WO2007060131A2

WO2007060131A2 - Electromechanical locking cylinder and method for controlling the unlocking of an electromechanical locking cylinder

Info

Publication number: WO2007060131A2
Application number: PCT/EP2006/068564
Authority: WO
Inventors: Oliver Simons
Original assignee: Palladio Systeme Gmbh
Priority date: 2005-11-24
Filing date: 2006-11-16
Publication date: 2007-05-31
Also published as: EP2088265A1; DE202006020696U1; EP1951976A2; WO2007060131A3

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromechanical locking cylinder. According to the invention, said cylinder is characterised by a housing part (5) that is connected to a receptacle (4) containing a regenerative energy source (1), an energy accumulator (2) and evaluation and control electronics (3). In one embodiment, the regenerative energy source (1) is a photovoltaic energy source (10) and/or a thermocapacitive generator that is combined with energy storage means (15) in the form of an internal battery. In another advantageous embodiment, the rotating core (20) is provided with an electrically conductive contact for a charging current from a battery unit (27), which is integrated into a key (30), to the energy storage means (15) that is associated with the locking cylinder. A method for controlling the unlocking of an electromechanical locking cylinder is characterised in that at least one thermomechanical actuator (40), situated in a locking cylinder, is driven by an energy pulse with a defined duration and intensity or with a defined pulse-pause rate, said pulse acting on a series of locking pins (45) to release the blocking of the core rotation of the locking cylinder.

Description

Electromechanical lock cylinder and method for unlocking an electromechanical lock cylinder

description

The invention relates to an electromechanical lock cylinder according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for unlocking control of an electromechanical lock cylinder according to the preamble of claim 11.

In addition to the purely mechanical, d .h. Only by the introduction of keys to be operated locking systems and lock cylinders are increasingly electronic or electromechanical lock cylinder in use, which offer an increased level of security due to their construction. Such locking systems or lock cylinders can be very advantageously integrated into comprehensive surveillance and building security systems. In general, electromechanical or electronic lock cylinders have a self-sufficient power supply in order to be able to operate them independently of the mains.

However, the presently used locking systems and access control systems are disadvantageous in their application in many respects. Electromechanical lock cylinders are more complicated than purely mechanical lock cylinders and require regular maintenance and inspection for these reasons. For example, the batteries of such lock cylinders must be checked regularly, usually within a few months, for their charge state and, if necessary, replaced or recharged. The associated workload and the annoyance when a battery change was missed and the lock cylinder has become dysfunctional for this reason and must be drilled, is very understandable reasons very disadvantageous. In addition, the batteries and the evaluation of such systems are usually housed in chunky and bulky knobs or handles on the lock cylinder or in very elaborate ID carriers that architecturally, aesthetically or purely practical see reasons for the building operators and users are difficult to accept.

Furthermore, the regular data maintenance for a decentralized distributed in the building locking system is associated with great effort. In the systems available today, updates of access lists with data carriers must be individually transferred to the lock cylinders. This involves time-consuming maintenance work, especially if the access lists need to be updated daily.

Not least, the currently available electronic or electromechanical lock cylinders lack a sensor that provides the administrator or security personnel information about the closing and locking state of the doors. Persons who enter the door as a companion of a key carrier are not recognized. This information must also be obtained through wired sensors or cameras.

The invention has for its object to solve these problems presented. In addition, a way to specify a locking or unlocking for an electromechanical lock cylinder, which allows in a simple manner a very effective and reliable locking that can not be influenced by external manipulations or at least only with a disproportionate effort.

The object is achieved with an electromechanical lock cylinder having the features of claim 1 and a method for unlocking control with the features of claim 11, wherein the dependent claims contain expedient embodiments and features of the lock cylinder and the method.

According to the electromechanical Schließzyl indians is characterized by a connected to a regenerative energy source, an energy storage and an evaluation and control electronics container housing part. The container is therefore not covered with the door leaf as usual. but forms part of the lock cylinder itself. Thus, the container with the electronic components is inevitably placed exactly where usually the door fittings or rosettes are located. The container can thus be designed as a part of a door fitting so the outer impression easily.

The regenerative energy source makes a check on a state of charge of a battery or a rechargeable battery superfluous, the energy storage compensates for charging peaks and times with undersupplies. The evaluation and control electronics establishes the communicative connection to a comprehensive safety and monitoring system and controls the closing and unlocking processes.

