WO2007019751A1 - A new adsorbing material for decontaminating air pollution and the method for preparing it - Google Patents

A new adsorbing material for decontaminating air pollution and the method for preparing it Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007019751A1
WO2007019751A1 PCT/CN2006/000659 CN2006000659W WO2007019751A1 WO 2007019751 A1 WO2007019751 A1 WO 2007019751A1 CN 2006000659 W CN2006000659 W CN 2006000659W WO 2007019751 A1 WO2007019751 A1 WO 2007019751A1
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charcoal
air pollution
bamboo charcoal
preparing
anhydrous
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PCT/CN2006/000659
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Bozhong Li
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Bozhong Li
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Publication of WO2007019751A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007019751A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
    • A61L9/014—Deodorant compositions containing sorbent material, e.g. activated carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
    • B01J20/0233—Compounds of Cu, Ag, Au
    • B01J20/0237—Compounds of Cu
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
    • B01J20/0274—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04 characterised by the type of anion
    • B01J20/0281—Sulfates of compounds other than those provided for in B01J20/045
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/046—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium containing halogens, e.g. halides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/42—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a new environmental protection product, in particular to a novel adsorption material for air pollution treatment and a preparation method thereof.
  • Activated carbon is a well-known traditional adsorbent material that originated in Germany during the First World War and has been in use ever since. Even in the recent Iraq war, the most advanced military soldiers used anti-chemical gas masks, the adsorbent materials used are still active. Carbon, but activated carbon has not smoothly entered the family to carry out indoor air pollution control, the reasons are many: First, the activated carbon itself is susceptible to interference by water molecules and other secondary gas molecules, reducing its activity; Activated carbon powder or particles are easily diffused to cause pollution: Third, there is no targeted activation process and packaging process. The above factors make the adsorption of activated carbon not strong, the adsorption effect is not ideal, the utilization rate is low, the service life is short, and the practical value is not high.
  • the activated carbon When the activated carbon adsorbs toxic substances, especially gaseous substances, to a saturated state, the adsorbed toxic substances are slowly released under suitable environmental conditions, which is called an automatic desorption process, and becomes a new pollution source in the room. This is the environment. Protection is not allowed. Because traditional activated carbon itself does not have the function of degrading and transforming adsorbed substances, it is only a physical adsorption process. And activated carbon has a certain service life. Therefore, this requires people to respect science and seek truth from facts to develop a new product that is in line with scientific laws, targeted, practical, and truly environmentally friendly to control indoor air pollution.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the traditional activated carbon is not used in the indoor air pollution control, the adsorption is not targeted, the adsorption capacity is weakened with the extension of the storage and transportation time, and the service life is short and easy.
  • the novel adsorbing material of the invention can effectively adsorb formaldehyde, toluene, xylene and sulfur dioxide in the air Nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and other toxic gases, but also effectively inhibit and kill viruses, germs, mites, etc.
  • the invention solves the problem that the storage and transportation time affects the adsorption performance.
  • the novel adsorption material of the invention has many functions, has a strong selective adsorption function, has good effect, has a rapid and long-lasting effect, is convenient to use and handle, and has excellent technology and performance.
  • the new adsorbent material for air pollution control is composed of bamboo charcoal or charcoal and additives, and the weights are as follows: bamboo charcoal or charcoal 50-100, additive 0-50, additive using silica gel body, titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 And at least one of anhydrous copper sulfate (CuS0 4 ), anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) and calcium oxide (CaO), the bamboo charcoal or charcoal is first treated by a strengthening activation process, and then mixed with an additive.
  • the preparation method of the new adsorption material for air pollution treatment is as follows:
  • the vacuum-treated bamboo charcoal or charcoal obtained in the above step 3 is blended with the above-mentioned additive silica gel or titanium dioxide or anhydrous copper sulfate or anhydrous calcium chloride or calcium oxide according to the above composition formula, and uniformly mixed to obtain a finished product;
  • the product of the invention is a powdered or granulated mixed solid having a certain particle size.
  • the non-toxic solid additive added according to the "material composition" formula can resist the interference of water molecules and other secondary gas molecules, even if it is used in a large air humidity or a harsh environment, it does not affect its effect and life, and can inhibit And killing viruses, germs, mites, etc. in the air, and digesting and degrading toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.
  • the enhanced activation process can remove the interference of other secondary gas molecules, remove the adsorption barrier, and further open the adsorption channel, so that it has excellent adsorption and use effects.
  • the product of the invention is non-toxic and does not cause secondary pollution to the air after use.
  • the product of the invention is convenient to use, can be placed, can be arranged, can be hanged and can be glued.
  • the product of the invention has a loose state and has the characteristics of large specific surface area, rapid adsorption, good performance, high adsorption value, high utilization rate and strong practicability. 5.
  • the product of the invention is used for indoor air pollution control, and has a good selective adsorption function for main polluting gases in indoor air such as formaldehyde, toluene, xylene and sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. It has a good inhibitory and killing function against viruses, germs and mites in indoor air.
  • the product of the invention does not consume electricity when used, and is safe, efficient, energy-saving, environmentally friendly and widely used. detailed description:
  • heating and baking electric heating, sealed environment 800 ° C, for 2 hours;
  • explosion in a closed container, pressurized to 6 atmospheres, then instantaneous decompression, get decompression explosion effect, so repeated Three times;
  • Vacuum treatment The vacuum pump is evacuated and decompressed three times.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Description

