WO2007000775A2 - A process for dyeing of wool or silk and their blends (fibre /yarn/fabric) with indigo - Google Patents
A process for dyeing of wool or silk and their blends (fibre /yarn/fabric) with indigo Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007000775A2 WO2007000775A2 PCT/IN2006/000216 IN2006000216W WO2007000775A2 WO 2007000775 A2 WO2007000775 A2 WO 2007000775A2 IN 2006000216 W IN2006000216 W IN 2006000216W WO 2007000775 A2 WO2007000775 A2 WO 2007000775A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- silk
- wool
- pretreatment
- dyeing
- indigo
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/46—Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms
- D06M13/463—Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms derived from monoamines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
- D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
- D06P3/14—Wool
- D06P3/141—Wool using vat or sulfur dyes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/10—Animal fibres
- D06M2101/12—Keratin fibres or silk
Definitions
- the literature on wool discloses that the molecular grid of wool (Keratin) consists of polypeptide chains bound together by salt linkages and the covalent disulphide (-S-S) linkages. Such a literature further discloses that the disulphide bond is easily and readily degraded in the presence of alkali. Alkali disrupts the disulphide bonds and the fission of disulphide bonds results in the formation of thiol groups, which are very labile.
- indigo dyeing is carried out under highly alkaline pH values and that leuco indigo has an anionic charge.
- silk and wool have a tendency to lose their cationic property in presence of alkali. Both fibre and the dye being anionic under alkaline conditions, the net result is loss of dye- fibre affinity, lighter dyeing and poor fastness.
- Two of the silk properties that determine its colour behaviour are, firstly, very fine fibre fibrils and, secondly high fiber orientation. These fine fibrils produce a large fiber surface. Such a large fiber surface results in the colour yield being very low and about twice as much dye is required for achieving a given dark shade. Further, the fastness is poor. A large fiber surface also leads to a high dye-strike rate even at very low temperature resulting into rapid saturation at the fiber surface and unlevel dyeing. The high orientation of the fibres, which is a barrier to 5 diffusion, causes a very slow rate of further dye absorption, after the first rapid saturation.
- k is very easily chafed by abrasion particularly when the material is in wet swollen state.
- the polypeptide -chains of silk fibroin may hydrolyze in boiling I o water or in steam. This becomes critical in the presence of acids or alkalis. Higher concentrations of alkalis rapidly dissolve silk and wool. Degradation of silk and wool is determined by pH and the type of alkali. The mechanical stress leads to splicing of silk threads, which is severe and irreparable damage.
- Still another object of this invention is to propose a novel process for the dyeing of wool, silk or blends thereof with indigo, which reduces the severity of dyeing conditions.
- a further object of this invention is to propose a novel process for the dyeing of wool, silk or blends thereof with indigo, which avoids any damage being caused to wool or silk.
- a mordanting of wool and silk in the form of cationization on line enhances dye-fibre affinity by virtue of imparted cation ⁇ cxiye-cornbitiing sites for indigo which is anionic in alkaline media.
- Such mordanting also reduces the heterogeneity in the substrate and offer thereby level dyeing.
- Wool and silk are sensitive to alkali and might degrade significantly when in contact with alkali particularly caustic soda for any appreciable length of time. In case of wool, such a normally negative point is instead taken advantage of by using generated thiol groups as additional dye combining sites.
- a process for the pretreatment of wool, silk or blends thereof comprising the step of online cationization of silk, wool or blends thereof to render it receptive to indigo dyeing by imparting a cationic charge and generating dye-combining sites.
- the treatment comprises in the step of cationization by passing wool, silk or blends thereof through pretreatment baths and then subjecting to the step of a passage in air, which is preferably online.
- the online pretreatment could be effected either at ambient temperature or at sub-ambient temperature,
- the pretreatment bath comprises 3- to 120 gpl, and preferably 3 to 80 gpl of cationizing compound and 3 to 25 gpl of caustic soda either separately or in admixture. Wool, silk or their blends is subjected to a treatment in the pretreatment baths for 5 to 30 seconds each and to the
- step of dyeing of silk or wool with indigo subsequent to the pretreatment step comprises in passing in tandem the pretreated silk, wool or blend through a plurality of 15 indigo dye baths following the dip-squeeze-air (oxidation) steps.
