CN100391591C - 空气污染治理的吸附材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

空气污染治理的吸附材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN100391591C
CN100391591C CNB2005100320246A CN200510032024A CN100391591C CN 100391591 C CN100391591 C CN 100391591C CN B2005100320246 A CNB2005100320246 A CN B2005100320246A CN 200510032024 A CN200510032024 A CN 200510032024A CN 100391591 C CN100391591 C CN 100391591C
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黎伯忠
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Abstract

一种空气污染治理的吸附材料及其制备方法，其组成和重量份为：活性炭或木炭50，添加剂50，添加剂采用硅胶体、次氯酸钙、无水硫酸铜、无水氯化钙或氧化钙，先将活性炭或木炭经强化活化工艺处理，然后与添加剂混合，最后进行真空外包装。本发明能有效吸附和消化降解空气中的有毒气体，抑制和杀灭空气中的病毒，安全、高效、节能、健康、环保，功能多，技术性能优良。

Description

空气污染治理的吸附材料及其制备方法
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种环境保护新产品，具体涉及一种空气污染治理的吸附材料及其制备方法。
背景技术：
活性炭是众所周知的传统吸附材料，起源于第一次世界大战的德国，一直沿用至今，既使在近期的伊拉克战争，最现代化的军队士兵所用的防化防毒面具，使用的吸附材料仍然是活性炭，但活性炭至今没有顺利地进入广大家庭进行室内空气污染的治理，其原因是多方面的：一是活性炭本身易受水分子及其它次要气体分子的干扰，降低其活性；二是活性炭粉末或颗粒易扩散造成污染；三是没有针对性的活化工艺和包装工艺。以上因素使活性炭吸附针对性不强，吸附效果不理想，利用率低，使用寿命短，实用价值不高，难以满足家庭空气污染治理的需要，不能被广大用户接受。虽然有的曾将活性炭先增压成型再活化后使用，但这种增压成型后的活性炭即使再次活化，其活性有效值仍受到较大损失，吸附能力大大降低，造成活性炭的浪费，为此，一些发达国家的科学家们曾就活性炭成型展开过深入的研究，最终由于实用效果不理想而放弃，同时，成型活性炭长时间置于室内是有害而无益的，业内专家证实，当活性炭吸附有毒害物质尤其是气体物质达到饱和状态时，在适宜环境条件下缓慢地将吸附的有毒害物质释放出来，称之为自动解吸过程，成为室内的一个新的污染源，这是环境保护所不允许的。因为传统活性炭本身并不具有降解和转化被吸附物质的功能，它只是一个物理吸附过程，而且活性炭都有一定的使用寿命。因此，这就要求人们尊重科学，实事求是地研制开发出一种符合科学规律、有针对性、有实用价值、真正环保型的治理室内空气污染的新产品。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：针对传统的活性炭在用于室内空气污染治理时利用率不高、吸附作用针对性不强、吸附能力随储存运输时间的延长而减弱、使用寿命短、易受水分子或其它次要气体分子干扰等不足之处，提供一种空气污染治理的吸附材料及其制备方法；本发明的吸附材料能有效吸附空气中的甲醛、甲苯、二甲苯、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳等有毒气体，而且还能有效抑制和杀灭空气中的病毒、病菌、螨虫等，有效抵抗水分子及其它次要气体分子的干扰，消化降解被吸附的有毒气体，如二氧化硫、二氧化氮气体等。并解决了储存运输时间影响吸附性能的问题，本发明的吸附材料功能多，具有很强的选择吸附功能，效果好，作用迅速持久，使用和处理方便，技术性能优良。
本发明采用的技术方案是：这种空气污染治理的吸附材料由活性炭或木炭与添加剂组成，重量份如下：活性炭或木炭50-100，添加剂0-50；添加剂采用硅胶体、次氯酸钙、无水硫酸铜、无水氯化钙或氧化钙等。
具体制备方法是：
①加温烘烤处理工艺：取上述活性炭或经研碎处理、比表面积较大的木炭，放入加温炉内升温烘烤处理，密封环境200-800℃，处理2-6小时；
