Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
  • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
  • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
  • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
  • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry

Definitions

• probiotics are dietary supplements, consisting of living microorganisms, which have a beneficial effect on treated animals, in as much as they have improved intestinal flora.
• BROILACT (Orion Corporation, Finland), US patent N° US4689226. This is a formulation of 32 strains isolated from the faeces of a single adult chicken, strains for which the distinguishing characteristics are unknown. The aim of the product is that of establishing the natural flora of the chicken blind intestine capable of specifically preventing the onset of salmonellosis.
• PREEMPT MS BioScience, Inc., USA
• AVIGUARD (Bayer), which includes lactobacillus and anaerobes isolated from chickens. The product is intended for the control of avian pathogens in general.
• probiotic mixtures isolated from the entire digestive tract are capable of preventing the onset of all the gastroenteric disorders of farmed animals including certain viral diseases, and stimulating animal growth (Mulder, R. W. A. W., R. Havenaar and J.H.J. 1997 Huis in't Veld. Intervention strategies: the use of probiotics and competitive exclusion micro- floras against contamination with pathogens in pigs and poultry.
• Probiotics 2 Application and practical aspects (edited by R. Fuller) Chapman & Hall, pp 187- 207; EJ. Schiffrin and S. Blum 2002. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56 (Suppl. 3) S60-S64).
• the diseases which can be controlled by means of the administration of mixtures of strains isolated from the entire digestive tracts of the animals of interest include:
• the "microbe eating" phages are the bacterial viruses: a phage which enters into a cell and is then multiplied by the same to give approx. 100 new virus particles, prior to the cell expiring. It is easy to understand the damage phages can cause with a multiplication rate of 1 to 100: starting from a low number, in just a few multiplication cycles it can destroy a culture of billions of bacterial cells. Phages have their origins in the same microbial cells. Indeed, every microbial genome, for which the DNA has been sequenced, contains from 1 to over 10 of them. Once separated from the bacterial chromosome, the phage forces the host cell to multiply it, and by infecting the environment and other host cells, it is multiplied and destroys them.
• the subject of the present invention is a method for preventing phage mediated inactivation of probiotic strain mixtures comprising the alternating administration of specific strain mixtures, for each reproductive cycle.
• the mixtures are administered in rotation, from the start of each new reproductive cycle, on average, every eight days.
• the duration of the beneficial effects is proportional to the number of strains in the mixture and the administration strategy implemented to prevent the onset of phage attack.
• phages in microbial populations is strain-specific and arises inevitably after several reproductive cycles; without any intervention, phage accumulation causes the deactivation of the strains and the mixtures; the method proposed is capable of maintaining the number of phage particles present below the threshold level which causes the undesired effects.
• This method eliminates phage related problems in environments where probiotics are used, both in humans and in animals. It is based on the principle that the phage is specific for the species and strain of the microorganism. Strains with the same characteristics may have different phage susceptibilities, and be sensitive to one phage and resistant to another and vice versa. The effect is obtained by not introducing the phage-specific cells (strains) into the working environment where the phage may continue to multiply.
• sensitive strains may be re-used after some time has elapsed.
• the method of the present invention consists of practicing strain rotation, using a number of strains with the same characteristics, but with different phage susceptibility, so as to maintain the specific phage at such a low level as to not kill all the cells used. Over time, while the strain-specific phages multiply, the sensitive strain is continually replaced with another that is phage resistant. In order to increase the likelihood of eliminating the phage problem, it is necessary to include two strains for each species, with different phage susceptibilities, in the mixture.
• Preferred strains for obtaining a mixture, useful for obtaining the described effects are: strains of crop lactobacillus species, strains of lactic ferments isolated from the glandular stomach, strains of blind intestine lactobacillus species, strains of blind intestine coccus species, strains of species of anaerobic microorganisms from the blind intestine, strains of various species isolated from the stomach, strains of various species isolated from the small intestine, strains of species of lactobacillus from the large intestine, strains of large intestine coccus species, strains of species of anaerobic microorganisms from the large intestine.
• MIXTURE 1 MIXTURE 1
• Lactobacillus spp.l isolated from the crop
• Lactobacillus acidophilus spp.3 isolated from the crop
• Lactobacillus fermentum spp. 23 isolated from the crop
• Lactobacillus spp. 25 isolated from the ileum
• Lactobacillus spp. 41 isolated from the ileum
• Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. 7 isolated from the ileum
• Lactobacillus spp.123 isolated from the blind intestine 8) Lactobacillus spp.350 isolated from the blind intestine
• Strain mixture preparation process 1) Strain isolation. Isolation of the microbes from the various sections of the digestive apparatus of the animal of interest using the method described in patent US4689226 for isolation from chicken blind intestine, including the isolation of lactobacillus from crop.
• the basic mixture is prepared using the method described in patent US4689226.
• the mixture is administered from hatching for a period of approx. eight days.
• strains from the mixture are isolated from the rearing environment in order to isolate phages specific for the same strains and identify resistant strains in the laboratory.
• MIXTURE 2 is prepared using the strains resistant to the phages found in the environment and used in rearing.
• the plan of use envisages changing the above defined mixtures with every reproductive cycle of the animals being treated, which can vary in accordance with the following, given by way of example.
• MIXTURE 1 During the first eight days of the lives of the fowl of cycle 1 , the above defined MIXTURE 1 is used; in the following eight days of the life of a fowl of cycle 2, MIXTURE 2 is used and so on, up to MIXTURE 4.
• MIXTURE 1 is administered by means of spraying the hatching eggs, the feed and drinking water during the first 8 days of life (approx. 10 5 to 10 s microorganisms per gram of feed or cm 3 of water).
• MIXTURE 2 is administered at the start of the second reproductive cycle. The process continues in an analogous manner, with the administration of MIXTURES 3 and 4 at the beginning of the subsequent reproductive cycles.
• the mixture for swine is administered at birth, in the form of a liquid, to be taken orally for 8 days.
• feeds during the viable cycle to rearing health determining cycles alternate the phage-resistant mixtures in administration periods of 4-10 days, with doses of 10 6 to 10 8 microorganisms per gram of feed.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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• Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
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• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)

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Citations (6)

• 2005
  • 2005-06-17 IT IT001137A patent/ITMI20051137A1/it unknown
• 2006
  • 2006-06-16 EP EP06765774A patent/EP1895858A2/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-06-16 WO PCT/IB2006/051944 patent/WO2006134579A2/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (6)

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