空气污染治理的新型吸附材料及其制备方法
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种环境保护新产品，具体涉及一种空气污染治理的新型吸 附材料及其制备方法。
背景技术：
活性碳是众所周知的传统吸附材料，起源于第一次世界大战的德国，一 直沿用至今， 既使在近期的伊拉克战争， 最现代化的军队士兵所用的防化防 毒面具，使用的吸附材料仍然是活性碳，但活性碳至今没有顺利地进入广大 家庭进 行室內空气污染的治理，其原因是多方面的：一是活性碳本身易受 水分子及其它次要气体分子的干扰， 降低其活性； 二是活性碳粉末或颗粒易 扩散造成污染： 三是没有针对性的活化工艺和包装工艺。 以上因素使活性碳 吸附针对性不强，吸附效果不理想，利用率低，使用寿命短，实用价值不高， 难以满足家庭空气污染治理的需要，不能被广大用户接受。虽然有的曾将活 性碳先增压成型再活化后使用， 但这种增压成型后的活性碳即使再次活化， 其活性有效值仍受到较大损失， 吸附能力大大降低， 造成活性碳的浪费， 为 此，一些发达国家的科学家们曾就活性碳成型展开过深入的研究，最终由于 实用效果不理想而放弃，同时，成型活性碳长时间置于室内是有害而无益的， 业内专家证实， 当活性碳吸附有毒害物质尤其是气体物质达到饱和状态时， 在适宜环境条件下级慢地将吸附的有毒害物质释放出来，称之为自动解吸过 程， 成为室内的一个新的污染源， 这是环境保护所不允许的。 因为传统活性 碳本身并不具有降解和转化被吸附物质的功能， 它只是一个物理吸附过程， 而且活性碳都有一定的使用寿命。 因此， 这就要求人们尊重科学， 实事求是 地研制开发出一种符合科学规律、有针对性、有实用价值、真正环保型的治 理室内空气污染的新产品。
发明內容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:针对传统的活性碳在用于室内空气污染 治理时利用率不高、吸附作用针对性不强、吸附能力随储存运输时间的延长 而减弱、使用寿命短、 易受水分子或其它次要气体分子干扰等不足之处， 提 供一种空气污染治理的新型吸附材料及其制备方法；本发明的新型吸附材料 能有效吸附空气中的甲醛、 甲苯、 二甲苯、 二氧化硫、 二氧化氮、 一氧化碳 等有毒气体， 而且还能有效抑制和杀灭空气中的病毒、 病菌、 螨虫等， 有效 抵抗水分子及其它次要气体分子的干扰， 消化降解被吸附的有毒气体，如二 氧化硫、二氧化氮气体等。 并解决了储存运输时间影响吸附性能的问题， 本 发明的新型吸附材料功能多， 具有很强的选择吸附功能， 效果好， 作用迅速 持久， 使用和处理方便， 技术与性能优良。
本发明采用的技术方案是：这种空气污染治理的新型吸附材料由竹炭或 木炭与添加剂组成， 重量份如下： 竹炭或木炭 50— 100， 添加剂 0— 50， 添 加剂采用硅胶体、二氧化钛 (Ti02)、无水硫酸铜 (CuS04)、无水氯化钙 (CaCl2) 和氧化钙 (CaO)中的至少一种， 先将竹炭或木炭经强化活化工艺处理， 然后 与添加剂混合。
所述空气污染治理的新型吸附材料的制备方法为如下步骤：
①加温烘烤处理： 取上述重量份的竹炭或木炭研碎， 放入加温炉内升温 烘烤， 密封环境温度 200— 800°C， 保持 1一 8小时； ②增压发爆处理：将上述步骤①所得经烘烤处理的竹炭或木炭送入高压 发爆装置进行发爆处理， 密封容器中， 增压至 4一 16个大气压强， 然后瞬间 减压；
③真空处理工艺：将上述步骤②所得经发爆处理的竹炭或木炭在加温条 件下抽空减压；
④将上述步骤③所得经真空处理的竹炭或木炭与上述添加剂硅胶体或 二氧化钛或无水硫酸铜或无水氯化钙或氧化钙按上述组成配方调配，均匀混 合即得成品；
最后将上述竹炭或木炭与添加剂的混合料进行包装，实行内外包装一体 化或内外包装分装式组合。
本发明的实质性特点和显著效果是-
1、本发明产品为粉末状或颗粒状的具有一定粒度的混合固体。根据"材 料 组成"配方添加的无毒害固体添加剂， 能抵抗水分子及其它次要气体 分子的干扰，即使是在空气湿度较大的或恶劣的环境中使用也不影响其效果 和寿命， 能抑制和杀灭空气中的病毒、 病菌、 螨虫等， 能消化降解有毒气体 如二氧化硫、二氧化氮等。用强化活化工艺处理能清除其它次要气体分子的 干扰， 排除吸附障碍， 进一步打开吸附通道， 从而使其具有优良的吸附性与 使用效果。
2、 本发明产品无毒害， 使用后不会对空气造成二次污染。
3、 本发明产品使用方便， 可摆放、 可陈设、 可挂可粘。
4、 本发明产品呈松散状态， 具有比表面积大、 吸附迅速、 性能良好、 吸附值高、 利用率高、 实用性强的特点。 5、 本发明产品用在室内空气污染治理吋， 对室内空气中的主要污染气 体如甲醛、 甲苯、 二甲苯及二氧化硫、 二氧化氮、 一氧化碳等具有很好的选 择吸附功能。对室内空气中的病毒、病菌、螨虫等有很好的抑制和灭杀功能。
6、 本发明产品使用时不耗电， 安全、 高效、 节能、 环保、 应用广泛。 具体实施方式：
1 . 本发明材料组成、 重量份：
木炭 98公斤，
纳米级二氧化钛 2公斤
2. 制作工艺：
①将木炭：
a、 加温烘烤： 电加热， 密封环境 800°C， 保持 2 小时； b、 发爆： 密闭容器中， 增压到 6个大气压强， 然后瞬间减压， 获 得减压爆炸效果， 如此反复三次；
c、 真空处理： 真空泵抽空减压， 反复三次。
②将上述经工艺处理的木炭与添加剂纳米级二氧化钛按上述组成配方 调配并均匀混合。
③采用透气性良好的布料进行内包装， 以有效防止粉末或颗粒的扩散。 采用不透气、 密封性好的无毒害包装材料进行外包装， 包装外形各异。

