WO2007006834A2 - Sistema y método para la inspección de estructuras micro y nanomecánica - Google Patents
Sistema y método para la inspección de estructuras micro y nanomecánica Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007006834A2 WO2007006834A2 PCT/ES2006/000405 ES2006000405W WO2007006834A2 WO 2007006834 A2 WO2007006834 A2 WO 2007006834A2 ES 2006000405 W ES2006000405 W ES 2006000405W WO 2007006834 A2 WO2007006834 A2 WO 2007006834A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q10/00—Scanning or positioning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for actively controlling the movement or position of the probe
- G01Q10/04—Fine scanning or positioning
- G01Q10/06—Circuits or algorithms therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y35/00—Methods or apparatus for measurement or analysis of nanostructures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q20/00—Monitoring the movement or position of the probe
- G01Q20/02—Monitoring the movement or position of the probe by optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q70/00—General aspects of SPM probes, their manufacture or their related instrumentation, insofar as they are not specially adapted to a single SPM technique covered by group G01Q60/00
- G01Q70/06—Probe tip arrays
Definitions
- the invention is related to the field of devices based on micro and nanomechanical structures, such as micro or nanocantilevers, micro or nanopuents, micro or nanomembranes, etc. STATE OF ART
- MEMS Microelectromechanical systems
- microcantilever-based devices are two relevant examples of this type of systems. If we mention some applications, MEMS accelerometers are used in scans and monitoring, detection in automobile airbags and inertial navigation. Similar technologies are used to monitor blood pressure. MEMS micro mirrors have been developed as photonic switches for the optical telecommunications sector; The micro mirrors can also be used for portable screens and laser placement applications. MEMS can also be used as transducers in biological and chemical sensors. There is also a wide range of applications based on microcantilevers, which can be considered as one of the simplest forms of MEMS.
- microcantilevers are used for sensitive mapping of attractive and repulsive forces on a nano-scale scale in atomic force microscopy (Y. Martin, CC. Williams and HK Wickramasinghe, "Atomic Forces Microscope-Forcé Mapping and Profiling on a sub 100 -A scale ", Journal of Applied Physics 61, pp. 4723-4729 (1987)), for biological and chemical sensors ultrasensitive nanomechanics (B. Ilic, D. Czaplewski, HG Cxa.xgh.ea.d f P. Neuzil, C. Campagnolo and C. Batt f "Mechanical resonant immunospecific biolog ⁇ cal detector", Applied Physics Letters 77, pp.
- the characterization of the shape, profile, movement, tension and effort of MEMS and microcantilevers plays an important role in the development and evolution of products.
- the measurement in real time of the shape, profile, movement, tension and / or effort is of great value to monitor the mechanical response, for example, of chemical and biological sensors that are based on the shape, profile, movement, tension or effort of a MEMS or micro or nanocantilevers.
- MEMS and microcantilever systems include cantilever-based systems provided with a fixed end and another mobile end; In these systems, what is normally detected is the displacement and / or movement of the "free" end. However, there are also systems based on cantilevers held by both ends; Then, the movement of the central part can be detected. In addition, there are other micro and nanomechanical structures that are mobile and flexible, such as doubly held vanes whose "easy" direction of movement corresponds to the torsion of the vane around the axis of the hinges that connect the vane to a frame (basically , just like a racket square fixed to a frame by two opposite handles of the racket, extending along an axis). Other known systems employ membranes that are connected to a frame by two groups of hinges, which allows two angular degrees of freedom.
- the surface of the micro or nanomechanical element is sensitized with receptors that selectively recognize the target substance.
- the placement of the target substance on the surface of the micro or nanomechanical element causes a change in the shape, profile, tension, stress and movement (vibration) of the mechanical element.
- This change is usually measured by measuring the displacement of a representative part of the mechanical element (usually it is the free end of a microcantilever fixed by a single end, but it can also be the center of a microcantilever fixed by both ends, a part of a membranous sheet , etc.).
