Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/4192—1,2,3-Triazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/18—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/16—Otologicals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D249/04—1,2,3-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,3-triazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

• the invention relates to novel pharmaceutically-useful compounds.
• the invention further relates to compounds that are useful in the inhibition of the activity of 15- lipoxygenase and thus in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and of inflammation generally.
• the invention also relates to the use of such compounds as medicaments, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and to synthetic routes for their production.
• Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 6% to 8% of the adult population of the industrialized world, hi children, the incidence is even higher, being close to 10% in most countries. Asthma is the most common cause of hospitalization for children under the age of fifteen.
• Treatment regimens for asthma are based on the severity of the condition. Mild cases are either untreated or are only treated with inhaled ⁇ -agonists. Patients with more severe asthma are typically treated with anti-inflammatory compounds on a regular basis.
• LTRas leukotriene receptor antagonists
• Rhinitis, conjunctivitis and dermatitis may have an allergic component, but may also arise in the absence of underlying allergy. Indeed, non-allergic conditions of this class are in many cases more difficult to treat.
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• the mammalian lipoxygenases are a family of structurally-related enzymes, which catalyze the oxygenation of arachidonic acid.
• Three types of human lipoxygenases are known, which catalyze the insertion of molecular oxygen into arachidonic acid at carbon positions 5, 12 and 15.
• the enzymes are thus named 5-, 12- and 15 -lipoxygenase, respectively.
• Arachidonic acid metabolites that are formed following the action of lipoxygenases are known to have pronounced pathophysiological activity including pro-inflammatory effects.
• the primary product of the action of 5 -lipoxygenase on arachidonic acid is further converted by a number of enzymes to a variety of physiologically and pathophysiological ⁇ important metabolites.
• the most important of these, the leukotrienes, are strong bronchoconstrictors.
• Drugs that have been developed to this end include 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, inhibitors of FLAP (Five Lipoxygenase Activating Protein) and, as mentioned previously, leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRas).
• FLAP Factive Lipoxygenase Activating Protein
• LTRas leukotriene receptor antagonists
• Another class of enzymes that metabolize arachidoiiic acid are the cyclooxygenases.
• Arachidonic acid metabolites that are produced by this process include prostaglandins, thromboxanes and prostacyclin, all of which possess physiological or pathophysiological activity.
• the prostaglandin PGE 2 is a strong pro-inflammatory mediator, which also induces fever and pain. Consequently, a number of drugs have been developed to inhibit the formation of PGE 2 , including "NSAIDs” (non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs) and “coxibs” (selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors). These classes of compounds act predominantly by way of inhibition of one or several cyclooxygenases.
• agents that are capable of blocking the formation of arachidonic acid metabolites are likely to be of benefit in the treatment of inflammation.
• Hetereoaryl-based compounds including triazoles have been disclosed in several publications.
• international patent application WO 2005/007625 discloses anti-tuberculosis compounds that include triazoles
• international patent application WO 2004/106324 discloses inter alia triazoles for use as herbicides
• international patent applications WO 02/070483 and WO 03/016304 disclose various pest-controlling agents that include triazoles
• US Patent No. 2002/009116 and international patent application WO 99/32454 disclose inter alia triazoles for use as Factor Xa inhibitors
• international patent application WO 01/21160 discloses antiviral compounds that include triazoles.
• JP Patent No. 10195063 discloses various 2-ethynylthiazole derivatives that may be employed as leukotriene antagonists, and may therefore be useful in the treatment of inflammation. However, this document does not mention or suggest compounds without such a substituent.
• W represents an aryl or heteroaryl group, optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: 1) G 1 ;
• G 1 represents halo, -R 3a , -CN, -C(O)R 3b , -C(O)OR 3c , -C(O)N(R 4a )R 5a , -N(R 4b )R 5b , -N(R 3d )C(O)R 4c 5 -N(R 3e )C(O)N(R 4d )R 5d , -N(R 3f )C(O)OR 4e , -N 3 , -NO 2 , -N(R 3g )S(O) 2 N(R 4f )R 5f , -OR 3h , -OC(O)N(R 4g )R 5g , -OS(O) 2 R 31 , -S(O) m R 3j , -N(R 3k )S(O) 2 R 3m , -OC(O)R 311 , -OC(O
• R 3i , R 3j 5 R 3m , R 3p and R 3r independently represent Z or C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from B ;
• R 41 and R 51 independently represent H or C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from B 2 ;
• a 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 independently represent halo, -R 6a , -CN, -N(R 6b )R 6c or -0R 6d ;
• R 6b to R 6d independently represent, on each occasion when mentioned herein, H or C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from B 3 ;
• R 6a , R 6e and R 7e independently represent C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from B 4 ; or
• B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and B 4 independently represent F, Cl, -OCH 3 , -OCH 2 CH 3 , -OCHF 25 -OCH 2 CF 3 , -OCF 3 or -OCF 2 CF 3 ;
• n, p and q independently represent 0, 1 or 2
• salts include acid addition salts and base addition salts.
• Such salts may be formed by conventional means, for example by reaction of a free acid or a free base form of a compound of formula I with one or more equivalents of an appropriate acid or base, optionally in a solvent, or in a medium in which the salt is insoluble, followed by removal of said solvent, or said medium, using standard techniques (e.g. in vacuo, by freeze-drying or by filtration). Salts may also be prepared by exchanging a counter-ion of a compound of the invention in the form of a salt with another counter-ion, for example using a suitable ion exchange resin.
• Compounds of the invention may contain double bonds and may thus exist as E (entgege ⁇ ) and Z (zusammen) geometric isomers about each individual double bond. All such isomers and mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the invention.
• Compounds of the invention may also contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and may therefore exhibit optical and/or diastereoisomerism.
• Diastereoisomers may be separated using conventional techniques, e.g. chromatography or fractional crystallisation.
