the pattern.
• the adhesive character of the latex layer disappears as it dries and the latex particles coalesce.
• the use of a latex in this type of process is also very advantageous insofar as, or according to an embodiment of the invention, the latex is capable of reproducing a specific microrelief imposed by the pressure of a master microrelief.
• the pattern can be micronic or submicronic, the term micronic being used generally throughout the description to designate these two sizes of patterns.
• the term “micron motif” means a pattern comprising one or more elementary patterns; each elementary pattern having a size between 10 ⁇ m (micrometer) and 50 nm (nanometer), advantageously between 5 ⁇ m and 100 nm, and very advantageously between 3 ⁇ m and 150 nm.
• the transferred pattern can be, in particular, a diffracting pattern when it is illuminated by a light beam. It can in particular be a holographic motif. Such a reason is particularly suitable for identifying a product and / or distinguishing an original product from a counterfeit copy. More particularly, the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for introducing an amplitude hologram on the optical article.
• the term hologram of amplitude denotes a holographic microstructure which preferentially affects the amplitude of the electromagnetic field at normal incidence. This is the case in particular of a hologram composed of an arrangement of transparent zones and opaque zones, which are also reflective in the case where the opacity is obtained by a metal. A reading image corresponding to the hologram can then be viewed by transmission or by reflection of a light beam on the lens.
• the pattern transferred according to the invention is also suitable for introducing a phase hologram on the optical article.
• hologram of phase denotes a holographic microstructure which preferentially affects the phase of the electromagnetic field at normal incidence.
• the motif itself can also represent a logo or an inscription directly readable on the optical article.
• the pattern consists of a plurality of elementary and identical patterns, it can be both of the holographic type and have a directly readable meaning on the optical article.
• the holographic pattern can also be of digital hologram type, that is to say a computer generated hologram (often called by the acronym "CGH” for "Computer Generated
• the holographic pattern can be constituted of a set of contiguous pixels, each pixel having a surface of between 0.2 ⁇ m 2 and 25 ⁇ m 2 , advantageously between 0.2 ⁇ m 2 and 4 ⁇ m 2 .
• the pattern will include a large number of pixels, for example, a total number greater than 10,000 pixels, thus making it possible to obtain by reconstruction under illumination an image having a sufficient resolution.
• the transferred pattern can occupy a reduced part of one side of the article, in particular so as not to mask said article itself or to not hinder a subsequent use of the article.
• the pattern will preferably occupy a part of the face of the article less than 25 mm 2 .
• the transferred pattern can occupy substantially an entire face of the article, in particular when it comprises a network of micron or submicron wires.
• a pattern occupying an entire face of the article can be produced to obtain an antistatic function on the surface of the optical article, to produce a set of electrodes of a display matrix or even a polarization filtering function. light reflected or transmitted by the optical article.
• the polarizing effect is obtained by transferring a pattern of parallel conductive wires (network of type polarizer with wire or “wire-grid” according to the English name).
• a treatment of the surface of the optical article can be carried out before placing the layer of latex on the surface of said optical article.
• This treatment is chosen in particular from chemical, thermal, plasma and corona treatment.
• This surface treatment may in particular comprise a chemical treatment consisting of cleaning with pisopropanol and / or water from the surface of the optical article. Thus, dust or dirt possibly present on this surface can be removed.
• the latex layer can, in the context of the invention, be deposited by a spin coating process, a process which is well integrated in particular in the production lines for ophthalmic lenses. It can also be deposited by other deposition techniques such as dipping (dip- coating), spray, material jet using nozzles of an inkjet print head.
• the thickness of the layer of latex deposited on the surface of the optical article is generally between 0.2 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m, advantageously between 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
• the layer must be optically transparent. Its transmission rate can be variable, in particular in the case of a tinted layer, but it must neither diffuse, nor diffract, nor modify the perception of an object observed by transparency through the optical article comprising such a layer of adhesive material. .
• the method can also comprise the following step, which is carried out after step / a / and / or step IeI:
• It can cover the surface of the optical article with one or more functionalized coatings.
• These functionalized coatings can be deposited in the form of a monolayer or multilayer film or varnish, by any deposition means such as, for example, soaking, centrifugation, spray, or jet printing of material by the nozzles of a head. inkjet printing. They are advantageously chosen from coatings having an anti-shock, anti-abrasion, anti-reflective, anti-fouling, anti-fog, anti-static, polarizing, coloring and photochromic type of functionality.
