WO2007000285A1 - Systeme de commande pour une machine electrique a excitation permanente - Google Patents

Systeme de commande pour une machine electrique a excitation permanente Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007000285A1
WO2007000285A1 PCT/EP2006/006062 EP2006006062W WO2007000285A1 WO 2007000285 A1 WO2007000285 A1 WO 2007000285A1 EP 2006006062 W EP2006006062 W EP 2006006062W WO 2007000285 A1 WO2007000285 A1 WO 2007000285A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fault
vce
drive
error signal
signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/006062
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens Ranneberg
Original Assignee
Daimler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Ag filed Critical Daimler Ag
Publication of WO2007000285A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007000285A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0833—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements
    • H02H7/0844—Fail safe control, e.g. by comparing control signal and controlled current, isolating motor on commutation error
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0038—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the connection of the detecting means, e.g. for reducing their number
    • H02H1/0053—Means for storing the measured quantities during a predetermined time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • H02P29/0241—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the fault being an overvoltage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drive system for a permanent-magnet electric machine.
  • the invention also relates to a drive unit for a switching element of a half-bridge arrangement for the power supply of an electrical machine.
  • Permanent-magnet electric machines are used, for example, as vehicle drive motors which receive electric energy from a so-called traction battery in hybrid drive systems from a generator driven by an internal combustion engine or in fully electrically powered vehicles.
  • traction battery in hybrid drive systems from a generator driven by an internal combustion engine or in fully electrically powered vehicles.
  • pole wheel voltage a countervoltage known as the pole wheel voltage is induced in the armature windings. This induced voltage increases with increasing speed until it is in the range of the supply voltage of the electric machine.
  • a short-circuit is generated at each line or at each phase of the electrical machine by means of a drive arrangement of a drive system, if by an operating state detection arrangement in the drive system and / or the electric machine the presence of at least one predetermined operating condition is detected.
  • a predetermined operating state may be, for example, a faulty sensor, a short circuit fault, in particular in the region of the motor, a drop or failure of the motor supply voltage or the rise of a DC link voltage above a predetermined limit.
  • the drive system comprises a half-bridge arrangement, an intermediate circuit connecting each half-bridge arrangement with a supply voltage source, and a drive arrangement for driving each half-bridge arrangement, for each phase or phase of the electrical machine.
  • Each half-bridge arrangement may comprise a first switching element for selectively connecting the associated strand or phase of the electrical machine to the potential of a first polarity, and a second switching element for selectively connecting the associated strand or phase to a second polarity.
  • a short circuit in each strand or each phase of the electric machine is then generated by the first switching element of each half-bridge arrangement is turned on and / or the second element of each half-bridge arrangement is turned on. If due to a defective switching element, for example, no longer conducts or no longer blocks, the desired short-circuit effect does not occur, the short circuit can be effected by the respective complementary switching elements.
  • the . DE 102 O5_963_A1 relates to a method and a drive system for driving a permanently excited electrical machine.
  • the individual switching elements of the half-bridge arrangements are monitored. Whether in a fault condition a short circuit of the electrical machine takes place by driving the first switching elements or the second switching elements of each half-bridge arrangement depends on a measured variable of the monitored switching elements. Thus, the measures to avoid endangerment of components and persons, namely the short circuit of the electric machine, initiated quickly and effectively. If the measured variable of a switching element exceeds the threshold value, an error is concluded which has effects on the branch of the half-bridge arrangement in which the switching element which generates the measured variable or on which the measured variable is measured is not arranged and becomes the complementary switching elements controlled by the drive unit or switched to conduct a short circuit of the electric machine.
  • a switching mechanism is described in principle, which stores the last on state to determine which of the two switching elements or transistors of a half-bridge arrangement has caused the error.
  • an error signal occurs, in particular an error signal of the collector-emitter voltage (U ce or V ce ) not the one transistor is defective, which reports the error, but the opposite transistor.
  • the control unit supplies for the drive units or driver stages (so-called gate drives) of the respective switching elements or transistors for the three phases of the electric machine as a manipulated variable phase potentials (Potential Touchbetatione) which converted accordingly for the driver stages be, with e.vent.uelJL Error signals are taken into account.
  • a drive signal gate signal
  • the drive signal corresponding to the error-free operation would then be output again, but the error would occur again, since the error situation is still present, so that an oscillation would occur.
  • the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a drive system and a drive unit of the type mentioned, which avoid the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to improve the safety of components and people and effectively prevent the occurrence of oscillations in error situations.