• the various stereoisomers may be isolated by separation of a racemic or other mixture of the compounds using conventional, e.g. fractional crystallisation or HPLC, techniques.
• the desired optical isomers may be made by reaction of the appropriate optically active starting materials under conditions which will not cause racemisation or epimerisation (i.e.
• C 1 ⁇ alkyl (where q is the upper limit of the range), defined herein may be straight-chain or, when there is a sufficient number (i.e.
• alkyl groups may also be part cyclic.
• alkyl groups may also be saturated or, when there is a sufficient number (i.e. a minimum of two) of carbon atoms and unless otherwise specified, be unsaturated (forming, for example, a C 2-q alkenyl or a C 2-q alkynyl group).
• halo when used herein, includes fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
• Heterocycloalkyl groups that may be mentioned include monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl groups (which groups may further be bridged) in which at least one (e.g. one to four) of the atoms in the ring system is other than carbon (i.e. a heteroatom), and in which the total number of atoms in the ring system is between three and twelve (e.g. between five and ten). Further, such heterocycloalkyl groups may be saturated or unsaturated containing one or more double and/or triple bonds, forming for example a C 2-q heterocycloalkenyl (where q is the upper limit of the range) or a C 3 _ q heterocycloalkynyl group.
• C 2-q heterocycloalkyl groups that may be mentioned include 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, 6- azabicyclo[3.1. l]hept-anyl, 6-azabicyclo[3.2. ljoctanyl, 8-azabicyclo-
• Substituents on heterocycloalkyl groups may, where appropriate, be located on any atom in the ring system including a heteroatom. Further, in the case where the other substituent is another cyclic compound, then the cyclic compound may be attached through a single atom on the heterocycloalkyl group, forming a so- called "spiro"-compound.
• the point of attachment of heterocycloalkyl groups may be via any atom in the ring system including (where appropriate) a heteroatom (such as a nitrogen atom), or an atom on any fused carbocyclic ring that may be present as part of the ring system.
• Heterocycloalkyl groups may also be in the 7V- or S- oxidised form.
• Aryl groups that may be mentioned include C 6-14 (e.g. C 6-1O ) aryl groups. Such groups may be monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic and have between 6 and 14 ring carbon atoms, in which at least one ring is aromatic.
• C 6-14 aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl and the like, such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, indenyl and fluorenyl.
• the point of attachment of aryl groups may be via any atom of the ring system. However, when aryl groups are bicyclic or tricyclic, they are linked to the rest of the molecule via an atom of the aromatic ring.
• Heteroaryl groups that may be mentioned include those which have between 5 and 14 (e.g. between 5 and 10) members. Such groups may be monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic, provided that at least one of the rings is aromatic and wherein at least one (e.g. one to four) of the atoms in the ring system is other than carbon (i.e. a heteroatom).
• Heteroaryl groups that may be mentioned include acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzodioxanyl, benzodioxepinyl, benzodioxolyl (including 1,3- benzodioxolyl), benzofuranyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl .
• 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazolyl benzothienyl, carbazolyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, imidazo[l,2- ⁇ ]pyridyl, indazolyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isochromanyl, isoindolinyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiaziolyl, isothiochromanyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl (including 1,5-naphthyridinyl and 1,8-naphthyridinyl), oxadiazolyl (including 1,2,3- oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl and 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl), oxazolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phthalaziny
• heteroaryl groups may, where appropriate, be located on any atom in the ring system including a heteroatom.
• the point of attachment of heteroaryl groups may be via any atom in the ring system including (where appropriate) a heteroatom (such as a nitrogen atom), or an atom on any fused carbocyclic ring that may be present as part of the ring system.
• heteroaryl groups when bicyclic or tricyclic, they are linked to the rest of the molecule via an atom of the aromatic ring.
• Heteroaryl groups may also be in the JV- or S- oxidised form.
• Heteroatoms that may be mentioned include include phosphorus, silicon, boron, tellurium, selenium and, preferably, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.
• W does not represent a pyrimidinyl (e.g. 5-pyrimidinyl) group
• W does not represent a pyrazolyl group
• W does not represent a pyridyl (e.g. a 2-pyridyl) group;
• W does not represent a 6,5-bicyclic group in which the 6-membered ring is aromatic and the 5-membered ring is non-aromatic; when W represents a 2-quinolinyl or 1-isoquinolinyl group, both of which are substituted (e.g. at the 5-position) by a -C(O)N(R 4a )R 5a and/or a -N(R 3d )C(O)R 4c group, and R M and R 4a each represent hydrogen, then R 5a and/or R 4c (as appropriate) do/does not represent a C 3-6 alkyl (e.g. a C 3 .
• a 2 , -N 3 , -NO 2 and 0, in which A 1 and A 2 independently represent -R 6a , -CN, -N(R 6b )R 6c or -0R 6d and G 1 represents halo, -CN, -C(0)R 3b , -C(0)0R 3c , -C(O)N(R 4a )R 5a , -N(R 4b )R 5b ,
• R 6a represents acyclic C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from B ;
• R 6a represents C 1-3 alkyl or C 5-6 alkyl, both of which are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from B 4 ;
• a 4 represents halo, -CN, -N(R 6b )R 6c or -0R 6d ; when Z represents heteroaryl, then it does not represent thiazolyl (e.g. 2-thiazolyl); when Z represents heteroaryl (such as thiazolyl (e.g.
• 6- quinazolinyl when W represents 6-quinazolinyl, then such a group is not substituted in the 4- position (e.g. by G 1 , for example when G 1 represents -N(R 4b )R 5b ); R 4b represents H or Ci -6 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halo atoms or -OR 6d ;
• G 1 represents halo, -R 3a , -CN, -C(O)R 3b , -C(O)OR 3c , -C(O)N(R 4a )R 5a 5 -N(R 3d )C(O)R 4c , -N(R 3e )C(O)N(R 4d )R 5d 5 -N(R 3f )C(O)OR 4e , -N 3 , -NO 2 , -N(R 3g )S(O) 2 N(R 4f )R 5f , -0R 3h , -OC(O)N(R 4g )R 5g , -OS(O) 2 R 31 , -S(O) m R 3j , -N(R 3k )S(O) 2 R 3m , -OC(O)R 3 ", -OC(O)OR 3p , -S(O) 2 N(
• Preferred compounds of the invention include those in which W represents an optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl (e.g..