Claims

权利 要 求 书
1、 一种空气污染治理的新型吸附材料， 由竹炭或木炭与添加剂组成， 重量份如下： 竹炭或木炭 50— 100， 添加剂 0— 50， 添加剂釆用硅胶体、 二 氧化钛 (Ti0 、无水硫酸铜 (CuS0 、无水氯化钙 (CaCU和氧化钙 (CaO)中的 至少一种。
2、 一种权利要求 1所述的空气污染治理的新型吸附材料的制备方法， 其特征在于该方法为如下步骤：
①加温烘烤处理： 取上述重量份的竹炭或木炭研碎， 放入加温炉内升 温烘烤， 密封环境温度 200— 800°C， 保持 1一 8小时；
②增压发爆处理： 将上述步骤①所得经烘烤处理的竹炭或木炭送入高 压发爆装置进行发爆处理， 密封容器中， 增压至 4一 16个大气压强， 然后 瞬间减压；
③真空处理工艺： 将上述步骤②所得经发爆处理的竹炭或木炭在加温 条件下抽空减压；
④将上述步骤③所得经真空处理的竹炭或木炭与上述添加剂硅胶体或 二氧化钛或无水硫酸铜或无水氯化钙或氧化钙按上述组成配方调配， 均匀 混合即得成品；
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的空气污染治理的新型吸附材料的制备方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤①与步骤②、 步骤③可交叉施行。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的空气污染治理的新型吸附材料的制备方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤②或步骤③可重复施行。
PCT/CN2006/000659 2005-08-17 2006-04-13 A new adsorbing material for decontaminating air pollution and the method for preparing it WO2007019751A1 (en)

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