• the method thus comprises an additional step which is carried out after step IeI and which consists in covering the surface of the optical article with at least one functionalized coating over the transferred pattern and the layer. latex.
• This coating in addition to its functionalization advantageously constitutes a coating for protecting the transferred pattern.
• the transferable material can be a metallic material such as, for example, gold, aluminum, chromium, silver, copper, nickel, platinum, palladium or an alloy comprising one at least of these metals.
• the layer of transferable material can advantageously be deposited in step / a / on the surface of the pad by evaporation under vacuum or by sputtering under vacuum (sputtering).
• sputtering sputtering
• the layer of transferable material may comprise a stack of several layers of respective materials.
• the material of at least one of the layers of the stack can then be refractive.
• the visualization of the transferred pattern can also partially result from an interference behavior of a light beam used to illuminate the pattern.
• the transfer of a stack of several material layers can thus lead, depending on the thickness of said stack, to the production of a hologram which very significantly affects the phase of the electromagnetic field at normal incidence.
• a hologram of phase denotes a holographic microstructure which preferentially affects the phase of the electromagnetic field at normal incidence.
• the surface of the pad is applied against the surface of the optical article which carries the layer of latex, in the step Here, under suitable conditions so that the portions of the layer of transferable material which are located on the protrusions of the surface of the pad are selectively transferred onto the surface of the optical article.
• the portions of the layer of transferable material which are located in the recesses of the pad are not transferred to the surface of the optical article during the application of the pad because the recesses of the microrelief are not put in place. contact with the latex layer.
• the tampon is applied in step Here with moderate pressure, so that the protuberances of the tampon do not penetrate into the latex layer.
• the latex layer then retains a substantially constant thickness on the face of the optical article, at least in the part of this face which is occupied by the transferred pattern.
• the contrast of the transferred pattern then results from the presence or absence of transferable material on the surface of the article, in different places from the pattern.
• the transferred pattern forms a juxtaposition of opaque and transparent areas, and if this pattern forms a diffractive structure holographic, the result is an amplitude hologram.
• the combination of selective transfer, of the transferable material present on the protuberances, on the optical article, and the absence of penetration of the latex into the recesses of the pattern allow the formation of a amplitude hologram.
• the surface of the pad is applied against the surface of the optical article which carries the layer of latex, in the step
• the protrusions of the pad surface completely penetrates the latex layer so that the portions of the layer of transferable material which are located on the protrusions of the pad surface as well as those located in the recesses of the pad are jointly transferred to the surface of the pad.
• the surface of the tampon is applied for a suitable duration, that is to say an adapted drying time, so that, after the tampon has been removed, the latex layer has permanent depressions created by the penetration of the protuberances of the buffer in the latex layer.
• the latex layer thus has a microrelief on its surface which is none other than the complement of the microrelief carried by the surface of the tampon.
• the pattern is molded in the layer of latex.
• the microrelief carried by the layer of latex consists of hollows and protrusions.
• the hollows and protrusions are covered with portions of the transferred metal layer.
• the contrast of the transferred pattern may result, at least in part, from variations in thickness of the latex layer.
• the transferred motif is a holographic motif
• the microrelief obtained can constitute a phase hologram.
• the term hologram of phase denotes a holographic microstructure which preferentially affects the phase of the electromagnetic field at normal incidence.
• the invention also provides an optical article which includes a pattern transferred to a surface thereof using a method as described above.
• This optical article comprises an optical instrumentation lens, an optical sighting lens, a visor, as well as an ophthalmic lens, and in particular such a lens which is adapted to be assembled in a pair of glasses frame.
• a lens then itself includes:
• a base lens comprising at least one organic or mineral substrate
• the base lens notably comprises an organic substrate.
• substrate is meant the transparent material constituting the base of the optical lens and more particularly of the ophthalmic lens. This material serves as a support for the stack of one or more coatings, and participates in creating the corrective function of the lens in the case of an ophthalmic corrective lens.
• the optical article is an ophthalmic lens
• the substrates can be dyed directly in the mass.
• one or more coatings may optionally be present. These coatings are in particular the functionalized coatings as described above.
