WO2007004504A1

WO2007004504A1 - Rolling guide device and method of manufacturing the same

Info

Publication number: WO2007004504A1
Application number: PCT/JP2006/312979
Authority: WO
Inventors: Takeki Shirai
Original assignee: Thk Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2005-06-30
Filing date: 2006-06-29
Publication date: 2007-01-11
Also published as: JP4804461B2; JPWO2007004504A1

Abstract

A rolling guide device easily manufacturable at low cost by reducing the number of parts forming a slide member (2) and reducing man-hours for machining the slide member. The slide member (2) is formed in a channel shape so as to have a lateral web (20) and a pair of flange parts (21), a pair of ball passing holes (24) with an inner diameter larger than the diameter of balls are formed through each of the flanges (21), and a load straight groove (31) in which the balls (3) roll while carrying a load with the rolling groove (10) of a track rail (1) is formed in the inner surface of each of the flanges. A circulation passage forming member (4) circulating the balls (3) rollingly moved in the load straight groove (31) onto the outer surface of each of the flange parts (21) through one ball through hole (24) and circulating them again to the load straight groove (31) through the other ball through hole (24) is fitted to each of the flanges (21).

Description

Rolling guide device and manufacturing method thereof

Technical field

[0001] The present invention is a rolling assembly in which a track rail and a slide member are assembled via a large number of balls, and an object to be mounted fixed to the slide member can freely reciprocate along the track rail. In particular, a rolling guide device in which the slide member has an infinite circulation path for the ball, and the slide member can continuously move along the track rail while circulating the ball infinitely, and a method for manufacturing the same. It is about.

Background art

In a work table of a machine tool and a linear guide portion of various conveying devices, a rolling guide device in which a slide member mounted with a movable body such as a table continuously moves along a track rail is frequently used. In this type of rolling guide device, the slide member is assembled to the track rail via a large number of balls, and the ball rolls between the slide member and the track rail while applying a load, thereby allowing the slide to slide. The movable body mounted on the member can be moved lightly with very little resistance along the track rail. Further, the slide member is provided with an infinite circulation path of the ball, and the slide member can continuously move along the track rail by circulating the ball in the infinite circulation path. It has become.

[0003] The raceway rail is formed with a ball rolling groove along the longitudinal direction, while the slide member is formed with a load rolling groove facing the ball rolling groove of the track rail. A load rolling path of the ball is formed by the ball rolling groove on the track rail side and the load rolling groove on the slide member side. That is, the ball is configured to contact the ball rolling groove on the track rail side and the load rolling groove on the slide member side, and roll while applying a load acting between them. In addition, an unloaded rolling passage is formed in the slide member in parallel with the loaded rolling groove, and both ends of the unloaded rolling passage are formed by a pair of direction changing paths formed in an arc shape. Connected with the runway! The ball is released from the load at the end of the load rolling path, and the ball rolling groove force separation of the track rail is released. Take off and enter the direction change path, and roll from this direction change path to the no-load rolling path. In addition, the ball that has rolled in the no-load rolling path is returned to the ball rolling groove of the track rail through the opposite direction change path, and rolls in the loaded rolling path again while applying a load. The In this way, the slide member has an infinite circulation path of the ball that is continuous with the loaded rolling path, the direction changing path, the no-load rolling path, and the direction changing path, and the ball force S circulates through the infinite circulation path. However, by repeating the load state and the no-load state, the slide member can move continuously along the rail rail without any stroke limitation.

