WO2007031033A1 - Systeme reactif - Google Patents

Systeme reactif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007031033A1
WO2007031033A1 PCT/CN2006/002436 CN2006002436W WO2007031033A1 WO 2007031033 A1 WO2007031033 A1 WO 2007031033A1 CN 2006002436 W CN2006002436 W CN 2006002436W WO 2007031033 A1 WO2007031033 A1 WO 2007031033A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reaction
temperature
reaction chamber
temperature control
reaction system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2006/002436
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Guilin Wang
Lichen Diao
Original Assignee
Accelergy Shanghai R & D Center Co., Ltd
Accelergy Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Accelergy Shanghai R & D Center Co., Ltd, Accelergy Corporation filed Critical Accelergy Shanghai R & D Center Co., Ltd
Priority to EP06791028A priority Critical patent/EP1932584A1/en
Priority to US12/067,040 priority patent/US20090304557A1/en
Publication of WO2007031033A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007031033A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0013Controlling the temperature of the process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/004Multifunctional apparatus for automatic manufacturing of various chemical products
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0046Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00002Chemical plants
    • B01J2219/00027Process aspects
    • B01J2219/00029Batch processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00002Chemical plants
    • B01J2219/00027Process aspects
    • B01J2219/00038Processes in parallel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/0015Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
    • B01J2219/00153Vacuum spaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/0015Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
    • B01J2219/00155Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00279Features relating to reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00281Individual reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00286Reactor vessels with top and bottom openings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00279Features relating to reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00306Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement
    • B01J2219/00308Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement interchangeably mounted in racks or blocks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00351Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
    • B01J2219/00423Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents using filtration, e.g. through porous frits
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00495Means for heating or cooling the reaction vessels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00585Parallel processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00596Solid-phase processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/0068Means for controlling the apparatus of the process
    • B01J2219/00698Measurement and control of process parameters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00718Type of compounds synthesised
    • B01J2219/00745Inorganic compounds
    • B01J2219/00747Catalysts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reaction system, and more particularly to a system that can achieve one or more reactions. Background technique
  • One of the existing screening methods is: sequentially evaluating various possible catalysts. First, different catalysts were evaluated in sequence under the same conditions. A catalyst is first evaluated using a microreactor or pilot plant under the given conditions. After the experiment was completed, the catalyst was removed and the next catalyst was repeated until a suitable catalyst was screened. Repeated experiments can then be carried out under different conditions to evaluate the appropriate catalyst until the optimum reaction conditions for the suitable catalyst are found. Obviously, sequential experiments in this way take a lot of time, manpower and material resources.
  • the prior art provides a method of performing a plurality of reactions in parallel in a plurality of reactors. In this way, a large number of reactions can be synthesized, screened and evaluated simultaneously, which is beneficial to improve efficiency.
  • the reaction conditions in the multiple reactors must be substantially identical. The reaction temperature is a very important reaction condition.
  • the present invention provides a reaction system including a reaction chamber, a temperature control device thermally coupled to the reaction chamber, an insulator thermally coupled to the reaction chamber, and a heat radiation shield, the insulator Includes vacuum environment.
  • the reaction system of the invention has a heat radiation shielding portion and an insulator with a vacuum environment, so that the energy and time required for achieving equilibrium are less, the temperature of the reaction chamber is uniformly distributed, and the reaction chamber can be reduced.
  • the temperature control device includes a first temperature control element respectively thermally coupled to one side and the other side of the reaction chamber; the system may further include a temperature sensor; the plurality of reaction chambers in the system may be arranged in parallel, and The plurality of reaction chambers are substantially equal in distance to each other and substantially the same distance from the system housing; the system may further include an opening for selectively replacing the vacuum environment with a fluid to rapidly change the temperature of the system.
  • the present invention provides a reaction system comprising at least one reaction chamber, temperature control elements respectively thermally coupled to both sides of the at least one reaction chamber, and thermally coupled to the at least one reaction chamber Insulator.
  • the reaction system of the present invention has temperature control elements and insulators thermally connected to both sides of the at least one reaction chamber, thereby having less energy and time required to achieve equilibrium, ensuring uniform temperature distribution of the reaction chamber, The advantages of heat loss, increase or fluctuation between the reaction chambers and light weight can be reduced.
  • the above reaction system may further comprise a heat radiation shield and/or a temperature sensor; the insulator comprises a vacuum environment; the temperature control elements thermally coupled to both sides of the reaction chamber may be the same temperature control element.
  • the system described above may further include an opening for selectively replacing the vacuum environment with a fluid to rapidly heat or cool the system.
  • the present invention also provides another ruthenium system comprising a plurality of the above reaction systems arranged in an array.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a reaction system of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a top plan view of the system of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a bottom view of the system of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-1 of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a side elevational view of the system of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ⁇ - ⁇ of Figure 5, in which the housing of the system is removed for clarity;
  • Figure 6 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a reaction system of the present invention comprising a reaction tube;
  • Figure 6 (b) is a structural view of the reaction tube and the supporting device, in which the reaction tube is omitted in the longitudinal direction;
  • Figure 6 (c) is another structural view of the reaction tube and the carrying device, in which the reaction tube is in the longitudinal direction Partially omitted;
  • Figure 6 (d) is a schematic view showing still another structure of the reaction tube and the carrying device
  • 6(e) to 6(h) are schematic views of a suspension type carrying device
  • Figure 7 is a side view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a plan view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ⁇ - ⁇ shown in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a side view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a plan view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 is a side view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 16 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 17 is a plan view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V of Figure 17;
  • Figure 19 is a side elevational view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a plan view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI of Figure 21;
  • Figure 23 is a series diagram of three systems shown in Figures 7 to 10;
  • Figure 24 is a series diagram of three systems shown in Figures 11 to 14;
  • Figure 25 is a series diagram of three systems shown in Figures 15 to 18;
  • Figure 26 is a series diagram of three systems of Figures 19-22. Specific travel mode
  • the reaction system includes a cylindrical housing 20 that includes a top plate 5, a bottom plate 10, and an outer wall 15 of a cylindrical surface.
  • the reaction system of the present invention comprises a plurality of reaction chambers 25, in this embodiment, 16 reaction chambers 25.
  • the reverse chamber 25 is a cylindrical hollow container for containing catalysts, reactants or other materials.
  • the reaction chamber 25 includes a top portion 35 and a bottom portion 40, wherein the top portion 35 is disposed at the top plate 5 of the housing 20 and the bottom portion 40 is disposed at the bottom plate 10.
  • the top portion 35 and the bottom portion 40 may be fixedly coupled to the top plate 5 and the bottom plate 10 by splicing, engaging or other joining means, or may be directly disposed with the top plate 5 and the bottom plate 10, eliminating the above-mentioned connecting steps.
  • Each reaction chamber 25 is parallel to the central axis 30 of the housing 20 and is circularly arranged within the housing 20 such that each reaction chamber 25 is equidistant from the adjacent reaction chamber 25 and is aligned with the central axis of the housing 20.
  • the distances 30 are equal and/or equal to the distance from the outer wall 15 of the housing 20.
  • the reaction system includes a temperature control device.
  • the temperature control device includes a temperature monitoring unit (not shown) and a pair of first temperature control elements 45, 50 for controlling the temperature of all of the reaction chambers 25.
  • the temperature monitoring unit is used to regulate the temperature of the first temperature control element 45, 50.
  • the first temperature control element 45 is mounted on the top plate 5 to be thermally coupled to the top 35 of each reaction chamber 25, while the other first temperature control element 50 is mounted on the base plate 10 for thermal connection to the bottom 40 of each reaction chamber 25. .
  • the first temperature control elements 45, 50 are respectively thermally connected to both ends of the reaction chamber 25, and by heating or cooling the top plate 5 and the bottom plate 10, each reaction chamber 25 can be heated or cooled from the top portion 35 and the bottom portion 40, as each reaction
  • the reaction The temperature of the system reaches equilibrium.
