US2367273A - Treatment of wool - Google Patents
Treatment of wool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2367273A US2367273A US362694A US36269440A US2367273A US 2367273 A US2367273 A US 2367273A US 362694 A US362694 A US 362694A US 36269440 A US36269440 A US 36269440A US 2367273 A US2367273 A US 2367273A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wool
- solution
- treatment
- fabric
- reagent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 title description 104
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title description 42
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 111
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 55
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 37
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 26
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 10
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Natural products OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 hydroxyl ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- KFUSEUYYWQURPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloroethene Chemical group ClC=CCl KFUSEUYYWQURPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- DKGXIVRSAKPDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)C=C(Cl)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 DKGXIVRSAKPDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940093858 ethyl acetoacetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940067107 phenylethyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical class CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000331231 Amorphocerini gen. n. 1 DAD-2008 Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Chemical class CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous amyl acetate Natural products CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UTSOXZIZVGUTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrate;hydroiodide Chemical class O.I UTSOXZIZVGUTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium amide Chemical compound [NH2-].[Na+] ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl dichloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)(=O)=O YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/388—Amine oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
- C11D13/02—Boiling soap; Refining
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
- D06L1/04—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents combined with specific additives
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- D06M11/385—Saponification of cellulose-acetate
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with hydrogen peroxide or peroxides of metals; with persulfuric, permanganic, pernitric, percarbonic acids or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/02—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with hydrocarbons
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- D06P1/673—Inorganic compounds
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- D06M2200/45—Shrinking resistance, anti-felting properties
Definitions
- This invention is primarily concerned with the treatment of wool, though it may also be applied to the treatment of other materials, especially textile materials.
- the reagent used for the purpose is believed to be novel.
- the invention is thus particularly concerned with the treatment, in whole or in part, of materials consisting wholly or partly of wool'to reduce or substantially eliminate their usual tendency to felt when washed in aqueous liquors.
- the wool may be in the form of loose fibres or in a manufactured form such as yarn and fabric which may have received some treatment such as scouring, bleaching, dyeing, hot pressing'and milling.
- wool includes all animal fibres which are capable of being felted.
- felt is to be understood to refer to that property of ordinary wool which causes the individual fibres to close upon each other in washing, or other treatment in aqueous liquor in which the wool material is repeatedly squeezed and rubbed, so that the wool material becomes denser and more compact. This property of felting is responsible for the shrinkage which wool yarns and fabrics suffer when washed, so that such materials may be made'less shrinkable by treating them according to this invention.
- Materials containing wool which have alreadybeen partially felted may be prevented from further felting by the process herein described.
- the wool or other material is treated with a reagent containing little or no water comprising (a) an alkallne substance; (b) an organic solvent for (a) and (c) an organic liquid which is a non-solvent or poor solvent for (a) and miscible with the solution of (a) in (b).
- a reagent containing little or no water comprising (a) an alkallne substance; (b) an organic solvent for (a) and (c) an organic liquid which is a non-solvent or poor solvent for (a) and miscible with the solution of (a) in (b).
- the non-solvent is in large excess.
- alkaline substance is defined herein as a substance which in presence of water, would give hydroxyl ions, and includes alkalies or organic bases or substances producing or capable of producing an alkali or organic base, preferably of stronger basic nature than ammonia.
- the preferred alkaline substances are those (of stronger basic naturethan ammonia) which,
- the organic solvent (which term includes a single liquid or a mixture of liquids) is chosen with relation to the alkaline substance. Suitable solvents may be found among the aliphatic alcohols especially those containing three to eight carbon atoms, but also oleyl, stearyl, ricinoleyl, or aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol or phenyl ethyl alcohol, hydroaromatic alcohols such as cyclohexanol, amino alcohols or glycol vethers such as ethylene glycol, acetone, ethylacetoacetate, aniline, ethyl acetate or amyl acetate.
- alcohols containing 3-8 carbon atoms are preferred as compared with methyl or ethyl alcohol.
- the flash point of the mixture of solvent and non-solvent is above 60 F'. (Abel test). Mixtures of white spirit of flash point 92 F. with only 2% of ethyl alcohol show a flash point of F. whereas the addition of 2% of n-butyl alcohol merely reduces the flash point to 82 F.
- the non-solvent or poor solvent (which term includes a single liquid or a mixture of liquids) is preferably a hydrocarbon such as a petroleum distillate, e. g. paraffin, hexane, white spirit (a petroleum distillate of boiling range 150-260 C. and sp. g. 0.81), or petrol or chlorinated hydrocarbon or an aromatic or hydroaromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene o'r tetrahydronaphthalene, but other non-solvents and poor solvents such as pyridine, ketones, ethers or esters or higher alcohols may be used.
- a hydrocarbon such as a petroleum distillate, e. g. paraffin, hexane, white spirit (a petroleum distillate of boiling range 150-260 C. and sp. g. 0.81), or petrol or chlorinated hydrocarbon or an aromatic or hydroaromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene o'r tetrahydronaphthalene, but other non-solv
- the diluent may consist of a good solvent for (a) suitably diluted with a nonsolvent or poor solvent.
- the desirable property of a diluent to give a uniform treatment is that it can be addedto and be perfectly miscible with a solution of the type (a) in (b) so as to yield a solution or uniform dispersion containing an amount of alkali capable of acting on the wool or other material to the extent desired.
- the reagents according to the invention are generally less harmful to the wool as regards lowering its quality and are more efthe methyl, ethyl and butyl ethers of fective in reducing its felting power than solu--' tions of alkalies without diluents.
- Our reagents are similarly more satisfactory when they contain a higher proportion of the diluent and a. lower proportion of the solvent.
- the action of the alkaline treatment is mainly confined to the surface of such wool fibre, and that any substantial extension of this action to the interior of the ilbre adversely aflfects its quality.
- quality is here to be understood to refer to a number of properties of the wool, such as tensile strength, softness of handle, colour and durability, which have to be taken into account in assessng the value and usefulness of a wool material. In general, the quality is reduced if the wool loses :1 weight and is made weaken-harsher, yellower and less durable.
- the wool may act only have its felting power decreased, but it nay also suffer changes which reduce its original uality. It is therefore necessary to arrange coniitions of treatment which will produce the re mired decrease of felting power accompanied of reagents containing appreciable amoimts of 2y any other change in the quality of the wool which is permissible or desired for the purpose in dew.
- composition of the reagent as regards its content of one or more of the alizalies and one or more of the solvents and poor ittention must be given to all these conditions f treatment of the wool in order to obtain the esult desired.
- reagents which contain little r no water, but it is important to note that this ondition refers to the reagent and not to the pol under treatment.
- Some water may be presnt arising from direct addition or its presence my be adventitious arising from difficulties of btaining completely water-free ingredients of ie reagent or preventing the entrance of water uring the preparation of --the reagent.
- Many of ie reagents used, particularly those containing large proportion of ahydrocarbon or other oranic solvent not containing a hydroxyl group DH), are almost immiscible with water.
- the :agents used in this invention are preferably lose which contain not more than about 2% of ater (by volume) but they may contain quanties up to the limit of its solubility in the rerent.