[0004] Conventionally, the slide member is composed of a block body made of hardenable steel and a pair of synthetic resin end caps fixed to both front and rear end faces of the block body. In manufacturing the block body, first, a rough shape is formed by drawing, then a mounting surface of the movable body, a tap hole for fastening a fixing bolt, and a through-hole serving as the no-load rolling passage In addition, it is necessary to grind the loaded rolling groove. Further, the end cap is provided with a scooping portion for separating the ball, such as the rolling groove of the orbital rail or the above-described direction change path, and is formed by injection molding of a synthetic resin. Then, by accurately fixing the end caps to the front and rear end surfaces of the block body, the end of the load rolling passage and the end of the no-load rolling passage are connected by a direction change path, and the ball endless A slide member having a circulation path is completed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-009264, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-53459, etc.) Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-009264

Patent Document 2: Actual Fair 4 53459

Disclosure of the invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

[0005] However, such a conventional rolling guide device has a problem in that the processing accuracy of the block body constituting the slide member is large, and the reliability of the processing accuracy is easily impaired. In addition, due to the large number of processing steps for the block body, an end cap is required to form an infinite circuit for the ball, and the manufacturing cost of the slide member increases due to the increase in the number of processing steps and the number of parts. There was a problem that it would end up. Force tl in an infinite circuit In order to achieve smooth circulation of the ball, it was necessary to attach the end cap to the block body with high precision, and there was a problem that it took time and effort to assemble the slide member.

Means for solving the problem

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and the object of the present invention is to reduce the number of parts and reduce the number of processing steps when forming a slide member. An object of the present invention is to provide a rolling guide device that can be manufactured easily and inexpensively and that can improve the reliability of processing accuracy, and a method for manufacturing the same.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, a rolling guide device according to the present invention is assembled to a track rail in which a rolling groove of a ball is formed along a longitudinal direction and the track rail via a large number of balls. And a slide member to be attached. This slide member has a lateral web and a pair of flange portions erected from the lateral web, and is formed in a channel shape. A pair of ball through holes each having an inner diameter larger than the ball diameter is formed in each flange portion at a predetermined interval, and penetrates in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the track rail, and the inner surface of each flange portion. Alternatively, on the outer surface, a load straight groove is formed between the pair of ball through holes so that the ball rolls while applying a load to and from the raceway rolling groove. In addition, a circulation path forming member is attached to each flange portion, and the ball rolling on the straight load groove is circulated to the back surface of the flange portion through one ball passage hole, and the other side is circulated. It is configured to circulate again through the load straight groove through the ball through hole.

[0008] In forming the slide member in a channel shape, a predetermined cross-sectional shape may be given by using a steel drawing process in the same manner as the conventional block body described above, and bending force may be applied to the metal plate member. It is also possible to give a channel-like shape by giving a twist and bending a pair of flange portions against the horizontal web.

[0009] The ball circulates between the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the flange portion to be applied through a pair of ball through holes formed in the flange portion of the slide member. The ball through hole is formed so as to penetrate the flange portion in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the track rail, so that the depth of the forceful ball through hole can be easily drilled into the flange portion. Is possible. In addition, it is formed on one surface of the flange between these ball holes The loaded straight groove can be easily and accurately formed by cutting using an end mill or the like.

[0010] In particular, if the slide member is formed by bending the metal plate member, the ball through hole is extremely easily made into the flange portion before the flange portion is bent with respect to the lateral web. It is possible to perforate. In addition, the load straight groove can be easily and accurately formed by cutting using an end mill or the like, even if it is a flat metal plate member before bending. It is. In other words, the ball through hole and the load straight groove can be easily formed on a flat metal plate member, and the metal plate member is further bent so that the flange portion is formed on the horizontal web. By bending up, a channel-shaped slide member having a track groove in a pair of flange portions can be easily formed.

On the other hand, the circulation path forming member attached to each flange portion of the slide member can be formed as one part by using synthetic resin injection molding or metal injection molding. An infinite circulation path of balls is constructed on the slide member simply by attaching the circulation path forming member to each flange portion.

[0012] Therefore, in combination with the above-described ease of processing of the slide member, it is possible to easily and inexpensively provide an infinite circulation path for the ball against the powerful slide member. Further, since the number of processing steps for the slide member is small, it is possible to increase the reliability of the final processing accuracy of the slide member.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of a rolling guide apparatus to which the present invention is applied.

2 is a front sectional view of the rolling guide device shown in FIG.