- the dye bath contains (leuco) indigo, soda ash sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrosulphite and known chemical auxiliaries.
- wool and silk have a tendency to lose its cationic charge in the presence of alkali.
- the addition of alkali to the dye bath is necessary in order to render the dye soluble.
- the pretreatment step renders silk or wool receptive to anionic leuco dye by virtue of imparted cationization and generated dye combining sites in the substrate.
- each dye bath contains 1.0 to 3.5 gpl indigo and upto 8 dye baths may be provided.
- the passage of wool or silk through each dye bath is for a period of 5 to 30 seconds each followed by the step of squeez and oxidation for a period of 30 to 180 seconds for each step of oxidation.
- the dye-bath recipe contains soda ash mostly and between 15-20 gpl, in place of caustic soda. The latter is used for fine tuning of dye bath pH.
- the caustic soda and the cationizing chemical in the pre-treatment are kept at subambient treatment in accordance with on embodiment of this invention. This is to reduce the severity of the process and help substrate retain its original strength. Reference is made to the online pretreatment step in distinction to a batch process.
- One of the aspects of the present invention resides in the online pretreatment step which provides a short period of contact of wool, silk of its blends with caustic soda and cationizing chemicals. It is known that wool, silk or its blend is sensitive to caustic soda. Thus, one of the aspects of the present invention is to ensure that the wool, silk or its blends is not deteriorated or damaged by the pretreatment step, which is ensured by a reduced contact period with the cationizing chemicals by such an online step.
- the nitrogen content of the cationizing chemical viz., 3-chloro-2- hydroxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is 9.18%.
- the 0.35% increase in nitrogen content in cationized sample would therefore mean 5.8 gram of cationizing chemical was added up to 100 grams of wool.
- the nitrogen increase in case of silk was 0.2% which means 3.3 gms of cationizing chemical was deposited onto 100 gms of silk.
- the pretreatment apparatus contains Box 1 and Box 2 with squeeze rollers SRl therebetween.
- First box Box 1 may contain cationizing chemical solution followed by aeration thereafter which allows time for cationizing chemical to penetrate well into wool/ silk substrate.
- the second box Box 2 may contain caustic soda solution also followed by aeration.
- Aeration allows time for reaction between wool/ silk and cationizing chemical in the presence of caustic soda.
- Box 1 may contain both cationizing chemicals and caustic soda.
- the second box Box 2 in such an instance could be empty-or could be used for a water-rinse Indigo dyeing then follow in tandem, with conventional and known steps of indigo dyeing, viz., dip-squeeze-air.
- the pretreated substrate then passes through a plurality of dye boxes, for example 1 to 8 dye boxes, followed each time by aeration.
- the substrate is then subjected to post dyeing wash off in wash boxes and then passed through drying cans.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a process for pretreatment of wool, silk or blends thereof rendering it receptive for the subsequent step of indigo dyeing. The pretreatment steps comprises in the step of cationization for imparting cationic charge and generating other dye combining sites.
Description
TITLE: A process for dyeing of wool or silk and their blends (fibre /yarn/fabric) with indigo. FIELD QF INVENTION
This invention relates to a process for dyeing of wool, silk or their blends (fibre/yarn/fabric) in tandem with indigo. In particular, this invention relates to a pretreatment of wool, silk or their blends in order to render it receptive to indigo dyeing.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The literature on wool discloses that the molecular grid of wool (Keratin) consists of polypeptide chains bound together by salt linkages and the covalent disulphide (-S-S) linkages. Such a literature further discloses that the disulphide bond is easily and readily degraded in the presence of alkali. Alkali disrupts the disulphide bonds and the fission of disulphide bonds results in the formation of thiol groups, which are very labile.
It is known that as a natural polyamide or polypeptide, silk Fibroin (degummed silk) exhibits free amino, carboxyl and phenolic substitutes with accessible hydroxyl groups. Silk and wool have a slightly cationic character with an isoelectric point
at about pH 5.0. Thus, in an acidic solution, silk fibroin or wool takes on a positive charge through absorption of hydrogen ions. The resulting electric charge can be counter balanced with negatively charged anions of the dye, whilst dyeing with anionic dyes such as acid, metal complex, direct and reactive dyes.