• the lens Since the lens is essentially transparent, when the pattern is of the holographic type, it can be adapted to form a reading image when a light beam is sent through the lens at the location of the pattern.
• the layer of latex can also form a protection for the lens against possible impacts subsequently received by it.
• a layer of scratch-resistant material is also formed on the lens, over the layer of latex and the transferred pattern.
• FIGS. 1a and 1b are sectional views of a tampon used in a transfer method according to the invention
• FIG. 5 illustrates a step of reading a holographic pattern transferred according to the invention.
• a pad comprises a base 10 and a membrane 11.
• the membrane 11 has a surface S and is fixed to the base 10 by its face opposite to the surface S.
• the surface S supporting the pattern comprises recesses 12 and protrusions 13 which correspond to two different values of the thickness of the membrane 11.
• the recesses 12 and the protrusions 13 form a micron-sized microrelief, which defines the pattern noted P.
• P denotes the geometric arrangement of the portions of surface of the protrusions intended to be brought into contact with the surface of the optical article.
• the membrane 11 may be based on polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS at least at the location of the protrusions 13 of the surface S of the buffer.
• Such a material has a low surface energy, which is favorable for obtaining a good quality of transfer.
• This low surface energy of the material constituting the membrane as well as its soft character characterized by its elastic modulus is an important condition because it guarantees perfect contact between the layer of latex and the portions of transferable materials carried by the surface S of the tampon, and also guarantees that the transferable layer , especially metallic, is easily detached from the pad to adhere to the adhesive layer.
• the commercial PDMS called Sylgard 184 has an elastic module of 2.5 MPa (MegaPascal).
• Other materials, in particular of the elastomeric material type, may also be suitable for the membrane 11.
• the recesses 12 and the protrusions 13 can be formed in different ways.
• a liquid containing precursor monomers of the elastomer can be poured into a membrane mold provided with the motif P, then polymerized inside the mold by heating or by irradiation with UV light.
• the membrane 11 which is obtained after demolding is fixed on the base 10.
• the recesses 12 and the protrusions 13 can have dimensions between 10 micrometers and 50 nanometers, for example, measured parallel to the membrane 11
• the depth of the recesses 12 can be from 0.1 micrometer to 30 micrometers, advantageously from 0.1 to 10 micrometers.
• a layer facilitating the separation of the metal layer 14 from the membrane 11 can be deposited on the surface S before the deposition of the layer of transferable material 14.
• the surface S can deform when it is applied against the receiving surface, as a function of a curvature of the latter. This deformation can result from a crushing of the membrane which varies along the surface S, and / or from a variable recoil of the membrane when it is fixed in an appropriate manner on the base 10.
• FIG. 1b is an enlarged view of the membrane 11.
• a layer 14, for example made of gold or aluminum, is deposited on the membrane 11. and is distributed over the areas of the microrelief (12b and 13) which constitute planes orthogonal to the main direction in which the material was deposited.
• the layer 14 can have a thickness e of 30 nanometers, by example. It can be deposited on the surface S in several ways, in particular by evaporation under vacuum of a quantity of gold or aluminum contained in a crucible and heated by the Joule effect.
• an ophthalmic lens which initially consists of a base lens 1, has for example a convex anterior face and a concave posterior face.
• the pattern P is transferred to the front face of the lens, but it is understood that a similar transfer can be made to the rear face.
• the invention is particularly suitable for transferring a pattern onto a pseudo-spherical surface.
• the term “pseudo-spherical surface” means a continuous concave or convex surface, that is to say one devoid of holes or steps.
• at least one of the two faces of an optical lens is pseudo-spherical, so that the variation in thickness of the lens which results therefrom gives it optical power.
• Afocal, unifocal, bifocal, trifocal and progressive ophthalmic lenses all have at least one pseudo-spherical face.
• a spherical surface corresponds to a particular case of pseudo-spherical surface, for which radii of curvature of the surface in two perpendicular directions are equal.
• the expression “pseudo-spherical surface” is understood to include the particular case of spherical surfaces.
• the ophthalmic lens 1 can be of any type as described above.
• the term “ophthalmic lens” is intended to mean lenses which are adapted in particular to a spectacle frame and whose function is to protect the eye and / or correct vision.
