WO2007021172A1 - Systeme et procede d'integration d'energie renouvelable et d'une pile a combustible pour la production d'electricite et d'hydrogene - Google Patents

Systeme et procede d'integration d'energie renouvelable et d'une pile a combustible pour la production d'electricite et d'hydrogene Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007021172A1
WO2007021172A1 PCT/NL2006/000398 NL2006000398W WO2007021172A1 WO 2007021172 A1 WO2007021172 A1 WO 2007021172A1 NL 2006000398 W NL2006000398 W NL 2006000398W WO 2007021172 A1 WO2007021172 A1 WO 2007021172A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
electricity
hydrogen
production
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2006/000398
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Klaas Hemmes
Original Assignee
Technische Universiteit Delft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universiteit Delft filed Critical Technische Universiteit Delft
Publication of WO2007021172A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007021172A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
    • H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for the integration of renewable energy and a fuel cell for the production of electricity and hydrogen.
  • Wind turbines are, often in large numbers, placed together where they can make a contribution to the electricity grid.
  • the hydrogen produced is stored in tanks, to be offered for retailing, or to be converted in a fuel cell into electricity in times of little wind.
  • a particular object of the invention is to provide a system wherein substantially independently of the electricity supplied by the fluctuating energy source, for example, irrespective of the amount of wind or sun, a constant or easily controllable production of electricity is possible, so as to meet the demand for electricity.
  • the object of the invention is especially to provide a system with which it is at all times possible to control the amount of electricity supplied to the electricity grid.
  • the invention provides a system of the kind mentioned in the preamble, which is characterised by the measures of claim 1.
  • the fuel cell produces in addition to electricity also hydrogen.
  • the fuel cell may advantageously comprise a hydrogen product outlet, which may or may not be in direct communication with a gas pipe for supplying the hydrogen produced to a fuel gas pipe, preferably a natural gas pipe. Due to the combined production of electricity and hydrogen, electricity is thus supplied to the electricity grid on the one hand while, on the other hand, hydrogen can be supplied to a gas pipe. This is in particular very convenient when the fuel used for the fuel cell is gas, for example natural gas. The hydrogen produced in the fuel cell can then be returned to the natural gas pipe. This greatly improves the overall performance of the system.
  • the phrase "may or may not be in direct communica- tion” refers to the fact that the produced hydrogen may be conducted directly from the fuel cell to the fuel gas pipe, or that this gas is subjected to an optional pre-treatment .
  • a pre-treatment is the removal of residual gasses that are not allowed to be fed into a fuel gas pipe. If the oxygen supply to the fuel cell is air, the oxygen will be used principally for the combustion of the fuel in the fuel cell.
  • the residual gas mainly nitrogen, may optionally be fed to the gas pipe in order to adjust the energy content of the gas to a desired value. Alternatively, this gas stream consisting mainly of nitrogen may optionally be treated in order to make it suitable for supply to a fuel gas pipe, for example, a natural gas pipe.
  • Such a treatment may, for example, consist of the removal of oxygen.
  • an organic gas for example and preferably CEU (methane, natural gas) to be used as fuel for the fuel cell.
  • CEU methane, natural gas
  • methane can simply be converted by an internal reforming fuel cell into, among other things, hydrogen.
  • Other product gasses are mainly CO2 and CO.
  • CO can be converted into hydrogen and CO 2 by means of a so-called shift reaction with steam (H 2 O) . This further increases the total production of hydrogen.
  • the system according to the invention comprises the supply of heat from the fuel cell to a heat-requiring system.
  • the heat produced in the fuel cell can then be removed from the fuel cell and supplied to the heat-requiring system.
  • a heat-requiring system may, for example, be the surroundings.
  • the pressure of the extracted natural gas is usually very much higher than the pressure in a natural gas pipeline. Since during the expansion of the extracted natural gas to the pressure prevailing in the natural gas pipeline said natural gas cools down considerably, it is advantageous to use the heat produced in the fuel cell for heating the natural gas to be expanded. This greatly improves the total energy utilisation of the system.
  • the nitrogen stream produced in the fuel cell is supplied to the natural gas stream to be expanded, which allows both the calorific value and the temperature of the natural gas stream to be adjusted as desired.
  • the system is equally suitable to be used with solar energy, hydro-energy, such as wave energy, biomass energy, geo-energy and other fluctuating energy sources.
  • the invention also relates to a method for the production of electricity, wherein a renewable energy source is used. To this end the method comprises the measures mentioned in claim 10.
  • the total production from the renewable energy source and the fuel cell is especially preferred for the total production from the renewable energy source and the fuel cell to be substantially equivalent to the predetermined value. This makes a very accurate electricity production possible, which is geared to electricity demand and/or is economically optimised.
  • the predetermined value is variable.
  • the electricity demand can also be met in calm weather.
  • the fuel cells produce all of the electricity, or a further to be determined maximum or minimum part thereof.
  • the operation of a fuel cell provides, for example, the possibility to choose between an operation yielding a high electricity production and a low hydrogen production, or an operation providing little electricity and producing much hydrogen. A combination of these is also possible.