The regenerative energy source is a photovoltaic energy source and / or a thermo-capacitive generator in conjunction with an energy buffering. The photovoltaic energy source uses the existing energy in the room from the lighting, the thermo-capacitive generator sets a temperature gradient between an environment and an interior into electrical energy to operate the lock cylinder.

A rotating core of the lock cylinder can be provided in a preferred embodiment with arranged at the end pieces antenna sections for wireless data transmission with a central system management. This eliminates a cumbersome, time-consuming and time-consuming expiration of the lock cylinder for reading transponders or contact-based devices for detecting a closed state. The antenna sections send in a simple manner the respective operating state, for example, stored access authorizations and current access logs, lock and lock state of the door. Charge state of the battery, lighting conditions on the inside of the door, etc., wirelessly to a central monitoring device.

In a particularly expedient embodiment, the energy store can also be used as a part of a closing means which fits the lock cylinder, in particular special of a key, be formed, which is provided for an energy transfer to the lock cylinder. As a result, the energy-consuming parts of the lock cylinder are automatically powered with each closing operation with energy.

The termination pieces of the rotating core are expediently made of a ceramic material. Ceramic materials have an electrically insulating effect but are neutral to electromagnetic interactions.

Therefore, in an advantageous embodiment, capacitive, inductive and / or radio transmission devices may be included in the ceramic end caps.

The ceramic end pieces expediently have a shape which facilitate or permit the transmission of force between the key and the rotating core of the lock cylinder.

The rotating core has at least one arrangement of blocking elements displaceable by level-varying lateral formations of the key and the housing of the locking cylinder has at least one recess for accommodating the shifting arrangement of the blocking elements, the interaction of the at least one arrangement of the blocking elements and the recess pulling out the locking elements Key only at a defined angular position of the rotating core allows.

As a result, the key can only be inserted or pulled out into the lock in a position that is unique for the user.

In one embodiment, an electrically conductive contacting for a charging current of an external battery unit integrated in the closing means, in particular the key, in the rotating core is provided in an electrical energy store assigned to the locking cylinder. This contacting allows the aforementioned charging of the energy Memory of the electromagnetic lock cylinder by means of the inserted key at each closing.

Furthermore, a capacitive sensor for detecting a lock state, a lock state and for events in the near field of the lock cylinder can additionally be provided. The lock cylinder can thus not only perform a mere locking and locking function, but also monitoring and control functions.

In one embodiment, the capacitive sensor is formed of a first resonant circuit having a reference frequency and a second voltage-controlled oscillatory circuit having a second frequency differing from the reference frequency by a defined amount, resulting in a calibrated and frequency-changing mixed frequency resulting from both frequencies, the interval clocked is measured. The change in the natural frequency of a resonant circuit under the influence of changing environmental influences is a very sensitive and easily traceable measure.

To adjust the oscillator voltage of the second oscillatory circuit, an adjustment circuit is provided in an expedient embodiment. This circuit keeps the mixing frequency at a defined difference frequency between the reference frequency and the second frequency and outputs an adjustment voltage for the defined difference frequency. Thus, the adjustment voltage forms a metrologically easily detected measurement signal.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the adjustment circuit includes an interrupt at a vanishing mixing frequency. In this case, the interval clocking of the mixed frequency measurements is accelerated after activating the interrupt. A vanishing mixing frequency indicates a significant change in the environment of the capacitive sensor, such as the approach of a person, the opening of the door, etc., and thus leads to an active setting of the sensor. Conveniently, a detection unit is additionally provided over the variable adjustment voltage, which performs an event classification in the vicinity of the capacitive sensor. The detection unit registers the exact nature and shape of the changed measurement signal and thereby determines the exact nature of the disturbance occurring in the sensor area.

In an expedient embodiment, the detection unit determines the event classification from the quotient between measured mixing frequency change and setting voltage multiplied by a measured time duration of the mixing frequency change. From empirical investigations it has been found that the value determined by this relation is particularly clearly and well distinguishable correlated with the respective types of disturbances in the range of the capacitive sensor.