  • the temperatures of the top 35 and the bottom 40 of each reaction chamber 25 are substantially the same, the temperatures of the reaction chambers 25 are substantially the same; when the temperatures of the top 35 and the bottom 40 of each reaction chamber 25 are not the same, the temperature gradient of each reaction chamber 25 basically the same.
  • the reaction system of the present invention can provide a plurality of pairs of first temperature control elements on the top plate 5 and the bottom plate 10, respectively, for example, a pair of first temperature control elements are disposed at the grooves 501, 101 of the top plate 5 and the bottom plate 10, and the first temperature.
  • the control elements 45, 50 are used in combination to achieve better temperature control.
  • the reaction system of the present invention may also provide a thermal buffering element between the temperature control element and the reaction chamber.
  • a thermal buffering member 47 (or 52) is disposed between a pair of first temperature control elements 45b (or 50b) and the reaction chamber 25, such that the first A temperature control element 45b (or 50b) and the reaction chamber 25 are thermally connected by a thermal buffer element 47 (or 52) to act as a thermal buffer to increase the reaction system at a lower temperature, such as 500°.
  • the use performance at the time of use below C reduces the temperature difference between the reaction chambers 25.
  • the thermal buffering member 47 (or 52) is made of a material having good thermal conductivity, such as metallic copper.
  • the first temperature control elements 45, 50 are a single temperature control element that is thermally coupled to the top plate 5 and the bottom plate 10, respectively, such that by heating or cooling the top plate 5 and the bottom plate 10, each reaction chamber 25 can be The temperature changes simultaneously (heating or cooling) so that each of the reaction chambers 25 can perform a plurality of identical or different reactions at the same temperature.
  • the temperature control device can also be provided in other forms, for example, as a plurality of separate temperature control elements 45, 50 that are thermally coupled to the top 35, bottom 40 of one or more of the reaction chambers 25, respectively.
  • the temperature monitoring unit can individually or integrally adjust the temperature of each temperature control element 45, 50 according to actual requirements, so that the temperature of one, some or all of the reaction chambers 25 changes.
  • the temperature control elements 45, 50 used herein may include, but are not limited to, one or more temperature control elements, heating elements, cooling elements, or any element that can cause a temperature change to an object to which it is thermally coupled, such as: an automatic temperature controller , manual temperature controller, heater and refrigeration unit.
  • the reaction system may further include one or more second temperature control elements 80, 85 that may be mounted on the top plate 5 and/or the bottom plate 10, respectively, and may be mounted throughout Other locations of the system, such as outer wall 15, reaction chamber 25, and the like.
  • the second temperature control element 80, 85 may also include openings 90, 95, 100, 105, which may be any element that causes fluid to enter or exit the second temperature control element 80, 85, such as a valve or tube or the like.
  • the openings 90, 95, 100, 105 can selectively control fluid flow through the second temperature control elements 80, 85.
  • the second temperature control element 80, 85 can be divided into the top plate 5 or the bottom plate 10 by a channel system The fluid is dispensed such that the top plate 5 or the bottom plate 10 is rapidly heated or cooled.
  • the top plate 5, the bottom plate 10, the outer wall 15, the top portion 35, the bottom portion 40, and the one or more reaction chambers 25 are made of a material having good conductivity.
  • the reaction system of the present invention can be integrally placed in a housing that can have temperature control such that the outer wall 15, top plate 5 and bottom plate 10 of the system are heated or cooled to a desired temperature.
  • the outer casing can have a heat insulating effect to reduce heat exchange between the reaction system and the outside.
  • the reaction system of the present invention further includes a plurality of elements for preventing unnecessary heat loss or heat increase due to conduction, convection or radiation to ensure thermal stability of the reaction system of the present invention.
  • the reaction system adopts a cylindrical outer shield portion 55 as shown in FIG. 4, and reflects radiation from the reaction chamber 25 back to the reaction chamber 25, or emits radiation from the outside, thereby preventing the outside. Heat exchange.
  • the outer shield portion 55 may be disposed in parallel with the outer wall 15, outside the reaction chamber 25, or directly on the outer wall 15.
  • the reaction system of the present invention may further comprise a plurality of outer shields 55 or other elements having the function of outer shields 55 to maximize the thermal stability of the reaction system of the present invention.
  • reaction system of the present invention may also use an inner shield (not shown) disposed in the reaction chamber 25 for preventing radiation from the reaction chamber 25 from entering the interior of the housing 20.
  • the surface of the outer shield 55 or the inner shield may be sprayed with a material capable of preventing or reducing radiation, such as a reflective material or a reflective insulating material, or made of a material capable of preventing or reducing radiation.
  • the reflective material comprises a radiation barrier or a reflective insulating layer.
  • the radiation barrier is a single sheet of reflective material.
  • the reflective insulating layer is an insulating system in which a reflective sheet and an insulator are combined. Therefore, the reflective insulating layer includes a plurality of layers of insulators and reflective sheets. Reflective materials can include, but are not limited to, reflective foils, non-pound steels, high temperature metal alloys, and other metallic or non-metallic materials known in the art that can have a smooth surface and are reflective to infrared or visible light.
  • the reaction system further includes an insulator 65 disposed between the reaction chamber 25 and the outer wall 15 and/or the housing 20 for further reducing heat loss or heat increase.
  • An insulator 65 surrounds each of the reaction chambers 25 to prevent heat loss or heat increase from or to the reaction chamber 25.
  • the insulator 65 can vary depending on the needs of the system.
  • the insulator can include a cavity (not shown) that can be a substantially vacuum, air filled or otherwise filled cavity. Insulating materials include, but are not limited to, foam, polyurethane foam, perlite, fiberglass, and Teflon.
  • the insulator 65 may be provided with a plurality of spaced apart cavities or insulators, wherein each of the cavities may be a vacuum chamber or may be filled with air or other insulating material. Referred to herein includes a vacuum chamber and a pressure chamber partial vacuum 10_ 4 ⁇ 10- 6 lbs / square inch between (psi) or a pressure chamber between 10- 6 ⁇ 10- 1Q psi.
  • the outer shield 55 can be used with the insulator 65, and the outer shield 55 is placed with the insulator 65. Inside the cavity. Further, if thousands of inner shields and/or outer shields 55 may or may not be used with insulator 65 containing a plurality of cavities to reduce heat loss or heat increase of the reaction system of the present invention. A plurality of through holes 550 may be formed in the outer shield portion 55 to communicate the insulators 65 on the inner and outer sides of the outer shield portion 55.
  • the reaction system may include one or more guides for loading reactants, catalysts or other materials into the reaction chamber 25 or for removing them from the reaction chamber 25.
  • the guiding portion may be in any form, such as a guiding tube, a guiding groove or a guiding opening, as long as it does not substantially obstruct the other heat protection measures of the embodiment, or the system can be introduced or removed. After the lead, you can quickly return to the equilibrium state.
  • a guide can be used to change the temperature of the system by providing a temperature-adjusting guide, such as by preheating or pre-cooling the guide.
  • the guides may be located at the top 35 and/or bottom 40 of each reaction chamber 25, may be a single or multiple feed guides for each reaction chamber 25, or may be of any other form.
  • the above-described guide portion may include a pre-heater or pre-cooler that preheats or pre-cools the material before it is introduced into the reaction chamber 25.
  • a pre-heater or pre-cooler that preheats or pre-cools the material before it is introduced into the reaction chamber 25.
  • the present embodiment can include an insulator opening 75 that can be selectively opened or closed, wherein the insulator opening 75 is coupled to the insulator 65.
  • the insulator opening 75 can be used to create a vacuum when the insulator 65 is vacuum; the insulator opening 75 can be used to add or remove the material when the insulator 65 is another material.
  • the insulator opening 75 can be used as a third temperature control element to allow the material in the insulator 65 to be replaced.
  • the insulator opening 75 can be used to relieve vacuum and/or fill the insulating cavity with fluid.
  • Yet another embodiment is to provide a second insulator opening (not shown) such that the first insulator opening 75 creates a vacuum in the insulator 65 and the second insulator opening opens to introduce fluid into the system.
