WO2006133965A1

WO2006133965A1 - Method and device for the operation of installations with fluids, and use thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2006133965A1
Application number: PCT/EP2006/005819
Authority: WO
Inventors: Karl Heinz Gast
Original assignee: Karl Heinz Gast
Priority date: 2005-06-17
Filing date: 2006-06-16
Publication date: 2006-12-21
Also published as: DE102005029506A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and devices for operating installations with fluids as well as the use thereof. In heating systems with fluids, energy waves such as pressure surges and vibrations, which are transmitted by heat transfer fluids or heat storage fluids and components, are absorbed or damped by means of at least one solid or resilient element that is provided with back motion and is formed by structured surfaces and/or structured materials. The invention further relates to a device which is characterized in that elasticities of resettings of openings for absorbing waves are reduced by deflecting the same from fluid zones at least during a wave attenuation period. Said device and method are useful for absorbing or reflecting energy momentums in components of an installation, such as exchanger apparatuses, expansion absorbing mechanisms, compressors, and storage apparatuses, making it possible to compensate or minimize energy variations in a stable and defined manner for an extended period of time even at elevated and maximum temperatures, especially when solar radiation is intense and heat is stored for a long time.

Description

The invention relates to a method and devices for operating systems with fluids for damping and compensating pressure surges and noises, which in the heating system by pressure changes or components, such as pumps or valves, can be caused in piping networks. For example, by switching fast valves in a flow of fluids generated by pumping pressure reflections can be generated, which propagate in the network of the heating system and reflected at line ends or other valves in turn, so that pressure changes can overlap and can also add, if not be dampened or compensated. Cavitations can also occur as a result of pressure changes, as a result of which, for example, the delivery properties of the pumps are disturbed or destroyed. Fluid flow noise and noise from pumps, especially when a system is operated at a limit of the transportable volume, can cause disturbances or be unpleasantly noticeable. Also, thermal expansion can create pressure changes that occur dynamically in a variety of sizes, also depending on the network and the connected heat generators. In the prior art, in fluid heating systems mostly membrane vessels for receiving and returning thermal expansion fluid and for damping of pressure surges are used. These have the advantage that a good damping in the case of pressure surges and good back pressure properties are achieved by the elastic membrane. However, elastic materials are susceptible to fatigue, especially at high temperatures, so that these properties diminish over time, which can lead to disturbances. This problem is reduced by mounting the membrane vessels in the lower temperature lines, but with the disadvantage that pressure changes may not be damped at the point of origin. Furthermore, gas cushions are known in storage for expansion purposes. Here, the damping properties and the jerk pressure properties of the system pressure dependent, so that the properties are limited. For example, this can lead to audible problems with valve-controlled systems, for example if pressure surges are generated. Other spaces such as fluids in storage can be stimulated by pressure changes, which can be reduced at high temperatures only with difficulty with elastic membrane vessels

Starting from a heating system with fluid, according to the preamble of claim 1, the invention is based on the object, while avoiding the disadvantages of the known gas-assisted with or without membrane designed expansion vessels a method in such a way that energetic changes caused by heat changes, pressure surges, vibrations and disturbances, even at high and high temperatures, especially at high solar radiation and long-term storage of heat, over a long time stable and defined balanced or eliminated or minimized. Furthermore, the method should allow a temperature more independent attachment of damping, absorption and expansion devices as far as possible at the sources and improve the damping or absorption properties, so that a substantial compensation of pressure surges within or through the device and reflections are avoided in the line network and Kavitationen still be kept low. The application of the method and the device should also be able to be done directly on components with high temperatures.

According to the invention the object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1, namely the fact that energy waves, such as pressure surges, vibrations, transmitted by heat transfer (3) or heat storage fluids or components, by means of at least one within or between components arranged resilient Return movement provided or solid body (7) which is formed by structured surfaces (10) and / or by structured materials are absorbed or damped.

Advantageous developments of the method are specified in claims 2 to 18. The invention is also a device for operating heating systems with fluid predominantly according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, which mutatis mutandis the same

The object underlying the method is that elasticities of reserves of openings (21) for absorption of waves by discharge (21) from fluid areas (2) are reduced at least during a wave removal time, such as by canceling the counter holding (20) of a spring force (19) by means of an actuator (18), which is provided by the opening flap or by gravity reset of sealed and guided Öffhungsklappen or by magnetic force detachable positions of Öffhungsklappen. Advantageous developments of this device are specified in claim 20. The underlying object and the advantages are also fulfilled in the device and method for operating systems with fluid according to one or more of claims 1 to 20, namely in that they are used for absorption or reflection of energetic pulses in components of a system, such as replacement devices, Expansion heaters, compressors, storage devices, can be used.