• the surface of the lens 1 which is intended to receive the pattern P is first cleaned.
• the lens can be subjected to a corona treatment or a plasma treatment, but a cleaning method using one or more detergent solutions and / or rinsing can also be used.
• a layer of latex in liquid form is formed on the anterior face of the lens 1.
• the layer of latex is deposited by centrifugation ("spin coating" in English) using a liquid solution latex, referenced 20.
• the lens 1 is placed horizontally on a support 30 and rotated about a vertical axis.
• the liquid 20 is then dispensed on the lens 1.
• the speed of rotation of the lens during spreading of the latex determines, in a manner known per se, the thickness of the layer of latex which is formed on the lens.
• the duration of spreading influences the drying of the latex layer.
• the latex layer is referenced 2 below.
• the front face of the lens 1 which is covered by the layer 2 has a temporary adhesive power, as long as the layer 2 is not definitively dry.
• This adhesive power results from numerous pending chemical bonds present in the liquid latex.
• Several latexes can be used to constitute layer 2, among which there may be mentioned, by way of example, polyurethane latexes, poly (meth) acrylate latexes, polyester latexes, latexes comprising butadiene units such as polybutadienes or poly (styrene-butadiene).
• polyurethane latexes poly (meth) acrylate latexes
• polyester latexes polyester latexes
• latexes comprising butadiene units such as polybutadienes or poly (styrene-butadiene).
• Such latexes are described in particular in US patents 5,316,791, US 6,503,631 and US 6,489,028, which are incorporated here for reference.
• photochromic latexes as described in patents EP 1 161 512 and FR 2 811 322.
• acrylic latexes such as that sold by the company Zeneca under the name A-639 will be used, or polyurethane latexes sold under the names W-240 and W-234 by the company Baxenden.
• the surface S of the pad and more specifically the protrusions 13 and the recesses 12b which carry the metal layer 14, is then applied against the anterior face of the lens 1 covered by the layer 2. For this, the pad is approached in a direction substantially perpendicular to the face of the lens ( Figure 2b). The application is carried out with sufficient pressure to obtain good cohesion of the metal layer 14 with the latex layer 2, at the protrusions 13 of the surface S.
• the pressure for applying the buffer against the lens 1 is not too great in order to prevent latex of the layer 2 from entering between the protrusions 13 during application.
• the protrusions 13 of Ia surface S do not penetrate into the layer 2.
• only portions of the metal layer 14 which are initially located on the protrusions 13 come into contact with the latex layer 2.
• these portions of layer 14, referenced 3 in FIG. 3 remain selectively bonded to lens 1, due to the adhesive power of the latex which is not yet dry. They have shapes which reproduce those of the protrusions 13 of the surface S of the tampon, parallel to the surface of the lens, so that the pattern P is transferred to the lens 1.
• the material of the layer 14 therefore has a material function for transferring the pattern P onto the lens 1.
• the portions of the layer 14 which are located in the recesses 12 of the surface S are removed with the pad when the latter is removed from the lens 1, since they have not entered in contact with the layer of latex 2. Intervals devoid of metallic material, referenced 4a in FIG. 3 and which correspond to the recesses 12 of the surface S 1 thus separate the portions 3 on the anterior face of the lens 1.
• the inventors have found that the pressures for applying the buffer to the lens 1, which are between 0.1 and 60 grams per square millimeter of surface area of the protrusions of the pattern P, provide qualities of selective transfer eg stating that an amplitude hologram is obtained.
• the pad is applied against the lens 1 when the latex layer 2 has started to densify by partially drying, but when the latter has not yet dried completely, to maintain sufficient tackiness.
• the pad can be applied against the lens ten seconds after the latex layer has been deposited by centrifugation, and for two seconds.
• the portions of material 3 which form the transferred pattern P are then located at the same level on the latex layer 2, in a direction perpendicular to this layer, and are separated by intervals devoid of transferable material.
• the pressure for applying the buffer against the lens 1 is sufficient to cause penetration into the hollows 12 of the latex of layer 2 between the protrusions 13.
• the protrusions 13 of the surface S therefore penetrates into layer 2.
• all of the portions of materials transferable from the metal layer 14 comes into contact with the latex layer 2 so that, when the pad is removed, all the portions of the layer 14 remain fully bonded to the layer 2, i.e. both the layer of transferable material present on the protrusions as the layer of transferable material present in the part 12b of the recesses.