  • the reaction system of the present invention can be provided with a plurality of insulator openings for selectively creating a vacuum or introducing a fluid into each cavity.
  • the system can include a temperature sensor 70.
  • Temperature sensor 70 can be used to sense the temperature of a particular location in one or more of reaction chambers 25 or the temperature of its surface. Alternatively, the temperature sensor 70 may be placed in the reaction generating zone or placed close to the reaction generating zone so that the temperature of the reaction can be monitored.
  • the cylindrical casing 20 can conveniently make the distance between each reaction chamber 25 and its adjacent reaction chamber 25 equal.
  • the housing 20 can take other suitable arrangements.
  • the housing 20 of the system can be any three-dimensional shape, such as a polyhedron, a cube, a box or a ball, or any other cylindrical shape.
  • Materials suitable for use in making the reaction chamber 25 or other components include high temperature resistant materials, pressure resistant materials, and materials that are not susceptible to chemicals such as acids, bases, or other reactive composites. These materials include metals and alloys thereof including, but not limited to, different grades of steel or non-recorded steel, superalloys, engineering plastics, ceramics, composites, polymers, or any combination of the above.
  • the temperature range used in the present embodiment ranges from ambient temperature to about 600 ° C, from ambient temperature to about 800 ⁇ , from ambient temperature to about 1000 ° C, from ambient temperature to about 1200 ⁇ , and from ambient temperature to about 1400 ° C. Further, it will be appreciated that the present embodiment is applicable to a temperature range from much lower than ambient temperature to much higher than ambient temperature, depending on the circumstances.
  • Advantages of the arrangement described in this embodiment include the ability to reduce the energy required to reach the equilibrium of the heating system, reduce the time required for the system to reach equilibrium or cool, and distribute the temperature more evenly throughout the system, particularly the reaction chamber. , and reduce the total weight of the entire system.
  • the present invention provides another embodiment to reduce such temperature difference, thereby reducing the heat transfer rate ( Heat loss or heat increase).
  • q represents the heat transferred per unit time
  • k represents the thermal conductivity of the barrier layer
  • A represents the area
  • d represents the thickness
  • q represents the heat transferred per unit time
  • K represents the heat transfer coefficient of convection in the process
  • A represents the surface area of heat transfer
  • P the radiation power
  • e represents the emissivity
  • represents the Stephen constant
  • represents the area of radiation
  • a fourth temperature control element (not shown) is provided on the outer wall 15 of the system illustrated in Figures 1 through 6 for reducing the temperature differential between the outer wall 15 and the reaction chamber 25.
  • a second insulator can be inserted between the outer wall 15 of the housing 20 and the fourth temperature control element to further reduce heat loss or heat increase.
  • the insulator can be any insulating material, vacuum or a combination thereof.
  • the catalyst, reactant or other material may be directly charged into the reaction chamber 25, or a reaction tube may be added, and a catalyst, a reactant or other material is first loaded into the reaction tube, and the reaction tube is assembled. In the reaction chamber 25.
  • the pipeline at the front end or the rear end of the reaction system can be connected to the reaction tube through a ferrule or a joint, which is more convenient than the direct connection with the reaction chamber 25, and the connection is more reliable; further, the use of the reaction tube can make research The personnel only need to replace different reaction tubes to meet different test requirements, without having to change the reaction chamber 25 and the reaction system, the application is more flexible; finally, the use of the reaction tube can also facilitate the filling and cleaning of catalysts and the like.
  • a support means for carrying a catalyst, reactant or other material loaded into the reaction tube or reaction chamber may be provided in the reaction tube or reaction chamber.
  • the carrier means may comprise a carrier disposed substantially perpendicular to the direction of extension of the reaction tube or reaction chamber and a support for supporting or securing or suspending the carrier.
  • Fig. 6(b) The structure of one embodiment of the carrying device is shown in Fig. 6(b) (the broken line in the figure indicates that the reaction tube 27 is partially omitted in the longitudinal direction), and a step portion 272 is formed in the reaction tube 27, and the carrying device includes the bearing.
  • the support members 275 of different lengths can be replaced according to the amount of reactants required for the test, and the position of the carrier 274 can be adjusted to adjust the size of the space in which the reactants are filled in the reaction tube 27.
  • the step portion 272 may be formed at a size pipe diameter boundary (as shown in FIG.
  • the step portion 272 may be a reaction tube 27 a protrusion formed on the inner wall (as shown in FIG. 6(d)), for example, a convex ring protruding on the inner wall, or two or more protrusions forming a circle in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the reaction tube 27. Point, it can even be just a bump.
  • the carrier 274 can be a mesh screen, a sand core or any other structure that can be used to carry a catalyst, reactant or other solid material while allowing a fluid (i.e., a gas or liquid) to pass through.
  • the support member 275 may be a length of tube (as shown in FIG. 6(b)), which may be a straight tube or a reduced diameter tube, or even a curved tube; the support member 275 may also be self-supporting member 274 downward.
  • the supporting leg may be vertically extended, or may be spirally extended, or may even be irregularly extended; the supporting member 275 may also be any structure made of a porous material, in short, the supporting member 275 can be any structure that can be placed against step 272 to support carrier 274 while allowing fluid to pass therethrough.
  • Carrier 274 and support 275 may be integral or separate.
  • the carrier may also be suspended from the reaction tube by the support member, wherein the support member may be at least one support leg to support the end of the foot extending radially outwardly to the crossbar that can be stuck near the port ( As shown in Fig. 6(e), where 274(a) is the carrier, 275(a) is the support, 2751(a) is the crossbar), and the hook (as shown in Figure 6(f) and Figure 6(g) 274(b) is a carrier, 275(b) is a support member, and 2751(b) is a hook-shaped annular body (as shown in Fig. 6(h), wherein 274(c) is a carrier.
  • 275 (c) is a support member
  • 2751 (c) is an annular sheet body, and the like.
  • the support can also be tubular.
  • the support member may be provided integrally or separately from the carrier.
  • the size of the support member can also be adjusted to adjust the position of the carrier member to adjust the size of the space in which the reactants are filled in the reaction tube.
  • the carrying device may further include a force receiving portion for receiving a force from outside the reaction tube to take the carrier and/or the support member out of the reaction tube at the end of the reaction.
  • the force receiving portion can be located on the carrier.
  • the reaction tube 27 includes an inlet 280 and an outlet 290, and the side of the carrier 274 adjacent to the outlet 290 of the reaction tube 27 can withstand an external force from the outlet end 290 of the reaction tube 27, for example, The force exerted on it by the stick projecting from the outlet end 290 of the reaction tube 27, so that the carrier 274 can be pulled out together with the support member 275 (when the carrier 274 and the support member 275 are integrally provided), or the carrier member 274 The support member 275 is poured out again (when the carrier 274 and the support member 275 are separated).
  • the force receiving portion can also be located on the support.
  • the force receiving portion may be located at any position on the inner wall thereof, and may receive the direction from the outlet end 290 of the reaction tube 27 along the extending direction of the reaction tube 27.
  • a convex ring of external force (not shown); it may also be a small inner diameter
  • the wall-thick tube may be stuck on the step portion 272 or partially exposed to the range surrounded by the step portion 272 to receive an external force (276 as shown in Fig. 6(c)).
  • the force receiving portion can be located at the intersection of the support and the carrier.
  • the intersection of the support member and the carrier member can receive the force from the outside of the reaction tube, and the support member and the carrier member are pulled out of the reaction tube.
  • the force receiving portion can also be arranged independently of the carrier and the support.
  • the force receiving portion may be a sheet-like stencil or orifice plate (not shown) provided on the other end of the support member 275 with respect to the carrier member 274.
  • the reaction tube 27 may be a reduced diameter tube including a main body tube 270 and a small diameter tube 271 having an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the main body tube.
  • a joint 28 is connected to one end of the main pipe 270 of the reaction pipe 27 for connection with the front end pipe or module of the system, and one end of the small diameter pipe 271 of the reaction pipe 27 is connected with another joint 29 for piping with the rear end of the system. Or the modules are connected.
