WO2007065111A2 - Chargeur de batterie/d'alimentation variable intelligent a piles - Google Patents

Chargeur de batterie/d'alimentation variable intelligent a piles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007065111A2
WO2007065111A2 PCT/US2006/061359 US2006061359W WO2007065111A2 WO 2007065111 A2 WO2007065111 A2 WO 2007065111A2 US 2006061359 W US2006061359 W US 2006061359W WO 2007065111 A2 WO2007065111 A2 WO 2007065111A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
power supply
supply system
powered
power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/061359
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2007065111A3 (fr
Inventor
David A. Fishman
Original Assignee
Charge2Go, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Charge2Go, Inc. filed Critical Charge2Go, Inc.
Priority to US12/095,340 priority Critical patent/US20080290855A1/en
Publication of WO2007065111A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007065111A2/fr
Publication of WO2007065111A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007065111A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule

Definitions

  • the rechargeable battery is the most common means used for powering handheld devices such as cellular phones, PDA's, MP3 players, and the like.
  • Rechargeable batteries have many benefits, including a reduced impact on the environment and allowing a user the convenience of simply recharging the battery by coupling it to a source of power.
  • the rechargeable battery runs down, the user recharges the battery, usually from a wall powered battery charger.
  • Chargers have also been developed that provide charging capability from a disposable battery source, such as a single-cell AA battery.
  • a disposable battery source such as a single-cell AA battery.
  • the Charge2Go charger includes build-in charging and charging control circuitry and works well with handheld devices that do not contain built-in battery charging and charging control.
  • PMU Power Management Unit
  • One example of a PMU is the Freescale MC13890 illustrated in Figure 1 as PMU 100.
  • a power input 102 comprises a USB-OTG (Universal Serial Bus - On- The-Go) block, and an internal battery charger block 104 is built in to the PMU 100 and is directly connected to a Lithium battery 106.
  • USB interfaces such as power input 102 are the most common interfaces used on data storage and computing devices, a growing number of handheld devices, e.g. Razr ® and Blackberry ® , use a mini-USB connector and the associated 5V/500mA power interface used also with the USB-OTG standard.
  • Known battery-powered battery chargers such as the prior art Charge2Go solution described above, are not fully compatible with products that incorporate the now frequently-used PMU ASIC and USB power architectures.
  • One method for meeting the USB output requirements is to utilize a Switched-Mode
  • SMPS Power Supply
  • AA batteries 204 powered by AA batteries 204, as shown in Figure 2.
  • This system uses a step-up switching power supply architecture to achieve a 5V/500mA power output from a lower input voltage, for the duration of the charging process.
  • this approach inadequately addresses the following problems:
  • Heat is a problem in two places, the power supply and the draining AA battery.
  • the power supply heat is expressed in terms of the silicon junction temperature and is directly proportional to the power supply efficiency.
  • the battery ambient temperature should not exceed 54°C for an AA alkaline battery, and is related to the current drain, internal resistance and battery case thermal resistance to ambient air. Since the SMPS has fixed power-delivery values, the SMPS always delivers the same charge values, even for situations where they could be reduced.
  • the traditional approach is to have a fixed 5V/500mA output, which is 2.5W, even though the USB spec allows a voltage as low as 4.35V and lower currents. Furthermore, heat is a problem when the AA battery voltage drops, requiring a greater input current to supply the constant 5V/500mA output.
  • the power supply size is an important factor for the customer and the solution of Figure 2 requires a relatively large power supply because it is sized for worst case AA input voltage and current and worst case load current, resulting in the need to use a larger inductor, switch and filter capacitors.
  • the power supply performance is measured in terms of handheld device run-time, or percent completeness of internal battery recharge.
  • the solution of Figure 2 does not adequately meet this performance requirement because the power supply is sized to deliver a constant 5V/500mA output, even though it is not strictly required. This drains the AA power source more quickly, which is less efficient for a battery and more of the battery energy is expended in heat and less is used to recharge the battery in the handheld device.
  • the battery powered power supply should be able to power and/or charge a supported device regardless of the state the device is in.
  • the voltage and current provided should be safely within the operating range for the device being powered.
  • the solution of Figure 2 does not accommodate this compatibility issue very well because not all handheld devices are compatible with a USB power supply, only those with PMU's. Thus, the solution illustrated in Figure 2 is not "backwards" compatible.