It is particularly advantageous if the container of the lock cylinder corresponds in shape and appearance to a conventional lock cylinder rosette and / or a conventional door fitting. For a viewer, this gives the impression that the door fitting and cylinder are structurally designed according to the conventional installation methods and have not been technically altered. This is particularly advantageous in the areas of burglary protection, but also in the field of historic preservation and architecture.

A method for unlocking an electronic lock cylinder according to the invention is characterized in that at least one arranged in a lock cylinder thermo-mechanical actuator is driven by an energy pulse with a fixed duration and strength and / or a fixed pulse-pause ratio, this on a number locking pins so acts to cancel a blockage of the core rotation of the lock cylinder.

The arranged in the lock cylinder locking pins are thus not or not brought exclusively by the shape of a key in the unlocked position. Rather, the thermo-mechanical actuator provides within the Locking cylinder for the locking pins are brought into the unlocked position.

In a specific embodiment of the method, when heated, the at least one thermo-mechanical actuator displaces at least one locking pin associated therewith against an oppositely acting spring force from the rotating core so far that its free rotation is made possible. When the actuator cools, a return movement of the at least one locking pin takes place as a result of the spring force, so that when the rotating core rotates in the closed position, the locking pin can engage in a locking position.

This has the advantage that the actuator only has to come into action at the moment when the unlocking process is to be carried out. The holding of the lock cylinder in the unlocked position does not take place by the action of the actuator, but by the design of the lock cylinder. This also leads to the locking position of the locking pins is made in a self-closing again. As a result, the actuator is stressed only for a short time, does not wear out so quickly, and the power consumption for the operation of the actuator is reduced to a minimum.

By measuring the external ambient temperature, the optimum amount of energy for operating the thermomechanical actuator is determined in an expedient embodiment of the method. Proper functioning of the actuator is checked by means of a control measurement of its internal resistance.

This takes into account that the functionality of a thermo-mechanical actuator is sensitive to the temperature gradient between the actuator and its surroundings. If the ambient temperature is too low, an amount of energy placed on the actuator will not result in a proper actuator function. The amount of energy must be increased in this case. Therefore, the prevailing ambient temperature is determined and the energy amount is adjusted accordingly. Furthermore is O

the internal resistance of the actuator is of importance, because its size is a measure of the heating of the actuator when exposed to a given amount of energy. If the internal resistance of the actuator falls below a certain value, it may be that the application of an energy amount to the actuator no longer leads to a proper actuator function. The measurement of the internal resistance of the actuator can detect this condition early and signal.

Conveniently, the first at least one thermo-mechanical actuator counteracts an alternating second actuator, so that in an impermissible manipulation attempt by an external heat by means of the second actuator caused by the first actuator unlocking is made ineffective by a lock. This ensures that the unlocking can take place exclusively only by the energy pulse acting on the first actuator.

It is expedient if the locking effected by the second actuator starts earlier than the unlocking of the first actuator due to a lower transformation temperature. As a result, the second actuator locks early in a manipulation attempt, whereby the security effect of the process is significantly enhanced.

An electromechanical lock cylinder for carrying out said method is characterized by at least one thermo-mechanical actuator acting on the lock pins of the lock cylinder and sliding the lock pins into an unlocking state in conjunction with a power source for operating the actuator.

Conveniently, the at least one thermo-mechanical actuator includes a memory metal with a first holding the locking pins in a locking position and a second form holding the locking pins in an unlocked position. Such memory metals assume a shape impressed upon them in the state of heating as a result of changes in the microstructure. This pushes the locking pins in the unlocked position. The arrangement expediently consists of at least two thermomechanical actuators in an alternately acting arrangement, wherein, in the case of an external manipulative heat action, the first actuator holds at least one first locking pin in an unlocking position and the second actuator holds at least one second locking pin in a locking position.

In another unlockable embodiment, the second actuator is formed of a first and a second locking member connected by a memory metal. In this arrangement, by an inserted key the memory metal extended under heat by a effected by the key body displacement of the first locking member compressible and the second actuator from the locking position into the unlocking position can be transferred.

Such an embodiment offers the safety-relevant advantage that, for example, in a fire in which the second actuator occupies a locked position by the action of heat, the Schl iesszylinder is unlockable at any time by means of a key escape doors do not remain blocked and get trapped in a room people at any time On the other hand, the complete security and resilience of the lock cylinder against external manipulation is ensured.