  • the joint 29 may include a coupling means for mating with a corresponding connecting means in the rear end pipe or module and a sealing means for sealing the joint, such as in the preferred embodiment the connecting means is threaded.
  • Tube 291, the sealing device is a sealed tube 292.
  • the size of the joint 29 can be made smaller than the diameter of the reaction chamber 25 so as to be able to pass through the reaction chamber 25, so that the reaction tube 27 can be easily mounted and disassembled, referring to the drawing. 6(a), the joint 29 of the reaction tube 27 can be passed through the reaction chamber 25 during installation, so that the main tube 270 of the reaction tube 27 enters the reaction chamber 25, and the reaction tube is clamped from both ends by two clamps 277. 27, the reaction tube 27 is fixed; when the clamp 277 is opened, the reaction tube 27 can be easily pulled out.
  • suitable for use in the preparation of the reaction tube 27, the carrier 274, and the support member 275 include a high temperature resistant material, a pressure resistant material, and a material that is not sensitive to chemicals such as acids, bases, or other reactive composites.
  • These materials include metals and alloys thereof including, but not limited to, different grades of steel or stainless steel, quartz, superalloys, engineering plastics, ceramics, composites, polymers, or any combination of the foregoing.
  • the reaction system includes 16 reaction chambers 25.
  • the reaction system of the present invention may include any number of reaction chambers 25.
  • the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 includes only one reaction chamber 25, and the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 to 14 Two reaction chambers 25 are included, the fourth embodiment shown in Figs. 15 to 18 includes three reaction chambers 25, and the fifth embodiment shown in Figs. 19 to 22 includes eight reaction chambers 25.
  • the arrangement of the reaction chambers 25 may be equally spaced from each other as in the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 6, as well as any other form depending on the circumstances.
  • Anti-room 25 It may be arranged in series or in parallel, or any combination of the above.
  • eight reaction chambers 25 may be juxtaposed and then connected in series with another set of eight reaction chambers 25 arranged side by side, as shown in FIG. 23 to 25 show a case in which one, two or three reaction chambers arranged in parallel are connected in series with one, two or three reaction chambers arranged in parallel in another group or groups.
  • the reaction chamber can also be set to any other size or shape, as the case may be.
  • Another form of reaction chamber 25 is parallel to each other and may or may not be parallel to system outer wall 15.
  • all reactors 25 need not be used at the same time, regardless of the settings used in the system.
  • the insulator 65 around the reaction chamber 25
  • heat transfer due to heat conduction or heat convection can be prevented, for example, when the vacuum is the insulator 65, there is almost no convective heat transfer, and The thermal conductivity is extremely low, and heat conduction is also difficult to occur; by providing the outer shield portion 55 or (and) the inner shield portion, heat transfer due to heat radiation can be prevented.
  • each reaction chamber 25 is in the extending direction thereof.
  • the temperature at which it depends mainly depends on the temperature at the temperature control devices 45, 50 and the thermal conductivity of the reaction chamber 25 itself.
  • the temperature at the top 35 of each reaction chamber 25 is the same, the temperature at the bottom portion 40 is also the same, and the reaction chambers 25 have the same structure.
  • the temperatures of the reaction chambers 25 are substantially the same in a plane perpendicular to the direction in which the reaction chamber 25 extends, ensuring that the respective reaction chambers 25 are at the respective positions.
  • the temperatures are substantially the same, thereby ensuring that each reaction chamber 25 has substantially the same reaction conditions in terms of temperature.

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Description

