WO2007045324A1 - Method for operating a vegetable oil- block heating and power station - Google Patents

Method for operating a vegetable oil- block heating and power station Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007045324A1
WO2007045324A1 PCT/EP2006/009311 EP2006009311W WO2007045324A1 WO 2007045324 A1 WO2007045324 A1 WO 2007045324A1 EP 2006009311 W EP2006009311 W EP 2006009311W WO 2007045324 A1 WO2007045324 A1 WO 2007045324A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
engine
exhaust gas
vegetable oil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/009311
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Raimund WÜRZ
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Würz Energy GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Würz Energy GmbH filed Critical Würz Energy GmbH
Priority to EP06792258A priority Critical patent/EP1941147A1/en
Publication of WO2007045324A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007045324A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/04—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/06—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air
    • F02M31/08—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air the gases being exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D10/00—District heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/26—Internal combustion engine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/17—District heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a vegetable oil combined heat and power plant with an internal combustion engine that drives a generator, wherein the engine is associated with an engine control, which regulates the engine power.
  • Vegetable oil-powered combined heat and power plants are known in various designs. They have an internal combustion engine, which can usually be driven in diesel combustion mode. Instead of the diesel vegetable oil, such as rapeseed oil is burned in the engine. The resulting mechanical work is converted into electricity in a generator. The waste heat of the internal combustion engine can be exchanged via a heat exchanger in a heating system. Usually, a SoII value is set for the power output of the internal combustion engine, which the engine control starts via a control loop. In this control, the performance of the internal combustion engine is not optimally utilized.
  • the target value specification must take into account a safety margin compared to the maximum possible power output. This prevents that the internal combustion engine always operates in the permissible power range, regardless of external influences.
  • This object is achieved in that the engine power is regulated as a function of the exhaust gas temperature, wherein the exhaust gas temperature is maintained at a constant or approximately constant level.
  • the control of the engine operation takes place as a function of the exhaust gas and thus the combustion temperature.
  • This temperature is maintained at a uniform level, there are constant combustion conditions in the combustion chambers. In this way, the combustion process for the vegetable oil can be reproducibly kept uniform. It has been found that in this way a reliable combustion operation with low engine failure risk can be achieved.
  • this type of control also allows optimum power output.
  • the internal combustion engine can always deliver its optimum performance, the danger of thermal overloading of the internal combustion engine being always excluded.
  • the exhaust gas temperature in the combustion chamber of at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine or in the exhaust line of the internal combustion engine is determined immediately after the combustion chamber.
  • the engine control can also be such that the measured exhaust gas temperature is compared with a predetermined or predefinable setpoint value, and that when the actual temperature value is above or below the setpoint value, an alarm signal is triggered and / or the engine operation is switched off.
  • the combustion chamber can be monitored for a regular burning operation and in the event of an impermissible deviation engine damage can be prevented.
  • each cylinder of the internal combustion engine is monitored with its own temperature sensor.
  • a possible variant of the invention is such that the vegetable oil supplied to the internal combustion engine is heated by means of a controllable fuel heater, and that the fuel heater is controlled as a function of the engine power or the exhaust gas temperature.
  • the vegetable oil is supplied to the internal combustion engine in a permissible temperature range, it has been shown that in this area, the temperature can be adjusted so that an optimized power output and thus an improvement in efficiency is possible.
  • the fuel heater is operated directly or indirectly by means of the waste heat emitted by the internal combustion engine.
  • the engine waste heat can be used so that the fuel heater is operated directly or indirectly by means of the waste heat emitted by the internal combustion engine. So that the internal combustion engine is already supplied with vegetable oil at the appropriate temperature during startup, it can be provided that the vegetable oil can be heated by means of a controllable electrical auxiliary device.
  • the power decrease can also be further increased if it is provided that the temperature of the internal combustion engine via the cooling circuit flowing coolant is adjusted by means of a control device.
  • the drawing shows in schematic representations an internal combustion engine 10 with eight cylinders 11.
  • the exhaust gas escaping from the cylinder 11 can be collected in an exhaust 13 and discharged into the environment.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 drives with its output shaft 14 a generator 12 in which electrical energy is generated.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 has a cooling circuit. This exchanges the waste heat via a heat exchanger 15 in a heating circuit 18, in which a heating system 19 and / or a thermal storage can be integrated.