  • the present invention is a battery-powered power supply system that is fully compatible with PMU ASIC and USB power architectures as well as being backwards compatible with the non-PMU power architectures.
  • a battery-powered power supply utilizes a battery source (e.g., two AA battery cells in series), in a circuit including a switching power supply IC with a programmable variable output voltage and current limiter, along with a microcontroller.
  • the invention also includes a flashlight, which has utility beyond the obvious uses.
  • the voltage and current supplied by the system of the present invention is controlled by the microcontroller to provide a variable voltage, variable as a function of time, if desired, during the charging operation.
  • the flexibility afforded by a micro-controller controlled system allows the present invention to operate in different power or operational states and to adapt itself to the load demands.
  • a unique power "boost" feature can be invoked by the user or be automatically invoked.
  • the present invention has three basic operational states for the power supply. These states are referred to herein as standard, adaptive and pre-programmed states.
  • the states are selected by the state of a sense pin input associated with the power jack. When the sense pin is shorted to ground, the power supply is programmed to a predetermined standard output (standard state). When the sense pin is left unconnected, the system will adapt itself to provide an output voltage suitable to power or charge the load (adaptive state). When a resistance is placed on the sense pin to ground, the system will operate in a predetermined way (pre-programmed state), depending on the resistance value.
  • the micro-controller may invoke a time limit and/or involve other features in this pre-programmed state. Further embodiments include automatic sensing of the particular mode required for the particular battery needing to be charged; a built-in battery tester for testing the battery upon initial insertion and on an ongoing basis; and a battery-type classifier to identify the type of battery chemistry used to power the charger of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a Freescale MC13890 PMU
  • Figure 2 illustrates a method for meeting USB output requirements utilizing a Switched-Mode Power Supply
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the basic elements of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a system diagram illustrating the present invention with various optional embodiments
  • Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating steps that can be performed by the micro-controller to determine if it needs to enter the Lithium- VI mode;
  • Figure 6 is a graph illustrating the voltage 402 and current 404 as it transitions from Boost- VI to Normal- VI modes
  • Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the present invention in the automatic timed Boost- VI mode
  • Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the present invention in the manual Boost- VI mode
  • Figure 9 illustrates a third embodiment for the standard state, the automatic boosting of the charging level only if the load does not draw enough current
  • Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an algorithm that can perform the above-described process.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Figure 3 illustrates the basic elements of the present invention.
  • a variable power supply 302 receives power from AA batteries 304, and the power supplied by variable power supply 302 is controlled by microcontroller 306.
  • the mode sense pin 310 is incorporated into the same jack that provides the power supply output power to the load.
  • the DC state of the mode sense pin 310 determines whether the power supply will operate in standard, adaptive or pre-programmed states.
  • the system illustrated in Figure 3 reduces heat and improves performance during the charging process by maximizing efficiency, and achieves compatibility with handheld devices with or without PMU/USB power architectures, by virtue of having the output voltage-current (VI) controlled by the micro-controller.
  • the micro-controller can control the charging operation with the levels of charge delivered being variable in nature instead of being fixed at a single level.
  • the micro-controller is configured, using known software programming techniques, to perform the various functions described in more detail below.
  • FIG. 4 is a system diagram illustrating the present invention with various optional embodiments and will now be used to describe the operation of the various operating states of the present invention.
  • a variable power supply 402 e.g., a switched mode power supply
  • the battery source 404 directly powers the microcontroller and its voltage level is monitored by the A/D input of micro-controller 406.
  • Variable power supply 402 is also coupled to micro-controller 406 via a power supply VI control interface which allows the microcontroller full control over the power supply output voltage and current.
  • the microcontroller monitors the power supply voltage and current levels using A/D circuits, as well as the mode sense 418 as will be described below.
  • Power jack 414 connects to the device and/or battery to be charged via output 416 and the mode sense pin 418.
  • Adapter 420 mechanically adapts the universal power jack of the system to the custom power plug used by the load device. It also contains the mode sense resistance and/or components that the load device needs for the system to be able to power the load device.
  • a button switch 408 is coupled to micro-controller 406 to enable the activation of the charger, flashlight or boost charge capability.
  • a precision voltage reference 410 coupled to micro-controller 406 to establish an AID voltage reference in a system where the power sources are variable.
  • LED flashlight 412 is coupled to micro-controller 406. LED flashlight 412, in addition to providing a light source, also provides a characterized load for performing battery input "state of freshness" testing under load.