It is known that indigo dyeing is carried out under highly alkaline pH values and that leuco indigo has an anionic charge. However, silk and wool have a tendency to lose their cationic property in presence of alkali. Both fibre and the dye being anionic under alkaline conditions, the net result is loss of dye- fibre affinity, lighter dyeing and poor fastness.
Two of the silk properties that determine its colour behaviour are, firstly, very fine fibre fibrils and, secondly high fiber orientation. These fine fibrils produce a large fiber surface. Such a large fiber surface results in the colour yield being very low and about twice as much dye is required for achieving a given
dark shade. Further, the fastness is poor. A large fiber surface also leads to a high dye-strike rate even at very low temperature resulting into rapid saturation at the fiber surface and unlevel dyeing. The high orientation of the fibres, which is a barrier to 5 diffusion, causes a very slow rate of further dye absorption, after the first rapid saturation.
Further, the surface of si|k is very easily chafed by abrasion particularly when the material is in wet swollen state.
The polypeptide -chains of silk fibroin may hydrolyze in boiling I o water or in steam. This becomes critical in the presence of acids or alkalis. Higher concentrations of alkalis rapidly dissolve silk and wool. Degradation of silk and wool is determined by pH and the type of alkali. The mechanical stress leads to splicing of silk threads, which is severe and irreparable damage.
15 Thus, it would be apparent that the normal known steps of dyeing of silk cannot be employed for indigo dyeing of silk (and
wool) in general. Firstly, indigo dyeing is conventionally carried out under highly alkaline pH values. Both silk and wool would cease to be cationic under alkaline conditions and would assume anionic character losing electrostatic affinity for anionic leuco indigo. The result would be lighter and skittery dyeing and poor fastness.
The rope /slasher indigo dyeing machine is a long battery of several dip-squeeze-air modules with pre-wet, Pre-wet washes and post-dye-wash off boxes. The yarn passage through the said machine would be as long as 400-500 mtrs. At dyeing speed of for example 18-20 mtrs/minute, the yarn runs through hostile environment; for 25 minutes including long exposure to caustic soda, hot washes and mechanical stresses. All these could deteriorate the mechanical properties of silk and wool. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is to propose a novel process for the dyeing of wool, silk or blends thereof with indigo in conventional dyeing machines.
Yet another object of this invention is to propose a novel pretreatment process for dyeing of wool, silk or blends thereof with indigo.
Still another object of this invention is to propose a novel process for the dyeing of wool, silk or blends thereof with indigo, which reduces the severity of dyeing conditions.
A further object of this invention is to propose a novel process for the dyeing of wool, silk or blends thereof with indigo, which avoids any damage being caused to wool or silk.
A still further object of this invention is to propose a novel process for the dyeing of wool, silk or blends thereof with indigo, which provides a dark and level indigo shade.
Yet further object of this invention is to propose a novel process for the dyeing of wool, silk or blends thereof with indigo, which provides adequate fastness.
Still a further object of this invention is to propose a novel process for the dyeing of wool or silk or blends thereof with indigo, which is efficient.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is known that alkali disrupts the disulphide bonds in wool and results in the formation of thiol groups. Such a reaction is utilized in the present invention in that before the labile thiol groups recombine or form fresh cross links, the thiol groups are, in situ, brought in contact with (leuco) indigo, some hydrogen bonds/ salt linkages between the dye and the thiol groups in the substrate are effected. Thus, the total dye-combining capacity of the substrate is increased by generating additional dye- combining groups or sites by the action of alkali on wool. The rate and extent of dye absorption is enhanced by virtue of increased accessibility of the fibre to the dye.
In accordance with this invention, a mordanting of wool and silk in the form of cationization on line enhances dye-fibre affinity by virtue of imparted cationάcxiye-cornbitiing sites for indigo which
is anionic in alkaline media. Such mordanting also reduces the heterogeneity in the substrate and offer thereby level dyeing.
Wool and silk are sensitive to alkali and might degrade significantly when in contact with alkali particularly caustic soda for any appreciable length of time. In case of wool, such a normally negative point is instead taken advantage of by using generated thiol groups as additional dye combining sites.
Thus, to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, cationization of wool and silk or deposition of insitu generated cationic polymer/ oligomer within fibre provides the required result in that the cationic charge in the substrate could attract the anionic leuco indigo dye
According to this invention there is provided a process for the pretreatment of wool, silk or blends thereof comprising the step of online cationization of silk, wool or blends thereof to render it receptive to indigo dyeing by imparting a cationic charge and generating dye-combining sites.