- the moisture content of the wool when treated with the reagent influences both the reduction or felting power and the lowering of quality of the wool so that ,this moisture content may be varied widely according to the results which aredesired.
- wetting of the wool with waterbefore treatment promotes a lowering of the quality of the treated wool.
- this harmful action may be counteracted by reducing the duration of the treatment, and otherwise adjusting the conditions of the treatment.v But even when these adjustments are made, the treated wool is generally less satisfactory than when it is treated in an air-dry state.
- wool which is completely free from moisture is less reactive to the alkali treatment.
- Conditions may also be arranged so that the her in which such conditions such as composition of the reagent, temperature and duration of treatment, and the moisture content of the wool at the time of its treatment, effect the results obtained, it will be understood that these condn has been observed that the acti n on W001 tions can be much varied and that similar results can be obtained bydifferent sets of conditions.
- the treatment of wool with these reagents may quality
- the wool may be led through the reagent, then squeezed to remove loosely adhering solution, and allowed to lie at room temperature for a sufiicient period to obtain the result desired.
- the wool may be steeped in the reagent until the desired effect is obtained, and then excess liquor removed by any suitable method such as centrifuging. It is found that a weaker alkalisolution may be used when the wool is treated so that it remains in contact for a considerable period with a relatively large volume of it than when the wool is rapidly impregnated with a relatively small volume of the liquor and then allowed to lie at room temperature for completion of the action, but the increase of alkali concentration required in the last named impregnation method may be reduced by allowing the impregnated wool to lie at a relatively high temperature, say 50 to 100 C. or even higher.
- the alkali inthe wool should be removed by thorough washing with water which may be followed by treatment with an acid or by direct acid treatment followed by washing. In the former case care must be taken to avoid damage to the wool which may result from allowing it to be in contact with a high concentration of aqueous alkali.
- the base in the wool is combined with substances so as to form products in or on the wool which have useful softening, lubricating or other efiects; high molecular weight acids such as oleic acid or oleyl hydrogen sulphate may be used for this purpose.
- Neutralisation in the absence of water may be carried out by treating the alkaline wool with acid gases or vapour or with a'solution of an acid in an organic solvent.
- this invention will be largely used for the all-over treatment oi materials consisting entirely or in part of wool for the purpose of rendering them non-felting, it is to be understood that it may also be used for treating such materials in selected parts or areas for the production of special effects.
- the reagent may be applied to a woven wool fabric by textile printing methods or otherwise'to produce a striped or other pattern so that when the fabric is afterwards washed it will felt to a less degree in the treated parts.
- This invention is especially useful for the treatment pf wool mixed with fibres such as those of cotton and viscose rayon, since the alkali has no adverse action on these fibres.
- Other fibres which may be present with the wool are for example nylon, linen, rubber threads as for instance those used in elastic belts and garters of woollen goods, etc.
- a portion of the fabric is first steeped in water and then dried free from tension. A square of cm. side is then marked on this relaxed fabric. The fabric is then washed (together with other fabrics for comparison when so desired) by hand with repeated squeezing in a /2% soap solution at SID-40 C. for a desired period, say 10 mins. The fabric is then rinsed in water, and dried free from tension. The marked square is then measured and the resulting contraction of area calculated and considered to be the area shrinkage.
- the socks were then withdrawn, centrifuged so that they contained not more than 0.15 gallon 01 residual liquor, and plunged into 8 gallons 01 cold water containing 0.2 gallon of sulphuric acid (sp. gr. 1.8) to neutralise the alkali in the wool. Thereafter the socks were thoroughly washed and dried when they were found to have considerable resistance to felting.
- sulphuric acid sp. gr. 1.8
- Example I Solutions of caustic soda were made in normal butyl alcohol, glycol monoethyl ether and absolute ethyl alcohol, of concentrations shown in the table, column 1. The use of these solutions in alcohols is part of our Ser. No. 362,695, filed 0ctober 2d, lied.
- Untreated fabric 34 U From these stock solution more dilute solutions were made by dilution with the alcohols concerned, or, according to the present invention, with white spirit, as shown in column 2.
- Samples 'of wool fabric conditioned over saturated brine were immersed in these solutions (column 2) for one hour at 20 C. The samples were then removed, centrlfuged, plunged into acidulated ficial effects in respect of resistance to shrinkage and felting'which are obtained when the impregnating solution contains a preponderating amount of the non-solvent for the alkali (e. g. white spirit) and particularly when the higher alcohols are used as solvents for the caustic alkali.
- the non-solvent for the alkali e. g. white spirit
- Example III 0.5 cc. water was added to 10 cos. of a caustic soda-butyl .alcohol solution (containing '7 gm. NaOH in 100 ccs. butyl alcohol) and then this was made up to 100 ccs. by addition of white spirit.
- a caustic soda-butyl .alcohol solution containing '7 gm. NaOH in 100 ccs. butyl alcohol
- a knitted wool fabric was immersed in this at ordinary temperature for 15 minutes. It was then taken out and mangled, plunged into dilute acid and well washed successively in water and soap solutions.
- a comparative test with an untreated fabric showed that on vigorous washing and rubbing the blank sample shrank 41.5% in area while the treated only shrank 12.5% in area. The treated.
- Example IV A sample of. knitted woolen fabric was completely dried in a hot oven and then put in a closed vesse1 containing methyl alcohol and its vapour. After some hours it was plunged into the following ternary mixture at 45 0.: one volume of caustic soda+butyl alcohol (6 g. NaOH per 100 ccs. mix-.
- Example V scoured knitted wool fabric containing rubber threads covered with cotton was steeped for one hour in a liquor initially at, 16 C. and prepared by diluting 10 cc. of a 6% solution of caustic soda in n-butyl alcohol with 90 cc. of white spirit. The fabric was then centrifuged, acidified with dilute sulphuric acid, thoroughly washed and dried. The resulting fabric had excellent resistance to felting and the rubber threads were not appreciably affected by the treatment.
- Example VI A mixture of normal butyl alcohol and white area shrinkages for the treated and untreated fabrics were and 44% respectively.
- Example VII 5 grams 'of air dry knitted wool fabric were immersed for hour in a liquor at 30-40 C. consisting of 30 ccs. of ethylene diamine, 2.5 ccs. of
- Example VIII A wool fabric was thoroughly wetted with water and-squeezed'ofi by passing through the nipping rollers of a mangle adjusted so that the fabric after mangling contained its own weight of water.
- the fabric was then immersed in a solution containing '70 cc. of white spirit and 0.9 g. of metallic sodium dissolved in 30 cc. butyl alcohol.
- the fabric had a much reduced tendency to felt during washing with warm soap solution after its treatment.
- Example IX A solution of caustic soda was made in normal butyl alcohol so as to contain 6 gm. NaOI-I in 100 cc. solution.
- a number of samples of conditioned knitted wool (conditioned over saturated brine) were immersed in this dispersionat temperatures maintained at 20 C., 40 C., and C., for varying periods of time from 2 hours to 16 hours at 20 0.; 15 mins. to 4 hours at 40 C. and 1 and 2 hours at 60 C.
- the wool samples were centrifuged to remove excess liquor and plunged into acidulated water, rinsed in dilute ammonia, rinsed again and finally soaped lightly to remove solvent, rinsed and dried.