- This displacement can be about 1-100 nanometers and, in many cases, it is necessary to obtain a resolution greater than 1 nm, depending on the application.
- Displacement there are several techniques such as capacitive detection, current tunnel based detection, optical interferometry, piezoresistant reading and the deflection technique of an optical beam.
- MEMS and microcantilever systems are disclosed, for example, in:
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a conventional prior art system for optical beam deflection.
- a light source 101 usually a laser source
- produces a light beam 102 usually a laser light beam, in the visible ultraviolet or infrared spectrum
- focused i.e., focused
- a position sensitive detector 105 such as a photodetector, for example, a segmented photodetector, a continuous position sensing photodetector, an array of photodetectors, a CCD, etc.
- a photodetector can be used
- optical beam deflection technique can be applied to other types of mechanical elements such as cantilevers fixed at both ends, membrane sheets, micro pallets, etc. It can also be
- This system is indicated to measure the static and mechanical behavior of mechanical elements such as ⁇ antilevers, for example, the maximum deflection, the average deflection value, the amplitude at a reference frequency (the element can be externally excited by a force of excitation that oscillates at the reference frequency), the phase of the movement with respect to the external excitation signal, the frequency, etc.
- Static displacement, amplitude, frequency, etc. that have been measured can then be related to an object that has to be measured and that interacts with the cantilever and with signals and / or procedures used to stimulate the object and / or cantilever.
- the technique described above is practical when the displacement / movement of a single part of a single mechanical element has to be measured.
- this technique cannot be applied to devices based on matrices composed of several mechanical elements in which the displacement / movement of each element must be measured.
- These devices offer multifunctionality and greater speed and / or more complete information than devices based on a single mechanical element.
- chemical and biological sensors based on microcantilever matrices can detect several substances by sensitizing each cantilever with a different receptor.
- the optical beam deflection technique as described above can solve deflections as small as 0.1 nm, the implementation of this technique for cantilever matrix readings has proved to be a complex issue. So far matrixes of light sources have been used and these sources have the same step as the cantilever matrix. The light sources are activated and deactivated individually, for the individual illumination of each cantilever of the matrix, and for the sequential reading of the deflection of each cantilever by means of a continuous position sensing photodetector (a type of sensor sensitive to the position). This type of system is revealed, for example, in HP Lang, et al., Applied Physics Letters, Volume 72, Number 3, January 19, 1998, p. 383-385, "Sequential Position Readout from Arrays of Micromechanical Cantilever Sensors".
- cantilever systems in which the displacement of a specific part of the cantilever has to be measured, or in which the curvature of the cantilever has to be measured, there may be mechanical structures such as sensitized membrane sheets in different regions for a different stimulus, so that to obtain information about each stimulus it is necessary to measure the displacement of each sensitized region of the mechanical structure.
- Laser-Doppler These techniques can be bulky and expensive and some use complex algorithms to get a picture of displacement and vibration. In addition, it is not always possible to simultaneously measure static and dynamic displacements using these techniques.
- the Laser-Doppler vibrometer measures the speed outside the plane of a point of the mechanical structure.
- DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION There are systems based on micro or nanomechanical elements in which the displacement or vibration of the micro or nanomechanical elements is measured in relation to an external object that interacts with the elements.
- chemical and biological sensors based on micro and nanomechanical elements are based on the fact that the adsorption of a substance on the surface of a mechanical element varies the characteristics of shape, profile, tension, stress and vibration of the mechanical element.
- This change is measured by measuring the displacement of the mechanical element at a specific and representative point, for example, a point near the free end of a cantilever held by a single end.
- This can be accurately measured using the technique of deflection of an optical beam, directing a laser beam to a point near the end of a cantilever. From the displacement of that point, it is possible to deduce, using theoretical models, the displacement of the entire mechanical element. However, these models assume ideal conditions and are not always applicable to real situations. It would be advantageous to be able to obtain real-time measurements of the displacement and movement of several selected positions of a mechanical structure or a region of interest of that structure.