The inventive electromechanical lock cylinder and the method for unlocking control will now be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. The same reference numbers are used for identical or identically acting parts. To illustrate the figures serve 1 to 6.

It shows:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the lock cylinder with a container for receiving the regenerative energy source, the energy storage and the evaluation and control electronics, 2 is a schematic representation of the lock cylinder with a container with an integrated photovoltaic cell,

3 shows an exemplary embodiment for an ID carrier with a photovoltaic cell integrated in the ID carrier,

4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a thermo-mechanical coupling element and an actuator according to the memory metal principle,

5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a thermo-mechanical coupling element in combination with an alternately acting second coupling element for anti-tampering,

Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a lock cylinder with a capacitive sensor for detecting closure and locking states and near field events in the door area.

7 shows a schematic representation of the lock cylinder core with a lateral ball arrangement for an angle-dependent key lock,

Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of the lock cylinder core, each with two laterally placed balls with an enlarged by a memory metal distance

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the lock cylinder with a container. The lock cylinder C is connected to a resting on a door leaf B container 4, which receives the regenerative energy source 1, the energy storage 2 and the electronics 3 of the lock cylinder. The external shape of the container 4 corresponds to the conventional form of a door fitting or a lock cylinder rosette and sits in a similar manner in the vicinity of a door handle A. The container is located exactly where according to the relevant building standards firmly connected to the door leaf Rosettes or door fittings are attached. When viewed from the outside, door fitting and lock cylinder thus correspond to the known building standards, although a technical difference can not be deduced from the mold alone.

The container 4 is not connected to the door leaf B, but with the housing 5 of the lock cylinder C. The rotating core in the interior of the lock cylinder is extended to the top of the container 4 and protrudes from this with an end piece 25. The container 4 and the lock cylinder C thus form a unit.

At the end of the rotating core is placed a ceramic dome with an antenna placed on the dome. On the opposite side of a ceramic dome is also attached to the end of the rotating core, so that it is formed with an opposite pair of antennas. The pair of antennas connected to the lock cylinder allows wireless communication with an external and central radio center. This communication is used to comfortably update the access data for each of the distributed system components in the building. Dad urch eliminates a tedious expiration of each lock cylinder within the building with a "data spoon".

The container 4 may be connected in addition to the connection with the housing of the cylinder with the door leaf, the opposite rosette or the opposite door fitting. Advantageously, the container 4 is placed on the inside of the door.

As shown in FIG. 2, the container 4 serves to receive a regenerative energy source 1, an energy store 2 and an evaluation and control electronics 3. The regenerative energy source 1 is designed in the example of FIG. 2 as a solar cell. Alternatively, a thermo-capacitive generator is also considered. In an advantageous embodiment, the surface of the container 4 consists of the solar cell or is covered with such. Particularly favorable is the use of a low-light Solar cell, which provides sufficient current efficiency even with diffused scattered light or a selective light spectrum. The solar cell can also serve as a light sensor for detecting lighting conditions in the context of building monitoring.

Alternatively, the container 4 may also be provided with a heat sink, i. H. a pin block, be connected or even serve as a heat sink. In this case, miniaturized Peltier elements are arranged between the container and the pin block, which generate electrical energy from the temperature difference between the two components and make them available to the system. The outside and inside temperatures at the door must be sufficiently different.

The regenerative energy sources, i. the solar cell or the aforementioned thermo-capacitive Peltier generator store the energy generated in the internal energy store. As energy storage can serve a lithium-ion battery. Since the regenerative power generation is subject to seasonal or daily fluctuations due to temperature fluctuations or changing lighting conditions and the thermomechanical actuators described in more detail below are dependent on short and high energy inputs, such energy buffering is imperative. In general, the energy buffer should have the following useful properties: It should ensure at least one energy storage over several minutes for a short, strong switching pulse. Furthermore, the energy storage should be able to bridge a dark period, for example, at night between 22.00 clock and 6.00 clock in the morning. Energy storage is also advantageous for bridging a seasonal period, e.g. the winter months between November and January.

The usual battery replacement on the distributed decentralized in the building lock cylinders can be omitted.