  • a person skilled in the art is able to adapt a fuel cell such that one of these types of operations is obtained or a combination thereof.
  • the invention is not limited to the number of wind turbines or the number of fuel cells.
  • the number of wind turbines and the number of fuel cells may be chosen arbitrarily.
  • the number of fuel cells is chosen such that the maximum electricity production they are capable of is approximately the same as the maximum electricity production by wind tur- bines. This makes it possible, in calm weather, to deliver the maximum electricity production. Since a fuel cell can be easily adjusted with respect to electricity production and/or hydrogen production, a fluctuating electricity production by wind energy can be levelled out by a suitable operation of the fuel cells.
  • the maximum capacity of the fuel cell and the fluctuating energy source may be chosen to equal the maximum amount of electricity that can be accepted by the electricity grid.
  • a fuel cell it is particularly advan- tageous to use an internal reforming fuel cell in the system and the method according to the invention. It is in particular preferred for a fuel cell to be combined with devices for the generation of electricity from different sources of re- newable energy.
  • the fuel cell may, for example, be combined with one or several wind turbines, as well as with one or several solar cells. Combinations of other renewable energy sources are of course also possible. Depending on the weather conditions, the electricity production from renewable energy sources will in that case almost certainly never be zero.
  • the big advantage achieved is that the installation costs can be considerably reduced in comparison with a known system. This is because the system according to the invention requires no electrolysis equipment. Likewise, no unnecessary oxygen is produced. As a result, the system according to the present invention is highly effi- cient.
  • the hydrogen produced in the fuel cell does not need to be stored in storage facilities manufactured especially for this purpose, but may be introduced into existing facilities, such as natural gas fields, gas containers for biomass converters etc.
  • the increase in efficiency is obtained due to an increase of the energy stored in the gasses produced, and a reduction of the amount of heat produced in the fuel cell. If the surplus of electricity that was produced by the wind turbines were to be used for the electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen, the return would be only 80 to 90%. In this way therefore, the production of hydrogen would only amount to approximately 150-170 kW.
  • the system according to the invention is therefore much more efficient than the systems normally used in the art.
  • the hydrogen produced may be supplied to a pipeline system for natural gas. It is possible that the fuel cell also produces a nitrogen stream. This nitrogen stream may also, together with the hydrogen or separately, and possibly in the same pipe, be supplied to the natural gas pipeline in order to adjust the total energy con- tent of the gas in the gas pipe to a desired value.
  • the electricity production of the fuel cell is substantially equivalent to the difference between the predetermined value and the measured value . It is also preferred for the method according to the invention to use a system according to the present invention for controlling the operation of the fuel cell.
  • the gas stream from the cathode is further preferred for the gas stream from the cathode to be subjected to a further treatment in order to remove a residual amount of oxygen therefrom, for example, by feeding the same to a catalytic oxidiser, and after which the treated gas stream is at least partly fed to the natural gas stream.
  • the gas stream from the cathode is fed to the cathode of a low-temperature fuel cell.
  • the hydrogen from an anodic gas stream of the first fuel cell to be fed to the anode of a second fuel cell, and for a cathodic gas stream of the first fuel cell, which in comparison with air has a lower oxygen content, to be fed to the cathode of the second fuel cell.
  • the fuel cell to which air is fed to be a high-temperature fuel cell, preferably of the internal reforming type, for example an SOFC type or an MCFC type .
  • At least a part of the produced electricity is supplied to the electricity grid.
  • the invention is not limited to the supply of the produced hydrogen to a gas pipe.
  • the hydrogen may be stored and later used as fuel in a fuel cell, even in a fuel cell that is designed for hydrogen production.
  • the invention is directed at all hydrocarbons (including carbon) that by means of H2O and/or CO2 can be converted into an H2-containing gas stream.
  • a method for the production of nitrogen and hydrogen in a fuel cell is described in the Dutch patent application entitled “Method for the production of nitrogen and hydrogen in a fuel cell” and the Dutch patent application entitled “Method for the integrated operation of a fuel cell and an air separator” filed simultaneously with the present patent application.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système et un procédé d'intégration d'énergie renouvelable et d'une pile à combustible pour la production d'électricité et d'hydrogène, lequel procédé consiste à utiliser de l'énergie renouvelable comme source d'énergie variable pour la production d'électricité et à utiliser au moins une pile à combustible. Selon cette invention, une unité de commande règle le fonctionnement de la ou des piles à combustible de façon que la production totale d'électricité se situe dans une plage choisie.
PCT/NL2006/000398 2005-08-17 2006-08-04 Systeme et procede d'integration d'energie renouvelable et d'une pile a combustible pour la production d'electricite et d'hydrogene WO2007021172A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1029758A NL1029758C2 (nl) 2005-08-17 2005-08-17 Systeem en werkwijze voor integratie van duurzame energie en brandstofcel voor het produceren van elektriciteit en waterstof.
NL1029758 2005-08-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007021172A1 true WO2007021172A1 (fr) 2007-02-22

