WO2007030982A1 - Agent d'extinction de feu sol-gel aqueux a (hydr)oxyde fortement actif et son application - Google Patents

Agent d'extinction de feu sol-gel aqueux a (hydr)oxyde fortement actif et son application Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007030982A1
WO2007030982A1 PCT/CN2005/002418 CN2005002418W WO2007030982A1 WO 2007030982 A1 WO2007030982 A1 WO 2007030982A1 CN 2005002418 W CN2005002418 W CN 2005002418W WO 2007030982 A1 WO2007030982 A1 WO 2007030982A1
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fire extinguishing
extinguishing agent
oxide
sol
hydrogen
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PCT/CN2005/002418
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Chien-Kuo Huang
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Onid Technology (Shanghai) Corporation
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Publication of WO2007030982A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007030982A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62DCHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0028Liquid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/0035Aqueous solutions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62DCHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0064Gels; Film-forming compositions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62DCHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0071Foams

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of fire protection, and relates to a fire extinguishing agent and an application thereof, in particular to a water-soluble (hydrogen) oxide aqueous sol gel fire extinguishing agent and application thereof.
  • Background technique a water-soluble (hydrogen) oxide aqueous sol gel fire extinguishing agent and application thereof.
  • Common fire extinguishing agents are generally water fire extinguishing agents, foam fire extinguishing agents, dry powder fire extinguishing agents, aerosol fire extinguishing agents, water mist fire extinguishing agents, etc., and each category can be subdivided into multiple items.
  • the principle is to isolate the combustion improver, reduce the burning point, and cut off the combustion chain (inhibition of the combustion chain).
  • foam extinguishing agents dry powder fire extinguishing agents, etc. are mainly used in simple fire extinguishers such as public places, laboratories, factories, etc., so as to quickly extinguish the fire source in the early stage of the fire to prevent further expansion of the fire.
  • simple fire extinguishers such as public places, laboratories, factories, etc.
  • water mist fire protection systems and Halons fire protection systems are generally used for fire fighting.
  • Other fire extinguishing agents are often highly toxic and even highly toxic.
  • Water fire fighting is an ancient and widely used natural fire extinguishing agent that is easy to access and store and has always played an important role in the fire protection field.
  • water fire extinguishing has obvious defects compared with other fire extinguishing agents.
  • water does not have a rapid fire extinguishing effect on flammable organic liquids and gases;
  • a new type of fire extinguishing agent patent such as a polymer water-based water-absorbent resin fire extinguishing agent has been developed, such as CN200410015909.0.
  • CN200410015909.0 a new type of fire extinguishing agent patent
  • water has great limitations on some fires. Sex, and sometimes even play a role in fueling the situation.
  • the fire extinguishing agent which is invented by Halon Company to cut off the combustion chain has entered people's field of vision, and has rapidly become an important weapon and a powerful weapon in the field of fire protection, and is widely used in various fields.
  • fire-fighting systems must also meet the needs of environmental protection.
  • the function of ozone can not only filter out the intense solar radiant heat that destroys the earth's movements and plant life, but also regulate the earth's temperature.
  • halon fire extinguishing agents there are three improvements in the preparation of halon fire extinguishing agents: First, the addition of catalysts, such as CN1097347A, CN90106745.8, to decompose halogenated hydrocarbons in halon fire extinguishing agents into substances that do not affect the ozone layer, but currently Such catalysts have not been seen in the field of fire protection.
  • the second is to abandon the halon fire extinguishing agent and take a reasonable mechanism to cut off the combustion chain.
  • the new type of "clean gas” replaces the halon halogenated hydrocarbon gas, such as the inert gas in the air, the fluoroiodocarbon system.
  • the third is to abandon the halon fire extinguishing system and develop new fire extinguishing systems, such as water mist systems and aerosol systems.
  • new fire extinguishing systems such as water mist systems and aerosol systems.
  • an environmentally friendly green fire extinguishing agent that can be applied to any water system fire extinguishing agent, water mist system, foam fire extinguishing agent, etc., which is safe, non-toxic and has little impact on the environment, has been developed, and can be used for sealing or half.
  • Confined spaces such as ships, airplanes, internal combustion engines, automobiles, etc., can also be used in relatively open spaces.
  • alternatives to environmentally-friendly and efficient halon fire extinguishing agents for extinguishing oil or natural gas fires become a kind of demand. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel high-efficiency (hydrogen) oxide aqueous sol-gel fire extinguishing agent, which can be used for extinguishing fire, which can cut off the combustion chain (inhibit the combustion chain), can also save water, and can also be used for sealing
  • Semi-enclosed spaces such as fire-extinguishing systems for underground railways, fire-fighting systems for ships, factories, especially for electrical equipment, substations, laboratories, etc., can also be used for more open space, such as for extinguishing oil or Natural gas fires, etc., can also be used in the field of pollution-free fire protection in conventional fires.
  • a "fire" in a fire is actually a phenomenon in which a strong chemical reaction occurs.
  • a chemical reaction between a compound composed of elements such as carbon and hydrogen and oxygen is mainly caused.
  • the fire is caused by unstable combustion, so it contains four main factors, namely, combustion, combustion aids (usually oxygen), ignition points and combustion chains. Therefore, to eliminate the fire, as long as any one of the elements is suppressed, the effect can be achieved.
  • combustion aids usually oxygen
  • the (hydrogen) oxide sol gel fire extinguishing agent of the invention is a water system, and one of the fire extinguishing mechanisms thereof comprises the effects of suffocation and cooling, that is, each kilogram of water is heated from the normal temperature to the boiling point and completely evaporated and vaporized, and can absorb 2593.4 KJ. Heat. Therefore, it utilizes its ability to absorb sensible heat and latent heat to exert a cooling and extinguishing effect, which is unmatched by other fire extinguishing agents.