- Example XI An amount of sodamide was reacted with excess of aniline in a stream of coal gas passing through the apparatus so as to produce a concentration of sodiophenylamine equivalent to 0.7 g. NaOH per 100 ccs. mixture.
- This solution of sodiophenylamine in aniline was diluted 7-fold with dichlorethylene so as to give a mixtur of sodiophenylamine in aniline and dichlorethylene.
- the concentration of sodiophenylamine in this diluted solution was equivalent to0.1 gm. NaOH per 100 ccs. mixture.
- Example XII 1 A solution of caustic potash was made in absolute ethanol (ethyl alcohol) containing 6 g. of
- Example XIV All fasa atsvs 5 If wool is treated with the above mixture for one hour at ordinary room temperature a greater decrease of the felting-power of the wool is obtained than when a binary mixture of NaOH and methyl alcohol is used under similar conditions.
- EzrampleXV Solid caustic soda was warmed with ricinoleyl alcohol and 10 ccs. of the warm liquid poured of! and mixed with a mixture of 10 cos. of ricinoleyl alcohol, 20 ccs. of dichlorethylene and 70 cos. of white spirit, thereby giving 110 cos. of a potentially alkaline solution equivalent to 0.4 g. NaOH- per ccs. solution. Air-dry wool samples were.
- Example XVI A solution of caustic soda was made in the coldin phenylethyl alcohol (CsHr.CH2.CH2-OH) with excess of solid NaOH present and the liquids poured off. This was diluted with white spirit and the final analysis showed it contained 0.34 g.
- Wool may also be treated to have its felting power reduced with liquors prepared b treating gents include esters, ethers, fats, hydroxylic compounds, and may if desired be in the form of moulded articles, sheets, tubes, fibers, yarns and fabrics made from these and the treatment may becarried out so as to produce a partial modification or complete modification of the particular substance or material which is being subjected to the treatment.
- treating gents include esters, ethers, fats, hydroxylic compounds, and may if desired be in the form of moulded articles, sheets, tubes, fibers, yarns and fabrics made from these and the treatment may becarried out so as to produce a partial modification or complete modification of the particular substance or material which is being subjected to the treatment.
- the material to be treated may contain-a nonreactive part in addition to a reactive or partially reactive part or both, and hence a partial or com-- plem separation of component parts may be facilitated.
- the solution-emulsion was found to contain 15.4 gms. NaOH in 100 ccs. (88 gms.)
- This solution has the interesting property of giving a fine dispersion containing caustic soda when warmed, which redissolves on cooling. This property may be utilized in treating materials with the reagent.
- the reagent may, for example, be used for the following purposes:
- Example XXI One part of damp (not wet) plain bleached cotton fabric was immersed for one hour'at'room temperature in a solution consisting of 0.2 part (4) The transformation of ethyl acetate into ethyl acetoacetate.
- Example XIX Cellulose acetate woven fabric was printed to give a spot pattern with a resist paste consisting of tartaric acid thickened with British gum ,ment is from 1-24 hours.
- the products according to the invention diifer from non-felting wool prepared by treatment with chlorine or chlorine compounds in that they,
- dispersions includes solutions, suspensions or emulsions.
- a preferred concentration of alkaline substance is less than 1 gram NaOH (or an equivalent amount of another alkaline substance) and preferably from about 0.2 to 0.7 gram NaOH (or an equivalent amount of another alkaline substance) per 100 cc. dispersion.
- a preferred time of treat- A preferred temperature of treatment is l0-50 or more usually 12-30 C.
- the diluent preferably forms a major proportion of the dispersion, e. g. over and often over 75% by volume.
- a process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of an alkaline substance having a stronger basic nature than ammonia, a liquid organic solvent for the alkaline substance, and an organic diluent liquid which is a poor solvent for the alkaline substance but is miscible with the solution of the alkaline substance in said organic solvent to give a stable dispersion.
- a process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt which comprises treating the wool with a reagent consisting essentially of an alkaline substance having a stronger basic nature than ammonia and dispersed in a major proportion of a diluent hydrocarbon by the aid of a minor proportion of analcoholic solvent of said are line substance, said solvent being miscible with the hydrocarbon, the maximum content of water in said reagent being not more thansubstantially 2 percent.
- a process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of a caustic alkali havinga stronger basic nature than ammonia, an alcohol effective as a solvent for the alkali, and a petroleum distillate which is a poor solvent [or the alkali but is miscible with the alcohol solution of the alkali to give a stable dispersion.
- a process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of caustic soda, butyl alcohol, and a volatile petroleum distillate which is a poor solvent for the alkali but is miscible with the solution of the alkali substance in said butyl alcohol to give a dispersion.
- a process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt which comprises treating the wool with a reagent consisting essentially of an alkaline substance having a stronger basic nature than ammonia, a liquid organic solvent for the alkaline substance, and an organic liquid which is a poor solvent for the alkaline substance but is miscible with the solution of the alkaline substance in said organic solvent to give a dispersion, said reagent containing not more than substantially 2 percent of water; removing the treated wool from the reagent, and neutralizing the residual alkaline substance present in the wool in the substantial absence of water.
- a process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt which comprises treating the wool for 1 to 20 hours at a temperature of to 50 degrees C. with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of an alkaline substance having a stronger basic nature than ammonia and dispersed in a liquid comprising at least '75 percent of an organic diluent liquid which is a poor solvent of the alkaline substance by the aid of not exceeding 25 percent of an alcoholic solvent of said alkaline substance, said alcoholic solvent being miscible with the said poor solvent to provide a stable dispersion of the alkali substance, said alkaline substance being present in quantity for providing an alkaline concentration of 0.05 to 1 gram of alkali expressed as sodium hydroxide per 100 cc. of reagent.
- a process of reducing th tendency of wool to felt which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially .of an alkaline substance having a stronger basic nature than ammonia, an alcohol effective as a solvent for the alkaline substance, and an organic diluent liquid which is a poor solvent for the alkaline substance but is miscible with the alcohol solution of the alkaline substance to give a dispersion.
- a process of-reducing the tendency of wool to felt which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of an alkaline substance having a stronger basic nature than ammonia, a monohydric alcohol con-- taining 3 to 8 carbon atoms and efiective as a solvent for the alkaline substance, and an organic diluent liquid which is a poor solvent for the alkali but is miscible with the solution of the alkaline substance in said monohydric alcohol to give a dispersion.
- a process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt which comprises treating the wool containing 12 to 18 percent of water for substantially one hour at a temperature of substantially 12 to 30 degrees C. with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of caustic soda, n-butyl alcohol, and petroleum distillate having a boiling range of 150-260 degrees C., the caustic soda being present in the proportion of 0.2 to 0.7 gram per cc. of reagent, and the petroleum distillate forming at least '75 percent of the reagent.
- a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of a caustic alkali having a stronger basic nature than ammonia dispersed in a major proportion of a volatile hydrocarbon liquid which is a poor solvent for th alkaline substance by the aid of a minor proportion of an alcohol in which at least a part of
- a process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of caustic soda dispersed in a major proportion of a volatile hydrocarbon liquid which is a poor solvent for the caustic soda by the aid of a minor proportion of an alcohol in which at least a part of said caustic soda is dissolved, said hydrocarbon liquid being miscible with the solution of caustic soda in said alcohol to give a dispersion.