  • a drive system for a permanent-magnet electric machine each phase of the electric machine is assigned a half-bridge arrangement with a first and a second switching element for power supply via an intermediate circuit, wherein at least one drive unit is provided for driving the switching elements, wherein a Rear derailleur is provided, which has a protective circuit for at least one of the permanent-magnet machine associated half-bridge arrangement and wherein the protection circuit stores the drive signals for the switching elements after the reaction already occurred to the error signal in a memory element upon the occurrence of an error signal.
  • the drive signals are supplied with a delay, e.g. of 100 ns.
  • the delay time should be chosen so as to ensure that the error has already been implemented both dynamically and in the logic.
  • the storage element is arranged in the drive unit or in the driver stage of the respective switching element.
  • the memory element is designed as a flip-flop, in particular as a D-latch.
  • a drive unit for a switching element of a half-bridge arrangement for powering a permanently excited electrical machine is indicated via an intermediate circuit with a memory element which is configurable such that either at an occurrence of an error signal, the drive signal for the switching element after the already occurred response to the error signal is stored in the memory element or a shutdown of the switching element takes place.
  • such a configurable drive unit or driver stage for a switching element can be used both in a permanent-magnet machine and in an asynchronous machine in which, for example, via a jumper is configured, if the drive signal for the switching element at permanently excited Machine nach_ der_rs_Subteii response to the error signal is stored in the memory element or in asynchronous machines is a simple shutdown of the switching element.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power section of a drive system according to the invention in conjunction with a permanent-magnet electric machine.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a switching mechanism with drive units for switching elements of a drive system according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a switching mechanism with a protection circuit for driving a first switching element
  • FIG. 4 shows a simplified schematic circuit diagram of a switching mechanism with a protective circuit for driving a second switching element
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a redundant control voltage supply for the drive units from FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a power section of a drive system according to the invention in conjunction with a permanent-magnet electric machine 1, for example a synchronous machine or a transverse flux machine.
  • the unspecified power part of the drive system has three half-bridge assemblies 2, 2 ', 2 ", each 2 of the half-bridges or half-bridge arrangements 2, one of the phases PhI, Ph2, Ph3 (see, for example, Fig. 2) is assigned to the electrical machine 1 via unspecified lines and in a known manner the function of the handoff of the electric loading in the electric machine fulfills 1 (commutation) and preferably the setting of the height of the machine current by rapidly switching on and off of switching elements of the power unit.
  • the half-bridge arrangements 2, 2 1, 2 are a DC link 3, which has a potential of a first, preferably positive polarity (+) and a potential of a second, preferably negative polarity (-), supplied with electrical energy from a voltage source and / or current source, not shown.
  • a voltage source for example, a traction battery or a generator driven by an internal combustion engine can be used.
  • Each half-bridge arrangement 2, 2 1 , 2 has, in the illustrated embodiment, a first switching element T 1 , T 2, T 3 and a second switching element T 4, T 5, T 6, which are connected in series with each other
  • the first switching elements T 1 , T 2, T 3 form in the present case an upper commutation group Up, while the second switching elements T4, T5, T6 form a lower commutation group Lo.
  • switching elements Tl to T6 power semiconductors such as IGBTs, MOSFETs and / or thyristors such as GTOs (Gate Turn-Off Tyristor) are preferably used It is also possible to use relays
  • Switching elements Tl to T ⁇ are unspecified diodes, so-called freewheeling diodes or reverse current diodes, associated in the usual way in antiparallel are arranged to the switching elements Tl to T6.
  • antiparallel is meant that the current flow direction of the diodes opposite sets de_r preferred S ⁇ ⁇ rom versefJLussri rect the schaj-tele- elements Tl to T6.
  • Each of the switching elements Tl to T6 is driven in the present case via its own drive unit or driver stage (gate drive) of the drive system.
  • the drive units are preferably arranged in a control unit. The control is usually carried out with puls shimmerenmodulier- th timing signals, over the pulse width, the current and / or speed control of the electric machine 1 can be done.
  • Fig. 2 shows a switching mechanism 4 of a drive system according to the invention, which is connected between a control board, not shown, which is in particular provided with a microprocessor or the like, and drive units Gl, G2, G3 for the switching elements Tl, T2, T3.
  • the switching mechanism 4 is powered by a voltage source, not shown.
  • the switching mechanism receives phase potentials as manipulated variable (potential change commands) PhI, Ph2, Ph3 from the control board, not shown, a logically inverted external error signal Failure and from the drive units Gl, G2, G3 an error or status signal of the controlled switching elements Tl, T2, T3.
  • manipulated variable potential change commands
  • the other three drive units for the switching elements T4 to T6 are not shown (drive unit G4, see FIGS. 3 and 4).
  • the switching mechanism 4 As outputs, the switching mechanism 4, the drive signals gate signal for the drive units Gl, G2, G3, their supply lines power and a status signal status for the control board (control board) on.
  • power parts with more than two switching elements per half-bridge arrangement 2, 2 ', 2 ", for example, four switching elements or more, can be used.