  • the (hydrogen) oxide sol gel is a complex physical and chemical interaction between water and (hydrogen) oxide, and is the result of the interaction between the two, so in addition to the heat of 2593.4KJ/Kg, which requires an aqueous phase change, It is necessary to destroy this physical and chemical bond force, which is unmatched by pure water-extinguishing agents. 'Of course, the water vapor formed by the vaporization of the water is an inert gas. And the volume will expand about 1700 times.
  • the water vapor generated by the water vaporization will occupy the space of the combustion area, dilute the oxygen content around the combustion material, hinder the fresh air from entering the combustion zone, and greatly reduce the oxygen concentration in the combustion zone, thereby achieving the purpose of suffocating fire.
  • the specific surface area of the water droplets and droplets formed will be greatly increased, enhancing the heat exchange between water and fire, thereby enhancing its cooling and suffocation; and being soluble in some of the water.
  • the flammable and flammable liquid can also act as a dilution; ⁇
  • the water mist generated by the strong jet can emulsifie the flammable and flammable liquid, and the water surface can be rapidly cooled, and the flammable steam can be produced at a reduced speed to achieve the purpose of extinguishing the fire.
  • the fire extinguishing function is available.
  • the (hydrogen) oxide sol-gel fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is a metal oxide titanium oxide (Ti02), (hydrogen) zinc oxide, (hydrogen) aluminum oxide, (hydrogen) magnesium oxide, (hydrogen) silicon oxide, or the like.
  • An aqueous fire-extinguishing sol in which one or more components are mixed in any ratio can have an effect such as a halon fire extinguishing agent due to a photocatalytic effect. This is because the photocatalyst can react with light to form an electron hole.
  • the electron holes react with the 11 and * OH necessary to maintain combustion to form H+ and OH, respectively, and then combine into water.
  • the reaction mechanism is as follows:
  • the (hydrogen) oxide sol particles of the (hydrogen) oxide sol-gel fire extinguishing agent of the present invention are between 0.1 and 10,000 nm, and have a very large specific surface area, that is, have a very large surface energy, (hydrogen) oxidation.
  • Materials such as magnesium oxide (MgO), alumina (A1203), titanium dioxide (Ti02), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), and aluminum oxide (AI(OH)3) have very high decomposition temperatures, so It is extremely difficult to decompose or vaporize. Therefore, after the sol or solid particles enter the fire field, they are affected by the combustion cracking products. They can adsorb radicals such as 15, OH, and 0 which are much smaller than them, and add their own reactions to achieve the combustion chain. The purpose of cutting or suppressing the burning chain.
  • the mechanism reaction is as follows:
  • the technical solution of the present invention is - a novel high-efficiency (chlorine) oxide sol-gel fire extinguishing agent, which is composed of a metal oxide titanium oxide (Ti02), (hydrogen) zinc oxide, (hydrogen) aluminum oxide, (hydrogen)
  • An aqueous fire extinguishing sol prepared by mixing one or more components of magnesium oxide, (hydrogen) silicon oxide, or the like in any ratio, using a dispersion method and a chemical method to prepare a (hydrogen) oxide aqueous fire extinguishing agent sol gel .
  • the metal oxide photocatalyst titanium dioxide (Ti02) sol gel is dissolved by using titanium tetrachloride or titanium sulfate. After the release, the concentration may be 0.1 to 80.0%, and the titanium hydroxide is adjusted to a pH of 7.0 to 9.0 with ammonia water (NH40H). After washing with water, the titanium hydroxide filter cake is dispersed in water, and an appropriate amount of an oxidizing agent is added. Including, potassium citrate (KMn04), potassium complex potassium (K2Cr207), potassium chromate (K2Cr04), chloric acid (KC103), potassium perchlorate (KC104), potassium hypochlorite (KC10), hydrogen peroxide (H202), etc.
  • the formed metal oxide photocatalyst titanium dioxide (Ti02) sol gel aqueous solution has visible light photocatalyst characteristics, and the titanium dioxide concentration may be between 0.01% and 15%. .
  • the (hydrogen) zinc oxide sol gel is prepared by dissolving and diluting zinc chloride or zinc sulfate at a concentration of 0.1 to 80.0%, and adjusting the ammonia water (NH40H) to a pH of 4.0 to 9.0 to produce zinc hydroxide (Zn). (OH) 2), after washing with water, the zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH) 2) filter cake is dispersed in water to obtain a zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH) 2 ) sol gel.
  • oxidant including potassium permanganate (KMn04), potassium dichromate (K2Cr207), potassium chromate (K2Cr04), chloric acid (KC103), potassium chlorate (KC104), potassium hypochlorite (KC10), peroxidation Hydrogen (H202), etc.
  • oxidant including potassium permanganate (KMn04), potassium dichromate (K2Cr207), potassium chromate (K2Cr04), chloric acid (KC103), potassium chlorate (KC104), potassium hypochlorite (KC10), peroxidation Hydrogen (H202), etc.
  • the (hydrogen) alumina sol gel is prepared by dissolving and diluting with aluminum chloride or aluminum sulfate at a concentration of 0.1 to 80.0%, and adjusting the ammonia water (NH40H) to a pH of 4.0 to 9.0 to produce aluminum hydroxide. After washing with water, the obtained aluminum hydroxide filter cake was dispersed in water to obtain an aluminum hydroxide sol gel.