• W include optionally substituted thiazolyl (e.g. 2- thiazolyl), 1,3-benzodioxolyl, pyrimidinyl (e.g. 2-pyrimidinyl) or, more preferably, optionally substituted quinoxalinyl (e.g. 2-quinoxaolinyl), preferably, quinolinyl (e.g. 4-quinolinyl or, more preferably, 3-quinolinyl) and, more preferably, phenyl or pyridyl (e.g. 3-pyridyl or, more preferably, 2-pyridyl).
• Preferred compounds of the invention include those in which:
• R 3k and R 3q independently represent H
• R 3m and R 3r independently represent Z, in which Z represents aryl (e.g. phenyl), heteroaryl (e.g. pyridyl), which latter two groups are optionally substituted as defined herein, or C 1-6 (e.g. C 1 - 3 ) alkyl (e.g. methyl) optionally substituted by one or more fluoro atoms (so forming, for example, a trifluoromethyl group);
• R 3p and R 3n (when R 3n represents optionally substituted alkyl) independently represent Ci -3 (e.g. Ci -2 ) alkyl optionally substituted by one or more fluoro atoms; when Z represents an aryl or heteroaryl group, both of these are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from A 4 ;
• a 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 independently represent halo (e.g. chloro or, particularly, fluoro), -R 6a or -OR 6d; when any of R 6a to R 6e or R 7e represent optionally substituted Ci -6 alkyl, then that alkyl group is an optionally substituted C 1-4 (e.g.
• B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and B 4 independently represent F or Cl; m, p and q independently represent 2.
• More preferred compounds of the invention include those in which: W is optionally substituted by between 1 and 4 substituents (e.g. aryl or G 1 );
• G 1 represents N 3 or, more preferably, halo, -R 3a , -CN, -C(O)R 3b , -C(O)OR 3c , -C(O)N(R 4a )R 5a , -N(R 4b )R 5b , -N(R 3d )C(O)R 4c , -N(R 3e )C(O)N(R 4d )R 5d , -N(R 3f )C(O)OR 4e , -NO 2 , -N(R 3g )S(O) 2 N(R 4f )R 5f , -OR 3h , -OC(O)N(R 4g )R 5g , -OS(O) 2 R 3i , -S(O) m R 3j or -S(O) 2 N(R 4h )R 5h ; when any of the pairs R 4a and R 5a
• R 3a represents Ci . 6 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from F and -OR 6d ;
• R 3b , R 3c , R 3h , R 4a to R 4h , R 5a , R 5b , R 5d 5 R 5f to R 5h independently represent H or optionally substituted CM alkyl (e.g. methyl) or the relevant pairs (i.e. R 4a and R 5a , R 4b and R 5b , R 4d and R 5d , R 4f and R 5f 5 R 4g and R 5g and R 4h and R 5h ) may be linked together as hereinbefore defined;
• R 3d to R 3g independently represent Ci -4 (e.g.Ci_ 2 ) alkyl (such as a methyl) or, more particularly, H;
• R 31 and R 3j independently represent Ci -4 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more B substituents;
• B 1 represents F (thus R 3 ' and R 3j may represent a CH 3 or CF 3 group); when any one of R 3b , R 30 to R 3h , R 4a to R 4h , R 5a , R 5b , R sd , R 5f to R 5h represents alkyl, preferred optional substituents include -OCH 3 and, especially, F.
• Yet more preferred compounds of the invention include those in which: when W is substituted, then it is substituted by one to three substituents selected from G 1 ;
• R 3a represents Cj -3 (e.g. C 1 - 2 ) alkyl (e.g. isopropyl or, more particularly, methyl or ethyl) optionally substituted by one or more fluoro atoms;
• R 3h represents hydrogen or Ci -4 (e.g. Ci -2 ) alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl) optionally substituted by one or more fluoro atoms (so forming, for example, a -CF 3 group);
• R 4b and R 5b independently represent Ci -2 alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl);
• G 1 represents F, Cl, -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , -CHF 2 , -CF 3 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CN, -N(CHg) 2 ,
• Preferred optional substituents on W include: optionally substituted aryl (e.g. phenyl);
• -S(O) 2 N(R 4h )R 5h or, more preferably, halo (e.g. bromo or, preferably, fluoro or chloro); -R 3a ;
• R 3a represents ⁇ -propyl, ethyl or, more preferably, isopropyl or, preferably, methyl, which groups are optionally substituted by one or more fluoro atoms (so forming, for example, a -CF 3 group);
• R 3f represents H
• R represents trifluoromethyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g. /-j-propyl), butyl (e.g. r ⁇ -butyl) or, more preferably, methyl;
• R 4e represents C 1-4 alkyl (e.g. f-butyl), which group may be substituted by one or more halo atoms but is preferably unsubstituted;
• R 4h and R 5h independently represent H, methyl or ethyl.
• preferred optional substiruents on W include phenyl, bromo, ethyl, propyl, -NHC(O)Of-butyL ethoxy, propoxy (e.g. «-propoxy), butoxy (e.g. n-bntoxy), trifiuoromethoxy, particularly -S(O) 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 N(CH 3 )H, -S(O) 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , -S(O) 2 N(CH 2 CHa) 2 , isopropyl and, more particularly, fluoro, chloro, methyl, methoxy, -NO 2 and trifluoromethyl.