  • the heat exchanger 15 may have a mixing arrangement. This has a connecting line which connects the flow and the return of the heat exchanger 15 supplied cooling circuit with each other.
  • the flow through the connecting line can be regulated by means of a controllable valve.
  • the valve control takes place as a function of the coolant temperature flowing to the internal combustion engine 10 in such a way that it is kept constant.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 is supplied with vegetable oil via a fuel supply line 16.1. To enable trouble-free operation, the vegetable oil must not fall below a certain temperature. For this reason, a fuel heater 16 is used.
  • Internal combustion engine 10 is additionally provided an electric heater which heats the vegetable oil.
  • the electric heater can be decoupled and the fuel heater 16 takes over their task.
  • the heating of the vegetable oil can be varied within a temperature range.
  • the fuel temperature is controlled such that an optimized output of the internal combustion engine 10 results.
  • each cylinder 11 is associated with its own temperature sensor. This measures the combustion temperature of the exhaust gas directly at the gas outlet of the cylinder 11. The measurement results are fed to the engine control. This forms an average value from the measurement results, which is subjected to a desired-actual-value comparison. The engine controller adjusts the power of the engine 10 by means of a control loop so that the target value is reached and maintained.
  • the temperature of the intake combustion air may vary. This has an immediate effect on the combustion temperature.
  • the motor control ensures that the combustion temperature remains constant by varying the power consumption generated at the generator 12. In this way, the internal combustion engine 10 can be kept constant at a thermal operating level and thereby the power output can be optimized.
  • combustion temperature may be the ambient temperature of the internal combustion engine 10, the cooling temperature and the fuel temperature.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a vegetable oil-block heating and power station using a combustion engine which drives a generator, the combustion engine being associated with an engine control system which regulates engine power. In order to achieve optimum power output at the same time as a reliable and trouble-free operation, the engine power is regulated as a function of the exhaust gas temperature, the exhaust gas temperature being maintained at a constant or almost constant level.

Description

Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Pflanzenöl-BlockheizkraftwerksMethod for operating a vegetable oil cogeneration plant
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Pflanzenöl- Blockheizkraftwerkes mit einem Verbrennungsmotor, der einen Generator antreibt, wobei dem Verbrennungsmotor eine Motorsteuerung zugeordnet ist, die die Motorleistung regelt.The invention relates to a method for operating a vegetable oil combined heat and power plant with an internal combustion engine that drives a generator, wherein the engine is associated with an engine control, which regulates the engine power.
Pflanzenöl-betriebene Blockheizkraftwerke sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen bekannt. Sie weisen einen Verbrennungsmotor auf, der üblicherweise auch im Diesel-Verbrennungsbetrieb gefahren werden kann. Anstelle des Diesels wird in dem Verbrennungsmotor Pflanzenöl, beispielsweise Rapsöl verbrannt. Die dabei entstehende mechanische Arbeit wird in einem Generator in elektrischen Strom umgewandelt. Die Abwärme des Verbrennungsmotors kann über einen Wärmetauscher in ein Heizsystem abgetauscht werden. Üblicherweise wird für die Leistungsabgabe des Verbrennungsmotors ein SoII- Wert eingestellt, den die Motorsteuerung über einen Regelkreis anfährt. Bei dieser Steuerung ist die Leistungsfähigkeit des Verbrennungsmotors nicht optimal ausgenutzt.Vegetable oil-powered combined heat and power plants are known in various designs. They have an internal combustion engine, which can usually be driven in diesel combustion mode. Instead of the diesel vegetable oil, such as rapeseed oil is burned in the engine. The resulting mechanical work is converted into electricity in a generator. The waste heat of the internal combustion engine can be exchanged via a heat exchanger in a heating system. Usually, a SoII value is set for the power output of the internal combustion engine, which the engine control starts via a control loop. In this control, the performance of the internal combustion engine is not optimally utilized.