  • oxidant including potassium permanganate (KMn04), potassium dichromate (K2Cr207), potassium chromate (K2Cr04), chloric acid (KC103), potassium perchlorate (KC104), potassium hypochlorite (KC10), peroxidation
  • oxidant including potassium permanganate (KMn04), potassium dichromate (K2Cr207), potassium chromate (K2Cr04), chloric acid (KC103), potassium perchlorate (KC104), potassium hypochlorite (KC10), peroxidation
  • H202 hydrogen
  • H202 hydrogen
  • the (hydrogen) magnesia sol gel is prepared by dissolving and diluting with magnesium chloride or magnesium sulfate at a concentration of 0.1 to 80.0%, and adjusting to a pH of 4.0 to 9.0 with ammonia water (NH40H) to produce magnesium hydroxide, which is filtered by water washing. Thereafter, the obtained magnesium hydroxide filter cake is dispersed in water to form a hydroxide mirror sol gel.
  • oxidant including potassium citrate (KMn04), potassium dichromate (K2Cr207), potassium chromate (K2Cr04), chloric acid (KC103), potassium perchlorate (KC104), potassium hypochlorite (KC10), peroxidation
  • KC103 potassium perchlorate
  • KC10 potassium hypochlorite
  • the novel high-efficiency (hydrogen) oxide sol-gel fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is characterized in that the oxide or hydroxide extinguishing agent is an aqueous sol gel having a pH of between 6.0 and 11.0.
  • the novel high-efficiency (hydrogen) oxide sol-gel fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is characterized in that the particle size of the oxide or hydroxide extinguishing agent aqueous sol gel can be between O.lnn! ⁇ 10,000nm, particles in this range account for 0.1% ⁇ 99.9% of total particle weight.
  • the novel antimony (hydrogen) oxide sol-gel fire extinguishing agent of the invention is characterized in that the oxide or hydroxide thereof is extinguished
  • the fire-based aqueous sol gel may be an aqueous fire-extinguishing sol in which one or more (hydrogen) oxides are mixed in any ratio.
  • a particulate powder such as calcium carbonate powder may be added to the system, and the powder may have a particle size ranging from 0.1 nni to 10,000 nm, and the concentration of the fire extinguishing agent is between 0 and 500,000. Ppm.
  • a sodium silicate solution may be added to the system, and the concentration in the fire extinguishing agent may be from 0 to 500,000 ppm.
  • some surfactants may be added to the system, especially some low surface tension surfactants, such as: fluorosurfactants, silicon-containing surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cations.
  • Surfactants, anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, etc.; surfactants are used in the fire extinguishing agent at a concentration between 0 and 100,000 ppm for better fire extinguishing.
  • the surfactant can be directly dissolved in water and then uniformly mixed with an oxide or hydroxide fire extinguishing agent aqueous sol gel.
  • the oxide or hydroxide fine particle powder in the (hydrogen) oxide sol gel fire extinguishing agent of the invention can be directly applied to a dry powder fire extinguishing agent, a water fire extinguishing system, a water spray fireproof system, a water mist system, a water film
  • a fire extinguishing system such as a foam fire extinguishing system
  • the oxide or hydroxide fine particle powder is sufficiently dispersed by stirring, and the concentration of the fire extinguishing agent is used in the range of 0.1 to 500,000 ppm.
  • Test Example 1 The 1% titania sol and 1% titanium oxide and 3% silica mixed aqueous sol were respectively tested to obtain a DSC endothermic curve at one atmosphere.
  • the titanium hydroxide filter cake is dispersed in water, and an appropriate amount of oxidant is added.
  • hydrogen peroxide (H202) was continuously heated at a temperature of 70 C for 38 hours, the formed metal oxide photocatalyst titanium dioxide ( ⁇ 02) sol-gel aqueous solution had visible light photocatalytic properties.
  • the prepared titanium oxide sol is diluted to a 0.5% aqueous solution, the solution The glue can be sprayed into the fire with a water gun to extinguish the fire.
  • the zinc hydroxide is dispersed in water to form zinc hydroxide sol. gum.
  • oxidizing agent potassium dichromate K2Cr207
  • the prepared (hydrogen) zinc oxide sol is diluted to a 3.0% aqueous solution, and the sol can be sprayed into the fire with a water gun to extinguish the fire.
  • the fire source is absolute ethanol.
  • This experiment is to verify the effect of titanium oxide sol on different organic solvents.
  • the organic solvents are diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, methanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and carbon disulfide.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 3. .
  • the titanium dioxide sol has a very good fire extinguishing effect on organic solvents.
  • Example 5 As can be seen from Table 4, the alumina sol has a very good fire extinguishing effect on organic solvents.
  • Example 5 As can be seen from Table 4, the alumina sol has a very good fire extinguishing effect on organic solvents.
  • This experiment is to verify the effect of aluminum hydroxide sol on different organic solvents.
  • the organic solvents are diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, methanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and carbon disulfide.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 5. Show.
  • This experiment is to verify the effect of magnesium hydroxide sol on different organic solvents.
  • the organic solvents are diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, petroleum ether, cyclohexane, methanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and carbon disulfide.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 6. Show.
  • This experiment is to verify the effect of adding a sodium silicate solution to a 1% titanium dioxide sol at a concentration of 50, OOOppm to form a mixture of fire-extinguishing sols for different organic solvents.
  • the organic solvents are diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, and petroleum. Ether, cyclohexane, methanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, carbon disulfide, the experimental results are shown in Table 8.