• Preferred compounds of the invention include those in which: W is a 5-membered monocyclic or 9-membered bicyclic ring or, more preferably, a 6-membered monocyclic ring or a 10-membered bicyclic ring; when W is a moncyclic 5-membered ring, it is a heteroaryl ring containing at least one heteroatom (e.g. nitrogen) and a further optional heteroatom (e.g. sulfur), so forming, for example a thiazolyl (e.g. thiazol-2-yl) group; when W is a monocyclic 6-membered ring, it is a phenyl group or a heteroaryl group preferably containing one or two (e.g.
• heteroatom e.g. nitrogen
• W when W is phenyl, it is substituted by at least one substituent (e.g. in the 3- or, more preferably, the 2- or 4-position) or, preferably, at least two (e.g. two or three) substituents.
• substituents When substituted by two substituents, preferred positions include the 2- and 3-, 3- and 5-, 2- and 6- or, more preferably, 2- and 5-, 3- and 4- or, more particularly, the 2- and 4-positions.
• the third substituent is preferably in the 6- or, more preferably, 3- or 5-position.
• Preferred substituents in the 2-position of such phenyl rings include -S(O) 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 N(CH 3 )H, -S(O) 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , isopropyl, preferably, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, -NO 2 and, more preferably, fluoro, chloro and methyl.
• Preferred substituents in the 4-position of such phenyl rings include methyl, trifluoromethoxy or, more preferably, -S(O) 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 N(CH 3 )H, -S(O) 2 N(CHs) 2 , -S(O) 2 N(CH 2 CHs) 2 , preferably, -NO 2 and, more preferably, halo (e.g. bromo or, more preferably, fluoro and chloro) and trifluoromethyl.
• halo e.g. bromo or, more preferably, fluoro and chloro
• substituents in the 3-, 5- and 6-positions include fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl and methoxy; when W is a monocyclic heteroaryl ring, it is substituted in the ortho-, meta- or, more preferably, /? ⁇ r ⁇ -position relative to the point of attachment of the monocyclic heteroaryl ring to the 3-amido group of the compound of formula I (provided that the p ⁇ z- ⁇ -position is not a heteroatom); when W is a 9-membered bicyclic ring, it is a group in which the first ring (attached to the triazole-3-amido group) is aromatic, for example a 6-membered ring such as phenyl, and the second ring is non-aromatic, for example a 5- membered ring, e.g.
• heteroatoms e.g. oxygen heteroatoms
• dioxolyl e.g. a [l,3]dioxolyl
• heteroatoms e.g. oxygen heteroatoms
• W is a 10-membered bicyclic ring, it is a bicyclic heteoaryl group in which both rings are aromatic and which group preferably contains one or two hetereoatoms (e.g. nitrogen).
• heteroatoms are preferably in the first ring of the bicycle (i.e. that which is attached to the amido group of the compound of formula I).
• Such groups are preferably attached via the 2-, 3- or 4-position of the heteroaryl group and are unsubstituted or, more preferably, substituted by one or more substituent (e.g. one) selected from trifluoromethyl and, preferably, halo (e.g. fluoro or chloro), attached to, for example, the 6-, 7- or 8- ⁇ osition (provided that the substituent is not attached to a heteroatom of an aromatic ring).
• substituent e.g. one
• halo e.g. fluoro or chloro
• the relative position of the substituents refers to the relative position of the substituent in relation to the point of attachment of the phenyl ring.
• the 2-, 3- and 4-positions refer to the ortho-, meta- and para- substituents, respectively (and the 5- and 6- positions refer to the alternative meta- and ortho- substituents, respectively).
• heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl When W is substituted by optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, then preferred values of such heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl groups include optionally substituted 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl, indolyl (e.g. 4-indolyl), oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, phenyl, quinolinyl (e.g. 3 -quinolinyl), pyrazolyl (e.g. 3-pyrazolyl), pyridyl (e.g.
• Z include optionally substituted indolyl (e.g. 4- indolyl), oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, quinolinyl (e.g. 3 -quinolinyl), pyrazolyl (e.g. 3- pyrazolyl), thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl and, more particularly, phenyl and pyridyl (e.g. 2-pyridyl).
• Preferred compounds of the invention also include those in which: when W represents a quinolinyl group, it is unsubstituted or substituted by one halo (e.g. fluoro or chloro) substituent, for example at the 6, 7 or 8-position; when W represents a pyridyl group, it may be substituted by two substituents, or is preferably substituted by one substituent, for example at the para position relative to the point of attachment of the pyridyl group (to the triazole-3-amido group), selected from bromo, nitro, methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy (e.g. 77-propoxy), butoxy (e.g.
• W represents phenyl, it is unsubstituted or, more preferably, substituted as hereinbefore defined by 1 to 3 substituents;
• W represents a thiazolyl (e.g. thiazol-2-yl) group, it is preferably substituted, for example at the 5-position, by at least one (e.g. one) chloro group;
• W represents a pyrimidinyl (e.g. pyrimid-2-yl) group, it is unsubstituted or substituted, for example at the 4-positon, by at least one (e.g. one) methyl group;
• W represents benzodioxolyl (e.g. benzo[l,3]dioxol-5-yl), it is preferably unsubstituted.
• More preferred compounds of the invention include those in which: when W represents a substituted pyrid-2-yl group, it is preferably substituted by at least one (e.g. one or two) substituent, selected from bromo, nitro, methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy (e.g. ⁇ -propoxy), butoxy (e.g. «-butoxy),
• W represents a substituted pyrid-3-yl group, it is preferably substituted by at least one substituent (e.g. one or two) selected from methyl, methoxy, phenyl.
• Preferred substitution positions on 3-pyridyl groups include the 2-, 5- and 6- positions.