反应 系 统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种实现反应系统, 尤指一种可以实现一个和多个反应的系 统。 背景技术
在材料研究方面, 为确定合适的材料合成反应及材料的各种属性, 通常需 要进行大量的筛选研究。 例如, 要选择适合特定用途的催化剂, 必须对大量的 可能的催化剂进行筛选, 以确定哪种催化剂在特定条件下有最佳的反应速率、 在哪种条件下所述的反应速率最大、以及给定的催化剂促成期望反应与其它不 期望反应的比例。
现有的一种筛选方法是: 对各种可能的催化剂依次进行评估。 首先, 在相 同条件下, 依次评估不同的催化剂。 在给定的条件下, 使用微型反应器或中试 设备先评估一种催化剂。 实验完毕后,移走该催化剂,重复实验下一种催化剂, 直到筛选到合适的催化剂为止。 然后, 可在不同条件下进行重复实验, 评估该 合适的催化剂, 直到发现该合适的催化剂的最佳反应条件为止。 显然, 按照这 种方式进行顺序实验需要耗费大量的时间、 人力和物力。
为解决上述问题, 现有技术提供了一种方法: 在多个反应器中平行地进行 多个反应。 通过这种方法, 大量的反应能够同步地进行合成、 筛选及评估, 有 利于提高效率。 然而, 要使评估结果正确有效, 该多个反应器中的反应条件必 须基本一致。 反应温度是非常重要的反应条件。
控制温度的方法有多种。 现有的一种方法是: 分別独立地控制各反应器。 然而,这种方法的缺点是建造、监控及控制各个独立反应器的费用过高。 另夕卜, 对于温度较敏感的反应, 不同反应器之间只要有微小的差异, 就可能导致反应 结果出现偏差。 因此, 这种方法不能适用于对温度敏感的反应。
为了保证多个反应器之间的温度基本一致, 现有技术中已有人尝试用单块 金属板或类似的导热材料来制造多个反应器。 这样, 通过加热或冷却, 当整块 金属板的温度达到平衡时, 各个反应器的温度就可以均匀一致, 从而可以整体 地控制多个反应器的温度。然而,利用单块金属板制成的多个反应器成本很高, 且最终形成的设备的重量很大。 另外, 对于大重量的单块金属板, 温度达到平 衡所需时间较长, 导致实验时间过长, 不利于提高效率。 因此, 随着各个反应 确 认 本 器尺寸的增加以及单块金属板重量的相应增加,这种利用单块金属板制成的多 个反应器越来越难以实施。 除此之外, 加热、 冷却单块金属板也可能需要更多 能量。 另外, 由于热可能会在传导、 对流或辐射中流失, 加热或冷却过程中的 温度难以精确控制。
因此, 有必要提供一种能够精确控制多个反应器之间的温度、 确保温度均 一并尽可能减少反应器之间的热量损失、 增加或波动的系统。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种反应系统, 其达到平衡所需能量和时间较少。 本发明的另一目的在于提供一种反应系统, 其可确保各反应室的温度均匀 分布。
本发明的再一目的在于提供一种反应系统, 其可減少反应室之间的热量损 失、 增加或波动。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种总重量较小的反应系统。
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供了一种反应系统, 该系统包括反应室、 与所 述反应室热连接的温度控制装置、与所述反应室热连接的绝缘体以及热辐射屏 蔽部, 所述绝缘体包括真空环境。
相较于现有技术, 本发明反应系统由于具有热辐射屏蔽部和具有真空环境 的绝缘体,从而具有达到平衡所需能量和时间较少、确保反应室温度均匀分布、 可减少反应室之间的热量损失、 增加或波动以及重量轻的优点。
上述系统中, 温度控制装置包括分别与反应室的一侧以及另一侧热连接的 第一温度控制元件; 上述系统可以进一步包括温度传感器; 系统中的多个反应 室可以是平行设置的, 而且多个反应室彼此之间的距离基本相等且与系统壳体 的距离基本相等; 系统还可进一步包括一个开口, 用于选择性地用流体取代真 空环境, 以迅速改变该系统的温度。
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供了一种反应系统, 该反应系统包括至少一个 反应室、分别与所述至少一个反应室的两侧热连接的温度控制元件以及与所述 至少一个反应室热连接的绝缘体。
相较于现有技术, 本发明反应系统具有与所述至少一个反应室的两侧热连 接的温度控制元件以及绝缘体, 从而具有达到平衡所需能量和时间较少、 确保 反应室温度均匀分布、 可减少反应室之间的热量损失、 增加或波动以及重量轻 的优点。 上述反应系统还可进一步包括一个热辐射屏蔽部和(或)温度传感器; 绝 缘体包括真空环境; 与所述反应室的两侧热连接的温度控制元件可以是相同的 温度控制元件。 同样, 上述系统还可进一步包括一个开口, 用于选择性地用流 体取代真空环境, 以迅速加热或冷却该系统。
为实现上述目的, 本发明还提供了另一种反庶系统, 该系统包括多个按阵 列式排列的上述反应系统。
下面, 结合附图, 利用具体实施方式来详细地说明本发明; 但这些具体实 施方式不构成对本发明保护范围的任何限制。 附图说明
图 1是本发明反应系统的立体示意图;
图 2是图 1所示系统的顶部示意图;
图 3是图 1所示系统的底部示意图;
图 4是沿图 3所示的 I- 1线剖开的剖视图;
图 5是图 1所示系统的侧视图;
图 6是沿图 5所示的 ΙΙ-Π线剖开的剖视图, 其中为清楚起见, 去掉了该系 统的壳体;
图 6(a)是包含反应管的本发明反应系统的剖视图;
图 6(b)是反应管及承载装置的结构图,图中反应管在长度方向部分被省略; 图 6(c)是反应管及承载装置的另一结构图, 图中反应管在长度方向部分被 省略;
图 6(d)是反应管及承载装置的的又一结构的示意图;
图 6(e)至图 6(h)是悬挂式的承载装置的示意图;
图 7是本发明第二实施方式的侧视图
图 8是本发明第二实施方式的透视图
图 9是本发明第二实施方式的俯视图
图 10是沿图 9所示的 ΠΙ-ΙΠ线剖开的剖视图;
图 11是本发明第三实施方式的侧视图
图 12是本发明第三实施方式的透视图
图 13是本发明第三实施方式的俯视图
图 14是沿图 13所示的 IV- IV线剖开的剖视图
图 15是本发明第四实施方式的侧视图; 图 16是本发明第四实施方式的透视图;
图 17是本发明第四实施方式的俯视图;
图 18是沿图 17所示的 V-V线剖开的剖面图;
图 19是本发明第五实施方式的侧枧图;
图 20是本发明第五实施方式的透视图;
图 21是本发明第五实施方式的俯视图;
图 22是沿图 21所示的 VI-VI线剖开的剖面图;
图 23是三个图 7至图 10所示系统的串联示意图;
图 24是三个图 11至图 14所示系统的串联示意图;
图 25 是三个图 15至图 18所示系统的串联示意图;
图 26是三个图 19至图 22所示系统的串联示意图。 具体实旅方式
参照图 1至图 6, 本发明第一实施方式的反应系统, 用于实现多个反应。 该反应系统包括圆柱状壳体 20, 该壳体 20包括顶板 5、 底板 10以及圆柱状表 面的外壁 15。
本发明反应系统包括若干反应室 25 , 在本实施例中, 包括 16个反应室 25。 反 室 25是圓柱体状的中空容器, 用来收容催化剂、 反应物或其它材料。 反应室 25包括顶部 35和底部 40,其中顶部 35设置在壳体 20的顶板 5处,底 部 40设置在底板 10处。 顶部 35及底部 40可以通过悍接、 啮合或者其他接合 方式分别与顶板 5和底板 10固定连接,还可以直接与顶板 5和底板 10—体设 置, 省去上述连接步骤。 各反应室 25与壳体 20的中轴 30平行, 并且在壳体 20内呈圆形排布,使得每个反应室 25与相邻的反应室 25的距离相等、与壳体 20的中轴 30距离相等、 以及 /或者与壳体 20的外壁 15的距离相等。
参照图 2至图 4, 该反应系统包括温度控制装置。 该温度控制装置包括温 度监控单元(未图示)和一对第一温度控制元件 45、 50, 用于控制所有反应室 25的温度。 其中温度监控单元用于调控第一温度控制元件 45、 50的温度。 第 一温度控制元件 45安装在顶板 5上, 从而与各反应室 25的顶部 35热连接, 而另一第一温度控制元件 50安装在底板 10上, 从而与各反应室 25的底部 40 热连接。 即: 第一温度控制元件 45、 50分別与反应室 25的两端热连接, 通过 加热或冷却顶板 5和底板 10, 就可以从顶部 35和底部 40加热或冷却各反 应室 25, 当各反应室 25的温度基本相同或温度梯度基本相同时, 该反应 系统的温度达到平衡状态。 当各反应室 25的顶部 35与底部 40的温度基 本相同时, 各反应室 25的温度基本一致; 当各反应室 25的顶部 35与底 部 40的温度不相同时, 各反应室 25的温度梯度基本相同。 本发明反应系 统可以分别在顶板 5和底板 10上设置多对第一温度控制元件, 例如在顶板 5 和底板 10的凹槽 501、 101处再设置一对第一温度控制元件, 与第一温度控制 元件 45、 50配合使用, 达到更好的温度控制效果。
另外, 本发明反应系统还可以在温度控制元件和反应室之间设置热緩冲元 件。比如,如图 6(a)所示的反应系统中,在其中一对第一温度控制元件 45b (或 50b )和反应室 25之间设置有热緩冲元件 47 (或 52 ), 使得该第一温度控制元 件 45b (或 50b )和反应室 25之间通过热緩冲元件 47 (或 52 )进行热连接, 起到热緩冲的作用, 提高反应系统在较低的温度下, 比如 500°C以下使用时的 使用性能, 减少各反应室 25之间的温差。 热緩冲元件 47 (或 52 )用热传导性 能良好的材料, 比如金属铜来制成。