- the curvature along the microcantilever is related to the adsorbed molecules on the microcantilever. To obtain the curvature, it is necessary to measure the displacement of several positions along the microcantilever. In other sensors based on more complex mechanical microstructures, profile measurements along several axes would provide more information on how the mechanical microstructure changes in response to the object to be measured.
- the applicant has considered that there is a need for a system and method that provides the detection of the displacement and vibration of several selected points of micro or nanomechanical elements along at least one direction or axis, and that use a single light source to detect the map or profile of : static displacement and vibration characteristics (amplitude, phase, frequency, etc.) of several elements that are part of a micro or nanomechanical structure, such as a one-dimensional or two-dimensional matrix .
- a first aspect of the invention is related to a surface inspection system arranged to detect relative displacement
- the system consists of: a light source (such as a laser source, for example, a laser diode) arranged to generate at least one beam of light (for example, a laser beam); a position sensitive detector (for example, a photodetector or something similar arranged to generate an output signal or a set of output signals that, on the one hand, depends on the position of an incident beam of light on said photodetector and, on the other hand, of W
- a light source such as a laser source, for example, a laser diode
- a position sensitive detector for example, a photodetector or something similar arranged to generate an output signal or a set of output signals that, on the one hand, depends on the position of an incident beam of light on said photodetector and, on the other hand, of W
- an electronic control system (which can be implemented in a personal computer or, for example, another type of programmable electronic device, such as a microcontroller or similar device);
- scanning means i.e. some type of scanning mechanism
- scanning means for the relative displacement of said beam of light with respect to the mechanical structure, to explore said mechanical structure with the beam of light, following the instructions of the system of
- the scanning means may include a means to move the light beam generator or part thereof and / or one or more mirrors and other light reflection devices, as well as the corresponding drive means to displace
- the electronic control system is arranged to control the scanning means in order to move the light beam along the mechanical structure following a first path in order to detect several subsequent reference positions. along that path.
- the electronic control system is operatively associated with the position sensitive detector in order to determine said
- the electronic control system is also responsible for controlling the scanning means to move the light beam along the mechanical structure following several second paths, each of said second paths associated with one of said reference positions (so that, for example, each second trajectory begins at said reference position or has a predetermined relationship with said reference position).
- the electronic control system also deals with obtaining, during the movement of the light beam along each of said second paths, several position signal outputs of said position sensitive detector. These position signal outputs can be used to determine the relative displacement and / or vibration characteristics of the corresponding points of the inspected structure.
- the electronic control system may be operatively associated with said position sensitive detector to determine said reference positions as a result of an analysis of the amplitude (eg, the position dependence of said amplitude) of at least one of said signals output of said position sensitive detector.
- the electronic control system can be operatively associated with said position sensitive detector to determine that a position is a reference position: when said position corresponds to a local maximum of the amplitude of at least one of said output signals of said position sensitive detector (which may be due to a total reflection of the beam
- the reference position can be chosen to correspond to a position equidistant from two 25 positions corresponding to local minimums in the intensity of reflected light, that is, to a position between the two spaces on the sides of a cantilever of an array of cantilevers).
- the output of said position sensitive detector may be indicative of the intensity of the light beam received by the position sensitive detector.
- the electronic control system can be configured to: 35. move the light beam along said first trajectory; upon detecting a reference position, interrupting the movement of the light beam along said first path and, instead, displacing the light beam along a second path corresponding to said reference position; subsequently, continue the movement of the light beam along said first path until a subsequent reference position is detected.
- the electronic control system can be configured to: move the light beam along said first path until reaching one end of said first path, while recording subsequent reference positions; then, after reaching the end of said first path, then moving the light beam along the second paths corresponding to the registered reference positions;
- the second paths can include a considerable number of points of each element or a region of each element in order to obtain a global plot of the surface of the slope, the displacement and / or vibration of said element or said region of said element .
- the first path can be, for example, a basically straight path in a first direction.