• the penetration of the protrusions 13 into the layer 2 creates in the latter a reproduction of the microrelief, by molding or embossing.
• the pattern which is transferred to the lens 1 then consists of several portions of the transferable material of the layer 14, which are located at different levels of
• the portions referenced 3 and 4b correspond respectively to the protrusions 13 and to the recesses 12 of the surface S of the tampon.
• the inventors have found that the pressure for applying the pad to the lens 1 can be greater than 60 grams per square millimeter when the pad is still
• the surface taken into account for the calculation of the pressure is that of the protrusions 13 constituting the pattern P.
• the layer of latex 2 also constitutes protection of the lens 1 against impact.
• a layer of latex can absorb a shock applied to a surface.
• Layer 2 can therefore have a double function in the context of the invention: in addition to the fixing of portions of transferable material on the lens, it protects the latter against
• An upper layer 5 can also be applied to the anterior face of the lens 1.
• This layer 5 covers in particular the pattern transferred P. It can be formed from a solution of precursors deposited on the layer of latex 2 and on the portions 3 of transferred material which form the pattern P (FIG. 3), or on all the portions of the layer 14 transferred covering the microrelief molded in latex ( Figure 4).
• Such an upper layer 5 can also have an optical function such as, for example, a function of polarization, absorption, coloring or filtering of light passing through the lens 1.
• the transferred pattern constitutes a diffractive holographic structure
• a reading image diffracted by the hologram and restoring the information that it contains can then be viewed by transmission or by reflection of a coherent light beam on the lens 1 , at the location of the transferred pattern P.
• the holographic pattern P is illuminated by a low power laser pen 100, for example of red color with a wavelength of 645 nanometers.
• the distance between the laser 100 and the pattern P is not critical for the reconstruction of the image.
• the light beam 101 from the laser 100 is diffracted by the pattern P, so that it is divided into at least two secondary beams 102 and 103 after passing through the lens 1.
• Each of the two beams 102 and 103 reconstructs an image at a distance from lens 1 which can be between 20 and 50 centimeters, for example. This image is revealed by placing an object
• the object that serves as a screen can be arbitrary.
• the image can also be projected onto an image sensor, for example of the CCD type (for "Charge Coupled Device") or CMOS (for "Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor”) todayto allow rapid and precise recognition.
• the images which correspond to each of the two beams 102 and 103 are referenced 105 and 106, respectively. They correspond to two opposite diffraction orders, for example +1 and -1, so that the two images 105 and 106 are inverted with respect to each other.
• the image which is not inverted, or “direct image”, corresponds to the +1 diffraction order and is the reading image of the holographic pattern P.
• the ophthalmic lens 1 can be intended to be assembled in a pair of glasses frame.
• the pattern P can be of small dimensions and printed near an edge of the lens 1 (FIG. 5).
• the transferred pattern P can occupy a part of the face of the lens 1 which is less than 25 mm 2 .
• the pattern can also be introduced on a part of the lens which is to be cut out. In this case the pattern is mainly introduced for the purpose of traceability of the final product.
• Such a configuration is particularly advantageous if the transferred pattern corresponds to a CGH type computer generated hologram which consists of pixels.
• Such a hologram can thus contain a very large amount of information over a very small space advantageously between 15 mm 2 and 0.5 mm 2 , for example making it possible to guarantee complete traceability of the optical article in the production chain and logistics.
• the transferred pattern P can occupy the entire anterior face of the lens 1, for example when it gives the lens a particular optical function. This may be the case, in particular, when the reason transferred
• P consists of a set of electrically conductive wires parallel to a determined direction, for filtering light passing through the lens as a function of a polarization of the latter.
• the conductive wires have a width of a few tens of nanometers and are spaced two by two of a few tens of nanometers.
• an intermediate layer can be deposited on the membrane 11 of the tampon before the layer of transferable material 14, to adjust a surface energy between layer 14 and the membrane 11 of the tampon. Such an adjustment can further improve the transfer of the portions 3 of transferable material onto the lens 1.
• the pattern transferred to the lens can be a diffracting pattern, that is to say of which the visibility results from a diffraction of the light by the portions 3 and / or the intervals 4 present therebetween.