3 is an enlarged sectional view showing an infinite circulation path of balls in the rolling guide device shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a state where the circulation path forming member is separated from the flange portion of the slide member.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V—V in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a method for manufacturing a slide member. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a load straight groove is cut into the flange portion of the slide member.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of a rolling guide device to which the present invention is applied. Explanation of symbols

[0014] 1 ... Track rail, 2 ... Slide member, 3 ... Ball, 4 ... Circuit path forming member, 5 ... Metal plate member, 10 ... Rolling groove, 20 ... Transverse web, 21 ... · Flange, 24 ··· Ball through hole, 31 ··· Load straight groove, 33 ··· No load straight groove

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the rolling guide device of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a first embodiment of a rolling guide device to which the present invention is applied. The rolling guide device according to the first embodiment is assembled to the track rail 1 with a long track rail 1 having a substantially rectangular cross section and a channel shape and a large number of balls 3. The slide member 2 is attached, and the slide member 2 is configured to freely reciprocate on the track rail 1 so as to straddle the track rail 1.

[0017] On both side surfaces of the track rail 1, one rolling groove 10 for the ball 3 is formed along the longitudinal direction. The rolling groove 10 has two rolling surfaces where the ball 3 rolls at an angle of 90 °, and the cross section has a so-called Gothic arch shape. Therefore, the ball 3 contacts the rolling groove at two points, and the contact direction is inclined by 45 ° with respect to the bottom surface of the track rail 1. In addition, a plurality of bolt mounting holes 11 are formed through the track rail 1 at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction, and the track rail 1 is attached to the beds and columns of various machines using the powerful bolt mounting holes 11. It can be attached to fixed parts such as.

On the other hand, the slide member 2 has a lateral web 20 and a pair of flange portions 21 and 21 orthogonal to the lateral web 20 and is formed in a channel shape. As shown in FIG. It straddles the track rail through a gap. That is, the track rail 1 is located between the pair of flange portions 21 and 21 of the slide member 2. The upper surface of the horizontal web 20 is a mounting surface 22 of a movable body such as a table, and a tapped hole into which a mounting screw is screwed into the horizontal web 20 that is applied. 23 is formed.

A load straight groove 31 facing the rolling groove 10 of the track rail 1 is formed on the inner surface of the flange portion 21 of the slide member 2 facing the side surface of the track rail 1 with a slight gap. Thus, the ball 3 interposed between the track rail 1 and the slide member 2 rolls between the rolling groove 10 and the load linear groove 31 while applying a load. The cross section of the load straight groove 31 is formed in a Gothic arch shape, and the ball 3 is in contact with the load straight groove 31 at two points. The contact direction of the ball 3 and the load straight groove 31 is inclined by 45 degrees up and down with respect to the normal direction of the inner surface of the flange portion 21 (left and right direction in FIG. 2). Any load acting in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction can be applied between the track rail 1 and the slide member 2.

In addition, a circulation path forming member 4 is fitted to each flange portion 21 of the slide member 2, and the endless circulation path of the ball 3 is obtained by mounting the circulation path forming member 4 on each flange portion 21. Is provided in each flange portion 21. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an infinite circulation path of the ball 3 provided in each flange portion 21, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the circulation path forming member 4 is separated from the flange portion 21.

In order to make it possible to mount the circulation path forming member 4, a pair of ball through holes 24 are formed in the flange portion 21 of the slide member 2 at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the track rail 1. Yes. The ball through hole 24 penetrates between the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the flange portion 21, and as shown in FIG. 5, the cross section has the shape of a long hole extending in the longitudinal direction of the track rail 1. Yes. The load straight groove 31 is formed between the pair of ball through holes 24, 24 on the inner surface of the flange portion 21. On the other hand, an unloaded straight groove 33 is formed between the pair of ball through holes 24 on the outer surface of the flange portion 21. The unloaded straight groove 33 is formed with a width slightly larger than the diameter of the ball 3 and a depth slightly larger than the diameter of the ball 3! RU

[0022] The ball 3 travels between the inner surface and the outer surface of the flange portion 21 via the ball passage hole 24, and is formed on the outer surface and the load straight groove 31 formed on the inner surface of the flange portion 21. It circulates indefinitely between the no-load straight groove 33. That is, each flange portion 21 has a central wall 2 surrounded by a pair of ball through holes 24, 24, a load straight groove 31 and a no-load straight groove 33. 5 exists, and the ball 3 circulates infinitely around the central wall 25. In addition, convex curved inner guide surfaces 26 are formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the central wall 25, and the smooth movement of the ball 3 between the load straight groove 31 and the no-load straight groove 33 is provided. It is illustrated.