- the second paths can be, for example, basically straight paths in a direction basically perpendicular to the first path (an option that may be suitable when, for example, the objective is to detect the longitudinal curvature of the cantilevers arranged in parallel in a matrix of cantilevers)
- the second trajectories they can be, for example, basically straight paths in a direction basically parallel to the first path (this configuration may be appropriate when the objective is to measure the longitudinal curvature of the elements arranged one behind the other in their longitudinal direction, such as cantilevers arranged in holes subsequent on a silicon substrate or something similar, or when the objective is to detect the torsion around the longitudinal axis of several elements arranged in parallel, such as the vanes or cantilevers of a matrix).
- the first and / or the second trajectory can also be, for example, winding, zigzagging, sinusoidal and / or circular paths and can have any suitable relationship with the first trajectories.
- the mechanical structure can be, for example, a matrix of cantilevers; if so, then the elements can be the cantilevers of said matrix of cantilevers.
- the system can also be configured to store and / or treat the outputs of the position signals as data indicative of surface displacement
- Another aspect of the invention is related to a surface inspection method for detecting relative displacement (corresponding, for example, to an increase in the slope of a part or region of an element) and / or the vibration characteristics of several points. of various elements that are part of a mechanical structure, said method being formed by the phases of: directing a beam of light towards said mechanical structure and producing a relative displacement of said beam of light relative to the mechanical structure to explore said mechanical structure with the beam of light; receiving a reflected beam of light from said mechanical structure, with a position sensitive detector configured to generate at least one output signal in response to the reception of said beam of light (for example, a photodetector or a similar device configured to generate an output signal or set of output signals that, on the one hand, depends on the position of an incident light beam on said photodetector and, on the other, on the intensity of the light of the incident light beam); wherein the phase to produce a relative displacement of said beam of light relative to the mechanical structure is carried out so that the beam of light is displaced along the mechanical structure following a
- the method further comprises the detection phase of several subsequent reference positions along said first path, said reference positions being determined by analyzing at least one output signal of said sensitive detector to position.
- the production phase of a relative displacement of said beam of light in relation to the mechanical structure is further carried out to also move the beam of light through the mechanical structure along several second paths, each of said second being associated. trajectories with one of said reference positions.
- the method also includes obtaining, during the movement of the light beam along each W
- the reference positions can be determined by analyzing the amplitude (for example, the dependence of positions of said amplitude) of at least one of said output signals of said detector
- a position can be determined to be a reference position according to different criteria, for example: when said position corresponds to a maximum local of the amplitude of at least one of said output signals of said position sensitive detector ; when said position corresponds to a local minimum of the amplitude of at least one of said output signals of said position sensitive detector;
- the amplitude of at least one of said output signals of said position sensitive detector may be indicative of the intensity of the light beam received by the position sensitive detector.
- the phase of producing a relative displacement of said light beam in relation to the mechanical structure it can be carried out so that: the light beam travels through said first path / when a reference position is detected, the light beam movement of said first path is interrupted and, instead, the light beam travels by a second trajectory corresponding to said reference position; and, subsequently, the movement of the light beam continues along said first path, until a next reference position is detected, or the light beam moves along said first path until reaching one end of said first path, while recording positions subsequent reference; and then, after reaching the end of said first trajectory; The light beam is subsequently displaced by the second paths corresponding to the registered reference positions.
- the method may comprise the phase of storing and / or treating said position signal outputs as data indicative of the surface slope, displacement and / or vibration characteristics of a corresponding element of the mechanical structure, along the corresponding second paths. .
- a further aspect of the invention is related to a program, such as a computer program, comprising the program instructions to make a programmable electronic system (composed, for example, of a personal computer or other programmable electronic control means) carry carrying out the method of the invention, when the program is executed in said programmable electronic system.
- the system may further comprise the light source, the position sensitive detector and the scanning means, such as outlined above.