Vielmehr ist es so, dass die Soll-Wert-Vorgabe gegenüber der maximal möglichen Leistungsabgabe einen Sicherheitsbereich berücksichtigen muss. Damit wird verhindert, dass unabhängig von äußeren Einwirkungen der Verbrennungsmotor stets im zulässigen Leistungsbereich arbeitet.Rather, it is the case that the target value specification must take into account a safety margin compared to the maximum possible power output. This prevents that the internal combustion engine always operates in the permissible power range, regardless of external influences.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Steuerung eines pflanzenöl- betriebenen Verbrennungsmotors zu schaffen, bei dem bei zuverlässigem Betrieb gleichzeitig eine optimierte Leistungsabgabe erreicht wird.It is an object of the invention to provide a method for controlling a vegetable oil-powered internal combustion engine, in which at the same time an optimized power output is achieved with reliable operation.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass die Motorleistung in Abhängigkeit von der Abgas-Temperatur geregelt wird, wobei die Abgastemperatur auf einem konstanten oder annähernd konstanten Niveau gehalten wird.This object is achieved in that the engine power is regulated as a function of the exhaust gas temperature, wherein the exhaust gas temperature is maintained at a constant or approximately constant level.
Die Steuerung des Motorbetriebes erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von der Abgas- und damit der Verbrennungstemperatur. Dadurch, dass diese Temperatur auf einem gleichmäßigen Niveau gehalten wird, liegen in den Brennräumen konstante Verbrennungsbedingungen vor. Auf diese Weise kann der Verbrennungsprozess für das Pflanzenöl reproduzierbar gleichmäßig gehalten werden. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass auf diese Weise ein zuverlässiger Brennbetrieb mit geringer Motorausfall-Gefahr erreicht werden kann.The control of the engine operation takes place as a function of the exhaust gas and thus the combustion temperature. The fact that this temperature is maintained at a uniform level, there are constant combustion conditions in the combustion chambers. In this way, the combustion process for the vegetable oil can be reproducibly kept uniform. It has been found that in this way a reliable combustion operation with low engine failure risk can be achieved.
Weiterhin ermöglicht diese Steuerungsart auch eine optimale Leistungsausbeute. Dabei kann der Verbrennungsmotor abhängig von den äußeren Einflüssen stets seine optimale Leistung abgeben, wobei die Gefahr einer thermischen Überlastung des Verbrennungsmotors stets ausgeschlossen ist. Um eine möglichst zuverlässige Aussage über die Verbrennungsbedingungen zu erhalten, kann es gemäß einer bevorzugten Erfindungsausgestaltung vorgesehen sein, dass die Abgastemperatur in dem Brennraum wenigstens eines Zylinders des Verbrennungsmotors oder im Abgasstrang des Verbrennungsmotors unmittelbar nach dem Brennraum ermittelt wird.Furthermore, this type of control also allows optimum power output. In this case, depending on the external influences, the internal combustion engine can always deliver its optimum performance, the danger of thermal overloading of the internal combustion engine being always excluded. In order to obtain as reliable a statement as possible about the combustion conditions, it may be provided according to a preferred embodiment of the invention that the exhaust gas temperature in the combustion chamber of at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine or in the exhaust line of the internal combustion engine is determined immediately after the combustion chamber.
Dabei kann die Motorsteuerung auch dergestalt sein, dass die gemessene Abgastemperatur mit einem vorgegebenen oder vorgebbaren Soll-Wert verglichen wird, und dass bei Über- oder Unterschreiten des Ist- Temperaturwertes über oder unter den Sollwert ein Alarmsignal ausgelöst und/oder der Motorbetrieb abgeschaltet wird. Auf diese Weise kann der Brennraum auf einen regelmäßigen Brenn-Betrieb überwacht werden und im Fall einer unzulässigen Abweichung eine Motorschädigung verhindert werden. Vorzugsweise wird jeder Zylinder des Verbrennungsmotors mit einem eigenen Temperatursensor überwacht.In this case, the engine control can also be such that the measured exhaust gas temperature is compared with a predetermined or predefinable setpoint value, and that when the actual temperature value is above or below the setpoint value, an alarm signal is triggered and / or the engine operation is switched off. In this way, the combustion chamber can be monitored for a regular burning operation and in the event of an impermissible deviation engine damage can be prevented. Preferably, each cylinder of the internal combustion engine is monitored with its own temperature sensor.