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Description
Patented Jan. 16, 1945 TREATMENT OF wooL I Archibald John Hall and Frederick Charles Wood,
Manchester, England, assignors to Tootal Broadhurst Lee Company Limited, Manchester, England, a British company No Drawing. Application October 24, 1940, Serial No. 362,694. In Great Britain October 30, 1939 14 Claims.
This invention is primarily concerned with the treatment of wool, though it may also be applied to the treatment of other materials, especially textile materials. The reagent used for the purpose is believed to be novel. I
The invention is thus particularly concerned with the treatment, in whole or in part, of materials consisting wholly or partly of wool'to reduce or substantially eliminate their usual tendency to felt when washed in aqueous liquors. The wool may be in the form of loose fibres or in a manufactured form such as yarn and fabric which may have received some treatment such as scouring, bleaching, dyeing, hot pressing'and milling.
The term wool" includes all animal fibres which are capable of being felted.
In describing this invention, the term felt" is to be understood to refer to that property of ordinary wool which causes the individual fibres to close upon each other in washing, or other treatment in aqueous liquor in which the wool material is repeatedly squeezed and rubbed, so that the wool material becomes denser and more compact. This property of felting is responsible for the shrinkage which wool yarns and fabrics suffer when washed, so that such materials may be made'less shrinkable by treating them according to this invention.
Materials containing wool which have alreadybeen partially felted may be prevented from further felting by the process herein described.
According to the present invention, the wool or other material is treated with a reagent containing little or no water comprising (a) an alkallne substance; (b) an organic solvent for (a) and (c) an organic liquid which is a non-solvent or poor solvent for (a) and miscible with the solution of (a) in (b). Preferably the non-solvent is in large excess. After such treatment it is desirable to remove or otherwise render innocuous unchanged alkali and medium and the decomposition products to an extent such that the wool will not deteriorate during subsequent storage.
The term alkaline substance is defined herein as a substance which in presence of water, would give hydroxyl ions, and includes alkalies or organic bases or substances producing or capable of producing an alkali or organic base, preferably of stronger basic nature than ammonia.
The preferred alkaline substances are those (of stronger basic naturethan ammonia) which,
in the presence of a suitable amount of moisture may exert a gelatinizing action on wool and may to some degree produce chemical changes or decomposition of the wool. Among. those found effective are organic ammonium, sulphonium and iodonium hydroxides such as benzyltrimethyl ammonium hydroxide; tertiary amine oxides; by-
' liquids which in absence of the alkaline substance would be chemically inert or relatively inert to wool or other material undergoing treatment.
The organic solvent (which term includes a single liquid or a mixture of liquids) is chosen with relation to the alkaline substance. Suitable solvents may be found among the aliphatic alcohols especially those containing three to eight carbon atoms, but also oleyl, stearyl, ricinoleyl, or aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol or phenyl ethyl alcohol, hydroaromatic alcohols such as cyclohexanol, amino alcohols or glycol vethers such as ethylene glycol, acetone, ethylacetoacetate, aniline, ethyl acetate or amyl acetate.
In treating wool, alcohols containing 3-8 carbon atoms are preferred as compared with methyl or ethyl alcohol. Preferably the flash point of the mixture of solvent and non-solvent is above 60 F'. (Abel test). Mixtures of white spirit of flash point 92 F. with only 2% of ethyl alcohol show a flash point of F. whereas the addition of 2% of n-butyl alcohol merely reduces the flash point to 82 F.
The non-solvent or poor solvent (which term includes a single liquid or a mixture of liquids) is preferably a hydrocarbon such as a petroleum distillate, e. g. paraffin, hexane, white spirit (a petroleum distillate of boiling range 150-260 C. and sp. g. 0.81), or petrol or chlorinated hydrocarbon or an aromatic or hydroaromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene o'r tetrahydronaphthalene, but other non-solvents and poor solvents such as pyridine, ketones, ethers or esters or higher alcohols may be used.
These'non-solvents and poor solvents act as In certain cases the diluent may consist of a good solvent for (a) suitably diluted with a nonsolvent or poor solvent. The desirable property of a diluent to give a uniform treatment is that it can be addedto and be perfectly miscible with a solution of the type (a) in (b) so as to yield a solution or uniform dispersion containing an amount of alkali capable of acting on the wool or other material to the extent desired.
We have found the reagents according to the invention are generally less harmful to the wool as regards lowering its quality and are more efthe methyl, ethyl and butyl ethers of fective in reducing its felting power than solu--' tions of alkalies without diluents. Our reagents are similarly more satisfactory when they contain a higher proportion of the diluent and a. lower proportion of the solvent. We prefer to use reagents which contain the highest propor. tion ofdiluent consistent with the alkali remain ing in solution. It is believed that the presence of the diluent is beneficial. partly because, owing to its non-solvent properties, it tends to force the alkali from the solution onto the wool.
It is believed, although this does not limit this Invention in any way, that the action of the alkaline treatment is mainly confined to the surface of such wool fibre, and that any substantial extension of this action to the interior of the ilbre adversely aflfects its quality. The term quality" is here to be understood to refer to a number of properties of the wool, such as tensile strength, softness of handle, colour and durability, which have to be taken into account in assessng the value and usefulness of a wool material. In general, the quality is reduced if the wool loses :1 weight and is made weaken-harsher, yellower and less durable.
It has been observed that under certain condi- ;ions of carrying out this invention, the wool may act only have its felting power decreased, but it nay also suffer changes which reduce its original uality. It is therefore necessary to arrange coniitions of treatment which will produce the re mired decrease of felting power accompanied of reagents containing appreciable amoimts of 2y any other change in the quality of the wool which is permissible or desired for the purpose in dew.
In carrying out this invention, adequate conrol-of the results obtained is possible because the :onditions of treatment of the wool may be varied videly. It has been found that the quality and he decrease of felting power of the treated wool :an be controlled by varying:
1) The composition of the reagent as regards its content of one or more of the alizalies and one or more of the solvents and poor ittention must be given to all these conditions f treatment of the wool in order to obtain the esult desired.
We prefer to use reagents which contain little r no water, but it is important to note that this ondition refers to the reagent and not to the pol under treatment. Some water may be presnt arising from direct addition or its presence my be adventitious arising from difficulties of btaining completely water-free ingredients of ie reagent or preventing the entrance of water uring the preparation of --the reagent. Many of ie reagents used, particularly those containing large proportion of ahydrocarbon or other oranic solvent not containing a hydroxyl group DH), are almost immiscible with water. The :agents used in this invention are preferably lose which contain not more than about 2% of ater (by volume) but they may contain quanties up to the limit of its solubility in the rerent.
water is generally harmful in that the quality of the wool is lowered. This may be corrected to a certain extent by decreasing the time of action or otherwise adjusting the conditions of the treatment. Wool harmed by such treatment usually has a pronounced yellow colour which may be accompanied by an impoverished handle, loss of weight and appearance.
The effect on the resultingdecrease of felting power of the wool produced by adding water to the reagent varies considerably according to the composition of the reagent.