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PCT/NL2006/000398 WO2007021172A1 (fr) 2005-08-17 2006-08-04 Systeme et procede d'integration d'energie renouvelable et d'une pile a combustible pour la production d'electricite et d'hydrogene

Country Status (2)

Country Link
NL (1) NL1029758C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007021172A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1025017B1 (nl) * 2017-03-02 2018-10-03 ENERGY FOR ALL, verkort E4A, gewone commanditaire vennootschap Inrichting voor het opwekken van elektriciteit uit waterstofgas of een waterstof-houdend gasmengsel en werkwijze waarbij zulke inrichting wordt toegepast
US10337110B2 (en) 2013-12-04 2019-07-02 Covestro Deutschland Ag Device and method for the flexible use of electricity
CN111697257A (zh) * 2020-05-15 2020-09-22 西安交通大学 一种一体化现场水解制氢及氢燃料电池发电装置及方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4792502A (en) * 1986-11-14 1988-12-20 International Fuel Cells Corporation Apparatus for producing nitrogen
US5330857A (en) * 1991-10-30 1994-07-19 International Fuel Cells Corporation Method of generating high-purity nitrogen gas
US5512787A (en) * 1994-10-19 1996-04-30 Dederick; Robert Facility for refueling of clean air vehicles/marine craft and power generation
JP2002034161A (ja) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-31 Misawa Homes Co Ltd 燃料電池付建物
JP2002135980A (ja) * 2000-10-18 2002-05-10 Iwahata Yukio 太陽光発電と燃料電池とを利用した独立分散型発電システム
WO2002070402A2 (fr) * 2001-03-05 2002-09-12 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Appareil et procede de production d'hydrogene
JP2003115316A (ja) * 2001-10-03 2003-04-18 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 燃料電池システムとその制御法
US20030227276A1 (en) * 2002-06-05 2003-12-11 Kodjo Agbossou Control system for a renewable energy system

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4792502A (en) * 1986-11-14 1988-12-20 International Fuel Cells Corporation Apparatus for producing nitrogen
US5330857A (en) * 1991-10-30 1994-07-19 International Fuel Cells Corporation Method of generating high-purity nitrogen gas
US5512787A (en) * 1994-10-19 1996-04-30 Dederick; Robert Facility for refueling of clean air vehicles/marine craft and power generation
JP2002034161A (ja) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-31 Misawa Homes Co Ltd 燃料電池付建物
JP2002135980A (ja) * 2000-10-18 2002-05-10 Iwahata Yukio 太陽光発電と燃料電池とを利用した独立分散型発電システム
WO2002070402A2 (fr) * 2001-03-05 2002-09-12 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Appareil et procede de production d'hydrogene
JP2003115316A (ja) * 2001-10-03 2003-04-18 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 燃料電池システムとその制御法
US20030227276A1 (en) * 2002-06-05 2003-12-11 Kodjo Agbossou Control system for a renewable energy system

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2002, no. 05 3 May 2002 (2002-05-03) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2002, no. 09 4 September 2002 (2002-09-04) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2003, no. 08 6 August 2003 (2003-08-06) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10337110B2 (en) 2013-12-04 2019-07-02 Covestro Deutschland Ag Device and method for the flexible use of electricity
BE1025017B1 (nl) * 2017-03-02 2018-10-03 ENERGY FOR ALL, verkort E4A, gewone commanditaire vennootschap Inrichting voor het opwekken van elektriciteit uit waterstofgas of een waterstof-houdend gasmengsel en werkwijze waarbij zulke inrichting wordt toegepast
CN111697257A (zh) * 2020-05-15 2020-09-22 西安交通大学 一种一体化现场水解制氢及氢燃料电池发电装置及方法

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Publication number Publication date
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