Fig. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of an ID carrier serving as a closing means, which also serves as an external regenerative source of energy. In the case of In this embodiment, the ID carrier is formed as a key 30 having a solar cell 28 integrated with the key handle and an external battery 27. Each time the key 30 is inserted into the lock cylinder C, a charging current is conducted from the external battery 27 into the components arranged inside the container 4, in particular the energy buffer arranged therein. This light and dark times or seasonal fluctuations can be compensated particularly effectively and quasi-continuous, if it is possible to keep the key 30 in a brightly lit place. Alternatively, the electrical energy generated by the solar cell and stored by the battery can also be used for the operation of a recognition system accommodated in the key for detecting biometric features, for example a fingerprint.

Fig. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a thermo-mechanical actuator 40 arranged in the lock cylinder C for locking and unlocking the lock cylinder. Fig. 4 shows the lock cylinder C and the rotating core 20 disposed inside the lock cylinder. In part a) of the figure, the locked position of the lock cylinder is shown, while part b) of the figure shows the unlocked position.

Within the rotating core, a memory metal 43 is arranged, which is combined with an adapter 41. The memory metal and the adapter form the thermo-mechanical actuator of the illustrated embodiment. The actuator acts on the locking pins 45. These are pressed in the locked state by a series of springs 46 in the rotating core and lock the Schl iesszylinder.

The material of the memory metal consists of a shape memory alloy, which is heated by an electrical resistance and upon reaching a certain temperature their metallurgical structure and thus their outer shape changes.

When heated, the adapter 41 pushes the locking pins 45 against the acting spring force out of the openings of the rotating core, so that the core can rotate freely. After the memory metal cools, the locking pins snap back into you through the openings in the core as soon as it is turned to the appropriate position.

The energization of the memory metal can be carried out to increase the efficiency in a suitable pulse-pause ratio. Likewise, the energy required to reach the transition temperature can be accurately determined and optimized by measuring the ambient temperature. The measurement of the changed electrical resistance after the transformation of the structure in the memory metal allows feedback on the correct operation of the actuator.

Fig. FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a thermo-mechanical actuator which is protected against external manipulation by an alternating second element 50. The part a) of Fig. 5 shows the locked position of the lock cylinder in a normal state, the part b), the adjusting itself after an external manipulative heat supply, still locked, state.

Compared to the embodiment of FIG. 4, a second memory metal 51 is provided with a second adapter 52 which acts on a series of second locking pins 53. In contrast to the first actuator 40, this second actuator 50 is designed so that it does not cause locking of the core in the normal state in a locked by the first actuator rotating core. In the case of manipulative heat supply from the outside, the first actuator releases the lock, while the second actuator locks the rotating core of the lock cylinder via the second adapter 52. An unlocking of the Schl ießzylinders is only really possible by the first actuator 40 is specifically applied to a power supply so that the second actuator is not affected.

In an advantageous embodiment, the memory metal alloy of the second actuator has a lower transformation temperature than the Le gation of the first actuator. As a result, the second actuator locked at an external heat supply faster than the first actuator unlocked, so that its blocking effect is amplified and used with certainty.

Other actuator principles, such as magnets or bobbins, require a larger installation space and are not meaningfully integrated into a lock cylinder with standard dimensions.

Fig. FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a lock cylinder with a capacitive sensor 60 for detecting closure and locking states as well as events in the near field of the door. In the upper part of the figure, a closed door is shown in the lower part of the figure, the door is open. As can be seen from the figure, the lock cylinder C is in the door leaf B, while the capacitive sensor 60 is housed in the container 4. The measuring field 61 is determined by the respective device properties of the sensor. The capacitive sensor completely replaces the otherwise fully wired tactile sensors.

The principle of the sensor is based on a frequency balance between a constant and a variable frequency, which abut an antenna. By changing the capacity in the transmission field of the antenna, for example by a movement of the door or a movement in the near field of the sensor, the variable frequency is detuned. This change is calculated as the difference between the constant and the variable frequency signal. The change in capacity is triggered by almost any physical event, such as an approaching person, an ax destroying the door leaf, a person walking through an open door frame, moving the lock bolt, etc. Overall, the lock cylinder can thus open and close the door , Lock positions of the lock bolt, burglaries and intrusion attempts, and person approaches and passes register with direction detection.