With the aforementioned devices, methods, the advantages described below are achieved. Such equipped gas spaces can be used particularly advantageously for the regenerative energy production and storage, since the storage of high temperatures lower

Storage volume means. In addition, a higher temperature load is achieved in terms of duration. The gas space is heat-insulated, without any limitations in terms of service life of the facilities must be accepted. This brings advantages, especially with regenerative heat sources, since thermal bridges are avoided and thereby long-term storage can be better realized.

In the following, the method for operating plants with fluid will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawing shows partly in schematic representation: Figurl: body with structured surfaces in fluid areas

One of the objects according to an example of a device for operating a system with fluid is shown in FIG. 1. By means of feed lines (4, 13), fluid can be fed into and discharged into the container (1) with a gas region (2). The fluid gas boundary (11) is located in or on a body, which may consist of foam material (7). Foam materials are generally not very temperature resistant. With such foam materials, the task of using for high temperature recovery can not be achieved. For this foam materials made of glass or metal are structured, which have a high stability against temperatures, but are associated with the disadvantage that they are not elastic.

For bodies with normal body surfaces made of glass and metal, there is still the problem that impinging energy waves would be reflected in the system and would even amplified at resonance, so that would damage the system would occur. Pressure surges or vibrations conducted in the fluid impinge on this structured body (7) and are conducted through the pores, whereby they are damped and destroyed by friction and reflections, as well as the gas pressure, without the material having to be elastic. By a flexible according to the invention provided with return movement storage of the body (7), the damping or absorption can be further improved because the flexibility additionally absorbs energy. By balancing the body and choice of compliance z. As the spring force, the resistance of the compliance can be accurately defined, as well as an adjustment (8.9), for example, the

Spring travel (6) are adapted to the system. As a result, system-specific problems in terms of pressure surges and vibrations can be better solved because a network-specific adaptation to the system is easily possible. In addition, the attenuation and absorption of energetic waves is additionally achieved by applied to the body (7) structured surfaces (10), which form pyramids, for example, as incident on the flanks waves are reflected on the opposite edges and not in the system and thereby destroyed without damage to the system.

The inventive method for operating heating systems with fluid, which energy waves, such as pressure surges, vibrations, transmitted by heat transfer (3) or

Heat storage fluids or components, by means of at least one disposed within or between components resiliently provided with return movement or fixed body (7) passing through structured surfaces (10) and / or is formed by structured materials, absorbs or dampens such energetic waves. Heat transfer fluids transport the heat by means of the flow of these heat to use this heat, but also energy waves are transferable by means of structures reflections of the waves are minimized, so that disturbances in the system are avoided. The attachment of a body for the above tasks is particularly advantageous because either surfaces are built into bodies and structures or be structured on material body surfaces and thus energy waves are absorbed specifically according to the frequencies that can be generated with the structures directly at the place of origin or centrally, for example at a node of a pipeline network. Other advantages for minimizing energy waves also bring bodies consisting of structured or structure-forming materials. Here, the energetic waves are conducted into the material, for example by the heat transfer fluid and by means of the structural cavities destroyed by constrictions and expansions and compounds of the cavities whose energy through friction and impact on body parts and other fluid streams. Above all, liquid heat carriers or heat accumulators, such as water, oils, or aggregate state-changing liquids, such as propanes or butanes, require in addition to high temperature requirements, a corresponding selection of the body in terms of chemical Festigkeinen and thus downtime. With gaseous heat carriers such as nitrogen, air, which make low resistances to chemical change, the Auswakl of the body after cost advantage is advantageous. At high levels of disturbing waves, a yielding body fitted with a return movement is beneficial, although it should be provided with high temperature resistance. This is accomplished by constructing surfaces of spring steel into structured bodies so that the wave is reflected from one surface to another and the resilience of the surfaces reduces the energy of the waves. Even with the help of suspended on springs and guided bodies or structural elements or surfaces waves are absorbed. However, body and the touching elements of the pumpkin can also cause a transmission of waves on components, which is reduced, especially in networked systems by spreading the damping effect. By isolating the body or body contacting parts, the transmission is prevented. A voilhafte development is the method for operating heating systems with fluid, that by means of defined passages in terms of flow resistance between fluid areas

(23,24) or on supply or return flows (14,15) the energy absorption or damping is supported. Defined passages can be made by means of flaps which for example form a weight or which are clamped with a defined force or via permeable bodies which are coupled to define the permeability. Curved sealing lips, which also define different flow resistances in the flow directions by means of bending, are advantageous. The fact that a number of passages or passages (14,15,23,24) are partially or temporarily closed in one direction, reflections can be minimized. The problem here is not to completely prevent the reflection, since cavitation is then promoted. According to the invention this is achieved by partial or temporary closure of openings, but which must still be apparent in the flow direction.