• Preferred compounds of the invention include those in which W represents 2- chloro-4,6-difluorophenyl, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl, 2,3,4-trifmorophenyl, 2,3- dichlorophenyl, 2-chloro-5-methylphenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 2,4- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-6- trifluoromethylphenyl, 5-chloro-2-methylphenyl, 2-methylsulfamoylphenyl, 2- dimethylsulfamoylphenyl, 2,4,6-trifluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3,4- difiuorophenyl, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, 2,6- dichloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-5-trifiuoromethylphen
• W represents quinolin-4-yl, unsubstituted phenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4- diethylsulfamoylphenyl, quinoxalin-2-yl, 4-sulfamoylphenyl, 4- methylsulfamoylphenyl, 4-dimethylsulfamoylphenyl, 2,4-dichloro-6- methylphenyl, 8-fiuoroquinolin-3-yl, 8-chloroquinolin-3-yl, 2-fluoro-6- trifluoromethylphenyl, preferably, quinolin-3-yl, 6-fluoroquinolin-3-yl, 7- fluoroquinolin-3-yl, 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,4,6- trichlorophenyl, 2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-nitro
• W is as hereinbefore defined under coupling conditions, for example at around room temperature or above (e.g. up to 40-180 0 C) 5 optionally in the presence of a suitable base (e.g. sodium hydride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, pyrrolidinopyridine, pyridine, triethylamine, tributylamine, trimethylamine, dmiethylaminopyridine, diisopropylamine, diisopropylethyl- amine, l,8-diaza-bicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, sodium hydroxide, N- ethyldiisopropylamine, N-(memylpolystyrene)-4-(methylamrno)pyridine 5 butyllithium (e.g.
• a suitable base e.g. sodium hydride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, pyrrolidinopyridine, pyridine, triethylamine,
• n-, s- or t-butyl-lithium or mixtures thereof
• an appropriate solvent e.g. tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, dichloromethane, chloroform, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, water or triethylamine
• a suitable coupling agent e.g.
• l,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid may first be activated by treatment with a suitable reagent (e.g. oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride, etc) optionally in the presence of an appropriate solvent (e.g. dichloromethane, THF, toluene or benzene) and a suitable catalyst (e.g. DMF), resulting in the formation of the respective acyl chloride.
• a suitable reagent e.g. oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride, etc
• an appropriate solvent e.g. dichloromethane, THF, toluene or benzene
• a suitable catalyst e.g. DMF
• Alternative methods of performing this step include reaction of an ⁇ -protected derivative (e.g. an ethyl ester) of l,2,3-triazole-4- carboxylic acid with a compound of formula II, which latter compound may first be treated with an appropriate reagent (e.g. trimethylaluminium), for example in an inert atmosphere and in the presence of a suitable solvent (e.g. dichloromethane).
• an appropriate reagent e.g. trimethylaluminium
• L 1 represents a suitable leaving group, such as halo (e.g. chloro, bromo and iodo), -OSO 2 CF 3 , -B(OH) 2 , -Sn(R z ) 3 (wherein R z is C 1-6 alkyl and preferably, methyl or butyl), -Pb(OC(O)CH 3 ) 3 , -Bi(W) 2 , -Bi(W) 2 (OC(O)CH 3 ) 2 , -Bi(W) 2 (OC(O)CF 3 ) 2 or -1(W)(BF 4 ), and W is as hereinbefore defined (and, where the compound of formula III contains more than one W group, they are preferably all the same), for example in the presence of a catalyst containing, preferably, Pd or Cu, and a base, such as potassium or sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium tert-butoxide and lithium 7V,N " -
• a catalyst
• Catalysts that may be mentioned include Pd 2 (dba) 3 (tris(dibenzylideneacetone)- dipalladium(O)), bases that may be mentioned include cesium carbonate, ligands that may be mentioned include 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l'-binaphthyl and solvents that may be employed include toluene.
• Such reactions may be performed at elevated temperature (e.g. at about 90 0 C) under an inert (e.g. argon) atmosphere.
• W is as hereinbefore defined, or a TV-protected derivative thereof, with a suitable reagent that provides a source of azide ions, such as sodium azide or trimethylsilyl azide, under conditions known to those skilled in the art.
• a suitable reagent that provides a source of azide ions such as sodium azide or trimethylsilyl azide
• the reaction may be performed under standard 1,3 -dipolar cycloaddition reaction conditions, such as those described in Katritzky A.R. et al, Heterocycles 2003, 60 (5), 1225-1239.
• the reaction may be performed without solvent or in the presence of an appropriate solvent (e.g.
• TEDA tetramethylethylenediamine
• DMPU l,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(lH)-pyrimidinone
• a suitable proton source e.g. water or aqueous, saturated NH 4 Cl solution
• a suitable proton source e.g. water or aqueous, saturated NH 4 Cl solution
• the triazole may need to be protected at the nitrogen atom of the triazole ring system, preferably with a protective group that is also a directing metallation group (such as a SEM (i.e. a -CH 2 OC 2 H 4 Si(CH 3 ) 3 ) group).
• the reaction may be performed in the presence of a suitable solvent, such as a polar aprotic solvent (e.g. tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether), at sub-ambient temperatures (e.g.
• a compound of formula II as hereinbefore defined, for example under coupling conditions such as those described hereinbefore in respect of process step (i) above.
• Preferred conditions include reaction in the presence of base, solvent but no coupling reagent.
• the compound of formula II may also be employed in excess.
• l,2,3-Triazole-4-carboxylic acid is commercially available (e.g. from Pfaltz & Bauer Chemicals), or may be prepared from propiolic acid and a source of azide ions, for example employing reagents and under conditions such as those described hereinbefore in respect of preparation of compounds of formula I (process step (iii)).
• W-NO 2 VII 5 wherein W is as hereinbefore defined, under standard reduction conditions, for example, by employing tin (II) chloride dehydrate in the presence of an alcoholic solvent (e.g. ethanol) at reflux or by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. palladium on carbon), with a source of hydrogen (e.g. hydrogen gas or nascent hydrogen (e.g. from ammonium formate)), optionally in the presence of a solvent (such as an alcoholic solvent (e.g. methanol)).