  • the (hydrogen) oxide sol-gel fire extinguishing agent of the present invention has the following special table:
  • the (hydrogen) oxide sol of the invention is non-toxic, the formulation of the inorganic material is stable and difficult to decompose, convenient for transportation and storage, and the storage stability period is more than five years;
  • the (hydrogen) oxide sol gel fire extinguishing agent of the present invention can be used to eliminate burning odor, residual organic volatile gas, etc. when irradiated by a natural light source and an artificial light source.
  • By-product which acts to purify the air;
  • the (hydrogen) oxide sol of the (hydrogen) oxide sol-gel fire extinguishing agent of the present invention does not decompose even under high temperature conditions, and is stable, and has always played a role in suppressing the combustion chain, and can eliminate combustion after fire extinguishing. the remains;
  • the (hydrogen) oxide sol-gel fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is a neutral (hydrogen) oxide sol, which does not corrode equipment, and the existing fire-proof equipment can be used without modification or slight modification;
  • the (hydrogen) oxide fine particle powder of the (hydrogen) oxide sol-gel fire extinguishing agent of the present invention can be directly applied to a dry powder fire extinguishing agent or as an additive of a dry powder fire extinguishing agent;
  • the (hydrogen) oxide sol gel fire extinguishing agent of the invention can be widely applied to clean water fire extinguishing system, water spray fireproof system, water mist system, halon substitute fire extinguishing system, water film foam fire extinguishing system, aerosol fire extinguishing Systems such as fire-fighting systems are used as fire-extinguishing agents; especially for fire-fighting systems, water-cooling systems, such as subways, underground railways, coal mines, grasslands, forests, mountains, factories, office buildings, residential quarters, hospitals, airplanes, ships Wait.

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Description

高效 (氢) 氧化物氷性溶胶凝胶灭火剂及其应用 技术领域
本发明属于消防技术领域, 涉及一种灭火剂及其应用, 尤其是一种髙效(氢)氧化物 水性溶胶凝胶灭火剂及其应用。 背景技术
火灾是当今社会频发的灾难, 往往造成生命财产的巨大损失。如何迅速扑灭火灾, 尽 量挽救生命, 减少经济损失, 已经成为百姓和政府非常关注的事情。
常见的灭火剂一般是水灭火剂、 泡沫灭火剂、 干粉灭火剂、 气溶胶灭火剂、 水雾灭火 剂等, 而且每一类又可细分为多项。但不管种类有何不同, 其原理都是隔离助燃剂、 降低 燃火点、 切断燃烧链 (抑制燃烧链)等。
一般地说, 像泡沬灭火剂、干粉灭火剂等主要用于公用场合、 实验室、 工厂等简易的 灭火器中, 起到在着火初期就迅速扑灭火源, 以防止火势的进一步扩大的作用。 然而, 在 大面积的火灾中, 大都采用清水为灭火剂; 对于一些密闭的如船只、 飞机等无法进行人员 疏散的环境里面, 一般采用水雾消防系统和哈龙(Halons)消防系统进行灭火, 而其它的 灭火剂往往存在一些毒性, 甚至是高毒性而受到了极大的限制。