With the method of operating heating systems with fluid, closable passages are coupled (22) so that passages having flow-dependent shutters (14) and opening function can communicate passages having a flow independent closure (15) and opening function For example, temporary closures are made. Hiebei is the problem that also different flow directions are allowed, which are formed by heats and returns. The switching of such passages can be done sensory by detecting a closed flap, for example with a magnetic switch and the magnetic actuation of further flaps depending on these sensor signal. Simpler possibilities exist in the mechanical coupling of flaps, which are achieved by mechanical arrangements of flaps and sealing plates and the mechanical connection of flaps.

Passages or inlets are also formed more advantageously by means of material structures (7) from which the bodies are formed, which also causes waves within the body to leak or wave amplitudes to be reduced. Corrosion of such materials is not desirable because then the behavioral properties of the body in terms of absorption, damping and

Reflections change over time. Furthermore, the high temperature resistance of such materials is required, so that conventional rubbery plastics are out of the question. Nevertheless, foamed materials such as foam glass, metal foam, for the production of wave-absorbing bodies are beneficial. Especially when the open pores of the foam of appropriate size can be achieved. As far as this is not possible, porous materials are advantageous, such as pore metal or porcelain. Pores can be produced by removing processes such as etching or galvanic removal with appropriate size of the pores. For pumpkins with the highest temperature loads also poured materials such as clay beads or ceramic beads are advantageous, which form in permeable containers and by a corresponding shape of the beads passages or inlets for waves. Also deviated from the pearl shape forms, which are provided with concave surfaces and thus form small bodies, which form, for example by bedding extensions and Verengunegen the inlets or passages or in the poured body, whereby waves with lower frequencies are better absorbed. For example, such small bodies may consist of compressed castors which have been fired. All these material structures allow waves to penetrate the body and their energy

Resist flow resistances and reflections or separation of fluids by branching within the body. The material usage is dependent on corrosion unifang, Temperatures and service life and the extent and in terms of size expected interference.

Further frequencies of waves can be optimally damped by means of structured surfaces. By structuring surfaces to form widening or narrowing elevations or depressions (10), such as pyramid shapes, trapezoidal shapes, wave energies can be decomposed in a defined manner by reflections within the structures and by stepwise reducing the amplitudes of the waves. By arranging that the flow of the heat carrier into the structure, waves are also degraded so that only small reflections of the waves occur to the outside. Further attenuation of glitches or other waves is inventively achieved by bodies (7) are designed to be movable, so that impinging waves set the body in motion and thereby the amplitudes of the waves are attenuated. Here, the weight of the body and the opposite elasticity for the attenuation prevail. The possibility of deflection of the movement is also decisive. ^A These relevant explanations also apply to movable surfaces (10) or structures, the advantage being achieved that, for example, only specifically occurring disturbing events are compensated.

The compensation of energetic waves is defined or adjusted by moving resistances of the movable elements, so that on the one hand a high damping is achieved, and on the other hand fluid return properties are sufficiently high, so that flows and moving components run smoothly. Here, all elements, such as body, surfaces, structures,