- the program can be incorporated into a recording medium (such as a magnetic or optical recording medium, such as a computer memory or a read-only memory) or can be performed on an electrical carrier signal.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a prior art system for cantilever reading based on the deflection technique of an optical beam to measure the deflection of microcantilevers.
- Figure 2 is a schematic view of a prior art system in which a laser beam is used to explore a matrix of microcantilevers.
- Figures 3A and 3B are a schematic view of an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of the displacement of the laser light reflected in the position sensitive detector, when the slope of the surface varies (for example, a region of a cantilever), using the technique of deflection of an optical beam.
- Figures 5A-5C illustrate an experiment based on the present invention.
- Figures 6A and 6B illustrate the curves obtained with an embodiment of the present invention, corresponding to real-time measurements of the absolute displacement of the cantilever end. (Figure 6A) and the radius of absolute curvature (Figure 6B) of several microcantilevers during the adsorption of MCH.
- Figure 7 shows the paths explored according to an experiment based on an embodiment of the invention.
- Figures 8A-8C show the output signals of the position sensitive detector corresponding to said experiment.
- Figures 9A-9D show different examples of 10 possible implementations of the first and second trajectories. DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
- Figure 3A illustrates a schematic view of an embodiment of the invention, in which a light source 1 composed of a laser diode is used to generate a laser beam 11 which is used to explore a micromechanical structure 5 formed by several cantilevers 51 , each provided with a fixed end and a free end.
- a position sensitive detector 2 formed by a photodetector is configured to receive the light beam after reflection in the cantilevers 51 and to generate three output signals, one with an amplitude that depends on the intensity of the light that falls on the detector 25 sensitive to position 2, and the other two with an amplitude that depends on the coordinates of the position where the light falls on said position sensitive detector.
- cantilevers 51 are differentiated from
- the laser diode 1 is mounted on a scanning device 4 to explore the laser beam 11 along different routes through the mechanical structure 5, basically in the XY plane defined by the cantilevers 51 (in its ideal unfolded position).
- the scanning device 4, in this embodiment of the invention is based on two linear perpendicular mobile coil impellers based on the Lorentz force between a tubular coil and a permanent magnet.
- Mobile coil impellers typically allow a range of motion of a few millimeters, speeds between 0.1 and several mm / s and an accuracy of 100 nm.
- other methods such as linear motors, piezoelectric impellers, etc. can be used.
- an intermediate mirror can be used to explore the laser beam by controlling the angle of inclination.
- the reflected laser beam is picked up by a position sensitive (photo) detector (PSD) that generates output signals indicative of the total light intensity and the position of the reflected point, that is, the point where the reflected laser beam strikes the relevant surface of the detector.
- PSD position sensitive
- it has an electronic control system 3 that is connected to the position sensitive detector to receive and analyze the output signals of said position sensitive detector 2 and to the scanning device 4 in order to control the monitoring device. scan 4, according to a program stored in said electronic control system.
- the position coordinates of the point reflected in the PSD are measured.
- the distance s * between the incidence on the position sensitive detector 2 of the laser beam HA before the increase of the slope and the laser beam HB after the increase of the slope are schematically illustrated in Figure 4.
- Changes in the angle of inclination in the plane formed by the incident and reflected laser beams and those of the perpendicular plane can be decoupled by measuring the coordinates of the laser point reflected on the position sensitive detector along an axis contained in the plane of incidence-reflection and the other perpendicular.
- the laser beam 11 is first scanned in a first direction (path A of Figure 3B) perpendicular to the matrix to illuminate the free ends of the cantilevers.
- the photocurrent maxima are obtained in the detector sensitive to the linear position 2 at the positions of the laser beam where the free ends of the cantilevers are illuminated.
- These positions which correspond to the local maximums of the photocurrents generated in the detector sensitive to position 2, are used as initial reference points (reference positions C in Figure 3B) to perform a second scan for each cantilever (second trajectories B) ..
- This process is automated and controlled by the electronic control system, performed on a personal computer (PC).