  • Power jack 414 has a mode sense pin 418 that is coupled to a third A/D input of micro-controller 406.
  • the purpose of mode sense pin 418 is to select the operating mode of the charger.
  • the present invention can operate in at least three states: standard, adaptive and pre-programmed. The previously mentioned states are invoked when the mode sense pin is grounded, left open or terminated in a resistor, respectively.
  • the power supply can assume one of three modes of the standard state. These are the Lithium- VI, Normal- VI and Boost- VI modes. In the Lithium- VI mode the power supply VI is programmed to 4.1V/300mA. In the normal-VI mode, the VI is 4.5V/300mA and in the boost mode the VI is 5V/500mA. Other modes could be used, but for the purpose of this example, they re limited to these three.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating steps that can be performed by the micro-controller to determine if it needs to enter the Lithium- VI mode.
  • the charge activation button is activated to begin the charging process.
  • the power supply that supplies charging power is turned off so that it can sense the presence of the Lithium-Ion battery at the power jack.
  • the voltage at the power jack is measured using known measurement techniques to determine if it is in the range of a Lithium battery, somewhere between depleted (2.3V) and fully charged (4.2V).
  • a determination is made as to whether or not the voltage is greater than or equal to two volts.
  • step 510 the micro-controller configures the power supply to provide a voltage that does not exceed 4.1 volts. If, however, at step 508, it is determined that the voltage is less than 2 volts, this identifies the load device as having a PMU or another power architecture where there is a onboard charger or control electronics placed between the battery and the external charger connections.
  • step 512 the micro-controller programs the power supply to supply Normal-VI power charging characteristics.
  • the two other modes in the standard state are the Normal-VI and Boost- VI modes. In one embodiment, the charger will initially begin the charge process in the Boost- VI mode and automatically throttle back to the Normal-VI mode after a timed period.
  • variable power supply 302 In a typical operation of the standard state, when not in the Lithium VI mode, the variable power supply 302 operates in the start-up stage, providing a full 5V and 500mA boost charge, as the default start-up mode, and after about 2 minutes throttle back to the normal- VI mode. This is especially important since many USB powered handheld devices have extra current demands during start-up after the handheld device internal battery is fully discharged. It is understood that the actual duration of any of the charge modes can vary and two minutes is used for the purpose of example.
  • Figure 6 is a graph illustrating the voltage 602 and current 604 as it transitions from Boost- VI to Normal-VI modes.
  • Voltage line 602 shows that the voltage starts out at 5V and then drops to 4.2V
  • current line 604 shows that at the same time the voltage is at 5V, the current is at 500mA, and when the voltage transistions to 4.2V the current transitions to 300mA.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the present invention in the automatic timed Boost- VI mode.
  • the charge activation button is activated to begin the charging process.
  • the micro-controller begins timing the amount of time elapsed since the voltage/current boost mode was entered.
  • the timer is checked to see if it has timed out yet. If it has not timed out, the process continues to check for the expiration of the timer. If, at step 708, it is determined that the timer has expired, then at step 710, the micro-controller controls the power supply to drop the charging power to the Normal-VI level.
  • Step 802 depicts the situation where the charger is being operated at the Normal-VI charging level for the battery being charged. At some point a determination is made to boost the charging to a higher level. This might occur, for example, when the user has observed that the device connected to the charger is not responding to the charger in the accustomed way, e.g. there is no charge indication.
  • step 804 a determination is made as to whether or not the boost activation button has been activated. If it has not been activated, the process proceeds back to step 804 to await such activation.
  • the charging voltage is boosted to a desired level.
  • a timer begins timing the amount of time that the charging is occurring at the boosted level. If, at step 808, it is determined that the time has not yet expired, the timer is continually monitored until such time as it is determined that the timer has expired. Once the timer has expired, at step 810, the charging is returned to the normal level.
  • the user invoked Boost- VI mode may be permanent for the remaining charge cycle (and thus it does not time out).
  • Figure 9 illustrates a third embodiment for the standard state, the automatic boosting of the charging level only if the load does not draw enough current indicating that the voltage level at the charger output is insufficient to adequately support the charging needs of the device the charger is connected to.
  • the charge activation button is pressed, thereby beginning the charging process.