• an alcoholic solvent e.g. ethanol
• a catalyst e.g. palladium on carbon
• a source of hydrogen e.g. hydrogen gas or nascent hydrogen (e.g. from ammonium formate)
• a solvent such as an alcoholic solvent (e.g. methanol)
• l,2,3-Triazole-4-carboxylic acid amide may be prepared by reaction of 1,2,3- triazole-4-carboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof, with ammonia, for example under reaction conditions such as those described hereinbefore in respect of preparation of compounds of formula I (process step (i) above).
• Compounds of formula IV may be prepared by reaction of propiolic acid with a compound of formula II as hereinbefore defined, for example under reaction conditions such as those described hereinbefore in respect of preparation of compounds of formula I (process step (i) above).
• Compounds of formula VI may be prepared from l,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid under dimerising conditions, for example in the presence of thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride (optionally in the presence of a suitable solvent and catalyst, such as one hereinbefore defined in respect of process step (i)).
• dimerising reagents include carbodiimides, such as 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or l-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDCI, or hydrochloride thereof) optionally in the presence of a suitable base (e.g. 4-dimethylaminopyridine).
• Substituents on W may be modified one or more times, after or during the processes described above for preparation of compounds of formula I by way of methods that are well known to those skilled in the art. Examples of such methods include substitutions, reductions, oxidations, alkylations, acylations, hydrolyses, esterifications and etherifications.
• the precursor groups can be changed to a different such group, or to the groups defined in formula I, at any time during the reaction sequence.
• substituent on W represents a halo group
• such groups may be inter-converted one or more times, after or during the processes described above for the preparation of compounds of formula I.
• reagents include NiCl 2 (for the conversion to a chloro group).
• the skilled person may also refer to "Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations" by A. R. Katritzky, O. Meth-Cohn and C. W. Rees, Pergamon Press, 1995.
• a halo group preferably iodo or bromo
• a cyano or 1-alkynyl group e.g. by reaction with a compound which is a source of cyano anions (e.g. sodium, potassium, copper (I) or zinc cyanide) or with a 1-alkyne, as appropriate).
• the latter reaction may be performed in the presence of a suitable coupling catalyst (e.g. a palladium and/or a copper based catalyst) and a suitable base (e.g. a Tn-(C 1-6 alkyl)amine such as triethylamine, tributylamine or ethyldiisopropylamine).
• a suitable coupling catalyst e.g. a palladium and/or a copper based catalyst
• a suitable base e.g. a Tn-(C 1-6 alkyl)amine such as triethylamine, tributylamine or ethyldiis
• carbamate groups i.e. alkoxy- or aryloxy-carbonyl groups
• amide groups e.g. acetyl groups
• N-alkyl groups benzyl or SEM groups
• N-sulfonyl groups e.g. JV-arylsulfonyl groups
• JV-phosphinyl and iV-phosphoryl groups e.g. diarylphosphinyl and diarylphosphoryl groups
• N-silyl group e.g. a iV-trimethylsilyl group.
• Further protecting groups for the triazole nitrogen include a methyl group, which methyl group may be deprotected under standard conditions, such as employing a pyridine hydrochloride salt at elevated temperature, for example using microwave irradiation in a sealed vessel at 200°C.
• the protection and deprotection of functional groups may take place before or after a reaction in the above-mentioned schemes.
• Protecting groups may be removed in accordance with techniques that are well known to those skilled in the art and as described hereinafter. For example, protected compounds/intermediates described herein may be converted chemically to unprotected compounds using standard deprotection techniques.
• compounds of the invention may possess pharmacological activity as such, certain pharmaceutically-acceptable (e.g. "protected") derivatives of compounds of the invention may exist or be prepared which may not possess such activity, but may be administered parenterally or orally and thereafter be metabolised in the body to form compounds of the invention.
• Such compounds (which may possess some pharmacological activity, provided that such activity is appreciably lower than that of the "active" compounds to which they are metabolised), may therefore be described as “prodrugs” of compounds of the invention. All prodrugs of compounds of the invention are included within the scope of the invention.
• prodrug of a compound of the invention we include compounds that form a compound of the invention, in an experimentally-detectable amount, within a predetermined time (e.g. about 1 hour), following oral or parenteral administration.
• Compounds of the invention are useful because, in particular, they may inhibit the activity of lipoxygenases (and particularly 15-lipoxygenase), i.e. they prevent the action of 15-lipoxygenase or a complex of which the 15-lipoxygenase enzyme forms apart and/or may elicit a 15-lipoxygenase modulating effect, for example as may be demonstrated in the test described below.
• Compounds of the invention may thus be useful in the treatment of those conditions in which inhibition of a lipoxygenase, and particularly 15-lipoxygenase, is required.
• Compounds of the invention are thus expected to be useful in the treatment of inflammation.
• inflammation will be understood by those skilled in the art to include any condition characterised by a localised or a systemic protective response, which may be elicited by physical trauma, infection, chronic diseases, such as those mentioned hereinbefore, and/or chemical and/or physiological reactions to external stimuli (e.g. as part of an allergic response). Any such response, which may serve to destroy, dilute or sequester both, the injurious agent and the injured tissue, may be manifest by, for example, heat, swelling, pain, redness, dilation of blood vessels and/or increased blood flow, invasion of the affected area by white blood cells, loss of function and/or any other symptoms known to be associated with inflammatory conditions.
• inflammation will thus also be understood to include any inflammatory disease, disorder or condition per se, any condition that has an inflammatory component associated with it, and/or any condition characterised by inflammation as a symptom, including inter alia acute, chronic, ulcerative, specific, allergic and necrotic inflammation, and other forms of inflammation known to those skilled in the art.
• inflammation thus also includes, for the purposes of
• compounds of the invention may be useful in the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, allergic disorders, rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcers, inflammatory pain, fever, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, vasculitis, pancreatitis, arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, conjunctivitis, ulceris, scleritis, uveitis, wound healing, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, stroke, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's disease and other malignancies, and any other disease with an inflammatory component.
• COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• pulmonary fibrosis allergic disorders, rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcers, inflammatory pain, fever, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, vasculitis, pancreatiti
• Compounds of the invention may also have effects that are not linked to inflammatory mechanisms, such as in the reduction of bone loss in a subject.
• I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may thus also be useful in increasing bone mineral density, as well as the reduction in incidence and/or healing of fractures, in subjects.
• a method of treatment of a disease which is associated with, and/or which can be modulated by inhibition of, a lipoxygenase (such as 15 -lipoxygenase), and/or a method of treatment of a disease in which inhibition of the activity of a lipoxygenase, and particularly 15 -lipoxygenase, is desired and/or required (e.g. inflammation), which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I, as hereinbefore defined but without the provisos, or a - pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, to a patient suffering from, or susceptible to, such a condition.
• a lipoxygenase such as 15 -lipoxygenase
• Patients include mammalian (including human) patients.
• an effective amount refers to an amount of a compound, which confers a therapeutic effect on the treated patient.
• the effect may be objective (i.e. measurable by some test or marker) or subjective (i.e. the subject gives an indication of or feels an effect).
• Compounds of the invention will normally be administered orally, intravenously, subcutaneously, buccalfy, rectally, dermally, nasally, tracheally, bronchially, sublingually, by any other parenteral route or via inhalation, in a pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form.
• Compounds of the invention may be administered alone, but are preferably administered by way of known pharmaceutical formulations, including tablets, capsules or elixirs for oral administration, suppositories for rectal administration, sterile solutions or suspensions for parenteral or intramuscular administration, and the like.
• Such formulations may be prepared in accordance with standard and/or accepted pharmaceutical practice.
• a pharmaceutical formulation including a compound of formula I, as hereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
• the invention further provides a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation, as hereinbefore defined, which process comprises bringing into association a compound of formula I 5 as hereinbefore defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
• Compounds of the invention may also be combined with other therapeutic agents that are useful in the treatment of inflammation as defined herein (e.g. NSAIDs, coxibs, corticosteroids, analgesics, inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase, inhibitors of FLAP (5-lipox ⁇ 'genase activating protein), and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRas), and/or other therapeutic agents that are useful in the treatment of inflammation).
• NSAIDs e.g. NSAIDs, coxibs, corticosteroids, analgesics, inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase, inhibitors of FLAP (5-lipox ⁇ 'genase activating protein), and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRas)
• NSAIDs e.g., piroxibs, corticosteroids, analgesics, inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase, inhibitors of FLAP (5-lipox ⁇ 'genase activating
• Such combination products provide for the administration of compound of the invention in conjunction with the other therapeutic agent, and may thus be presented either as separate formulations, wherein at least one of those formulations comprises compound of the invention and at least one comprises the other therapeutic agent, or may be presented (i.e. formulated) as a combined preparation (i.e. presented as a single formulation including compound of the invention and the other therapeutic agent).
• a pharmaceutical formulation including a compound of formula I, as hereinbefore defined but without the provisos, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, another therapeutic agent that is useful in the treatment of inflammation, and a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier; and
• kit of parts comprising components: (a) a pharmaceutical formulation including a compound of formula I, as hereinbefore defined but without the provisos, or a pharmaceutically- acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier; and (b) a pharmaceutical formulation including another therapeutic agent that is useful in the treatment of inflammation in admixture with a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier, which components (a) and (b) are each provided in a form that is suitable for administration in conjunction with the other.
• the invention further provides a process for the preparation of a combination product as hereinbefore defined, which process comprises bringing into association a compound of formula I, as hereinbefore defined but without the provisos, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with the other therapeutic agent that is useful in the treatment of inflammation, and at least one pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
• kits of parts as hereinbefore defined, by bringing the two components "into association with” each other, we include that the two components of the kit of parts may be:
• Oral, -pulmonary and topical dosages may range from between about 0.01 mg/kg of body weight per day (mg/kg/day) to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably about 0.01 to about 10 mg/kg/day, and more preferably about 0.1 to about 5.0 mg/kg/day.
• the compositions typically contain between about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg, and preferably between about 1 mg to about 100 mg, of the active ingredient.
• preferred doses will range from about 0.001 to about 10 mg/kg/hour during constant rate infusion.
• compounds may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily.
• physician or the skilled person, will be able to determine the actual dosage which will be most suitable for an individual patient, which is likely to vary with the route of administration, the type and severity of the condition that is to be treated, as well as the species, age, weight, sex, renal function, hepatic function and response of the particular patient to be treated.
• the above-mentioned dosages are exemplary of the average case; there can, of course, be individual instances where higher or lower dosage ranges are merited, and such are within the scope of this invention.
• Compounds of the invention may have the advantage that they are effective and/or selective inhibitors of lipoxygenases, and particularly 15-lipoxygenase.
• Compounds of the invention may also have the advantage that they may be more efficacious than, be less toxic than, be longer acting than, be more potent than, produce fewer side effects than, be more easily absorbed than, and/or have a better pharmacokinetic profile (e.g. higher oral bioavailability and/or lower clearance) than, and/or have other useful pharmacological, physical, or chemical properties over, compounds known in the prior art, whether for use in the stated indications or otherwise.
• pharmacokinetic profile e.g. higher oral bioavailability and/or lower clearance
• the assay employed takes advantage of the ability of lipoxygenases to oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids, containing a 1,4-cis-pentadiene configuration, to their, corresponding hydroperoxy or hydroxyl derivatives.
• the lipoxygenase was a purified human 15-lipoxygenase and the fatty acid was arachidonic acid.
• the assay is performed at room temperature (20-22°C) and the following are added to each well in a 96-well microtiter plate: a) 35 ⁇ L phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4); b) inhibitor (i.e.
• the sub-title compound was prepared from 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (1.20 g, 5.42 mmol) and dimethylamine hydrochloride (508 mg, 6.23 mmol) using an excess of triethylamine (1.73 mL, 12.45 mmol) in accordance with the procedure described above. Yield 818 mg (66 %) as off-yellow needles.