在本实施方式中, 第一温度控制元件 45、 50是分别与顶板 5和底板 10热 连接的单个温度控制元件, 这样, 通过加热或冷却顶板 5和底板 10, 即可使各 反应室 25的温度同时发生变化(变热或变冷), 从而可以各反应室 25在相同 的温度下进行多个相同或不同的反应。 当然, 温度控制装置还可以设置成其它 形式,例如设置成为多个分开的温度控制元件 45、 50,分别与一个或多个反应 室 25的顶部 35、底部 40热连接。温度监控单元可根据实际要求,单独或者整 体地调控各温度控制元件 45、 50的温度, 使某个、 某些或者所有的反应室 25 的温度发生变化。 这里使用的温度控制元件 45、 50可以包括, 但不限于, 一 个或多个温度控制元件、加热元件、冷却元件或任何可以使与其热连接的物体 发生温度变化的元件, 例如: 自动温度控制器、 人工温度控制器、 加热器和致 冷装置。
参照图 4,反应系统还可进一步包括一个或多个第二温度控制元件 80、 85 , 第二温度控制元件 80、 85可分别安装在顶板 5和(或)底板 10上, 还可以安 装在整个系统的其它位置,例如外壁 15、反应室 25等。第二温度控制元件 80、 85也可以包括开口 90、 95、 100、 105, 其可以是任何使流体进入或排出第二 温度控制元件 80、 85的元件, 如阀或管等。 通过开口 90、 95、 100以及 105, 向第二温度控制元件 80、 85充入流体, 可以迅速改变本发明反应系统的温度。 开口 90、 95、 100、 105可以选择性控制经过第二温度控制元件 80、 85内的流 体流动。 第二温度控制元件 80、 85可通过一个槽道体系向顶板 5或底板 10分 配流体, 从而使顶板 5或底板 10被迅速加热或冷却。
在本实施例中, 顶板 5、 底板 10、 外壁 15、 顶部 35、 底部 40, 以及一个 或多个反应室 25由传导性能好的材料制成。
本发明反应系统可以整体地放到一个外壳中, 该外壳可以具有温度控制作 用, 使系统的外壁 15、 顶板 5和底板 10被加热或冷却至预期的温度。 该外壳 可以具有保温作用, 以減少反应系统与外界的热交换。
本发明反应系统进一步包括若干个元件, 用于防止因传导、 对流或辐射引 起的不必要的热损失或热增加, 确保本发明反应系统的热稳定。 本实施例中, 反应系统采用如图 4所示的圆筒状的外屏蔽部 55, 将来自反应室 25的辐射, 反射回反应室 25,或者将来自外界的辐射发射出去,从而阻止与外界的热交换。 外屏蔽部 55可以与外壁 15平行、 安置在反应室 25的外部, 也可以直接设置 在外壁 15上。本发明反应系统还可以进一步包括若干个外屏蔽部 55或者其他 具有外屏蔽部 55功能的元件,从而最大程度上确保本发明反应系统的热稳定。
进一步的, 本发明反应系统还可以使用一个内屏蔽部 (未图示), 该内屏 蔽部安置在反应室 25内, 用来防止反应室 25的辐射进入壳体 20的内部。
外屏蔽部 55或内屏蔽部的表面均可以喷涂能够防止或减少辐射的材料, 如反射材料或反射绝缘材料, 或者由能够防止或减少辐射的材料制成。 反射材 料包括辐射屏障或反射绝缘层。 辐射屏障是单张的反射材料。 反射绝缘层是反 射片和绝缘体共同构成的绝缘系统。 因此, 反射绝缘层包括若干层的绝缘体及 反射片。 反射材料可以包括但不限于, 反射箔、 不镑钢、 高温金属合金以及现 有技术中已知的、可以有光滑的表面且对红外线或可见光具反射性的其它金属 或非金属材料。
请参照图 4和图 6所示, 本反应系统还包括设置在反应室 25和外壁 15和 (或)壳体 20之间的绝缘体 65, 用于进一步减少热损失或热增加。 绝缘体 65 包围各反应室 25, 以阻止从或向反应室 25发生的热损失或热增加。 绝缘体 65 可以因系统不同的需要而有所不同。例如,该绝缘体可包括一个空腔(未图示), 该空腔可以是大致真空的、 充有空气的或装有其它绝缘材料的腔。 绝缘材料包 括但不限于泡沫、 聚氨酯泡沫、 珍珠岩、 纤维玻璃和特氟纶。 当然, 绝缘体 65 可以设置多个隔开的上述空腔或绝缘体, 其中, 每个腔可以是一个真空室, 也 可以充塞空气或装有其它绝缘材料。此处所指的真空室包括半真空室以及压力 为 10_4〜10— 6磅 /平方英寸 (psi)之间或压力为 10-6~10-1Q psi之间的室。
外屏蔽部 55可与绝缘体 65配合使用, 外屏蔽部 55置于装有绝缘体 65的 腔内。 进一步地, 若千个内屏蔽部和(或)外屏蔽部 55可与或不与含有若干 个腔的绝缘体 65配合使用, 以減少本发明反应系统的热损失或热增加。 外屏 蔽部 55上可以设置若干个通孔 550, 从而连通外屏蔽部 55内外两侧的绝缘体 65。
可选的, 本反应系统可以包括一个或多个导引部, 用于将反应物、 催化剂 或其它材料装入反应室 25或将其从反应室 25中卸除。所述导引部可以是任何 形式, 例如导引管、 导引槽或者导引口, 只要它基本上不会给本实施方式的其 它保热措施造成妨碍、或系统可以在引入或卸除导引部之后能够迅速回复到平 衡状态即可。 此外, 通过提供温度适当的导引部, 如通过预加热或预冷却该导 引部, 这种导引部可以用来改变系统的温度。 导引部可以位于各反应室 25的 顶部 35和(或)底部 40, 可以是各反应室 25的单个或多个的给料导引部, 还 可以是其它任意形式。 而且, 上述导引部可以包括材料引入反应室 25之前预 加热或预冷却材料的预加热器或预冷却器。 通过^ ί吏用这样的导引部, 可以将系 统设置成为批量式或连续式流程, 或其任意組合, 如半批量式或半连续式。
参照图 1和图 4, 可选地, 本实施方式可包括一个可以选择性开启或关闭 的绝缘体开口 75, 其中, 绝缘体开口 75与绝缘体 65连接。 当绝缘体 65是真 空时, 该绝缘体开口 75可用来形成真空; 当绝缘体 65是另一种材料时, 该绝 缘体开口 75可用来添加或从系统中移去该材料。 在另一个实施方式中, 绝缘 体开口 75可用作第三温度控制元件, 使绝缘体 65中的材料可以进行更换。 例 如, 当绝缘体是真空时, 绝缘体开口 75可用来释放真空和 (或) 向绝缘腔充 入流体。 再一种实施方式是设置第二绝缘体开口 (未图示), 这样, 第一绝缘 体开口 75使绝缘体 65中形成真空, 而第二绝缘体开口开启时, 可将流体引入 系统中。 当绝缘体 65 包括多个隔开的空腔时, 本发明反应系统可以设置多个 绝缘体开口, 用以选择性地使各空腔形成真空或者引入流体。
参照图 4, 可选地, 该系统可包括一个温度传感器 70。 温度传感器 70可 用来感应一个或多个反应室 25 中特定位置的温度或其表面的温度。 可选地, 温度传感器 70可放置在反应发生区中,也可以放置在靠近反应发生区的位置, 从而可以监测反应的温度。
图 1至图 6中, 圆柱状壳体 20可以方便地使各反应室 25与其相邻的反应 室 25的距离相等。 然而, 在特定情况下, 壳体 20可采用其它适当的设置。 例 如, 系统的壳体 20可以是任何立体状, 如多面体、 立方体, 盒状或球状, 或者 其它任意圆柱状。 适合用于制成反应室 25或其它部件的材料包括抗高温材料、 抗压材料以 及不会对化学品如酸、 碱或其它反应性复合物敏感的材料。 这些材料包括金属 及其合金, 包括但不限于, 不同等级的钢或不錄钢、 超合金、 工程塑料、 陶瓷、 复合材料、 聚合物或上述的任意组合。
本实施方式采用的温度范围包括从环境温度至 600°C左右、 从环境温度至 800Ό左右、 从环境温度至 1000°C左右、 从环境温度至 1200Ό左右、 从环境温 度至 1400°C左右。 此外, 可以理解, 根据具体情况, 本实施方式可适用于从低 于环境温度艮多到高于环境温度很多的温度范围。
本实施方式所述设置的优点包括能够减少加热系统至到达平衡时所需的 能量, 减少系统到达平衡或冷却所需的时间, 使温度在整个系统, 特别是反应 室中的更为均匀地分布, 以及减少整个系统的总重。
由于不管是传导、对流还是輜射引起的热传递的速率都取决于高温区域与 低温区域之间的温度差, 本发明提供了另一实施方式来减小这样的温差, 从而 減少热传递速率 (热损失或热增加)。
因传导引起的热传递速率与温度的关系可用下述公式表示:
其中,
q代表每单位时间内传递的热;
k代表屏障层的热导率;
A代表面积;
( Thot - Tcoid ) 代表温差;
d代表厚度。
因对流引起的热传递速率与温度的关系可用下述公式表示:
( 2 ) q=KA (T,wt - Tcold)
其中,
q代表每单位时间传递的热;
K代表该过程中对流的热传递系数;
A代表热传递的表面面积;
(Thot - Tcold )代表温至。
因辐射引起的热传递速率与温度的关系可用下述公式表示: ( 3 ) P=eaA(T4 rad - T 4 C0ld)
其中,
P代表辐射功率;
e代表辐射率;
σ代表斯蒂芬常量;
Α代表辐射面积;
7 ^代表辐射温度;
rcw代表周围环境的温度。 '
在另一种实施例中, 在图 1至图 6所示的系统的外壁 15设置了第四温度 控制元件(未图示), 用于减小外壁 15与反应室 25之间的温差。 温差缩小后, 传导、 对流或辐射产生的热传递的驱动力缩小, 从而使系统的热损失或热增加 率减小。 可选地, 可以在壳体 20的外壁 15与第四温度控制元件之间塞入第二 绝缘体, 以进一步减少热损失或热增加。 绝缘体可以是任何绝热材料、 真空或 其组合。
在本发明反应系统中, 催化剂、 反应物或其它材料可以直接装填于反应室 25, 也可以增加一个反应管, 先将催化剂、 反应物或其它材料装填到反应管, 再将该反应管组装到反应室 25 中。 增加了反应管后, 反应系统前端或后端的 管路可以通过卡套或接头与反应管连接, 比直接与反应室 25连接更加方便, 连接也更加可靠; 再者, 反应管的使用可以使得研究人员仅需更换不同的反应 管就可以满足不同的试验要求, 而不必更换反应室 25及反应系统, 应用更加 灵活; 最后, 反应管的使用也可以方便催化剂等物质的装填和清理。
反应管或反应室内可以设置一个用来承载装填到该反应管或反应室内的 催化剂、 反应物或其它材料的承载装置。 所述承载装置可以包括在大致垂直于 反应管或反应室延伸方向设置的承载件和用来支撑或固定或悬挂该承载件的 支撑件。