  • the value of the load current is identified. If the value of the load current is above a predetermined threshold then the process continues monitoring the load current threshold at step 908. If, however, it is determined at step 908 that the load current is beneath the load current threshold, then at step 910, the charging power is automatically boosted to the Boost- VI charging level. As with previous embodiments, at step 912, the timer is monitored and if it expires, the charging level is returned to normal at step 914. This current threshold is set low to encompass even the lightest charging loads.
  • the adaptive power supply VI state of the present invention is now described in detail.
  • the adaptive state is invoked when the user presses the charging button 408 and the mode sense pin 418 on Figure 4 is open-circuited.
  • the adaptive state involves configuring microcontroller 406 with an algorithm that causes the microcontroller 406 to use the output voltage and current limit capability of the variable power supply 402 to perform a set of load line measurements on the handheld device to be charged.
  • FIG 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an algorithm that can perform the above-described process. This method involves the micro-controller and the variable power supply working together to learn the V-I characteristics of the load and to select a power supply output based on the information.
  • the charge activation button is activated, thereby beginning the learning charging process.
  • the microcontroller is initializing the variable "increment" to zero (clearing it).
  • the power supply output is incremented from 3 volts to 5.5 volts.
  • a delay in of typically few seconds is instituted to allow stabilization of the load as it recognizes and adapts to the change in power supply voltage.
  • the load current is measured and saved in an array.
  • a determination is made as to whether or not the output is equal to 5.5 volts (in this example).
  • the process proceeds to step 1016, where the micro-controller configures the variable power supply to output a charging voltage which yields a load current that is at least 50% (arbitrarily chosen) of the maximum current. Using a value of 50% (as opposed to 100%, for example) increases the efficiency by which energy is drawn out of the battery because it done at a slower rate and thus at a reduced heat level.
  • step 1014 the micro-controller increments the variable
  • step 1006 the power supply output voltage is reprogrammed to a voltage equal to 3V + Increment.
  • the third mode the pre-programmed VI state, is now described.
  • this mode is determined by the resistance value attached to the mode sense pin.
  • a power adapter connects between the charging/power device and the battery powered equipment.
  • the power adapter circuits one or more specific to a particular portable device or group of devices, can place a resistance on the mode sense pin, to indicate if there should be a VI power boost or not, and for how long, or to have the power supply produce a different voltage, current or to place the system into a different mode.
  • the micro-controller may be instructed to switch an input rechargeable battery power source to the output connector so that an external charger can now recharge the power source.
  • the external resistor may place the flashlight 412 into a special mode such as flashing SOS or flashing to a specific beat or tempo, or flashing to the rhythm of an external audio signal applied on the mode sense pin.
  • the resistor can affect any individual feature or combine many of tfiese features into one mode.
  • the limitation of the number of different modes is a function of the resolution of the AJD converter, e.g., a 10-bit A/D has a theoretical limitation of 1024 modes.
  • a common problem with battery powered devices is to know when to replace the batteries.
  • the best way to determine the state of battery charge is to test them under load. Incorporated with this design is a battery test that occurs with initial battery insertion and an ongoing battery test that lights an LED when the battery level is low. The initial battery test also indicates the battery charge level, not only good or bad. The battery is tested under load by using the LED flashlight as the load.
  • a special test of the voltage reference is performed using known software techniques to insure that the battery level measurements will be accurate. The special test is used to test the reference function without resorting to using another precision reference.
  • Another aspect of this design is to latch the test results so that if the battery level drops below the threshold during operation under load, and when the load is removed, the battery level rebounds, the low-battery indicator will remain active until the battery is replaced.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention incorporates a classifier to classify the battery type that powers the charger.
  • the battery powered power supply may be powered by alkaline or rechargeable batteries.
  • the run-down operation of the power supply may diminish the cycle-life of the rechargeable batteries by subjecting them to a deep discharge.
  • a method for performing such classification is shown in Figure 11. To solve this problem a series of differential voltage measurements are performed on the input batteries under loaded and unloaded conditions upon initially battery insertion. Based upon these measurements it is possible to be fairly accurate with battery classification, especially if fresh batteries are inserted. With this information the power supply software is able to cut-off battery drain earlier with rechargeable batteries so that they are not deeply discharged and lose cycle life as a result.
  • step 1102 fresh batteries are inserted in the power supply system of the present invention.