  • the drive units G1, G2, G3 have means not shown for detecting at least one operating state of the -Extensionsx on_. Furthermore, not shown means for detecting at least one operating state of the permanent-magnet electric machine 1 are provided. In particular, the drive units have not shown means for detecting a measured variable of the switching elements Tl to T6. That is, a measurable size of the switching elements Tl to T6 is monitored by means of the respective associated drive units. Are used as switching elements Tl to T6 as in the present case transistors, as a measured variable, preferably the collector-emitter voltage V ce is used. This is transmitted as a status message status (Vce) of the drive units Gl, G2, G3 (FIG. 2) to the switching mechanism 4.
  • Vce status message status
  • Fig. 3 shows a simplified part of the switching mechanism 4 of the drive system according to the invention with a unspecified protection circuit for the drive unit G4 and the transistor T4.
  • a dashed framed circuit area 100 is the same for all three phases PhI, Ph2, Ph3.
  • the circuit logic according to FIG. 3 provides a drive signal for the drive unit G4 or for the transistor T4 of the lower commutation group Lo.
  • the dashed framed circuit area 100 is built only once. It can be shared for the entire inverter.
  • An OR gate 10 receives as inputs the previously inverted phase signal PhI and an error signal of the upper commutation group UpVce and an external error signal Failure, according to which the output signal PhI v UpVce v Failure is sent to an inverter.
  • Gate 11 is supplied, which additionally receives an inverted error signal LoVce the lower commutation group as an input signal.
  • the output of the AND gate 11 is forwarded to a D-latch 12 for storage, which supplies the drive signal gate signal for the transistor T4 to the drive unit G4.
  • the control units Gl and G4 are provided for safety reasons with a potential separation.
  • two OR gates 13a, 13b are provided in the circuit part 100.
  • the OR gate 13a receives as input the error or status signal lines of the switching elements T1, T2, _ T3__der Vce-Fault 1 to Vce-Fault 3 (error signal upper commutation group UpVce) and an external error signal Failure, which was previously obtained via a pull-down resistor and inverted, as input signals and supplies the output as the result (UpVce v Failure) to the Or gate 10 and another
  • OR gate 14 receives the error or status signals of the drive units of the lower commutation group Vce-Fault 4 to Vce-Fault 6 as inputs and supplies the result LoVce both inverted to the AND-gate
  • the OR gate 14 receives its own result as an input to record the occurrence of an error signal. Furthermore, there is a delay of storage in the memory element or D-latch
  • the protection circuit stores the control signal gate signal for the switching element T4 after the already effected response to the error signal Vce-Fault 1 to Vce-Fault 6 , Failure in the D-latch 12.
  • the control unit G4 supplies (as the other control units) as an output signal the error status or the error signal Vce-Fault 4.
  • an AND gate 15 is provided, which receives as input the phase signal PhI and the inverted external error signal Failure and the result PhI ⁇ Failure to an OR gate 10 'which, as an additional input, the error signal LoVce of the lower commutation group, namely the error signals Vce-Fault 4 to Vce Fault 6 receives and the result PhI ⁇ Failure v LoVce forwarded to the AND gate 11 ', which receives as an additional input the inverted error signal of the upper commutation group UpVce and supplies the result to the D-latch 12, which the drive signal to the Drive unit Gl supplies.
  • the signals LoVce, UpVce and no error are supplied from the circuit part 100 (see FIG. 3), which can be used for all the transistors Tl to T6.
  • the signal LoVce is tapped directly at the OR gate 13b.
  • an inverter and an additional not-shown OR gate is provided. Which UpVce provides, since OR gate 13a already delivers UpVce v Failure as a result.
  • OR gate 13a already delivers UpVce v Failure as a result.
  • T3, T6 and T2, T5 the circuits are analogous to the circuit diagrams shown in Figures 3, 4 for the transistors Tl, T4.
  • Gate signal for G4 (Phi v Failure v UpVce) ⁇ LoVce for T4 as
  • Gate signal for Gl (PhI ⁇ Failure v LoVce) ⁇ UpVce for Tl as
  • the D-latch 12 can also be accommodated directly in control units, not shown.
  • the configurable control unit can also be used for asynchronous machines or the like. The desired operation can be easily done via programming, e.g. via a jumper.
  • FIG. 5 shows a redundant control voltage supply for the drive units G1 to G4. Since in a possible failure of the 12 volt control voltage of the vehicle no controlling interventions would be possible, the control power supply can be redundant. Thus, the power unit can still be protected even if the 12 volt control voltage fails.
  • a DC / DC converter 16 generates a 12 volt control voltage from the DC link 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de commande pour une machine électrique à excitation permanente, chaque phase de la machine électrique étant associée à un dispositif de demi-pont avec un premier et un deuxième élément de commutation pour l'alimentation électrique par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit intermédiaire. Ce système comprend au moins une unité de commande pour piloter les éléments de commutation et un mécanisme de commutation pourvu d'un circuit de protection pour au moins un dispositif de demi-pont associé à la machine électrique à excitation permanente. A l'occurrence d'un signal de défaillance et après réaction audit signal de défaillance, le circuit de protection mémorise dans un élément mémoire les signaux de commande pour les éléments de commutation.
PCT/EP2006/006062 2005-06-27 2006-06-23 Systeme de commande pour une machine electrique a excitation permanente WO2007000285A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005029816A DE102005029816A1 (de) 2005-06-27 2005-06-27 Ansteuersystem für eine permanenterregte elektrische Maschine
DE102005029816.8 2005-06-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007000285A1 true WO2007000285A1 (fr) 2007-01-04