由于承载装置设置在反应管或反应室内的情况大致相同, 以下仅对设置于 反应管内的情况进行说明。
承载装置的一个实施方式的结构如图 6(b) (图中虛线断开部分表示反应管 27在长度方向上部分省略)所示, 反应管 27内形成一个台阶部 272, 承载装置 包括承载件 274和抵靠在台阶部 272上用来支撑承载件 274的支撑件 275。 这 样的结构设计, 可以根据试验要求的反应物量的不同, 更换不同长度的支撑件 275,调节承载件 274的位置,从而调节反应管 27内装填反应物的空间的大小。 其中,若反应管 27是变径管, 台阶部 272可以形成于大小管径分界处(如 图 6(b)所示), 若反应管 27不是变径管, 台阶部 272可以是反应管 27内壁上 形成的突出部 (如图 6(d)所示), 比如, 内壁上突出的一个凸环, 或者在垂直 于反应管 27延伸方向的方向上围成一圈的两个或多个突点, 甚至可以只是一 个突点。
其中, 承载件 274可以是网筛, 砂芯或者任何其他可以用来承载催化剂、 反应物或其它固体材料同时又让流体(即气体或液体)通过的结构。支撑件 275 可以是一段管 (如图 6(b)所示), 该管可以是直管, 也可以是变径管, 甚至可 以是弯管; 支撑件 275也可以是自承载件 274向下延伸的至少一根支撑脚, 该 支撑脚可以是竖直延伸, 也可以是螺旋延伸, 甚至可以是不规则延伸; 支撑件 275也可以是由有孔材料制成的任意结构, 总之, 支撑件 275可以是任何可以 抵靠在台阶部 272上用来支撑住承载件 274, 同时又能让流体通过的结构。 承 载件 274和支撑件 275可以是一体的, 也可以是分离设置的。
在另一实施方式中, 承载件也可以由支撑件悬挂于反应管, 其中, 支撑件 可以是至少一根支撑脚,以支撑脚一端径向向外延伸出可以卡在端口附近的横 杆 (如图 6(e)所示, 其中 274(a)为承载件, 275(a)为支撑件, 2751(a)为横杆)、 挂钩(如图 6(f) 和图 6(g)所示,其中 274(b)为承载件, 275(b)为支撑件, 2751(b) 为挂钩) 者环状片体(如图 6(h) 所示, 其中 274(c)为承载件, 275(c)为支撑 件, 2751(c)为环状片体)等。 支撑件也可以是管状。 支撑件可以与承载件一体 或分离设置。 这样, 也可以调节支撑件的尺寸来调节承载件的位置, 从而调节 反应管内装填反应物的空间的大小。
在上述两种实施方式中, 承载装置还可以包括受力部, 用来承受来自反应 管外的力, 以便反应结束时将承载件和 (或) 支撑件从反应管取出。
受力部可以位于承载件上。 比如, 如图 6(b)中所示, 反应管 27 包括入口 280和出口 290, 承载件 274的临近反应管 27出口 290的一面, 就可以承受来 自反应管 27出口端 290的外力, 比如, 从反应管 27出口端 290伸入的棍棒对 它施加的推力, 这样, 就可以将承载件 274连同支撑件 275捅出 (承载件 274 和支撑件 275—体设置时),或者将承载件 274捅出,再将支撑件 275倒出(承 载件 274和支撑件 275分离设置时)。
受力部也可以位于支撑件上。 比如, 如图 6(b)中所示, 若支撑件 275为直 管, 受力部可以是位于其内壁上任何位置的, 可以接受来自反应管 27 出口端 290的沿反应管 27延伸方向的外力的凸环 (未图示); 也可以是一段内径小而 壁厚的管, 它可以卡在台阶部 272上, 又可以部分暴露于台阶部 272所包围的 范围内, 接受外力 (如图 6(c)所示的 276 )。
特别地,受力部可以位于支撑件与承载件的交接处。比如,图 6(e)至图 6(h) 所示的悬挂式承载装置中, 支撑件与承载件的交接处可以接受来自反应管外的 力, 将支撑件和承载件拉出反应管。
受力部还可以独立于承载件和支撑件设置。 比如, 在图 6(b)中所示的承载 装置中,受力部可以是设置于支撑件 275的相对于承载件 274的另一端的一个 片状网板或孔板(未图示)。
另外, 如图 6(b)所示, 在较佳实施方式中, 反应管 27可以是变径管, 其 包括主体管 270和外径比主体管的外径小的一段小径管 271。在反应管 27的主 体管 270的一端连接一个接头 28用来与系统前端管路或模块相接, 在反应管 27的小径管 271的一端连 %另一个接头 29用来与系统后端管路或模块相接。 其中, 接头 29可以包括一个用来与后端管路或模块中对应的连接装置配合的 连接装置和一个用来对连接处进行密封的密封装置, 比如在本较佳实施方式中 连接装置为螺纹管 291, 密封装置为密封管 292。
由于小径管 271端的接头 29较小,可以使得接头 29的尺寸小于反应室 25 的孔径, 以便可以从反应室 25内通过, 这样, 就可以很方便地对反应管 27进 行安装和拆卸, 参照图 6(a), 安装时可以将反应管 27的接头 29从反应室 25 内穿过, 使得反应管 27的主体管 270进入反应室 25, 再通过两个卡箍 277从 两端夹持反应管 27, 将反应管 27就固定好; 拆卸时, 打开卡箍 277后, 也可 以很容易地将反应管 27拔出。
其中,适合用于制成反应管 27、承载件 274、 支撑件 275包括抗高温材料、 抗压材料以及不会对化学品如酸、碱或其它反应性复合物敏感的材料。 这些材 料包括金属及其合金, 包括但不限于, 不同等級的钢或不锈钢、石英、超合金、 工程塑料、 陶瓷、 复合材料、 聚合物或上述的任意組合。
本实施例中, 反应系统包括 16个反应室 25。 当然, 本发明反应系统可以 包括任意数量的反应室 25, 例如, 图 7至图 10所示的第二实施例中只包括一 个反应室 25 , 图 11至图 14所示的第三实施例中包括两个反应室 25, 图 15至 图 18所示的第四实施例中包括三个反应室 25, 而图 19至图 22所示的第五实 施例中包括八个反应室 25。
在上述这些实施方式中, 反应室 25的排配可以如上图 1至图 6所示实施 方式一样, 彼此等距, 也可以根据具体情况, 设置成任何其它形式。 反 室 25 可以串联或并列设置, 或者上述的任意组合, 例如, 可将八个反应室 25并列 设置, 然后与另一组并列设置的八个反应室 25相串接, 如图 26所示。 图 23 至图 25中分别示出了并列设置的 1个、 2个或 3个反应室与另外一组或几组的 并列设置的 1个、 2个或 3个反应室相串接的情形。 视具体情况, 反应室还可 以设置成其它任意的大小或形状。 反应室 25 的另一种形式是彼此平行, 可以 与或不与系统外壁 15平行。
显然, 不管系统采用什么样的设置, 都不需要所有反应室 25同时使用。 如上述这些实施方式中所述, 通过在反应室 25周围设置绝缘体 65 , 可以 防止因热传导或热对流产生的热传递, 比如, 以真空为绝缘体 65时, 几乎不 存在对流传热, 而且由于真空的导热系数极低, 也很难发生热传导; 通过设置 外屏蔽部 55或 (和) 内屏蔽部, 可以防止因热辐射产生的热传递。
所以本发明系统中, 热传递的三种方式, 即传导、 对流或辐射都得到了极 大程度的阻止。 因此, 减少了系统与外界的热交换, 确保了系统的热稳定性, 防止反应温度随时间变化; 再者, 由于基本消除了外界对系统温度的影响, 各 反应室 25在其延伸方向上各处的温度主要取决于温度控制装置 45、 50处的温 度和反应室 25本身的导热性, 在各反应室 25的顶部 35的温度相同, 底部 40 的温度也相同, 各反应室 25结构相同, 制成各反应室 25的材料一样, 其导热 系数相同的情况下, 在垂直于反应室 25延伸方向的平面上, 各反应室 25的温 度大致相同, 确保了各反应室 25在相应位置处的温度大致相同, 从而在温度 方面确保各反应室 25具有大致相同的反应条件。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种反应系统, 用于实现多个反应, 该系统包括: 若干反应室、 与所 述反应室热连接的温度控制装置以及与所述反应室热连接的绝缘体,其特征在 于: 该反应系统还包括热辐射屏蔽部, 所述绝缘体包括真空环境。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述反应系统包括壳体。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述绝缘体设置在所述 壳体和所述反应室之间。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述真空环境至少部分 地形成于所述壳体和所述反应室之间。
5、 如权利要求 1、 2、 3或 4所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述温度控 制装置包括分别与所述反应室的两侧热连接的第一温度控制元件。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述第一温度控制元件 与所有的反应室热连接。
7、 如权利要求 5所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述第一温度控制元件 分别与各反应室热连接。
8、 如权利要求 5 所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述温度控制装置包括 与壳体热连接的第二温度控制元件, 其中第二温度控制元件内可以充入流体。
9、 如权利要求 5所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述反应室是平行设置 的。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述反应室之间的距离 基本相等且与所述壳体的外壁之间的距离基本相等。