[0023] The circulation path forming member 4 includes a pair of direction changing portions 40 that fit into the ball through holes 24, and a passage cover portion that is provided with the direction changing portions 40 and that covers the no-load linear groove 33. 41, and the direction changing portion 40 and the passage cover portion 41 are integrally formed by injection molding of synthetic resin. The passage cover portion 41 is formed in a flat plate shape, and is fitted into and covers the unloaded straight groove 33, and the ball return passage through which the ball 3 rolls in an unloaded state is provided as the unloaded straight groove 33. Formed together with. Further, the direction changing portion 40 has an end portion of the center wall 25 of the slide member 2, that is, a concave curved outer guide surface 42 facing the inner guide surface 26, and the inner guide surface 26 and the outer guide surface. The face 42 and each other face each other, thereby forming a turning path that changes the traveling direction of the ball 3 by 180 degrees. The outer guide surface 42 is smoothly continuous with the inner surface of the passage cover portion 41 so that the ball 3 can smoothly travel between the direction change path and the ball return path.

[0024] Further, at the tip of the direction changing portion 40, a raising portion 43 is formed to raise and separate the ball 3 rolling on the rolling groove 10 of the track rail 1 from the rolling groove 10. RU The 部上げ raised portion 43 slightly protrudes the inner surface force of the flange portion 21, and when the slide member 2 is assembled to the track rail 1, the rake portion 42 is inserted into the rolling groove 10 of the track rail 1. Thus, the rolling of the ball 3 in the powerful rolling groove 10 is blocked, and the ball 3 is guided to the direction change path.

The circulation path forming member 4 can be formed not only by injection molding of synthetic resin but also by metal injection molding (MIM).

[0026] The circulation path forming member 4 having such a structure is positioned with respect to the forceful flange portion 21 by fitting the direction changing portion 40 to the ball passage hole 24 of the flange portion 21. An infinite circulation path of the ball 3 is completed around the central wall 25. The circulation path forming member 4 can be fixed to the flange portion 21 by using a fixing screw (not shown) .1S Is it a viewpoint of reducing the number of parts constituting the slide member 2 and saving the assembly work? Therefore, when the direction changing portion 40 is fitted into the ball passage hole 24, the direction changing portion 40 to be applied is locked to the flange portion 21, and the circulation path forming member 4 and the flange portion 21 are separated. Preferred to be configured to prevent.

When the slide member 2 is moved along the track rail 1, the ball 3 sandwiched between the rolling groove 10 of the track rail 1 and the load straight groove 31 of the slide member 2 is changed into the track rail 1. Moves in the load straight groove 31 at a speed of 0.5V, which is half the moving speed V of the slide member 2 with respect to. When the ball 3 rolling in the load straight groove 31 reaches just before the ball through hole 24, the inner guide surface 26 is formed at the end of the center wall 25, so that the load force is gradually released. Load force The released ball 3 is pushed by the succeeding ball 3 as it is, and the force that travels in the rolling groove 10 of the rail 1 as it is. The rolling groove is formed by the scooping portion 43 of the circulation path forming member 4. It is removed from 10 and passes through the ball through hole 24 in an unloaded state while being guided by the direction changing portion 40. The ball 3 that has passed through the ball passage hole 24 enters an unloaded straight groove 33 formed on the outer surface of the flange portion 21, and after rolling in the unloaded straight groove 33 in an unloaded state, the other ball thread is passed through. It circulates again through the hole 24 to the load straight groove 31 formed on the inner surface of the flange portion 21. The ball 3 circulates around the central wall 25 formed in the flange portion 21 of the slide member 2 in this way, and accordingly, the slide member 2 continuously moves along the track rail 1 without interruption. Is possible.