水灭火是一种古老而又使用范围广泛的天然灭火剂, 易于获取和储存, 在消防领域的 一直扮演着重要角色。 然而从水灭火的机理上, 我们不难看到, 与其它的灭火剂相比, 水 灭火存在着明显的缺陷,例如:水对于易燃的有机液体和气体,不能起到迅速灭火的效果; 灭火时需要大量的水, 经常对一些物品造成损害, 针对该缺点, 有人开发了如高分子水性 吸水树脂灭火剂等新型灭火剂专利, 如 CN200410015909.0; 而且, 水对有些火灾有着很 大的局限性, 甚至有时起到推波助澜的作用。
因此, 由哈龙公司发明的卤代烃切断燃烧链(抑制燃烧链)的灭火剂进入了人们的视 野, 并且迅速成为消防领域的重要武器和有力武器, 而广泛的用到各个领域。 可是, 随着 科技日新月异的发展及对环境保护议题的日益重视,消防灭火系统也必须要符合环保的需 要。研究证实, 氯化合物及其它化合物会加速臭氧转化成氧气的速度, 换言之, 大气中 的臭氧层厚度正逐渐的降低。臭氧的功用不只能过滤掉破坏地球动、植物生命的激烈太阳 辐射热, 并可调节地球温度。 在 1987年, 由美国及全球各大工业国家所签署的蒙特娄公 约 (Motreal Protocol) 中规范了氟氯化合物的生产及使用量并限制其制造以保护位于同温 层的臭氧。 所以, 出现了只有 10几年的卤代烃灭火剂不得不淡出消防领域。
现在, 就哈龙灭火剂存在着三方面的改良: 其一是加入催化剂, 如 CN1097347A, CN90106745.8 中所述使哈龙灭火剂中卤代烃灭火时分解成不影响臭氧层的物质, 但目前 还没有看到这样的催化剂用于消防领域。其二是扬弃哈龙灭火剂, 取其合理的切断燃烧链 的机理, 全新幵发出"洁净气体"替代哈龙卤代烃气体, 如釆用空气中的惰性气体, 氟碘烃 系统等。其三是抛弃哈龙灭火系统, 开发出全新的灭火系统, 如细水雾系统, 气溶胶系统 等。 然而, 无论哪一种灭火系统都没有像哈龙灭火系统那样普遍的被人们接受。
基于此, 开发出一种可以应用到任何水体系灭火剂、 水雾体系、 泡沫灭火剂等安全、 无毒、 对环境几乎无影响的水相环保的绿色灭火剂, 而且可以用于密闭或半密闭空间, 如 船舶、 飞机、 内燃机、 汽车等的灭火, 也可以用于较为开放的空间, 如用于扑灭石油或天 然气的火灾等的水相环保高效的哈龙灭火剂的替代品成为一种需求。 发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种新型高效(氢)氧化物水性溶胶凝胶灭火剂, 应用它灭火, 即 能具有切断燃烧链(抑制燃烧链), 又能起到节水作用, 还能用于密闭半密闭的空间, 如 地下铁路的灭火系统、船舶的灭火系统、工厂尤其是一些电气设备的厂房或变电所、 实验 室等, 也可以用于较为幵放的空间, 如用于扑灭石油或天然气的火灾等, 还可以用于常规 火灾中的无污染的消防领域。
一般说来, 火灾中 "火"其实是一种发生强烈的化学反应的一种现象。对于普通意义上 的火灾, 主要是由碳、 氢等元素组成的化合物与氧气发生的化学反应。 但不管什么, 火灾 的发生是由于不稳定燃烧的结果, 因此包含四个主要因素, 即燃烧物、 助燃物(一般为氧 气)、 着火点和燃烧链。 所以消除火灾, 只要抑制住其中的任何一个要素, 就能够达到效 果。 当然, 如果同时抑制多个因素, 对快速灭火, 就能更大限度地减少人们生命财产安全 的损失。
本发明的(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂因其是水体系, 其灭火机理之一包含窒息和冷 却的作用, 即每千克水自常温加热至沸点并完全蒸发汽化, 可以吸收 2593.4KJ的热量。 因此,它利用自身吸收显热和潜热的能力发挥冷却灭火作用,是其它灭火剂所无法比拟的。 而(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶是水与 (氢)氧化物形成复杂的物理和化学作用, 是二者相互作 用的结果, 所以除了需要水相变的 2593.4KJ/Kg的热量夕卜, 还需要破坏这个物理的和化学 的键力,这是纯粹的清水灭火剂不能比拟的。'当然,水被汽化后形成的水蒸气为惰性气体, 且体积将膨胀 1700倍左右。 在灭火时, 由水汽化产生的水蒸气将占据燃烧区域的空间、 稀释燃烧物周围的氧含量, 阻碍新鲜空气进入燃烧区, 使燃烧区内的氧浓度大大降低, 从 而达到窒息灭火的目的。 当水呈喷淋雾状时, 形成的水滴和雾滴的比表面积将大大增加, 增强了水与火之间的热交换作用,从而强化了其冷却和窒息作用; 以及对一些易溶于水的 可燃、 易燃液体还可起稀释作用; 釆用强射流产生的水雾可使可燃、 易燃液体产生乳化作 用, 使液体表面迅速冷却、可燃蒸汽产生速度下降而达到灭火的目的等水具有的灭火功能 都具备。
本发明的(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂为一种金属氧化物二氧化钛(Ti02)、 (氢)氧 化锌、 (氢) 氧化铝、 (氢)氧化镁、 (氢) 氧化硅等的其中一种或一种以上的成份以任何 比例混合之水性灭火溶胶, 因具有光触媒效果, 能够起到如哈龙灭火剂的效果。这是因为 光触媒可以与光反应生成电子电洞, 电子电洞分别与维持燃烧所必须的 · 11和* OH反应 成 H+及 OH—进而结合成水, 抑制反应机理如下所示:
Ti02+ hv (火光) →Ti02+ h+ + e"
• OH + e—— OH—
• H+h+→ H+
H++ 0H~→ H20
本发明的 (氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂中的 (氢)氧化物的溶胶微粒在 0.1〜10,000 纳米之间, 具有非常大的比表面积, 即拥有非常大的表面能, (氢) 氧化物, 如氧化镁 (MgO)、氧化铝(A1203)、二氧化钛(Ti02)、氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)2)、氧氧化铝(AI(OH)3 ) 等具有非常高的分解温度, 所以极难分解或气化, 所以溶胶或固体微粒进入火场后, 受到 燃烧裂解产物的冲击, 可以吸附远比他们小的 15、 OH、 0等自由基, 加入它们自身的反 应, 从而达到消耗燃烧链的目的, 切断或抑制燃烧链。 机理反应如下:
Η· + · OH— H20
2H+0— H20
本发明的技术解决方案是- 一种新型高效(氯)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂, 是由一种金属氧化物二氧化钛(Ti02)、 (氢)氧化锌、 (氢)氧化铝、 (氢) 氧化镁、 (氢)氧化硅等的其中一种或一种以上的成 份以任何比例混合之水性灭火溶胶, 采用分散法和化学法的方式制备成的(氢)氧化物水 性灭火剂溶胶凝胶。
其中金属氧化物光触媒二氧化钛(Ti02)溶胶凝胶是利用四氯化钛或硫酸钛经溶解稀 释后, 浓度可为 0.1〜80.0%, 以氨水(NH40H)调整至 PH=7.0〜9.0之间产生氢氧化钛, 经水洗过滤后, 将氢氧化钛滤饼分散于水中, 加入适量的氧化剂 (包括, 髙锰酸钾 (KMn04)、重络酸钾(K2Cr207)、铬酸钾(K2Cr04)、氯酸(KC103 )、高氯酸钾(KC104)、 次氯酸钾 (KC10) 、 过氧化氢 (H202)等), 并以温度 50〜90°C持续加温 1〜48小时后, 所 形成的金属氧化物光触媒二氧化钛(Ti02)溶胶凝胶水溶液, 具有可见光光触媒特性, 二 氧化钛浓度可介于 0.01%〜15%。
其中 (氢) 氧化锌溶胶凝胶是利用氯化锌或硫酸锌经溶解稀释后, 浓度可为 0.1〜 80.0%, 以氨水(NH40H)调整至 PH=4.0〜9.0之间产生氢氧化锌(Zn(OH)2), 经水洗过 滤后, 将氢氧化锌 (Zn(OH)2)滤饼分散于水中即为氢氧化锌 (Zn(OH)2) 溶胶凝胶。 加 入适量的氧化剂(包括, 高锰酸钾(KMn04)、重铬酸钾(K2Cr207)、铬酸钾(K2Cr04)、 氯酸(KC103 )、 髙氯酸钾 (KC104)、 次氯酸钾 (KC10) 、 过氧化氢 (H202)等), 并以温度 50〜90°C持续加温 1〜48小时后, 即可形成金属氧化物氧化锌 (ZnO)溶胶凝胶水溶液。
其中 (氢) 氧化铝溶胶凝胶是利用氯化铝或硫酸铝经溶解稀释后, 浓度可为 0.1〜 80.0%, 以氨水(NH40H)调整至 PH=4.0〜9.0之间产生氢氧化铝, 经水洗过滤后, 将所 得氢氧化铝滤饼分散于水中即为氢氧化铝溶胶凝胶。 加入适量的氧化剂(包括, 高锰酸钾 (KMn04)、重铬酸钾(K2Cr207)、铬酸钾 (K2Cr04)、氯酸(KC103 )、高氯酸钾(KC104)、 次氯酸钾 (KC10) 、 过氧化氢 (H202)等), 并以温度 50〜90°C持续加温 1〜48小 时后, 即 可形成金属氧化物氧化铝溶胶凝胶水溶液。
其中 (氢) 氧化镁溶胶凝胶是利用氯化镁或硫酸镁经溶解稀释后, 浓度可为 0.1〜 80.0%, 以氨水(NH40H)调整至 PH=4.0〜9.0之间产生氢氧化镁, 经水洗过滤后, 将所 得氢氧化镁滤饼分散于水中即为氢氧化镜溶胶凝胶。 加入适量的氧化剂(包括, 髙锰酸钾 (KMn04)、重铬酸钾(K2Cr207)、铬酸钾(K2Cr04)、氯酸(KC103 )、高氯酸钾(KC104)、 次氯酸钾 (KC10) 、 过氧化氢 (H202)等), 并以温度 50〜90°C持续加温 1〜48小时后, 即 可形成金属氧化物氧化镁(MgO)溶胶凝胶水溶液。
本发明的新型高效(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂, 其特征在于其氧化物或氢氧化物灭 火剂为水性溶胶凝胶, 其 pH介于 6.0〜11.0之间。
本发明的新型高效(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂, 其特征在于其氧化物或氢氧化物灭 火剂水性溶胶凝胶的粒径大小可介于 O.lnn!〜 10,000nm, 在此范围的粒子占总粒子重量 0.1%〜99.9% 。
本发明的新型髙效(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂, 其特征在于其氧化物或氢氧化物灭 火剂水性溶胶凝胶可以是一种或一种以上之(氢)氧化物以任何比例混合之水性灭火溶胶。 为了获得更好的灭火效果, 可以在体系中加入微粒粉体, 如碳酸钙粉体, 该粉体粒径 大小可介于 0.1nni〜10,000nm, 在该灭火剂中使用浓度介于 0〜500,000ppm。
为了获得更好的灭火效果, 可以在体系中加入硅酸钠溶液, 在该灭火剂中使用浓度介 于 0〜500,000ppm。
为了获得更好的灭火效果, 可以在体系中加入些表面活性剂, 尤其是一些低表面张力 的表面活性剂, 如: 含氟表面活性剂, 含硅表面活性剂, 非离子表面活性剂、 阳离子表面 活性剂、 阴离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂等; 表面活性剂在该灭火剂中使用浓度介于 0〜100,000ppm , 以获得更好的灭火效果。表面活性剂可以直接溶解于水中, 再与氧化物 或氢氧化物灭火剂水性溶胶凝胶均匀搅拌混合即可。
本发明的(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂中的氧化物或氢氧化物微粒粉体, 可以直接应 用到干粉灭火剂中、 清水灭火系统、 水喷雾防火系统、细水雾系统、 水膜泡沫灭火系统等 消防体系中用作灭火剂添加剂, 以搅拌的方式将氧化物或氢氧化物微粒粉体充分分散, 在 该灭火剂中使用浓度介于 0.1〜500,000ppm 。 具体实施方式
下面结合试验及具体实施例对本发明进行说明
试验例 1.釆用 1%二氧化钛溶胶以及 1%氧化钛和 3%氧化硅混合水性溶胶分别进行了 试验以取得在一个大气压下的 DSC吸热曲线,