11、 如权利要求 1、 2、 3或 4所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述温度控 制装置包括一个用于选择性地用流体取代真空环境从而迅速改变所述系统温 度的开口。
12、 如权利要求 1、 2、 3或 4所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述系统进 一步包括与反应室热连接的温度传感器。
13、 如权利要求 1、 2、 3或 4所迷的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述热辐射 屏蔽部设置在绝缘体内。
14、 如权利要求 1、 2、 3或 4所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述热辐射 屏蔽部设置在反应室内。
15、 如权利要求 1、 2、 3或 4所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述热辐射 屏蔽部设置在壳体上。
16、 如权利要求 1、 2、 3或 4所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述系统收 容在一个具有温度控制和保温作用中的至少一种作用的外壳内。
17、 如权利要求 1所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述系统进一步包括可 拆卸地组装于所述反应室的反应管。
18、 一种反应系统包括: 至少一个反应室, 其特征在于: 该系统还包括: 分别与所述至少一个反应室的两侧热连接的温度控制元件以及与所述至少一 个反应室热连接的绝缘体。
19、 如权利要求 18所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述绝缘体包括真空环境。
20、 如权利要求 19所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述系统包括壳体。
21、 如权利要求 20所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述真空环境至少部分地 形成于所述壳体和所述至少一个反应室之间。
22、 如权利要求 21 所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述系统进一步包括用于 选择性地用流体取代真空环境从而迅速加热或冷却所述系统的开口。
23、 如权利要求 18、 19、 20、 21或 22所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述系 统进一步包括热辐射屏蔽部。
24、 如权利要求 23 所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述热辐射屏蔽部设置在 绝缘体内。
25、 如权利要求 23 所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述热辐射屏蔽部设置在 至少一个反应室内。
26、 如权利要求 23 所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述热辐射屏蔽部设置在 壳体上。
27、 如权利要求 18、 19、 20、 21或 22所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述分 別与所述至少一个反应室的两侧热连接的温度控制器是相同的温度控制元件。
28、 如权利要求 18、 19、 20、 21或 22所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述系 统进一步包括一个温度传感器。
29、 一种反应系统, 用于实现多个反应, 该系统包括:
多个如权利要求 18所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述的多个系统是按阵列 式排列的。
30、 如权利要求 29所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述的多个系统是平 行设置的。
31、 如权利要求 30所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述的多个系统是串 联设置的。
32、 如权利要求 29、 30或 31所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述多个系 统的反应室彼此之间的距离基本相等。
33、 如权利要求 18所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述系统进一步包括 可拆卸地组装于所述反应室的反应管。
34、 一种用于实现多个反应的系统, 该系统包括: 一种实现多个反应的手 段、一种用于容纳所述实现多个反应的手段的手段以及一种控制系统温度的手 段, 其特征在于: 该系统还包括对所述系统进行绝缘的手段。
35、 如权利要求 34所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述系统进一步包括形成 真空环境的手段。
36、 如权利要求 34所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述系统进一步包括一种 用于选择性地用流体取代所述真空环境从而迅速地改变所述系统的温度的手 段。
37、 如权利要求 34、 35或 36所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述控制系统温 度的手段包括一种在所述实现多个反应的手段的一侧控制温度的手段和一种 在所述实现多个反应的手段的另一侧控制温度的手段。
38、 如权利要求 37所述的系统, 其特征在于: 在所述实现多个反应的手 段的一侧控制温度的手段和在所述实现多个反应的手段的另一侧控制温度的 手段是相同的。
39、 如权利要求 38所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述系统进一步包括一种 屏蔽热辐射进入或离开所述系统的手段。
40、 如权利要求 39所述的系统, 其特征在于: 所述系统整体地收容于具 有温度控制功能的手段内。
41、 一种反应系统, 用于实现多个反应, 该反应系统包括: 壳体、 若干个 反应室以及与所述反应室热连接的绝缘体, 其特征在于: 所述绝缘体包括真空 环境,所述反应系统还包括:与所述反应室一侧热连接的至少一个温度控制器、 与所述反应室另一侧热连接的至少一个温度控制器、用于减少所述反应室中热 损失或热增加的热辐射屏蔽板。
42、 如权利要求 41所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述若干个反 室是 平行设置的。
43、 如权利要求 41所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述反应室彼此之间 的距离基本相等且与所述壳体之间的距离基本相等。
.
44、 如权利要求 43所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述系统进一步包括 温度传感器。
45、 如权利要求 44所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述反应系统进一步 包括一个用于选择性地用流体取代真空环境从而迅速改变所述系统温度的开 π。
46、 如权利要求 41至 45中任意一项所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述 温度控制元件与所有的反应室热连接。
47、 如权利要求 41至 45中任意一项所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述 温度控制元件分别与各反应室热连接。
48、 如权利要求 41所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述系统进一步包括 可拆卸地组装于所述反应室的反应管。
49、 如权利要求 1、 17、 18、 29、 33、 41或 48所述的反应系统, 其特征 在于: 所述系统还包括^载装置, 该承载装置包括承载件和用来支撑或固定或 悬挂所述承载件于所述反应管或反应室内的支撑件。
50、 如权利要求 49所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述反应管或反应室 内设有台阶部, 所述支撑件抵靠于所述台阶部。
51、 如权利要求 49所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述承载件由所述支 撑件悬挂于所述反应管或反应室。
52、 如权利要求 49所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述承载装置还包括 一个可以接受将承载件和(或)支撑件推出或拉出所述反应管或反应室的力的 受力部。 '
53、 如权利要求 52所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所述受力部设置于所 述承载件或所述支撑件上或所述承载件和所述支撑件交接处,或者独立于所述 承载件和所述支撑件设置。
54、 如权利要求 17、 33或 48所述的反应系统, 其特征在于: 所迷反应管 包括主体管和外径比主体管的外径小的小径管。
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