The treatment comprises in the step of cationization by passing wool, silk or blends thereof through pretreatment baths and then subjecting to the step of a passage in air, which is preferably online. The online pretreatment could be effected either at ambient temperature or at sub-ambient temperature,
5 for example, at 12-15 Decree C. The pretreatment bath comprises 3- to 120 gpl, and preferably 3 to 80 gpl of cationizing compound and 3 to 25 gpl of caustic soda either separately or in admixture. Wool, silk or their blends is subjected to a treatment in the pretreatment baths for 5 to 30 seconds each and to the
X O step of aeration for 30 to 180 seconds.
Reference is now made to the step of dyeing of silk or wool with indigo subsequent to the pretreatment step in a manner known in the art, but the step of dyeing comprises in passing in tandem the pretreated silk, wool or blend through a plurality of 15 indigo dye baths following the dip-squeeze-air (oxidation) steps.
In accordance with this invention, the dye bath contains (leuco) indigo, soda ash sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrosulphite and
known chemical auxiliaries. As described hereinabove, wool and silk have a tendency to lose its cationic charge in the presence of alkali. Simultaneously, the addition of alkali to the dye bath is necessary in order to render the dye soluble. However, the pretreatment step renders silk or wool receptive to anionic leuco dye by virtue of imparted cationization and generated dye combining sites in the substrate. Thus, each dye bath contains 1.0 to 3.5 gpl indigo and upto 8 dye baths may be provided. The passage of wool or silk through each dye bath is for a period of 5 to 30 seconds each followed by the step of squeez and oxidation for a period of 30 to 180 seconds for each step of oxidation. The dye-bath recipe contains soda ash mostly and between 15-20 gpl, in place of caustic soda. The latter is used for fine tuning of dye bath pH. The caustic soda and the cationizing chemical in the pre-treatment are kept at subambient treatment in accordance with on embodiment of this invention. This is to reduce the severity of the process and help substrate retain its original strength.
Reference is made to the online pretreatment step in distinction to a batch process. One of the aspects of the present invention resides in the online pretreatment step which provides a short period of contact of wool, silk of its blends with caustic soda and cationizing chemicals. It is known that wool, silk or its blend is sensitive to caustic soda. Thus, one of the aspects of the present invention is to ensure that the wool, silk or its blends is not deteriorated or damaged by the pretreatment step, which is ensured by a reduced contact period with the cationizing chemicals by such an online step.
EXAMPLE
The wool yarn was subjected to online cationization. The original sample as well as the cationized sample were then analyzed for their nitrogen contents by Kjeldahl method. The sample showed increase in nitrogen content over the control by
0.35%.
The nitrogen content of the cationizing chemical viz., 3-chloro-2- hydroxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is 9.18%.
The 0.35% increase in nitrogen content in cationized sample would therefore mean 5.8 gram of cationizing chemical was added up to 100 grams of wool.
The spectral study indicated no major change in the structural pattern of wool.
The nitrogen increase in case of silk was 0.2% which means 3.3 gms of cationizing chemical was deposited onto 100 gms of silk.
DESCRIPTION WITH REFERENCE TO ACCOMPANYING DRAWING
I Q Reference is made to fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing which illustrates a schematic line diagram of a known rope dyeing apparatus but modified to contain the pretreatment steps.
As shown in fig. 1, the pretreatment apparatus contains Box 1 and Box 2 with squeeze rollers SRl therebetween.
First box Box 1 may contain cationizing chemical solution followed by aeration thereafter which allows time for cationizing chemical to penetrate well into wool/ silk substrate.
The second box Box 2 may contain caustic soda solution also followed by aeration.
Aeration allows time for reaction between wool/ silk and cationizing chemical in the presence of caustic soda. Alternatively, Box 1 may contain both cationizing chemicals and caustic soda.
After impregnation of wool/ silk with the said cationizing chemical, an aeration is effected which allows for the time for the reaction between wool/ silk and cationizing chemical in the presence of caustic soda.
The second box Box 2 in such an instance could be empty-or could be used for a water-rinse
Indigo dyeing then follow in tandem, with conventional and known steps of indigo dyeing, viz., dip-squeeze-air.