The moisture content of the wool when treated with the reagent influences both the reduction or felting power and the lowering of quality of the wool so that ,this moisture content may be varied widely according to the results which aredesired. In general, wetting of the wool with waterbefore treatment promotes a lowering of the quality of the treated wool. But to some extent, this harmful action may be counteracted by reducing the duration of the treatment, and otherwise adjusting the conditions of the treatment.v But even when these adjustments are made, the treated wool is generally less satisfactory than when it is treated in an air-dry state. On the other hand, wool which is completely free from moisture is less reactive to the alkali treatment.
We have found that wool can be made nearly non-felting without appreciable loss of by treating it with the reagent when the wool contains 12-18% of water, and these conditions i are preferred.
Generally, the action of this alkali-treatment on wool with a given moisture content increases withincrease of temperature and with increase of *duration of treatment. At temperatures below ods of carrying out the invention involving the use of reagents having constituents which are gaseous at ordinary temperature and pressure (e. g. butadiene) increased pressure is desirable.
These volatile constituents may then be largely removed at the required time merely by releasing the pressure.
Conditions may also be arranged so that the her in which such conditions such as composition of the reagent, temperature and duration of treatment, and the moisture content of the wool at the time of its treatment, effect the results obtained, it will be understood that these condn has been observed that the acti n on W001 tions can be much varied and that similar results can be obtained bydifferent sets of conditions.
For the production of any particular dzrzired result, it may be necessary to make a few simple trials to ascertain the most suitable conditions of treatment to be used.
The treatment of wool with these reagents may quality,
produced. Thus the wool may be led through the reagent, then squeezed to remove loosely adhering solution, and allowed to lie at room temperature for a sufiicient period to obtain the result desired.
Alternatively, and this is one of the preferred methods, the wool may be steeped in the reagent until the desired effect is obtained, and then excess liquor removed by any suitable method such as centrifuging. It is found that a weaker alkalisolution may be used when the wool is treated so that it remains in contact for a considerable period with a relatively large volume of it than when the wool is rapidly impregnated with a relatively small volume of the liquor and then allowed to lie at room temperature for completion of the action, but the increase of alkali concentration required in the last named impregnation method may be reduced by allowing the impregnated wool to lie at a relatively high temperature, say 50 to 100 C. or even higher.
After the wool has remained in contact with the alkali solution under suitable conditions to obtain the desired reduction of its felting power, the alkali inthe wool should be removed by thorough washing with water which may be followed by treatment with an acid or by direct acid treatment followed by washing. In the former case care must be taken to avoid damage to the wool which may result from allowing it to be in contact with a high concentration of aqueous alkali. Alternatively the base in the wool is combined with substances so as to form products in or on the wool which have useful softening, lubricating or other efiects; high molecular weight acids such as oleic acid or oleyl hydrogen sulphate may be used for this purpose.
Neutralisation in the absence of water may be carried out by treating the alkaline wool with acid gases or vapour or with a'solution of an acid in an organic solvent. v
Although it is believed that this invention will be largely used for the all-over treatment oi materials consisting entirely or in part of wool for the purpose of rendering them non-felting, it is to be understood that it may also be used for treating such materials in selected parts or areas for the production of special effects. For example, the reagent may be applied to a woven wool fabric by textile printing methods or otherwise'to produce a striped or other pattern so that when the fabric is afterwards washed it will felt to a less degree in the treated parts. a
This invention is especially useful for the treatment pf wool mixed with fibres such as those of cotton and viscose rayon, since the alkali has no adverse action on these fibres. Other fibres which may be present with the wool are for example nylon, linen, rubber threads as for instance those used in elastic belts and garters of woollen goods, etc.
For determination of shrinkage in washing in these examples the following method may be used.
A portion of the fabric is first steeped in water and then dried free from tension. A square of cm. side is then marked on this relaxed fabric. The fabric is then washed (together with other fabrics for comparison when so desired) by hand with repeated squeezing in a /2% soap solution at SID-40 C. for a desired period, say 10 mins. The fabric is then rinsed in water, and dried free from tension. The marked square is then measured and the resulting contraction of area calculated and considered to be the area shrinkage.
The following examples illustrate the treatment of wool:
Two dozen pairs of men's wool socks weighing 8% lbs. were first scoured and lightly milled in a warm soap liquor, washed, dried, conditioned so as to contain 12.5% of moisture, and then steeped for 1 hour in 6.! gallons (British gallons) of a liquor initially at 17% C. and prepared by adding 6 gallons of kerosene to 0.7 gallon of a solution of caustic soda in normal butyl alcohol having a composition of 6 lbs, of caustic soda per 10 gallons 0! n-butyl alcohol. The socks were then withdrawn, centrifuged so that they contained not more than 0.15 gallon 01 residual liquor, and plunged into 8 gallons 01 cold water containing 0.2 gallon of sulphuric acid (sp. gr. 1.8) to neutralise the alkali in the wool. Thereafter the socks wer thoroughly washed and dried when they were found to have considerable resistance to felting.
It was noted that no rise in temperature oi the reagent occurred during the treatment of the socks.
. Example I! Solutions of caustic soda were made in normal butyl alcohol, glycol monoethyl ether and absolute ethyl alcohol, of concentrations shown in the table, column 1. The use of these solutions in alcohols is part of our Ser. No. 362,695, filed 0ctober 2d, lied.
Col- Column 1 Column 2 Column 8 ohm Area Composition oi solution Stock solution used in treatment oi x2 3 5253 3g the wool washing 1 volume stock solution For Normal butyl alcoplus cent hol-caustlc soda. 9 volumes butyl alcohol. 7 A 6.4 g. NaOH in Y cc. solution. 1 volume stock solution P 0.3 X 9 volumes white spirit. A
1 volume stock solution Glvcol monoethyl plus a 25 B other-caustic 22 vols. glycol monoa soda. 14g.NeOH ethyl ether. '5 in 100 cc. solution. 1 volume stock solution 8 p 5 1.6 Y 22 vols. white spirit. :1 O 1 volume stock solution E Absolute ethyl alglue as 16.6 C
cohol-caustic 9 vols. et yl alcohol. t? it it E s cc.- somflon- 1 volume solution 12. 6 Z
9 vols. w ite spirit.
Untreated fabric 34 U From these stock solution more dilute solutions were made by dilution with the alcohols concerned, or, according to the present invention, with white spirit, as shown in column 2. Samples 'of wool fabric conditioned over saturated brine were immersed in these solutions (column 2) for one hour at 20 C. The samples were then removed, centrlfuged, plunged into acidulated ficial effects in respect of resistance to shrinkage and felting'which are obtained when the impregnating solution contains a preponderating amount of the non-solvent for the alkali (e. g. white spirit) and particularly when the higher alcohols are used as solvents for the caustic alkali.
Example III 0.5 cc. water was added to 10 cos. of a caustic soda-butyl .alcohol solution (containing '7 gm. NaOH in 100 ccs. butyl alcohol) and then this was made up to 100 ccs. by addition of white spirit.
A knitted wool fabric was immersed in this at ordinary temperature for 15 minutes. It was then taken out and mangled, plunged into dilute acid and well washed successively in water and soap solutions.
A comparative test with an untreated fabric showed that on vigorous washing and rubbing the blank sample shrank 41.5% in area while the treated only shrank 12.5% in area. The treated.
sample had also resisted felting.