Eine mögliche Erfindungsvariante ist dergestalt, dass das dem Verbrennungsmotor zugeleitete Pflanzenöl mittels einer regelbaren Kraftstoffheizung erwärmt wird, und dass die Kraftstoffheizung in Abhängigkeit von der Motorleistung oder der Abgastemperatur gesteuert wird. Dabei wird das Pflanzenöl dem Verbrennungsmotor in einem zulässigen Temperaturbereich zugeführt, wobei sich gezeigt hat, dass in diesem Bereich die Temperatur so eingestellt werden kann, dass eine optimierte Leistungsausbeute und damit eine Wirkungsgradverbesserung möglich ist.A possible variant of the invention is such that the vegetable oil supplied to the internal combustion engine is heated by means of a controllable fuel heater, and that the fuel heater is controlled as a function of the engine power or the exhaust gas temperature. Here, the vegetable oil is supplied to the internal combustion engine in a permissible temperature range, it has been shown that in this area, the temperature can be adjusted so that an optimized power output and thus an improvement in efficiency is possible.
Dabei kann es vorzugsweise vorgesehen sein, dass die Kraftstoffheizung mittelbar oder unmittelbar mittels der vom Verbrennungsmotor abgegebenen Abwärme betrieben wird. Beispielsweise kann die Motorabwärme so genutzt werden, dass die Kraftstoffheizung mittelbar oder unmittelbar mittels der vom Verbrennungsmotor abgegebenen Abwärme betrieben wird. Damit dem Verbrennungsmotor bereits bei der Inbetriebnahme Pflanzenöl mit der geeigneten Temperatur zugeleitet wird, kann es vorgesehen sein, dass das Pflanzenöl mittels einer steuerbaren elektrischen Zusatzeinrichtung erwärmbar ist.It can preferably be provided that the fuel heater is operated directly or indirectly by means of the waste heat emitted by the internal combustion engine. For example, the engine waste heat can be used so that the fuel heater is operated directly or indirectly by means of the waste heat emitted by the internal combustion engine. So that the internal combustion engine is already supplied with vegetable oil at the appropriate temperature during startup, it can be provided that the vegetable oil can be heated by means of a controllable electrical auxiliary device.
Die Leistungsabnahme lässt sich auch weiter erhöhen, wenn vorgesehen ist, dass die Temperatur des dem Verbrennungsmotors über den Kühlkreislauf zufließenden Kühlmittels mittels einer Regeleinrichtung eingestellt wird.The power decrease can also be further increased if it is provided that the temperature of the internal combustion engine via the cooling circuit flowing coolant is adjusted by means of a control device.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt in schematischer Darstellungen einen Verbrennungsmotor 10 mit acht Zylindern 11. Das aus den Zylinder 11 entweichende Abgas kann in einem Auspuff 13 gesammelt und in die Umgebung abgegeben werden. Der Verbrennungsmotor 10 treibt mit seiner Abtriebswelle 14 einen Generator 12 an, in dem elektrische Energie erzeugt wird.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. The drawing shows in schematic representations an internal combustion engine 10 with eight cylinders 11. The exhaust gas escaping from the cylinder 11 can be collected in an exhaust 13 and discharged into the environment. The internal combustion engine 10 drives with its output shaft 14 a generator 12 in which electrical energy is generated.
Zur Abfuhr der während des Motorbetriebes erzeugten Abwärme besitzt der Verbrennungsmotor 10 einen Kühlkreislauf. Dieser tauscht die Abwärme über einen Wärmetauscher 15 in einen Heizkreislauf 18, in dem eine Heizanlage 19 und/oder ein thermischer Speicher integriert sein kann.To dissipate the waste heat generated during engine operation, the internal combustion engine 10 has a cooling circuit. This exchanges the waste heat via a heat exchanger 15 in a heating circuit 18, in which a heating system 19 and / or a thermal storage can be integrated.
Der Wärmetauscher 15 kann eine Mischanordnung aufweisen. Diese weist eine Verbindungsleitung auf, die den Vorlauf und den Rücklauf des dem Wärmetauschers 15 zugeführten Kühlkreislaufes miteinander verbindet. Dabei ist der Durchfluss durch die Verbindungsleitung mittels eines steuerbaren Ventils regelbar. Die Ventilsteuerung erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von der, dem Verbrennungsmotor 10 zufließenden Kühlmitteltemperatur derart, dass diese konstant gehalten wird. Wie die Zeichnung weiter erkennen lässt, wird dem Verbrennungsmotor 10 über eine Kraftstoffzuleitung 16.1 Pflanzenöl zugeführt. Um einen störungsfreien Betrieb zu ermöglichen, darf das Pflanzenöl eine bestimmte Temperatur nicht unterschreiten. Aus diesem Grund wird eine Kraftstoffheizung 16 verwendet.The heat exchanger 15 may have a mixing arrangement. This has a connecting line which connects the flow and the return of the heat exchanger 15 supplied cooling circuit with each other. The flow through the connecting line can be regulated by means of a controllable valve. The valve control takes place as a function of the coolant temperature flowing to the internal combustion engine 10 in such a way that it is kept constant. As the drawing shows, the internal combustion engine 10 is supplied with vegetable oil via a fuel supply line 16.1. To enable trouble-free operation, the vegetable oil must not fall below a certain temperature. For this reason, a fuel heater 16 is used.