In detail, the capacitive sensor in an expedient embodiment is designed as follows. A first resonant circuit is constructed in such a way that it has a fixed and essentially invariable reference frequency. The reference frequency may be, for example, 100 kHz. The second voltage-controlled resonant circuit consists in an exemplary embodiment of an embodiment of a resistance oscillator and a capacitor open to dimensional changes within the environment. The frequency of the second resonant circuit has an amount which is adjusted relative to the reference frequency by a defined frequency difference. In particular, the frequency of the second resonant circuit is at a slightly higher frequency than the reference frequency, for example at 101 kHz.

If both frequencies are equalized, a mixing frequency results from the difference between the variable frequency of the second resonant circuit and the reference frequency. Is e.g. the second frequency 101 kHz and the reference frequency 100 kHz, the result for the mixing frequency is an amount of 1 kHz.

A further advantageous embodiment provides the following tuning of the two oscillatory circuits: The second oscillator is operated with an n-fold frequency of the first oscillator or alternatively with a n / m-times frequency of the first oscillator. Where n and m are integers. The mixture of the two oscillator frequencies gives a proportion of the mixing frequencies at a low frequency to near 0 Hz. The difference frequency is formed between the nth harmonic of the first oscillator and the mth harmonic of the second oscillator. In an advantageous embodiment, a shaping of the oscillator output signals into a square wave, a pulse train or the like further signal forms is provided before being fed into a frequency mixer.

This allows a fixed value for the mixing frequency to be used as the output value for the sensor calibration, to which the "sensor calibrated" measuring signal can be assigned, which is stored within the sensor or within the electronics of the locking cylinder. As a result of changes in humidity and temperature, there is an inevitable, slow change in the mixing frequency. This grows in particular. By adjusting the oscillator voltage on the second resonant circuit, the slowly drifting mixing frequency is reset to the calibrated value. The oscillator voltage associated with adjustment to the calibrated mixing frequency is referred to as the current state adjustment voltage. To determine the mixing frequency, in an advantageous embodiment, a filter is used in which higher vibration frequencies are hidden.

In the event of a fault within the detection range of the capacitive sensor, which can not be attributed to the aforementioned humidity and temperature influences, the mixing frequency changes abruptly and the sensor is activated with a "wake-on-sleep" process an interrupt within the circuit for the control of the oscillator voltage and / or the circuit for determining the mixing frequency.The interrupt can be activated in particular at a vanishing mixing frequency (0 kHz) or at a zero crossing of the mixing frequency. When a human being or an animal approaches the detection range of the sensor, the frequency of the second oscillator circuit slows down due to the changed capacitance, and the mixing frequency inevitably passes through a zero crossing.

The interrupt causes a higher measurement clock in the determination of the mixing frequency of, for example, 1 measurement per second to 10 measurements per second. As a result, a time-dependent progress signal is recorded, which can be evaluated and classified in a detection unit. In particular, the quotient Q can be calculated from the total time interval t of the disturbance, the frequency change Δf of the mixing frequency and the adjustment voltage U via the relationship

Q = t * Δf / U O

be formed whose waveform can be classified. Particular parameters relate in particular to the voltage level of the setting voltage reached, the time window of the signal, the sign of the change in the setting voltage, a speed or a drift of the signal and the general frequency behavior over time.

The classification allows an assignment to events, such as an approach of a human, an open door, a burglary attempt, etc. Empirical experiments have shown that at a reference frequency of 100 kHz, the mixing frequency reaches the following values for the following events:

Approaching a human 5 - 10 kHz

Contact 150 kHz

Kick the door 200 kHz

Completing the door 24 kHz

Opening the door 22 kHz

Hand on the jack 20 kHz

Open door without touch 8 kHz

This allows a comprehensive analysis of events close to the door, a window or similar opening. The sensor consists of inexpensive electronic components and has a high analytical value from the combined evaluation of the parameters time, voltage and frequency.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of the lock cylinder core with a side ball arrangement for a key lock during the rotation during the closing operation. An important safety aspect is the protection against accidental or intentional removal of the key in an unlocked position of the rotating core. It should be prevented that the lock remains in an unlocked intermediate position, without the key is in the lock cylinder. The key may under these circumstances only be pulled out of the lock when the Lock cylinder or its rotating core, located in a defined angular position.