- the position signals (signals that identify the position of incidence of the laser beam reflected on the position sensitive detector) are read from the position sensitive detector and stored. This data can easily be used to obtain an estimate of the surface profile of the cantilevers 51 along the second paths B.
- each cantilever can be described by a function that depends on the coordinate along the length of the cantilever, z (x).
- the angle of inclination at each position x where the laser beam strikes is obtained dz / dx. Therefore, the position of the laser beam reflected on the PSD is described by, where the second summing explains the effect of the laser beam displacement and ⁇ is the angle between the incident laser beam and the cantilever at its resting position (cf. figure 4).
- This particular embodiment of the invention was applied to obtain the profile of five silicon cantilevers (400 ⁇ m long, 100 pm wide and 1 ⁇ m thick) belonging to a matrix during a W
- MCH 6-mercapto-l-hexanol
- Figure 5A shows a cross section of the silicon structure including silicon cantilevers 51 provided with a thick
- FIG. 5B shows the same structure as Figure 5A, but after adsorbing the MCH, whereby the cantilevers show a curved profile: the differential surface tension 25 between the gold and silicon surfaces causes the cantilever to bend and that there is a change in the radius of curvature.
- Figure 5C shows the measured profiles of the five microcantilevers that belong to a matrix before and after the adsorption of the MCH,
- the vertical axis represents the cantilever profile (in ⁇ m) and the horizontal axis represents the longitudinal distance along the cantilever from the root of each cantilever (also in ⁇ m).
- the dashed lines represent the profile before the adsorption of MCH and the lines Continuous represent the profile after adsorption of MCH.
- the separation between the cantilevers was 250 ⁇ m.
- the profiles of the five microcantilevers can be measured in real time and can be obtained in less than a second, a time much shorter than the normal time taken by surface reactions and molecular adsorption (in the order of minutes). Therefore, by means of the invention, it is possible to measure the evolution of the cantilever profile during molecular adsorption and it is possible to obtain in real time parameters such as the displacement of the cantilever ends and the radius of curvature.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B schematically show the real-time experimental measurements of the absolute displacement of the cantilever ends
- the cantilever profile is obtained by applying equation 1 by processing the data obtained from the position sensitive detector by means of the electronic control system during the second trajectories.
- the position dependence of the position sensitive detector outputs can be filtered, smoothed, derived and integrated using numerical algorithms.
- relevant data such as the cantilever profile, the average curvature, the local curvature at some points of interest, the displacement of the free end of the cantilever and other parts, the change of slope at several points along the cantilever, etc. can be obtained quickly in real time by properly programming the control system electronic, a task that can easily be done by the person specialized in the subject.
- the technique provides absolute values of the cantilever profile, rather than relative variations of the local slope.
- the present invention provides absolute cantilever profiles.
- the cantilever can be processed independently of the device comprising the optical detection system.
- each of the cantilevers that are part of a dense matrix receives a function with a receptor (proteins or nucleic acids).
- the cantilever matrix is processed with the sample to be measured (for example, the RNA or the protein product of a set of cells or tissue). After exposing the cantilevers to the sample and the washing phases, the cantilever matrix can be reassembled on the device to measure the profile of each cantilever to compare the new profile with the original profile.
- the change of profile can be related to the amount of genes expressed or the proteins existing in the cells or tissues analyzed.
- the reference positions (C) were determined in correspondence with the positions that gave the maximum light intensity reflected in the position sensitive detector (the positions are illustrated as "suns” in Figure 7), which corresponded to the light reflection of the free ends of the cantilevers. Associated with these reference positions, an area associated with each microcantilever is explored by performing several parallel scans (paths B of Figure 7) along the long axis of the cantilevers. The exploration along the first trajectory and the second trajectories are represented by a dashed line and continuous lines, respectively, in Figure 7.
- Figures 8A-8C show the measured output signals of the position sensitive detector as a function of the relative positions of the light laser beam obtained during scanning along the trajectories B of Figure 7.