Next, a method for manufacturing the slide member 2 will be described.

The slide member 2 is formed by bending a metal plate member 5 such as a flat steel plate into a channel shape, and the ball through hole 24, the load linear groove 31, the no-load linear groove 33 before being bent. The inner guide surface 26, the tap hole 23, etc. are processed.

First, the flat metal plate member 5 is divided into regions corresponding to the horizontal web 20 and the pair of flange portions 21, 21, and as shown in FIG. 6, regions corresponding to the flange portions 21 are formed. On the other hand, a pair of ball through holes 24, 24 are formed penetrating at a predetermined interval. Next, a load straight groove 31, a no-load straight groove 33 and an inner guide surface 26 are formed between the pair of ball through holes 24, 24. The load straight groove 31 is formed with respect to the surface serving as the inner surface of the flange portion 21, and the no-load straight groove 33 is formed relative to the surface serving as the outer surface of the flange portion 21. As shown in Fig. 7, these loaded straight groove, unloaded straight groove and inner guide surface are Can be formed by Scaroe. At this time, the depth of the load linear groove 31 and the no-load linear groove 33 can be adjusted with high accuracy by numerical control of the processing machine, and the curvature of the inner guide surface can also be adjusted with high accuracy. .

[0031] When the processing of the ball through hole 24, the load straight groove 31 and the no-load straight groove 33 is completed with respect to the metal plate member 5, the metal plate member 5 is tapped with respect to the region corresponding to the lateral web 20. The hole 23 is processed, and a bending reference groove 27 having a substantially V-shaped cross section is formed at the boundary portion between the lateral web 20 and the flange portion 21. By forming the bending-over reference groove 27, the flange portion 21 can be accurately bent with respect to the transverse web 20. If the flange portion 21 where the plate thickness of the metal plate member 5 is thin can be bent with sufficient accuracy, it is not necessary to form such a bending-through reference groove 27.

Next, in order to improve the wear resistance of the load straight groove 31 against the rolling of the ball 3, a surface hardening process is performed on the region corresponding to the flange portion 21 of the metal plate member 5. As this surface hardening treatment, induction hardening, carburizing hardening, nitriding treatment or the like can be used. In the case where the metal plate member 5 is distorted by the quenching process, a finishing process may be performed on the loaded straight groove 31 and the unloaded straight groove 33 by using a carbide end mill or the like after the quenching process.

[0033] Further, instead of performing the surface hardening treatment of the flange portion 21 after forming the load straight groove 31, the load straight groove 31, the no-load straight groove 33, and the ball threading are performed on the quenched metal plate member 5. You may make it form the hole 24 grade | etc.,. In this case, it is possible to accurately form a load straight groove having sufficient hardness by processing the carbide end mill while applying high speed rotation of 100 OOrpm or more.

[0034] Then, when the surface hardening treatment of the load straight groove 31 is completed in this way, the both ends of the metal plate member 5 in which the track groove 30 is formed are bent as shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. Then, the pair of flange portions 21 and 21 are caused to rise vertically with respect to the lateral web 20. Thereafter, when the circulation path forming member 4 is attached to each flange portion 21, the slide member 2 having a substantially channel cross section having the infinite circulation path of the ball 3 is completed.

[0035] The slide member in the conventional rolling guide device uses a die for the rod-shaped steel material. After the drawing process, the loaded rolling groove on which the ball rolls is ground with a mortar, and the ball return hole is drilled in parallel with the loaded rolling groove. Was necessary. However, the slide member 2 in the rolling guide device of the present invention configured as described above is subjected to cutting and bending with relatively low labor and cost on the metal plate member 5, and further, a circulation path forming member. 4 can complete the slide member 2 with the infinite circulation path of the ball 3, and the rolling guide device that allows the slide member 2 to move infinitely along the track rail 1 can be easily and inexpensively. It is possible to produce. Further, since the number of processing steps for the slide member 2 is reduced, it is possible to increase the reliability of the processing accuracy.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of the rolling guide device to which the present invention is applied. In the first embodiment described above, the channel-shaped slide member is formed by bending the metal plate member. However, in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 8, after forming the channel-shaped slide member 7 by drawing the rod-shaped steel material, the ball is passed through the flange portion 21 of the sliding member 7 which is applied. The slide member 2 having an infinite circulation path for the ball 3 is completed by forming the hole 24, the load linear groove 31 and the no-load linear groove 33 and further mounting the circulation path forming member 4. Since the slide member 7 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except that the slide member 7 is formed by drawing a steel material, the common configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment in FIG. The same reference numerals are given, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.