The embodiment of Fig. 7 shows two with respect to the key slot laterally disposed holes 46 in the rotating core 20, which open in the closed position shown on recesses 46a in the storage of the rotating core. Within the holes sliding locking elements 47 are arranged, which are formed in the embodiment shown here as balls. The inserted into the key slot key 30 has a number of lateral level modeling formations 30a, in particular grooves, in any shape, on. When inserting the key, the locking elements 47 slide into the formations and slip back under the action of gravity in the rotating core. For this reason, the bores 46 are made sloping toward the center of the rotating core.

The core lets you turn in this position. The resulting state is shown in the lower illustration of FIG. 7.

Pulling out the key causes the locking elements to be displaced outwardly through the bore in the rotating core. This displacement can only be carried out if the rotating core assumes an angular position at which the blocking elements can enter the recesses 46a during this displacement. In other angular positions, the displacement of the locking elements is prevented by the housing and the key slot is blocked against removal of the key. In the example of FIG. 7, removal of the key is possible only in the 6 o'clock position shown.

The second actuator described with reference to one of the previously shown embodiments locked without distinction in external heat. This is problematic in emergencies, especially in the case of a fire, because of the forced locking possibly escape routes can be blocked. The following in connection with Fig. 8 shown ment form allows a cancellation of the positive locking of the lock cylinder by inserting and turning a key.

This modified further embodiment of the second actuator consists of an arrangement of two locking elements 47, which are again formed as balls in this example. The balls are arranged freely displaceable in the already mentioned, to the center of the rotating core sloping down bore 46. Between the blocking elements is a memory metal 51 in the form of a spring or a Spyder. Upon external thermal exposure, the memory metal expands and pushes the balls through the bore 46 both into the interior of the rotating core 20 and outwardly into the formations 46a of the housing 5. This prevents rotation of the rotating core and the lock cylinder forcibly locked.

The positive lock is released by the key 30 is inserted into the key slot. The displaced by the key, projecting into the key slot blocking element is pushed out of the key slot and presses against the memory metal. The memory metal 51 is compressed and returns to its original shortened state. As a result, slides the assembly of the locking elements and the memory metal within the bore 46 by the action of gravity down and releases the blockage.

A particular advantage of the in Fig. 8 embodiment shown is that the second actuator can also be used as Abziehsperre the inserted key in the sense of the embodiment shown in Fig. 7. The second actuator acts in the state shown in Fig. 8 above in exactly the same manner as in the embodiment in FIG. 7. In the unstretched state of the memory metal, the entire actuator assembly of the locking elements and the memory metal on the length of Abziehsperre of FIG. 7 corresponding overall length, which prevent withdrawal of the key as described in Undefined angular positions of the rotating core. The invention has been explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. It can be made in the context of expert actions changes or further refinements that do not depart from the spirit of the invention. Further embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

A door handle

B door leaf

C lock cylinder

D door frame

1 regenerative energy source

2 energy storage

3 electronics

4 container

20 rotating core

24 end piece

27 external battery

28 external solar cell 30 keys

40 thermomechanical actuator

41 adapters

43 memory metal

45 locking pins

46 spring

46a shaping

47 blocking element

50 second actuator

51 second memory metal

52 second adapter

53 second locking pins

60 capacitive sensor

61 measuring field

Claims

claims

1. Electromechanical lock cylinder, characterized by a with a regenerative energy source (1), an energy storage device (2) and an evaluation and control electronics (3) containing container (4) connected housing part (5).

2. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the regenerative energy source (1) is a photovoltaic energy source (10) and / or a thermo-capacitive generator in conjunction with an energy buffer (15).

3. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a rotating core (20) of the lock cylinder is provided with at the end pieces (25) arranged antenna sections for wireless data transmission with a central system administration.

4. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an external, einkoppelbarer in the lock cylinder energy storage (27) is provided as part of a matching to the lock cylinder closing means, in particular a key (30), which is for energy transfer to the Lock cylinder is formed.

5. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 3, characterized in that the end pieces (25) of the rotating core are made of a ceramic material.

6. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 3 and 5, characterized in that the ceramic end caps contain capacitive, inductive and / or radio transmission equipment.

7. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 5, characterized in that the ceramic end pieces have a force transmission between the key and the rotating core (20) provided form.

8. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 7, characterized in that the rotating core (20) at least one tenausformungen by Niveausvariierende side ten of the key (30) displaceable ball assemblies and the housing of the lock cylinder at least one recess for receiving the shifting Anord tion of locking elements (47), wherein the interaction of the at least one arrangement of the locking elements and the recess allows withdrawal of the key only at a defined angular position of the rotating core.

9. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 4, characterized in that in the rotating core (20) an electrically conductive contact for a charging current of one in the closing means, in particular the key (30), integrated external battery unit (27) in the lock cylinder associated electrical Energy storage (2) is provided.

10. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a capacitive sensor (60) for detecting a closure state, a locking state and for events in the near field of the lock cylinder within the container (4) is provided.

11. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 10, characterized in that the capacitive sensor (60) consists of a first resonant circuit with a reference frequency and a second voltage-controlled resonant circuit with a respect to the reference frequency by a defined amount different second frequency, one of two frequencies resulting calibrated and changing by environmental events, intervallgetaktet measured mixing frequency is generated.

12. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 11, characterized in that a setting circuit for adjusting the oscillator voltage of the second resonant circuit is provided which holds the mixing frequency at a defined difference frequency between the reference frequency and the second frequency and outputs a setting voltage for the defined difference frequency.

13. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 11 and 12, characterized in that the setting circuit includes an interrupt at a vanishing mixing frequency, wherein the interval clocking of the mixing frequency measurements is accelerated after activating the interrupt.

14. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 11 to 13, characterized in that a detection unit is provided on the variable adjustment voltage, which performs an event classification in the vicinity of the capacitive sensor.

15. An electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 14, characterized in that the detection unit the event classification from the quotient between the measured mixing frequency change and set voltage, multiplied by a measured period of the mixing frequency change, determined.

16. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the container (4) corresponds in shape and appearance of a conventional lock cylinder rosette and / or a conventional door fitting.

17. A method for unlocking an electromechanical lock cylinder, characterized in that at least one disposed in a lock cylinder thermo-mechanical actuator (40) is driven by an energy pulse having a fixed duration and strength and / or a fixed pulse-pause ratio, said on a series of locking pins (45) acts so that a blockage of the core rotation of the lock cylinder is released.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that upon heating, the at least one thermomechanical actuator (40) displaces at least one associated locking pin (45) against an oppositely acting spring force from the rotating core (20) so far that its free rotation is possible, and in a cooling due to the spring force, a return movement of the at least one locking pin is carried out so that upon rotation of the rotating core in the closed position, a snap into a locked position can take place.

19. The method according to claim 17 and 18, characterized in that via a measurement of an external ambient temperature, the optimal amount of energy for operating the at least one thermo-mechanical see actuator (40) is determined and the proper operation of the actuator is checked by a control measurement of the internal electrical resistance.

20. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the at least one thermo-mechanical actuator (40) counteracts an alternately operating second actuator (50), so that in an impermissible manipulation attempt by an external heat by means of the second actuator caused by the first actuator Unlocking is disabled by a lock.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the locking caused by the second actuator due to a lower transformation temperature used earlier than the unlocking of the first actuator.

22. An electromechanical lock cylinder for carrying out a method according to any one of claims 17 to 21, characterized by at least one thermo-mechanical actuator (40) acting on the lock pins (45) of the lock cylinder, sliding the lock pins in an unlocked state in conjunction with a power source for operating the actuator ,

23. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 22, characterized in that the at least one thermo-mechanical actuator includes a memory metal (43) with a first, the locking pins (45) holding in a locking position and a second form holding the locking pins in an unlocked shape ,

24. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the arrangement of at least two thermo-mechanical actuators (40, 50), consists in an alternately acting arrangement, wherein at an external manipulative heat action of the first actuator (40) at least one first locking pin in an unlocked position and the second actuator (50) holds at least one second locking pin in a locking position.

25. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 24, characterized in that is formed in a further unlockable embodiment of the second actuator of a first and a second connected by a memory metal locking member, which by an inserted key, the heat-extended memory metal by a caused by the key body displacement of the first locking member compressible and the second actuator from the locking position can be converted into the unlocked position.

26. Electromechanical lock cylinder according to claim 25, characterized in that the unlockable actuator has a first and a second, arranged in a side of the key slot bore guided blocking body with a Spyder or coil spring between the locking bodies arranged memory metal, wherein in a locked state the memory metal, the locking body are in a pressed into the key slot and in a Gehäuseausnehmung position and occupies an inserted key of the first locking body in the bore displaced position with a compressed, compressed in the resting state memory metal.