Example IV A sample of. knitted woolen fabric was completely dried in a hot oven and then put in a closed vesse1 containing methyl alcohol and its vapour. After some hours it was plunged into the following ternary mixture at 45 0.: one volume of caustic soda+butyl alcohol (6 g. NaOH per 100 ccs. mix-.
ture), diluted with 9- volumes of white spirit. After 2 minutes immersion the Wool was taken out, squeezed between rollers and the alkali im mediately neutralized with aqueous acid and the sample washed successively in water and soap solutions. A comparative washing test of this treated sample with an untreated sample showed reduced felting and shrinking properties.
Example V scoured knitted wool fabric containing rubber threads covered with cotton was steeped for one hour in a liquor initially at, 16 C. and prepared by diluting 10 cc. of a 6% solution of caustic soda in n-butyl alcohol with 90 cc. of white spirit. The fabric was then centrifuged, acidified with dilute sulphuric acid, thoroughly washed and dried. The resulting fabric had excellent resistance to felting and the rubber threads were not appreciably affected by the treatment.
The following examples illustrate variations in alkaline substance: I
Example VI A mixture of normal butyl alcohol and white area shrinkages for the treated and untreated fabrics were and 44% respectively.
Example VII 5 grams 'of air dry knitted wool fabric were immersed for hour in a liquor at 30-40 C. consisting of 30 ccs. of ethylene diamine, 2.5 ccs. of
white spirit and 15 cos. of butyl alcohol. The fabric was then mangled, acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid, washed and dried, when it was found to havevery good resistance to felting.
Example VIII A wool fabric was thoroughly wetted with water and-squeezed'ofi by passing through the nipping rollers of a mangle adjusted so that the fabric after mangling contained its own weight of water.
The fabric was then immersed in a solution containing '70 cc. of white spirit and 0.9 g. of metallic sodium dissolved in 30 cc. butyl alcohol.
After 3 mins. the material was mangled so as to remove excess liquor, washed, soured with acid to'neutralise any excess alkali and washed in soap.
The fabric had a much reduced tendency to felt during washing with warm soap solution after its treatment.
Similar results were obtained by using the same reagent for a longer period of time to treat wool fabrics containing 14% and 6% of moisture respectively.
Example IX A solution of caustic soda was made in normal butyl alcohol so as to contain 6 gm. NaOI-I in 100 cc. solution.
This was then diluted with five times its volume of White spirit so as to contain 1 gm. NaOH in 100 cc. mixture; CO2 gas was blown through 100 cc. of this solution until it was saturated. A gelatinous emulsion was formed in this process, to which another 100 ccs. of the original uncarbonated solution (-1 gram NaOI-I in 100 cc. butyl alcohol+white spirit) was added and the resulting dispersion thoroughly shaken.
A number of samples of conditioned knitted wool (conditioned over saturated brine) were immersed in this dispersionat temperatures maintained at 20 C., 40 C., and C., for varying periods of time from 2 hours to 16 hours at 20 0.; 15 mins. to 4 hours at 40 C. and 1 and 2 hours at 60 C.
After the prescribed periods of time had elapsed the wool samples were centrifuged to remove excess liquor and plunged into acidulated water, rinsed in dilute ammonia, rinsed again and finally soaped lightly to remove solvent, rinsed and dried.
All those samples treated at the same temperature, together with a control untreated sample, were subjected to a drastic washing and felting treatmentin soap solution with mechanical action.
All the treated samples showed remarkable resistance to shrinking and felting as compared with the untreated sample. One set of area shrinkage figures obtained are given in the following table:
Time of immersion (in ou t- Percent 2 38 to felting.
- then taken out, squeezed through rollers and plunged into dilute acid and finished in the usual way. It was found to possess increased resistance Example XI An amount of sodamide was reacted with excess of aniline in a stream of coal gas passing through the apparatus so as to produce a concentration of sodiophenylamine equivalent to 0.7 g. NaOH per 100 ccs. mixture. This solution of sodiophenylamine in aniline was diluted 7-fold with dichlorethylene so as to give a mixtur of sodiophenylamine in aniline and dichlorethylene. The concentration of sodiophenylamine in this diluted solution was equivalent to0.1 gm. NaOH per 100 ccs. mixture. A piece of knitted woollen fabric was immersed in thissolution at room temperature for 24 hours. It was then mangled and plunged into dilute HCl and well washed in water and given a light soapin followed by drying. This treated sample showed-a reduced tendency to felt and shrink.
, Example XII 1 A solution of caustic potash was made in absolute ethanol (ethyl alcohol) containing 6 g. of
XOR in 100 cc. solution. 10 cos. of this solution was diluted with 90 cos. of white spiritgiving a solution containing 0.6 g. KOH in 100 '00s. A sample of knitted woollen fabric weighing 7 grams was immersed in this solution for 1 hour at 18 C. It was then removed, mangled, and plunged into dilute acid. It was then washed in-water, washed again in soap solution and finally in water. The sample was dried and showed a much increased resistance to felting when washed together with an untreated sample.
The following examples illustrate variations in solvent (see also Examples m and Example XIII A solution of 5 gm. sodium peroxide was cautiously made in 100 cc. butyl alcohol. When no further oxygen came ofl, 85 ccs. of this was di-' luted to 600 cc. with white spirit. The concentration of NaOI-lin the butyl alcohol-l-white spirit mixture was thus about 0.7 gm. per 100 cc.
118 gm. of a woven wool fabric was immersed in the solution till it was wetted with the liquid and then run through squeezing rollers. The weight of the impregnated cloth was 215 gm.- corresponding with a liquor content of 82%. After 20 minutes the fabric was passed through water anda soap bath, washed and soured and finall dried. The fabric had much reduced felting power.
Example XIV All fasa atsvs 5 If wool is treated with the above mixture for one hour at ordinary room temperature a greater decrease of the felting-power of the wool is obtained than when a binary mixture of NaOH and methyl alcohol is used under similar conditions.
EzrampleXV Solid caustic soda was warmed with ricinoleyl alcohol and 10 ccs. of the warm liquid poured of! and mixed with a mixture of 10 cos. of ricinoleyl alcohol, 20 ccs. of dichlorethylene and 70 cos. of white spirit, thereby giving 110 cos. of a potentially alkaline solution equivalent to 0.4 g. NaOH- per ccs. solution. Air-dry wool samples were.
immersed in suitable volumes of this solution for l-d hours, squeezed, then acidified, washed free from solvent, and dried. The samples showed resistance to felting and shrinking. Y
' Example XVI A solution of caustic soda was made in the coldin phenylethyl alcohol (CsHr.CH2.CH2-OH) with excess of solid NaOH present and the liquids poured off. This was diluted with white spirit and the final analysis showed it contained 0.34 g.
of NaOH per 100 cos. of mixture. Air-dried knitted woollen fabric wa immersed in this solution for 24 hours at ordinary temperature, squeezed, neutralized, washed and dried. A washing test showed the treated sample to be resistant to felting and shrinking.