②发爆处理工艺：将上述活性炭或木炭送入发爆装置进行发爆处理，密封容器中，增压至4-16个大气压强，然后瞬间减压，产生减压爆炸效果，可反复多次处理；
③真空处理工艺：将上述活性炭或木炭送入真空仓内进行真空处理，真空泵或其他方法抽空减压，可反复多次处理：
上述强化活化工艺的①、②、③可采用其中的任意一种或两种或三种全部；
④将上述活性炭或木炭与添加剂按组成配方调配好并混合均匀；
⑤将上述混合好的活性炭或木炭与添加剂混合料进行真空包装作外包装，可实行内外包装一体化或内外包装分装式组合。
本发明的实质性特点和显著效果：
1、本发明产品为粉末状或颗粒状的具有一定粒度的混合固体。根据“材料组成”配方添加的无毒害固体添加剂，能抵抗水分子及其它次要气体分子的干扰，即使是在空气湿度较大的或恶劣的环境中使用也不影响其效果和寿命，能抑制和杀灭空气中的病毒、病菌、螨虫等，能消化降解有毒气体如二氧化硫、二氧化氮等。用“强化活化工艺”处理能清除其它次要气体分子的干扰，排除吸附障碍，进一步打开吸附通道，从而使其具有很强的吸附针对性和优良的吸附性，提高活性炭的使用效果和利用率。
2、本发明产品属于不成型活性炭配合型产品。产品外形由包装来决定。并可利用包装来达到一定的装饰效果。
3、本发明产品使用方便，可摆放、可陈设、可挂可粘。使用后易处理。本身无毒害，使用后也无有毒物质生成，不会对空气造成二次污染。
4、本发明产品保持松散状态，木炭可作研碎处理，不增压、不成型，不使用液态物质作添加剂，保持着极大的比表面积，吸附作用迅速，吸附性能好，吸附值高，利用率高，实用性强。
5、本发明产品采用真空包装作外包装，储存、运输过程不影响其吸附性能。
6、本发明产品用在室内空气污染治理时，对室内空气中的主要污染气体如甲醛、甲苯、二甲苯及二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳等具有很好的吸附功能，对室内空气中的病毒、病菌、螨虫等有很好的抑制和杀灭功能，用在其它方面对其它物质同样具有很好的选择吸附效果。
7、本发明无需特殊装置，也无需用电，安全、高效、节能、健康，功能多，是一项造福人类的环保产品。
具体实施方式：
1、本发明材料组成、重量份：
活性炭或木炭：50-100，
添加剂：采用硅胶体、次氯酸钙、无水硫酸铜、无水氯化钙或氧化钙等：0-50
2、制作工艺：
①强化活化工艺：即三步活化法，将活性炭或木炭：
a、加温烘烤处理工艺。电加热或其它方法加热，密封环境200-800℃。处理2-6小时；
b、发爆处理工艺。密闭容器中，增压到4-16大气压强，然后瞬间减压，产生减压爆炸效果，类似爆米花装置及原理，可反复多次处理；
c、真空处理工艺。真空泵或其它方法抽空减压。可反复多次处理。
上述强化活化工艺的a、b、C三步活化法，其中a、b或C可单独或组合处理，均属于产生实质性效果的关键工艺。
②混合工艺：将上述经强化活化工艺处理的活性炭或木炭与添加剂硅胶体、次氯酸钙、无水硫酸铜、无水氯化钙或氧化钙按组成配方调配混合好。
③包装工艺
a、真空包装作外包装。采用不透气、密封性好的无毒害包装材料进行真空外包装。
b、可实行内外包装一体化，也可实行内外包装分装式组合。采用透气性良好的纸质、布质、丝质或化纤质作内包装材料。可制成各种形状、大小各异的几何形状或小饰物造型。内包装有效防止活性炭粉末或颗粒的扩散。如采用内外包装分装式组合包装时，外包装可采用方便造型的其它材料造型，以便使之能有一定的外形而具有一定的装饰功能。
C、可在包装表面上绘制或印制不同图案，可着色，着色颜料为无毒害水性、颜料，如内、外墙涂料用颜料，宣传广告用颜料及水彩、水粉用颜料。

Claims (1)

1.一种空气污染治理的吸附材料，其特征在于由活性炭或木炭与添加剂组成，重量份如下：活性炭或木炭50，添加剂50，添加剂采用硅胶体、次氯酸钙、无水硫酸铜、无水氯化钙或氧化钙，先将活性炭或木炭经强化活化工艺处理，然后与添加剂混合，最后进行真空外包装；所述强化活化工艺即三步活化法，具体是：将活性炭或木炭：
a.加温烘烤处理工艺：电加热或其它方法加热，密封环境200-800℃，处理2-6小时；
b.发爆处理工艺：密封容器中，增压至4-16个大气压强，然后瞬间减压，产生减压爆炸效果，可反复多次处理；
c.真空处理工艺：真空泵或其他方法抽空减压，可反复多次处理。
CNB2005100320246A 2005-08-17 2005-08-17 空气污染治理的吸附材料及其制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100391591C (zh)

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