Diese ist mit dem Heizkreislauf verbunden und nutzt somit die thermischeThis is connected to the heating circuit and thus uses the thermal
Energie des Verbrennungsmotors 10. Für die Inbetriebnahme desEnergy of the internal combustion engine 10. For the commissioning of the
Verbrennungsmotors 10 ist zusätzlich eine elektrische Heizung vorgesehen, die das Pflanzenöl erwärmt.Internal combustion engine 10 is additionally provided an electric heater which heats the vegetable oil.
Sobald der Verbrennungsmotor 10 seine Betriebstemperatur erreicht hat, kann die elektrische Heizung abgekoppelt werden und die Kraftstoffheizung 16 übernimmt deren Aufgabe.Once the engine 10 has reached its operating temperature, the electric heater can be decoupled and the fuel heater 16 takes over their task.
Die Erwärmung des Pflanzenöls kann in einem Temperaturbereich variiert werden. Dabei wird die Kraftstofftemperatur so gesteuert, dass sich eine optimierte Leistungsabgabe des Verbrennungsmotors 10 ergibt.The heating of the vegetable oil can be varied within a temperature range. In this case, the fuel temperature is controlled such that an optimized output of the internal combustion engine 10 results.
Die Zeichnung veranschaulicht weiter, dass jedem Zylinder 11 ein eigener Temperatursensor zugeordnet ist. Dieser misst die Verbrennungstemperatur des Abgases unmittelbar am Gasauslass des Zylinders 11. Die Messergebnisse werden der Motorsteuerung zugeführt. Diese bildet aus den Messergebnissen einen Mittelwert, welcher einem Soll-Ist-Wert-Vergleich unterzogen wird. Die Motorsteuerung regelt die Leistung des Verbrennungsmotors 10 mittels eines Regelkreises so ein, dass der Soll-Wert erreicht und aufrechterhalten wird.The drawing further illustrates that each cylinder 11 is associated with its own temperature sensor. This measures the combustion temperature of the exhaust gas directly at the gas outlet of the cylinder 11. The measurement results are fed to the engine control. This forms an average value from the measurement results, which is subjected to a desired-actual-value comparison. The engine controller adjusts the power of the engine 10 by means of a control loop so that the target value is reached and maintained.
Während des Betriebes treten Abweichungen in den Umgebungsbedingungen auf. Beispielsweise kann die Temperatur der angesaugten Verbrennungsluft variieren. Dies hat unmittelbar Auswirkungen auf die Verbrennungstemperatur. Die Motorsteuerung sorgt jedoch durch eine Variation der am Generator 12 erzeugten Leistungsaufnahme dafür, dass die Verbrennungstemperatur konstant bleibt. Auf diese Weise kann der Verbrennungsmotor 10 konstant auf einem thermischen Betriebsniveau gehalten und dabei die Leistungsabgabe optimiert werden.During operation, deviations in the ambient conditions occur. For example, the temperature of the intake combustion air may vary. This has an immediate effect on the combustion temperature. However, the motor control ensures that the combustion temperature remains constant by varying the power consumption generated at the generator 12. In this way, the internal combustion engine 10 can be kept constant at a thermal operating level and thereby the power output can be optimized.