1%二氧化钛溶胶共 6,200mg, 在一个大气压下的 DSC 吸热曲线, 使用测试设备为 NETZSCH DSC 200 PC, 起始点 100.9°C, 終止点 119.4 °C, 可得知每克溶胶可吸收 1696J 热量; 1%氧化钛和 3%氧化硅混合水性溶胶共 8,700mg, 在一个大气压下的 DSC吸热曲 线, 使用测试设备为 NETZSCH DSC 200 PC, 起始点 100.5 C, 終止点 118.7°C, 可得知每 克溶胶可吸收 1841J热量。 而由文献得知, 水在一个大气压下的 DSC吸热曲线为每克水 吸收 1250J热量, 故 (氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂的灭火效率可明显改善。
实施例 1 单一 (氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶的灭火实验-
1、 利用硫酸钛经溶解稀释后, 浓度为 22.0%, 以氨水 (NH40H) 调整至 PH=7.2产 生氢氧化钛, 经水洗过滤后, 将氢氧化钛滤饼分散于水中, 加入适量的氧化剂过氧化氢 (H202),并以温度 70 C持续加温 38小 时后,所形成的金属氧化物光触媒二氧化钛(ΊΪ02) 溶胶凝胶水溶液, 具有可见光光触媒特性。 制备的氧化钛溶胶稀释至 0.5%水溶液, 该溶 胶可以用水枪喷向火中, 起到灭火作用。
2、 氯化铝经溶解稀释后, 浓度为 10.0%, 以氨水(NH40H) 调整至 PH=5.5产生氢 氧化铝, 经水洗过滤后, 将所得氢氧化铝滤饼分散于水中即为氢氧化铝溶胶凝胶。加入适 量的氧化剂, 高锰酸钾 (KMn04), 并以温度 80°C持续加温 44小时后, 即可形成金属氧 化物氧化铝(A1203 )溶胶凝胶水溶液。 制备的(氢)氧化铝溶胶稀释至 1.5%水溶液, 该 溶胶可以用水枪喷向火中, 起到灭火作用。
3、 利用硫酸锌经溶解稀释后, 浓度可为 35.0%, 以氨水 (NH40H) 调整至 PH=6.8 产生氢氧化锌, 经水洗过滤后, 将氢氧化锌分散于水中即为氢氧化锌溶胶凝胶。加入适量 的氧化剂重铬酸钾 (K2Cr207) , 并以温度 85 °C持续加温 22小时后, 即可形成金属氧化物 氧化锌(ZnO)溶胶凝胶水溶液。 制备的(氢)氧化锌溶胶稀释至 3.0%水溶液, 该溶胶可 以用水枪喷向火中, 起到灭火作用。
其它 (氢)氧化物与前面相似。
灭火时间对照表 1*
Figure imgf000008_0001
*注: 火源为无水乙醇
从表 1中可以看出,采用(氢)氧化物溶胶作为灭火剂的效果远远好于清水灭火效果。 实施例 2 混合(氢)氧化物溶胶的灭火实验 '
在本灭火实验中, 分别采用混合(氢)氧化物溶胶进行水枪灭火实验, (氢) 氧化物 溶胶的合成法如实施例一所示。 灭火时间对照表 2*
Figure imgf000009_0001
注: *火源为无水乙醇;
从表 2可以看出, 采用混合(氢)氧化物溶胶作为灭火剂的灭火效果好于清水的灭火 效果。 实施例 3
本实验是验证氧化钛溶胶对不同的有机溶剂灭火的效果, 有机溶剂分别是乙醚、 乙酸 乙酯、丙酮、石油醚、环己烷、 甲醇、 甲苯、 四氢呋喃、二硫化碳, 实验结果如表 3所示。
灭火时间对照表 3*
Figure imgf000009_0002
从表 3可以看出, 二氧化钛溶胶对有机溶剂的灭火效果非常的好。 实施例 4
本实验是验证氧化铝溶胶对不同的有机溶剂灭火的效果, 有机溶剂分别是乙醚、 乙酸 乙酯、丙酮、石油醚、环己烷、 甲醇、 甲苯、 四氢呋喃、二硫化碳, 实验结果如表 4所示。 灭火时间对照表 4*
Figure imgf000010_0001
从表 4可以看出, 氧化铝溶胶对有机溶剂的灭火效果非常的好。 实施例 5
本实验是验证氢氧化铝溶胶对不同的有机溶剂灭火的效果, 有机溶剂分别是乙醚、 乙酸乙酯、 丙酮、 石油醚、 环己烷、 甲醇、 甲苯、 四氢呋喃、 二硫化碳, 实验结果如表 5 所示。
灭火时间对照表 5*
Figure imgf000010_0002
从表 5可以看出, 氢氧化铝溶胶对有机溶剂的灭火效果非常的好。 实施例 6
本实验是验证氢氧化镁溶胶对不同的有机溶剂灭火的效果,有机溶剂分别是乙醚、 乙酸乙酯、 丙酮、 石油醚、 环己烷、 甲醇、 甲苯、 四氢呋喃、 二硫化碳, 实验结果如表 6 所示。
灭火时间对照表 6*
Figure imgf000010_0003
从表 6可以看出, 氢氧化镁溶胶对有机溶剂的灭火效果非常的好。 实施例 7
本实验是验证 1%二氧化钛溶胶中加入平均粒径为 55nm 的碳酸钙粉体, 浓度为 30, OOOppm, 所形成的混合物灭火溶胶, 对不同的有机溶剂灭火的效果, 有机溶剂分别是 乙醚、 乙酸乙酯、 丙酮、 石油醚、 环己烷、 甲醇、 甲苯、 四氢呋喃、 二硫化碳, 实验结果 如表 7所示。
灭火时间对照表 7*
Figure imgf000011_0001
从表 7可以看出, 二氧化钛与碳酸钙混合物溶胶对有机溶剂的灭火效果非常的好。 实施例 8
本实验是验证 1%二氧化钛溶胶中加入硅酸钠溶液, 浓度为 50, OOOppm, 所形成的混 合物灭火溶胶, 对不同的有机溶剂灭火的效果, 有机溶剂分别是乙醚、 乙酸乙酯、 丙酮、 石油醚、 环己烷、 甲醇、 甲苯、 四氢呋喃、 二硫化碳, 实验结果如表 8所示。
灭火时间对照表 8*
Figure imgf000011_0002
从表 8可以看出, 二氧化钛与硅酸钠混合物溶胶对有机溶剂的灭火效果非常的好。 本发明的 (氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂具有以下特桌:
1、 环保无毒。 在燃烧过程中, 所产生的有毒有机气体, 在光催化条件下, 可以被迅速 氧化成二氧化碳和水等无毒的产物, 极大的保障了被困人员的生命;