The following examples illustrate a variation in non-solvent and poor solvent (see also Examples m, XIV, XV)
Example XVII A solution of caustic soda. in n-butyl alcohol (6 grams NaOH in 100 ccs.) was diluted with 9 times its volume of carbon tetrachloride and conditioned wool fabric was then treated with this solution (ratio liquor to cloth=8/l) for 1 hour at 20 C. The fabric was then acidified, washed and dried and then found to possess excellent resistance tofelting and shrinking.
Wool may also be treated to have its felting power reduced with liquors prepared b treating gents include esters, ethers, fats, hydroxylic compounds, and may if desired be in the form of moulded articles, sheets, tubes, fibers, yarns and fabrics made from these and the treatment may becarried out so as to produce a partial modification or complete modification of the particular substance or material which is being subjected to the treatment.
The material to be treated may contain-a nonreactive part in addition to a reactive or partially reactive part or both, and hence a partial or com-- plem separation of component parts may be facilitated.
In the case of 'a partial conversion of materials to other materials either the unchanged portion or the portion which has undergone conversion may if desired be simultaneousl or afterwards removed by well known processes.
Exampl XVIII Normal butyl alcohol was shaken in a machine,
with solid caustic soda till a solution-emulsion was obtained. This was poured ofi from the solid caustic soda and analyzed.
The solution-emulsion was found to contain 15.4 gms. NaOH in 100 ccs. (88 gms.)
To 1%; litres of this solution-emulsion, 2.25 litres of normal butyl alcohol was added giving 3.75 litres of a clear solution of caustic soda in butyl alcohol containing about 64 gm. NaOH per litre.
One litre of this solution was diluted to litres with white spirit." A clear solution was obtained thus containing 6.4 gm. NaOH per litre.
This solution has the interesting property of giving a fine dispersion containing caustic soda when warmed, which redissolves on cooling. This property may be utilized in treating materials with the reagent.
The reagent may, for example, be used for the following purposes:
(1) The reduction of the acyl content of cellulose esters such as cellulose acetates, propionates, etc.- or hydrolization of other derivatives of cellulose, e. g. cellulose fibres, which have been and. starch, and dried. The fabric was then treated as described in Example XIX whereby it became dyed only in the non-printed part to give a white spot pattern on a blue or other coloured ground.
Example XXI One part of damp (not wet) plain bleached cotton fabric was immersed for one hour'at'room temperature in a solution consisting of 0.2 part (4) The transformation of ethyl acetate into ethyl acetoacetate.
(5) The cleaning of greasy metal and other materials, also the dry cleaning of textiles.
(6) The removal of carbon dioxide from gases by bubbling through the reagent.
(7) The treatment of cotton, regenerated cellulose, or silk fibres to effect a superficial swelling. This makes the fibres superficially reactive after which they may be subjected to other treatments.
This list is not exhaustive. The following examples illustrate some of these aspects of the invention.
Example XIX Example XX Cellulose acetate woven fabric was printed to give a spot pattern with a resist paste consisting of tartaric acid thickened with British gum ,ment is from 1-24 hours.
of caustic soda, 8 parts of butyl alcohol, and 92 parts of white spirit, and then mangled and immersed for five minutes at room temperature in a solution consisting of 5 parts of sulphuryl chloride in 100 parts of white spirit. The fabric was then mangled and thoroughly washed with dilute aqueous ammonia, then washed with water, and dried. The resulting fabric had a more sheer appearance and was stiffer as though it had been partly parchmentized.
The products according to the invention diifer from non-felting wool prepared by treatment with chlorine or chlorine compounds in that they,
usually acquire a stiffer and fuller handle when wetted in slightly alkaline liquor but that on drying they lose this increased stiffness and fullness so as to regain their original handle. This char.- acteristic of the wet product is in marked contrast to the thinner slippery handle of wool processed with chlorine or chlorine compounds.
In the specification, the term dispersions" includes solutions, suspensions or emulsions.
A preferred concentration of alkaline substance, is less than 1 gram NaOH (or an equivalent amount of another alkaline substance) and preferably from about 0.2 to 0.7 gram NaOH (or an equivalent amount of another alkaline substance) per 100 cc. dispersion. A preferred time of treat- A preferred temperature of treatment is l0-50 or more usually 12-30 C. The diluent preferably forms a major proportion of the dispersion, e. g. over and often over 75% by volume.
We declare that what we claim is:
1. A process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt, which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of an alkaline substance having a stronger basic nature than ammonia, a liquid organic solvent for the alkaline substance, and an organic diluent liquid which is a poor solvent for the alkaline substance but is miscible with the solution of the alkaline substance in said organic solvent to give a stable dispersion.
2. A process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt, which comprises treating the wool with a reagent consisting essentially of an alkaline substance having a stronger basic nature than ammonia and dispersed in a major proportion of a diluent hydrocarbon by the aid of a minor proportion of analcoholic solvent of said are line substance, said solvent being miscible with the hydrocarbon, the maximum content of water in said reagent being not more thansubstantially 2 percent.
3. A process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt, which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of a caustic alkali havinga stronger basic nature than ammonia, an alcohol effective as a solvent for the alkali, and a petroleum distillate which is a poor solvent [or the alkali but is miscible with the alcohol solution of the alkali to give a stable dispersion.
a. A process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt, which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of caustic soda, butyl alcohol, and a volatile petroleum distillate which is a poor solvent for the alkali but is miscible with the solution of the alkali substance in said butyl alcohol to give a dispersion.
5. A process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt, which comprises treating the wool with a reagent consisting essentially of an alkaline substance having a stronger basic nature than ammonia, a liquid organic solvent for the alkaline substance, and an organic liquid which is a poor solvent for the alkaline substance but is miscible with the solution of the alkaline substance in said organic solvent to give a dispersion, said reagent containing not more than substantially 2 percent of water; removing the treated wool from the reagent, and neutralizing the residual alkaline substance present in the wool in the substantial absence of water.
6. A process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt, which comprises treating the wool for 1 to 20 hours at a temperature of to 50 degrees C. with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of an alkaline substance having a stronger basic nature than ammonia and dispersed in a liquid comprising at least '75 percent of an organic diluent liquid which is a poor solvent of the alkaline substance by the aid of not exceeding 25 percent of an alcoholic solvent of said alkaline substance, said alcoholic solvent being miscible with the said poor solvent to provide a stable dispersion of the alkali substance, said alkaline substance being present in quantity for providing an alkaline concentration of 0.05 to 1 gram of alkali expressed as sodium hydroxide per 100 cc. of reagent.
'7. A process of reducing th tendency of wool to felt, which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially .of an alkaline substance having a stronger basic nature than ammonia, an alcohol effective as a solvent for the alkaline substance, and an organic diluent liquid which is a poor solvent for the alkaline substance but is miscible with the alcohol solution of the alkaline substance to give a dispersion.
9. A process of-reducing the tendency of wool to felt, which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of an alkaline substance having a stronger basic nature than ammonia, a monohydric alcohol con-- taining 3 to 8 carbon atoms and efiective as a solvent for the alkaline substance, and an organic diluent liquid which is a poor solvent for the alkali but is miscible with the solution of the alkaline substance in said monohydric alcohol to give a dispersion.