As shown in fig .1, the pretreated substrate then passes through a plurality of dye boxes, for example 1 to 8 dye boxes, followed each time by aeration. The substrate is then subjected to post dyeing wash off in wash boxes and then passed through drying cans.
It is to be noted that the present invention is susceptible to modifications, adaptations and changes by those skilled in the art. Such variant embodiments employing the concepts and features of this invention are intended to be within the scope the present invention, which is further set forth under the following claims: -
Claims
1. A process for pretreatment of wool, silk or blends thereof rendering it receptive for the subsequent step of indigo dyeing, the pretreatment steps comprising the step of cationization for imparting cationic charge and generating dye combining sites.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pretreatment step comprises the step of cationization by passing wool, silk or blends thereof through pretreatment baths ° followed by aeration.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of pretreatment in the bath is carried out for 5 to 30 seconds and aeration for a period of 30 to 180 seconds.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pretreatment 5 step is online.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pretreatment baths comprises cationizing compound and caustic soda.
6. A process as claimed in claim 5 wherein the pretreatment bath comprises a cationizing compound such as 3-chloro-2- hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
7. A process as claimed in claim 5 wherein said bath comprise 3 to 80 gpl of cationizing compound and 3 to 25 gpl of caustic soda.
8. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of pretreatment is carried out at ambient temperature.
9. A process as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the step of pretreatment is carried out at 12-150C
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/994,202 US20100205751A1 (en) | 2005-06-28 | 2006-06-27 | Process for Dyeing of Wool or Silk and Their Blends with Indigo |
EP06756266.0A EP1913196B1 (en) | 2005-06-28 | 2006-06-27 | A process for dyeing of wool or silk and their blends (fibre /yarn/fabric) with indigo |
JP2008519140A JP2008544111A (en) | 2005-06-28 | 2006-06-27 | Method for dyeing wool or silk and their mixtures (fiber / yarn / knitted fabric) with indigo |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IN1674DE2005 | 2005-06-28 | ||
IN1674/DEL/05 | 2005-06-28 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007000775A2 true WO2007000775A2 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
WO2007000775A3 WO2007000775A3 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
WO2007000775B1 WO2007000775B1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
Family
ID=37595532
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IN2006/000216 WO2007000775A2 (en) | 2005-06-28 | 2006-06-27 | A process for dyeing of wool or silk and their blends (fibre /yarn/fabric) with indigo |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100205751A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1913196B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2008544111A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007000775A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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CN103215803A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-07-24 | 浙江喜得宝丝绸科技有限公司 | Degumming method of mulberry silk fabric |
GB2526044A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-11-18 | Perachem Ltd | Methods relating to wool treatment |
Families Citing this family (4)
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JP5260856B2 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2013-08-14 | 有限会社藍布屋 | Method of dyeing cotton indigo dyed articles with natural indigo |
ES2428765B1 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2014-03-27 | Tejidos Royo S.L. | Denim fabric with fire retardant characteristics and warp dyeing process with indigo blue dye |
CN109183465A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-11 | 上海嘉麟杰纺织科技有限公司 | A kind of plant dyeing method improving wool ready-made clothes coloured light depth |
KR102413020B1 (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2022-06-24 | 한국실크연구원 | A Dyeing Method of Natural Indigo Color to a Silk |
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2006
- 2006-06-27 US US11/994,202 patent/US20100205751A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-06-27 EP EP06756266.0A patent/EP1913196B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-06-27 JP JP2008519140A patent/JP2008544111A/en active Pending
- 2006-06-27 WO PCT/IN2006/000216 patent/WO2007000775A2/en active Application Filing
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2014
- 2014-08-04 JP JP2014158732A patent/JP2015007305A/en active Pending
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103215803A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-07-24 | 浙江喜得宝丝绸科技有限公司 | Degumming method of mulberry silk fabric |
CN103215803B (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2016-01-06 | 浙江喜得宝丝绸科技有限公司 | A kind of Degumming method of Light of Mulberry Silk Fabrics |
GB2526044A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-11-18 | Perachem Ltd | Methods relating to wool treatment |
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WO2007000775B1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
WO2007000775A3 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
JP2015007305A (en) | 2015-01-15 |
JP2008544111A (en) | 2008-12-04 |
US20100205751A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
EP1913196A4 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
EP1913196A2 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
EP1913196B1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
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