2、 节约水能, 高效灭火。 实验过程中发现, 同样条件下的火灾, 溶胶灭火剂仅是清水 灭火剂的 1/4用以下。 因粘度几乎与水相同, 也就是说, 灭火时的喷射出的水速与溶胶速 几乎相同, 所以可以这样认为, 几乎少用时间近 3/4, 极大的缩短了火势对人们生命财产 的威胁; 3、本发明的(氢)氧化物溶胶是无毒的,无机材料配方稳定难分解,方便运输和贮存, 贮存稳定期达五年以上;
4、 本发明的(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂的总(氢)氧化物在水溶胶体系中的含量非 常低, 只有 0. 01%〜20%之间, 一般在 0. 1%〜10%左右, 成本非常低;
5、 本发明的 (氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂灭火后, (氢)氧化物溶胶在自然光源和人 造光源等光源照射下, 可以消除燃烧异味、残留的有机挥发性气体等燃烧时的副产物, 起 到净化空气的作用;
6、 本发明的(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂的(氢)氧化物溶胶即使在高温条件下也不 会分解, 稳定存在, 一直起到抑制燃烧链的作用, 灭火后还可以消除燃烧残留物;
7、 本发明的 (氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂为中性(氢)氧化物溶胶, 不腐蚀设备, 现 有防火设备不经改造或稍做改造即可使用;
8、 本发明的(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂的(氢)氧化物微粒粉体, 可以直接应用到 干粉灭火剂中, 或者作为干粉灭火剂的添加剂;
9、本发明的(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂可以广泛应用到清水灭火系统、水喷雾防火 系统、 细水雾系统、 哈龙替代品灭火系统、水膜泡沬灭火系统、 气溶胶灭火系统等消防体 系中用作灭火剂; 尤其是清水灭火系统、 水雾系统的灭火领域例如, 地铁、 地下铁路、 煤 矿、 草场、 森林、 山地、 工厂、 办公大楼、 居住小区、 医院、 飞机、 船只等。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、一种新型高效(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂,是由包括金属氧化物二氧化钛(Ti02)、 (氢) 氧化锌、 (氢) 氧化铝、 (氢) 氧化镁、 (氢)氧化硅在内的一种或一种以上的成份 以任何比例混合之水性溶胶, 采用分散和化学的方式制备成的,其中化学合成法是利用氯 化盐或硫酸盐经稀释后, 浓度可为 0.1〜80.0%, 以氨水 (NH40H) 调整至 PH=4.0〜9.0 之间产生氢氧化物, 经水洗过滤后, 将氢氧化物分散于水中即为氢氧化物溶胶凝胶, 加入 包括高锰酸钾 (KMn04)、 重铬酸钾 (K2Cr207)、 铬酸钾 (K2Cr04)、 氯酸(KC103 )、 高氯酸钾 (KC104)、 次氯酸钾 (KC10) 、 过氧化氢 (H202)在内的一种或一种以上适量的 氧化剂, 并以温度 50〜9(TC持续加温 1〜48小时后, 即可形成金属 (氢)氧化物水性溶 胶凝胶。
2、 按权利要求 1所述的一种新型高效(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂, 其特征在于其 氧化物或氢氧化物灭火剂为水性溶胶, 其 pH介于 6〜11之间。
3、 按权利要求 1所述的一种新型髙效 (氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂, 其特征在于其 氧化物或氢氧化物灭火剂水性溶胶中的粒子粒径大小可介于 0.1nm〜10,000nm, 在此范围 的粒子占总粒子重量 0.1%〜99.9% 。
4、 按权利要求 1所述的一种新型高效 (氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂, 其特征在于其 氧化物或氢氧化物灭火剂水性溶胶, 可以在体系中加入些包括含氟表面活性剂、含硅表面 活性剂、 非离子表面活性剂、 阳离子表面活性剂、 阴离子表面活性剂、 两性表面活性剂在 内的低表面张力的表面活性剂, 表面活性剂在该灭火剂中使用浓度介于 0〜100,000ppm , 以获得更好的灭火效果。
5、 按权利要求 1所述的一种新型高效(氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂, 其特征在于其 氧化物或氢氧化物灭火剂水性溶胶凝胶, 其相对应的氧化物或氢氧化物灭火剂微粒粉体, 可以直接应用到千粉灭火剂中、清水灭火系统、 水喷雾防火系统、细水雾系统、 水膜泡沫 灭火系统等消防体系中用作灭火剂添加剂, 在该灭火剂中使用浓度介于 0〜500,000ppm。
6、 按权利要求 1所述的一种新型高效 (氢) 氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂, 为了获得更好 的灭火效果, 可以在体系中加入碳酸钙微粒粉体, 该粉体粒径大小可介于 0.1nm〜 10,000nm, 在该灭火剂中使用浓度介于 0〜500,000ppm。
7、 按权利要求 1所述的一种新型高效 (氢)氧化物溶胶凝胶灭火剂, 为了获得更好 的灭火效果,可以在体系中加入硅酸钠溶液,在该灭火剂中使用浓度介于 0〜500,000ppm。
PCT/CN2005/002418 2005-09-15 2005-12-31 Agent d'extinction de feu sol-gel aqueux a (hydr)oxyde fortement actif et son application WO2007030982A1 (fr)

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