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PCT/EP2006/006062 WO2007000285A1 (fr) 2005-06-27 2006-06-23 Systeme de commande pour une machine electrique a excitation permanente

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DE (1) DE102005029816A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007000285A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8932924B2 (en) 2008-12-08 2015-01-13 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation Trench-based power semiconductor devices with increased breakdown voltage characteristics

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008027113A1 (de) * 2008-06-06 2009-12-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Motors
FR2991520B1 (fr) * 2012-06-01 2014-06-13 Valeo Sys Controle Moteur Sas Dispositif de commande auxiliaire des interrupteurs electroniques d'un convertisseur de tension

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3522429A1 (de) * 1985-06-22 1987-01-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Schaltungsanordnung fuer die treiberschaltung von hochvolt-leistungstransistoren
DE19835576A1 (de) * 1998-05-12 1999-11-18 Mannesmann Sachs Ag Ansteuersystem für einen permanenterregten Elektromotor mit wenigstens einem Strang
DE10205963A1 (de) * 2002-02-14 2003-09-04 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren und Ansteuersystem zum Ansteuern einer permanenterregten elektrischen Maschine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4115856A1 (de) * 1991-05-15 1992-11-19 Abb Patent Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abschalten eines ueberstromes bei einem wechselrichter
US5687049A (en) * 1996-01-26 1997-11-11 International Rectifier Corporation Method and circuit for protecting power circuits against short circuit and over current faults
DE19617054C2 (de) * 1996-04-29 2002-05-08 Semikron Elektronik Gmbh Überstrom- und Kurzschlußsicherung
DE19825576A1 (de) * 1998-06-09 1999-12-16 Marker Deutschland Gmbh Snowboard
DE10331100A1 (de) * 2003-07-09 2005-02-24 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung einer fehlerhaften Kommutierung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3522429A1 (de) * 1985-06-22 1987-01-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Schaltungsanordnung fuer die treiberschaltung von hochvolt-leistungstransistoren
DE19835576A1 (de) * 1998-05-12 1999-11-18 Mannesmann Sachs Ag Ansteuersystem für einen permanenterregten Elektromotor mit wenigstens einem Strang
DE10205963A1 (de) * 2002-02-14 2003-09-04 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren und Ansteuersystem zum Ansteuern einer permanenterregten elektrischen Maschine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8932924B2 (en) 2008-12-08 2015-01-13 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation Trench-based power semiconductor devices with increased breakdown voltage characteristics

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Publication number Publication date
DE102005029816A1 (de) 2006-11-23

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