- the trajectories B were selected to explore three cantileveré that belonged to the matrix.
- the position sensitive detector used was a linear photodetector sensitive to the two-dimensional position that provided three electrical outputs, one that is approximately proportional to the intensity of the light that illuminates the photodetector and the other two that are approximately proportional to the coordinates (a along the orthogonal axes of the photodetector surface) of the centroid of the light that illuminates the photodetector.
- FIG. 8A The map of the output indicative of the total reflected light intensity of each microcantilever is shown in Figure 8A (the scale to the right of the figure shows the total intensity output of the position sensitive detector in mV).
- Figure 8B shows a map of the output signal of the position sensitive detector corresponding to the coordinates of the beam of light reflected on the axis and of the position sensitive detector (the scale to the right of Figure 8B represents the output of the axis and from the sensitive sensor to the position in mV).
- the position sensitive detector is configured so that its y axis and the longitudinal axis of the cantilevers are both in the plane formed by the incident and reflected beams of light. Therefore, the y-axis output is indicative of the slope along the longitudinal axis of the cantilevers.
- Figure 8C shows a map of the output signal of the position sensitive detector corresponding to the x coordinate of the light beam reflected in the position sensitive detector (the scale on the right represents the output corresponding to the x axis in mV) .
- This signal is indicative of the deformation (torsion) or cantilever slope perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
- the data indicates that there is a significant torsional formation of cantilevers. Naturally, a large number of different paths can be selected for the first and second paths.
- Figure 9A shows a first example of said trajectories, similar to those mentioned above, that is, performing a scan in a first direction according to the first path A and then making the second paths B perpendicular to the first direction.
- the "suns” illustrate the points corresponding to the "maximum reflection” of the light beam and, therefore, to a maximum amplitude of the photocurrents generated in the position sensitive detector).
- Figure 9B shows an alternative embodiment, in which the reference positions are offset from the positions covered by the first path A
- This embodiment may be useful for obtaining a surface map of the displacement and / or vibration of the mechanical elements 51.
- Figure 9C shows a further embodiment in which a "U" shaped scan is carried out along the first path A and where the second paths are perpendicular to the first path in the "outward" direction.
- Figure 9D shows an embodiment in which the second paths B are parallel to the said first trajectory A and, in fact, coincide with parts of said first trajectory.
- This option may be interesting, for example, when the mechanical elements are separate cantilevers arranged in subsequent holes in a substrate along the first path, or where the mechanical elements 51, as illustrated in Figure 9D, are hinged devices located in parallel along the first trajectory, by which it is intended to measure the torsion of these devices.
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2006800330522A CN101278357B (zh) | 2005-07-14 | 2006-07-13 | 用于对微机械及纳米机械结构进行检验的系统及方法 |
JP2008520899A JP4841629B2 (ja) | 2005-07-14 | 2006-07-13 | マイクロ機械的構造とナノ機械的構造の表面検査のためのシステムと方法 |
CA002626230A CA2626230A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2006-07-13 | System and method for surface inspection of micro and nanomechanical structures |
US11/988,737 US7978344B2 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2006-07-13 | System and method for the inspection of micro and nanomechanical structures |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EPEP05380157.7 | 2005-07-14 | ||
EP05380157.7A EP1744325B1 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2005-07-14 | System and method for surface inspection of micro and nanomechanical structures |
Publications (3)
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WO2007006834A2 true WO2007006834A2 (es) | 2007-01-18 |
WO2007006834A3 WO2007006834A3 (es) | 2007-05-03 |
WO2007006834A8 WO2007006834A8 (es) | 2008-07-24 |
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PCT/ES2006/000405 WO2007006834A2 (es) | 2005-07-14 | 2006-07-13 | Sistema y método para la inspección de estructuras micro y nanomecánica |
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US (1) | US7978344B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1744325B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP4841629B2 (es) |
CN (1) | CN101278357B (es) |
CA (1) | CA2626230A1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2546789T3 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2007006834A2 (es) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2053400A1 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2009-04-29 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Method and system for detection of a selected type of molecules in a sample |