  • step 1104 a determination is made as to whether or not the voltage reference headroom is at a sufficient level. If it is not, a "low battery" bit is set at step 1106. If it is, then at step 1108, the voltage of the battery without any load is measured.
  • step 1110 a determination is made as to whether or not the unloaded voltage is greater than or equal to 2.9V. If it is not, the process proceeds to step 1112, where the light source (e.g. the flashlight) is turned on, the battery voltage (now under load) is measured, and then the light source is turned off. The process then proceeds to step 1114, where the loaded voltage is subtracted from the unloaded voltage, and it is determined if that value is less than 20OmV.
  • the light source e.g. the flashlight
  • step 1120 it is determined that the battery is not fresh, and the battery is prevented form being deep discharged but it is not allowed to be recharged, as a safety precaution. The process then proceeds to step 1122, described below. If at step 1114 it is determined that the subtracted value is less than
  • a "rechargeable battery” bit is set, and at step 1118 a "battery OK" indicator is flashed to indicate same.
  • step 1110 If at step 1110 it is determined that the unloaded battery voltage is greater than or equal to 2.9V, then at step 1124 a "non-rechargeable battery” bit is set, and then at step 1126 the light source (e.g. the flashlight) is turned on, the battery voltage (now under load) is measured, and then the light source is turned off. The process then proceeds to step 1122.
  • the light source e.g. the flashlight
  • the battery powered power supply described herein is uniquely matched to the growing number of handheld devices that utilize on-board battery chargers implemented in PMU or another ASIC. In addition, the device is backwards compatible with products that still depend on an external battery charger to charge the internal lithium battery. Special features are added, such as a battery tester and classifier, to improve the customer experience and provide consistent performance. The conceived product bundles in a LED flashlight, which is a useful adjunct in time of emergency.
  • Software programming code which embodies the present invention is typically stored in permanent storage. In a client/server environment, such software programming code may be stored with storage associated with a server.
  • the software programming code may be embodied on any of a variety of known media for use with a data processing system, such as a diskette, or hard drive, or CD-ROM.
  • the code may be distributed on such media, or may be distributed to users from the memory or storage of one computer system over a network of some type to other computer systems for use by users of such other systems.
  • the techniques and methods for embodying software program code on physical media and/or distributing software code via networks are well known and will not be further discussed herein.
  • program instructions may be provided to a processor to produce a machine, such that the instructions that execute on the processor create means for implementing the functions specified in the illustrations.
  • the computer program instructions may be executed by a processor to cause a series of operational steps to be performed by the processor to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the processor provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the illustrations. Accordingly, the figures support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of steps for performing the specified functions, and program instruction means for performing the specified functions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un système d'alimentation à piles entièrement compatible avec des architectures d'alimentation PMU ASIC et USB et rétroactivement compatible avec des architectures non PMU. Une alimentation à piles utilise une source de batterie (par exemple, deux cellules de batterie AA en série), dans un circuit comportant un circuit intégré d'alimentation à découpage avec une tension de sortie variable programmable et un limiteur de courant, conjointement avec un microcontrôleur. L'invention peut également inclure une lampe torche ou source lumineuse analogue, qui présente une utilité dépassant les utilisations évidentes d'une lampe torche. La tension et le courant fournis par le système de la présente invention sont contrôlés par le microcontrôleur pour la fourniture d'une tension variable, variable dans le temps, le cas échéant, lors de l'opération de charge. La flexibilité procurée par un système commandé par un microcontrôleur permet le fonctionnement de la présente invention dans différents états d'alimentation ou de fonctionnement et son adaptation à des demandes de charge. En outre, un élément unique d'amplification d'alimentation peut être mis en service par l'utilisateur ou automatiquement.
PCT/US2006/061359 2005-11-29 2006-11-29 Chargeur de batterie/d'alimentation variable intelligent a piles WO2007065111A2 (fr)

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US12/095,340 US20080290855A1 (en) 2005-11-29 2006-11-29 Battery Powered Intelligent Variable Power Supply/Battery Charger

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US74037005P 2005-11-29 2005-11-29
US60/740,370 2005-11-29
US82134806P 2006-08-03 2006-08-03
US60/821,348 2006-08-03

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CN102637037B (zh) * 2012-05-10 2017-07-21 宁夏电力公司吴忠供电局 一种巡线机器人电源的监控方法

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US20080290855A1 (en) 2008-11-27
WO2007065111A3 (fr) 2008-04-24

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