Weitere, die Verbrennungstemperatur beeinflussende Faktoren können die Umgebungstemperatur des Verbrennungsmotors 10, die Kühltemperatur und die Kraftstofftemperatur sein. Other factors influencing the combustion temperature may be the ambient temperature of the internal combustion engine 10, the cooling temperature and the fuel temperature.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Pflanzenöl-Blockheizkraftwerkes mit einem Verbrennungsmotor (10), der einen Generator (12) antreibt, wobei demA method of operating a vegetable oil combined heat and power plant having an internal combustion engine (10) driving a generator (12), wherein the
Verbrennungsmotor (10) eine Motorsteuerung zugeordnet ist, die die Motorleistung regelt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Motorleistung in Abhängigkeit von der Abgas-Temperatur geregelt wird, wobei die Abgastemperatur auf einem konstanten oder annähernd konstanten Niveau gehalten wird.Internal combustion engine (10) is associated with an engine control, which regulates the engine power, characterized in that the engine power is regulated in dependence on the exhaust gas temperature, wherein the exhaust gas temperature is maintained at a constant or approximately constant level.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgastemperatur in dem Brennraum wenigstens eines Zylinders2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust gas temperature in the combustion chamber of at least one cylinder
(11) des Verbrennungsmotors (10) oder im Abgasstrang des Verbrennungsmotors (10) unmittelbar nach dem Brennraum ermittelt wird. (11) of the internal combustion engine (10) or in the exhaust line of the internal combustion engine (10) is determined immediately after the combustion chamber.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gemessene Abgastemperatur mit einem vorgegebenen oder vorgebbaren Soll-Wert verglichen wird, und dass bei Über- oder Unterschreiten des Ist-Temperaturwertes über oder unter den Sollwert ein Alarmsignal ausgelöst und/oder der Motorbetrieb abgeschaltet wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the measured exhaust gas temperature is compared with a predetermined or predefinable setpoint value, and that triggers when exceeding or falling below the actual temperature value above or below the setpoint an alarm signal and / or shut off the engine operation becomes.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das dem Verbrennungsmotor (10) zugeleitete Pflanzenöl mittels einer regelbaren Kraftstoffheizung (16) erwärmt wird, und dass die Kraftstoffheizung (16) in Abhängigkeit von der Motorleistung oder der Abgastemperatur gesteuert wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the internal combustion engine (10) supplied vegetable oil is heated by means of a controllable fuel heater (16), and that the fuel heater (16) is controlled in dependence on the engine power or the exhaust gas temperature ,
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstoffheizung (16) mittelbar oder unmittelbar mittels der vom Verbrennungsmotor (10) abgegebenen Abwärme betrieben wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fuel heater (16) directly or indirectly by means of the internal combustion engine (10) discharged waste heat is operated.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein dem Verbrennungsmotor (10) zugeordneter Kühlkreislauf die6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the internal combustion engine (10) associated with the cooling circuit
Abwärme des Verbrennungsmotors (10) über einen Wärmetauscher (15) in einen Heizkreislauf (18) abtauscht, und dass die Kraftstoffheizung (16) über einen Abzweigkreislauf vomWaste heat of the internal combustion engine (10) via a heat exchanger (15) in a heating circuit (18) exchanges, and that the fuel heater (16) via a branch circuit from
Heizkreislauf (18) aus betrieben wird. Heating circuit (18) is operated from.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das dem Verbrennungsmotor (10) zugeleitete Pflanzenöl mittels einer steuerbaren elektrischen Zusatzeinrichtung erwärmbar ist.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the internal combustion engine (10) supplied vegetable oil is heated by means of a controllable electrical auxiliary device.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatur des dem Verbrennungsmotors (10) über den8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the temperature of the internal combustion engine (10) via the
Kühlkreislauf zufließenden Kühlmittels mittels einer Regeleinrichtung eingestellt wird. Cooling circuit flowing coolant is adjusted by means of a control device.
PCT/EP2006/009311 2005-10-17 2006-09-26 Method for operating a vegetable oil- block heating and power station WO2007045324A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06792258A EP1941147A1 (en) 2005-10-17 2006-09-26 Method for operating a vegetable oil- block heating and power station

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DE102005049875.2 2005-10-17
DE102005049875A DE102005049875B4 (en) 2005-10-17 2005-10-17 Method for operating a vegetable oil cogeneration plant

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WO2008067975A1 (en) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Würz Energy GmbH Vegetable oil-driven engine arrangement

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CN108952996A (en) * 2018-07-11 2018-12-07 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 A kind of vehicle residual neat recovering system and vehicle based on the temperature difference

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JPS5898630A (en) 1981-12-09 1983-06-11 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd Method of controlling operation of internal combustion force power generating device
JPH02119608A (en) * 1988-10-27 1990-05-07 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd Exhaust gas heat exchanger
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WO2008067975A1 (en) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Würz Energy GmbH Vegetable oil-driven engine arrangement

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DE102005049875B4 (en) 2007-07-12
EP1941147A1 (en) 2008-07-09

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