• 3-Amino-6-fluoroquinoline, 3-amino-7-fluoroquinoline 5 3-amino-8-fluoro- quinoline and 3-amino-8-chloroquinoline were prepared in accordance with the steps (a) to (f) described below.
• the sub-title compound was prepared from 2-fluoroaniline (5.0 g, 45 mmol) in accordance with the procedure described above. Yield 11.68 g (92 %) as a white cotton-like solid.
• the sub-title compound was prepared from 2-[(2-cMorophenylamino)- methylenejmalonic acid diethyl ester (12.64 g, 42.5 mmol; see step (a) above) in accordance with the procedure described above. Yield 7.94 g (74 %) as a white solid.
• the sub-title compound was prepared from 4-chloro-7-fluoroquinoline-3- carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1.50 g, 5.91 mmol; see step (c) above) in accordance with the procedure described above.
• the green crude product was used without purification.
• the sub-title compound was prepared from 4-chloro-8-fluoroquinoline-3- carboxylic acid ethyl ester (9.65 g of the crude material; see step (c) above) by hydrogenation for 48 h in accordance with the procedure described above.
• the brown oil obtained was used without purification.
• the sub-title compound was prepared from 4 5 8-dichloroquinolme-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (5.15 g, 20.1 mmol; see step (c) above) by hydrogenation for 2 h in accordance with the procedure described above.
• the product was purified by chromatography (eluent EtO Ac/heptane). Yield 717 mg (15 %) of a white solid.
• the sub-title compound was prepared from 8 -fluoroquinoline-3 -carboxylic acid ethyl ester (9.6 g of the crude material; see step (d) above) in accordance with the procedure described above. Yield 3.00 g (60 % over three steps) as a light yellow solid.
• the sub-title compound was prepared from 7-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
• the sub-title compound was prepared from 8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (1.00 g 5 5.23 mmol; see step (e) above) in accordance with the procedure described above. Yield 113 mg (13 %) as a yellow solid.
• Propylmagnesiumbromide (6 mL of a 2M solution in diethyl ether, 12 mmol) was added to a solution of zinc chloride (IM in diethyl ether, 6 mL, 6 mmol) under an argon atmosphere at 0 °C.
• the solution was diluted with 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) and transferred into a suspension of 2-amino-5-bromopyridine (516 mg, 3 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl 2 -CH 2 Cl 2 (55 mg, 0.07 mmol) in 1,4-dipxane (5 mL). The mixture was heated atreflux for 20 h.
• 2-Amino-5-butylpyridine Prepared by a procedure analogous to that described above for 2-arnino-5- propylpyridine using butylmagnesiumchloride (2M in THF, 12 mL; 24 mmol) in place of propyhnagnesiumbromide.
• the crude product was purified by chromatography (EtO Ac/heptane) to give 405 mg (45%) of the title compound as brown solid.
• Oxalyl chloride (0.58 mL, 6.6 mmol) was added dropwise to a mixture of 1,2,3- triazole-4-carboxylic acid (678 mg, 6.0 mmol), DMF (1.0 mL) and THF (30 mL) under an argon atmosphere at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for 2 h and transferred dropwise to a solution of the relevant arylamine (2.2 mmol) and DIPEA (0.76 mL, 4.4 mmol) in THF (1.0 mL) cooled to 0 0 C. The mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for 30 min and heated to the indicated temperature for the indicated period of time.
• reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 days before the heating at the indicated temperature for the indicated time
• Butyllithium (1.6 M in hexanes,l.l mL, 1.7 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of l-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl]-l,2,3-triazole (3:1 mixture of the isomers, prepared as described hereinbefore, 300 mg, 1.5 mmol) in THF (20 mL) cooled to -20 0 C. The mixture was stirred at -20 0 C for 30 min and cooled to -78 0 C.
• Butyllithium (1.6 M in hexanes, 900 ⁇ L, 1.5 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of l-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl]-l 5 2,3-triazole (3:1 mixture of the isomers, prepared as described hereinbefore, 210 ⁇ L 5 299 mg, 1.5 mmol) in THF (12 mL) cooled to -50 0 C. The mixture was stirred at -50 0 C for 30 min, cooled to -78 °C and a solution of the relevant isocyanate (2 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added dropwise.
• Example 7 180O nM
• Example 9 160OnM
• Example 35 81OnM
• Example 36 116OnM
• Example 82 410OnM
• Example 91 940OnM

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Diabetes (AREA)
• Neurosurgery (AREA)
• Neurology (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Cardiology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Rheumatology (AREA)
• Obesity (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Endocrinology (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
• Psychiatry (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Transplantation (AREA)
• Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
• Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (11)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=35810092

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (14)

Cited By (8)

Families Citing this family (7)

Citations (1)

Family Cites Families (31)

• 2006
  • 2006-10-27 EP EP06808363A patent/EP1943234A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-10-27 CN CNA2006800405285A patent/CN101300236A/zh active Pending
  • 2006-10-27 NZ NZ567605A patent/NZ567605A/en unknown
  • 2006-10-27 BR BRPI0618079-5A patent/BRPI0618079A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-10-27 EA EA200801108A patent/EA200801108A1/ru unknown
  • 2006-10-27 ZA ZA200803636A patent/ZA200803636B/xx unknown
  • 2006-10-27 KR KR1020087013018A patent/KR20080067364A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-10-27 WO PCT/GB2006/004010 patent/WO2007051982A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2006-10-27 JP JP2008538393A patent/JP2009513691A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-10-27 CA CA002627516A patent/CA2627516A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-10-27 US US12/084,400 patent/US20090186918A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-10-27 AU AU2006310367A patent/AU2006310367A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2008
  • 2008-04-21 NO NO20081888A patent/NO20081888L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2008-04-27 IL IL191061A patent/IL191061A0/en unknown

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events