EP2348132A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 | 2011-07-27 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Method for the bioanalysis of nucleic acid molecules in a sample and biosensor for its implementation |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007025240A1 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Nambition Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Untersuchung biologischer Systeme und Festkörpersystem |
DE102010053750A1 (de) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-07 | Prüftechnik Dieter Busch AG, 85737 | Verstellverfahren und Verstelleinrichtung für die Lichtquelle eines Ausrichtgerätes |
US8939041B2 (en) * | 2011-02-10 | 2015-01-27 | Hysitron, Inc. | Nanomechanical testing system |
KR101110243B1 (ko) | 2011-08-16 | 2012-03-13 | 주식회사 수텍 | 멀티형 led 스트로보스코프 장치 |
GB201705613D0 (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-05-24 | Infinitesima Ltd | Scanning probe system |
US11754437B2 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2023-09-12 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Measuring deflection to determine a dynamic characteristic of a cantilever |
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WO2000075627A1 (en) * | 1999-06-05 | 2000-12-14 | Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. | Atomic force microscope and driving method therefor |
WO2004046689A2 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-06-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | System and method for multiplexed biomolecular analysis |
EP1575058A1 (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2005-09-14 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | System and method for detecting the displacement of a plurality of micro- and nanomechanical elements, such as micro-cantilevers |
US20060075803A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-04-13 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Polymer-based cantilever array with optical readout |
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US75627A (en) * | 1868-03-17 | cochran | ||
US1575058A (en) * | 1924-07-17 | 1926-03-02 | Theodore G Johnson | Mop |
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US5274230A (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1993-12-28 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Scanning probe microscope having first and second optical waveguides |
KR100517243B1 (ko) | 1999-11-03 | 2005-09-28 | 인터내셔널 비지네스 머신즈 코포레이션 | 센서 시스템, pH 미터 및 타겟 물질 검출 방법 |
GB0019825D0 (en) * | 2000-08-12 | 2000-09-27 | Secr Defence | Signal processing |
AU2003243165A1 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-10 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Integrated nanomechanical sensor array chips |
-
2005
- 2005-07-14 ES ES05380157.7T patent/ES2546789T3/es active Active
- 2005-07-14 EP EP05380157.7A patent/EP1744325B1/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-07-13 WO PCT/ES2006/000405 patent/WO2007006834A2/es active Application Filing
- 2006-07-13 JP JP2008520899A patent/JP4841629B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-07-13 CA CA002626230A patent/CA2626230A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-07-13 CN CN2006800330522A patent/CN101278357B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-07-13 US US11/988,737 patent/US7978344B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2000075627A1 (en) * | 1999-06-05 | 2000-12-14 | Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. | Atomic force microscope and driving method therefor |
WO2004046689A2 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-06-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | System and method for multiplexed biomolecular analysis |
EP1575058A1 (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2005-09-14 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | System and method for detecting the displacement of a plurality of micro- and nanomechanical elements, such as micro-cantilevers |
US20060075803A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-04-13 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Polymer-based cantilever array with optical readout |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2053400A1 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2009-04-29 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Method and system for detection of a selected type of molecules in a sample |
US8956813B2 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2015-02-17 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Method and system for detection of a selected type of molecules in a sample |
EP2348132A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 | 2011-07-27 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Method for the bioanalysis of nucleic acid molecules in a sample and biosensor for its implementation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2546789T3 (es) | 2015-09-28 |
US20090207404A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
EP1744325B1 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
WO2007006834A8 (es) | 2008-07-24 |
CN101278357A (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
EP1744325A1 (en) | 2007-01-17 |
WO2007006834A3 (es) | 2007-05-03 |
CN101278357B (zh) | 2012-02-22 |
JP2009501327A (ja) | 2009-01-15 |
JP4841629B2 (ja) | 2011-12-21 |
US7978344B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 |
CA2626230A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
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