10. A process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt, which comprises treating the wool containing 12 to 18 percent of water for substantially one hour at a temperature of substantially 12 to 30 degrees C. with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of caustic soda, n-butyl alcohol, and petroleum distillate having a boiling range of 150-260 degrees C., the caustic soda being present in the proportion of 0.2 to 0.7 gram per cc. of reagent, and the petroleum distillate forming at least '75 percent of the reagent.
11. A process as in claim 1 in which the treatment is applied to a material containing wool and other fibres.
12. Wool treated by the process of claim 1, and characterized in having the interior of the fibre substantially unchanged and possessing the tensile strength, softness of handle, durability and to felt, which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of a caustic alkali having a stronger basic nature than ammonia dispersed in a major proportion of a volatile hydrocarbon liquid which is a poor solvent for th alkaline substance by the aid of a minor proportion of an alcohol in which at least a part of said substance is dissolved, said hydrocarbon liquid being miscible with the solution of the alkaline substance in said organic solvent to give a dispersion.
14. .A process of reducing the tendency of wool to felt, which comprises treating the wool with a reagent containing not more than substantially two percent of water and consisting essentially of caustic soda dispersed in a major proportion of a volatile hydrocarbon liquid which is a poor solvent for the caustic soda by the aid of a minor proportion of an alcohol in which at least a part of said caustic soda is dissolved, said hydrocarbon liquid being miscible with the solution of caustic soda in said alcohol to give a dispersion.
ARCHIBALD JOHN HALL. FREDERICK CHARLES WOOD.
Priority Applications (13)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB28940/39A GB538396A (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1939-10-30 | Improvements in the treatment of wool to reduce its tendency to felt |
GB8245/41A GB538711A (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1939-10-30 | Improvements in treating materials with alkaline reagents and reagents therefor |
DET1969A DE936326C (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1940-12-17 | Process for reducing the felting of wool or similar animal material |
DET1971D DE932604C (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1940-12-18 | Method of treating wool |
FR876750D FR876750A (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1940-12-31 | Treatment of wool and other materials and reagents suitable for this purpose |
FR884385D FR884385A (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1940-12-31 | Treatment of wool and other materials and reagents suitable for this purpose |
BE440945D BE440945A (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1941-03-21 | |
BE440968D BE440968A (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1941-03-22 | |
NL131374A NL65071C (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1941-04-30 | |
NL101210A NL59227C (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1941-04-30 | |
NL101211A NL60727C (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1941-04-30 | |
US466670A US2445064A (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1942-11-23 | Alkali metal hydroxide liquid reagent |
US548938A US2401479A (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1944-08-10 | Treatment of wool |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB28940/39A GB538396A (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1939-10-30 | Improvements in the treatment of wool to reduce its tendency to felt |
GB2367273X | 1939-10-30 | ||
US466670A US2445064A (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1942-11-23 | Alkali metal hydroxide liquid reagent |
GB1790845A GB603494A (en) | 1945-07-13 | 1945-07-13 | Improvements in the anti-felting treatment of materials consisting wholly or partially of wool |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2367273A true US2367273A (en) | 1945-01-16 |
Family
ID=32180587
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US362694A Expired - Lifetime US2367273A (en) | 1939-10-30 | 1940-10-24 | Treatment of wool |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2367273A (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2479693A (en) * | 1945-06-11 | 1949-08-23 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Process for production of potassium hydroxide composition |
US2479692A (en) * | 1945-06-11 | 1949-08-23 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Production of potassium hydroxide composition |
US2479691A (en) * | 1945-06-11 | 1949-08-23 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Process for producing potassium hydroxide composition |
US2479694A (en) * | 1945-06-11 | 1949-08-23 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Potassium hydroxide composition |
US2590811A (en) * | 1950-04-13 | 1952-03-25 | Forstmann Woolen Company | Shrinkage resistance treatment of woolen goods |
US3055727A (en) * | 1961-01-11 | 1962-09-25 | Nathan H Koenig | Treatment of wool with haloketones in the presence of dimethylformamide |
US3348947A (en) * | 1963-12-18 | 1967-10-24 | Ibm | Diazo print process |
AU767642B2 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2003-11-20 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | A method for treatment of wool |
US20070107144A1 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2007-05-17 | Malwa Industries Limited | Process for indigo dyeing of wool and wool blends |
US20080249451A1 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2008-10-09 | Keraplast Techologies, Ltd. | Gentle Process For Conversion of Cystine in Keratin-Containing Materials to Lanthionine |
US20100205751A1 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2010-08-19 | Malwa Industries Limited | Process for Dyeing of Wool or Silk and Their Blends with Indigo |
ITGE20120029A1 (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-08 | Davifil S R L | WOOL PROCESSING PROCESS, WOOL MATERIALS PRODUCED WITH SUCH PROCESS AND ITEMS INCLUDING WOOL MATERIALS |
WO2021066775A1 (en) * | 2019-10-03 | 2021-04-08 | Atatürk Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ Bi̇li̇msel Araştirma Projeleri̇ Bi̇ri̇mi̇ | A chemical method for thinning wool fibres |
-
1940
- 1940-10-24 US US362694A patent/US2367273A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2479693A (en) * | 1945-06-11 | 1949-08-23 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Process for production of potassium hydroxide composition |
US2479692A (en) * | 1945-06-11 | 1949-08-23 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Production of potassium hydroxide composition |
US2479691A (en) * | 1945-06-11 | 1949-08-23 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Process for producing potassium hydroxide composition |
US2479694A (en) * | 1945-06-11 | 1949-08-23 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Potassium hydroxide composition |
US2590811A (en) * | 1950-04-13 | 1952-03-25 | Forstmann Woolen Company | Shrinkage resistance treatment of woolen goods |
US3055727A (en) * | 1961-01-11 | 1962-09-25 | Nathan H Koenig | Treatment of wool with haloketones in the presence of dimethylformamide |
US3348947A (en) * | 1963-12-18 | 1967-10-24 | Ibm | Diazo print process |
AU767642B2 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2003-11-20 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | A method for treatment of wool |
US20070107144A1 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2007-05-17 | Malwa Industries Limited | Process for indigo dyeing of wool and wool blends |
US8187342B2 (en) | 2003-09-18 | 2012-05-29 | Malwa Industries Limited | Process for indigo dyeing of wool and wool blends |
US20080249451A1 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2008-10-09 | Keraplast Techologies, Ltd. | Gentle Process For Conversion of Cystine in Keratin-Containing Materials to Lanthionine |
US8101202B2 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2012-01-24 | Keraplast Technologies, Ltd | Gentle process for conversion of cystine in keratin-containing materials to lanthionine |
US20100205751A1 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2010-08-19 | Malwa Industries Limited | Process for Dyeing of Wool or Silk and Their Blends with Indigo |
ITGE20120029A1 (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-08 | Davifil S R L | WOOL PROCESSING PROCESS, WOOL MATERIALS PRODUCED WITH SUCH PROCESS AND ITEMS INCLUDING WOOL MATERIALS |
WO2021066775A1 (en) * | 2019-10-03 | 2021-04-08 | Atatürk Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ Bi̇li̇msel Araştirma Projeleri̇ Bi̇ri̇mi̇ | A chemical method for thinning wool fibres |
CN113631770A (en) * | 2019-10-03 | 2021-11-09 | 阿塔图尔克大学科研项目单位 | Chemical process for refining wool fibers |
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