In the example of the rolling guide device of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 8, the rolling groove 10 of the ball 3 is a force track formed by only one strip on each side of the track rail 1. Two rolling grooves are formed on each side of the rail 1, and two load straight grooves 31 corresponding to the rolling grooves 10 are formed on the slide members 2 and 7. It ’s okay!

Further, in the example of the rolling guide device of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 8, the slide member 2 formed in a channel shape extends along the track rail 1 in a state of straddling the track rail 1. The track rail is formed in a larger channel shape than the slide member, and the slide member 2 formed in the channel shape moves in the groove provided in the striking track rail. It may be configured. In that case, the load straight groove 31 is formed on the slide member 2 with a flange. Although it is formed on the outer surface that is not on the inner surface of the lung portion 21, it is sufficient to make the bending direction of the metal plate member 5 shown in Fig. 6 opposite to the direction shown in the figure. It is not necessary to change the configuration of the straight groove 33 and the ball through hole 24.

Claims

The scope of the claims

[1] A track rail (1) in which a rolling groove (10) of a ball (3) is formed along the longitudinal direction, a transverse web (20), and a pair of flanges (21) ) And a slide member (2) assembled to the track rail (1) via a number of balls (3),

In each flange portion (21), a pair of ball through holes (24) having an inner diameter larger than the ball diameter is formed to penetrate at a predetermined interval in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the track rail (1). On the surface of each flange portion (21), the ball (3) rolls between the pair of ball passage holes (24) while applying a load to the rolling groove (10) of the track rail (1). A load straight groove (31) is formed, and

In each flange portion (21), the ball (3) rolling on the load straight groove (31) is circulated to the back surface of the flange portion (21) through one ball through hole (24), A rolling guide device characterized in that a circulation path forming member (4) for circulating through the load straight groove (31) again through the other ball passage hole (24) is mounted.

[2] The circulation path forming member (4) disengages the rolling groove (10) force ball (3) of the track rail (1) and on the back side of the flange portion (21) of the slide member (2). A pair of direction changing portions (40) to be circulated, and a passage cover portion (41) for rolling the ball (3) in an unloaded state on the back side of the powerful flange portion (21),

The circulation path forming member (4) is positioned on the flange portion (21) by fitting the direction changing portion (40) into the ball passage hole (24) of the flange portion (21). The rolling guide device according to claim 1.

[3] On the back side of the flange portion (21) of the slide member (2), a no-load straight groove (33) is formed between the pair of ball passage holes (24). The rolling guide device according to claim 2, wherein a no-load passage of the ball (3) is configured by a combination of the passage cover portion (41) of the circulation passage forming member (4).

4. The rolling guide device according to claim 1, wherein the slide member (2) is formed by bending a metal plate member (5).

[5] The track rail (1) has a pair of flange portions (21) by bending a metal plate member (5). 2. The rolling guide device according to claim 1, wherein a ball passage hole (24) is formed in each flange portion (21).

[6] A method of manufacturing a rolling guide device according to claim 4,

After the ball through hole (24) and the load straight groove (31) are formed in the flat metal plate member (5), the metal plate member (5) is bent to form the channel-shaped slide member (2). A method of manufacturing a rolling guide device, characterized by being formed.

[7] Before bending the flange portion (21) of the slide member (2), the transverse web (20) and the flange portion (21

7. A method for manufacturing a rolling guide device according to claim 6, wherein a reference groove (27) is formed by bending at a boundary with the contact guide.