• the pattern which is transferred may be visible under ambient lighting conditions, or when it is illuminated by a laser beam.
• the key parameter of the process is the state of the layer of Latex at the time of the step Here: bringing the surface of the pad which comprises the layer of transferable material into contact with the layer of Latex.
• the Latex layer must be non-dry, so that it is:
• microrelief consisting of hollows and protuberances
• latex A an aqueous solution of polyurethane latex W234 from the company Baxenden having the following properties measured at 21.6 ° C. and 44% relative humidity:
• a layer of latex A of thickness 1 ⁇ m _ is deposited by 20 centrifugation on the convex face of an ophthalmic lens based on Orma® (Essilor), with a radius of curvature 120 mm, according to the following conditions:
• the layer of latex thus deposited retains its properties for ten seconds, the period of time which defines the process window during which the transfer must be carried out.
• the method cited in example is optimized for a digital holographic pattern composed of elementary square pixels of dimension 1 ⁇ m on a side.
• the membrane 11 of the tampon carries on its surface a microrelief consisting of hollows 12 and protrusions 13 of rectangular profile as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.a.
• the depth of the microrelief is 1 ⁇ m.
• the holographic pattern has characteristics such that the width of the protrusions of the microrelief carried by the membrane 11 and measured along an axis parallel to an edge of the square pixels varies between 1 ⁇ m and 85 ⁇ m depending on the zone of the buffer considered.
• the pattern to be transferred is molded in Sylgard® 184 (11) (Dow Corning).
• Sylgard® 184 (11) (Dow Corning).
• the properties of this material after polymerization at 100 ° C. for 1 hour are as follows:
• the metal layer is obtained by vacuum evaporation.
• the appropriate metallic material is placed in a crucible and heated by the Joule effect. Evaporation is carried out on the Sylgard® 184 pad which has not undergone any prior surface preparation.
• a 30 nm thick layer is obtained by evaporating 99.9% purity gold.
• a layer 30 nm thick is obtained by evaporating aluminum pellets with a purity of 99.5%.
• the metal layer evaporates on the same day as the transfer step on the ophthalmic lens.
• Transfer (Fig. 2b.)
• the transfer of the layer 14 is done selectively: only the portions of material initially located on the protrusions (13) of the pad are transferred.
• the transferred holographic pattern is of the amplitude hologram type.
• the protuberances of the surface of the tampon can fully penetrate the layer of latex.
• the transfer of the layer 14 is complete: all the portions of the transferable layer 14 present on the protrusions 13 and the recesses 12b are transferred.
• the complete transfer of the portions of the layer 14 is accompanied by the permanent depression of the layer of latex, reproducing the microrelief complementary to the microrelief constituting the pattern P of the tampon.
• the transferred holographic pattern is of the phase hologram type, covered with a metallic layer.
• the stamping is done orthogonally to the surface.
• the buffering pressure applied depends on the result of the transfer, and therefore the method of implementing the invention:
• this pressure is less than a P ⁇ mite pressure: the transfer is selective; this is the first mode of implementation of the invention: amplitude hologram. If this pressure is greater than a Pnmite pressure: the transfer is complete, and is accompanied by the permanent sinking of the layer of Latex, reproducing the microrelief complementary to the microrelief constituting the pattern P on the pad.
• j m jt e is determined for a 30 nm layer of gold or aluminum, on the latex deposited under the conditions described above.
• the pressure applied for stamping the tampon on the convex face of an ophthalmic lens (with a radius of curvature 120 mm) covered with a layer of latex deposited under the conditions described above is 1.5 g / mm 2 .
• the transfer of the 30nm gold layer is selective; the hologram obtained is an amplitude hologram.
• the pressure applied for stamping the tampon on the convex face of an ophthalmic lens (with a radius of curvature 120 mm) covered with a layer of latex deposited under the conditions described above is 1.5 g / mm 2 .
• the transfer of the 30 nm aluminum layer is complete, and the latex layer is permanently inserted, so that the microrelief of the latex layer is the microrelief complementary to the microrelief constituting the pattern P on the surface of the pad.
• the hologram obtained is a phase hologram.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
• Holo Graphy (AREA)
• Eyeglasses (AREA)
• Polarising Elements (AREA)
• Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)

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• 2006
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