Closures, a resistance to movement are given. Advantageously, this is also from the viewpoints of temperature resistance, a corresponding weight of the elements, also achieved by balancing, or by steel springs, which can be adjusted by an adjustment of the bias to the system. Furthermore, a displacement or pressure-bearing gas or oil for defining attenuation values of the elements is advantageous when the sealing of such storage areas is carried out with seals having the required temperature resistance, for example press seals made of fibers such as hemp. Also versions as lip seals with a mobility by attached tissue, for example also made of hemp promote the specific adaptation by isolated areas. Also, for the isolation of transmissions of energetic waves on bodies or contacting parts, fiber fabrics or fiber layers, for example of hemp, are proposed. An adaptation to the system is promoted with the adjustment of the movement resistance by changing the movement resistance. This is done by changeable spring travel, which are adjusted for example by threaded pins, which are also guided by threaded sleeves, so that the adjustment can be carried out from the outside. Furthermore, the change in the immersion depths of bodies (7) in fluids by adjusting an adjustment value, since this is the displacement resistance is determined and thus the resistance to movement., Is particularly vuorteilhaft the To set resistance to movement by sealed pressure areas, which by resisting outer walls, for example made of spring steel surfaces with a resilient mounting of the surfaces, resistance. The adjustment may be made by combining such pressure ranges or by presetting the movement paths of the outer surfaces. In the prior art, disturbances are usually accompanied by an expansion vessel

Rubber membrane, which has a firm elasticity, compensated. A gas pressure cushion can be changed within narrow limits for adjusting the elasticity, since the gas pressure cushion is also determined by other variables of a system, for example, the static or dynamic system pressure or the expansion volume. For better adaptation of the behavioral properties, such as damping, reflection, absorption, of systems, especially with widely branched connection networks, these are produced by means of adjustable surfaces. This may be, for example, a passage area, which influences the flow resistance by the adjustability, by setting Öffhungsweiten. Also, with adjustable surfaces forming a body or structural element, they can be changed in shape, for example by changing the angles of surfaces to each other or by displacing surfaces on different bodies which change the fluid space between the surfaces such that the resonance space will be changed. Furthermore, an adaptation by variable movement resistances (6,8,9) is advantageous, which are prepared by Voreinnstellungen of spring travel. The change in contact forces of bodies on the passage seals or vice versa allows the change of the forward resistances and thus of flow resistances and the associated reflection or damping of flow pulses.

Damping and reflection are also achieved by a flexible execution of structured surfaces (10) or bodies (7), which also go back to the starting position. In this case, energy is absorbed into the movement by the resilience of the surfaces or body and, for example, slowed down by a return movement provided with friction, so that the reflection movement is likewise still damped. Taking into account the temperature resistance, this is realized with resiliently tensioned spring steel surfaces which, by means of an actuator, drag along a fixed part along the return movement, thus achieving energy absorption and energy reduction. Also, with structures or bodies (7) resiliently coupled surfaces or chips together a damping by the implementation of wave energy in a motion connected to a mass or with a biasing force or a frictional resistance, so that even compact designs are made possible at high noise pulses.

Another advantageous embodiment for receiving wave energy in motion is that the moving parts are provided with a weight, so that on the one hand by balancing with

Weights an adaptation to the occurring disturbances of a plant can be done and on the other hand, a higher energy compensation is achieved. Highest energy compensation or dynamically different modes of operation are realized by the fact that dynamic behavior characteristics are produced by pressure reduction by means of fast responding gas pressure relief valves (5). This pressure is indeed derived from the system, but destructions are avoided and the Reduzierundg the pressure over gas areas better security is given in terms of thermal damage, as when the valve responds, the hot gas escapes once up and thereby consuming discharges are reduced with wastewater discharge can.

Furthermore, by means of the gas valves, water loss or loss of liquid is avoided, so that the restoration of behavioral properties of the system by means of pressure increase can be produced from loadable or exchangeable cartridges (12). Advantageously, these are gas cartouches, which can also be supplemented by liquid cartouches, for example, to keep damping fluids at a constant water level. By attaching a Venilverschlusses Kartouschen can also be attached only temporarily, so this is used only for maintenance purposes. Also rechargeable cartridges are useful. Further dynamic behavioral characteristics or the adaptation to disturbance variables in a specific installation is realized by coupling bodies (7) or surfaces (10) or structures. The coupling can be carried out by prior art connection techniques, whereby, for example, also bodies on the installation can be extended if increased damping or absorption due to increased disturbances is needed. Increased safety against the effects of disturbances is ensured by the connection of

Permeable bodies (7) to high-temperature generating facilities, such as solar collectors, geothermal heat exchangers achieved. The damping and discharge of gas bubbles in gas areas (2) can be done close to the Enstehungsort, so that further damage is excluded. This is preferably done with perforated containers containing clay beads or ceramic beads so that the flow can be made with low flow resistance through the container, but gas bubbles will stick to the beads due to the bulkiness and be reduced in velocity. Also useful for the aforementioned problem in that bodies (7) or structured surfaces are arranged in an arrangement so that the flow is elongated and deflections of the flow take place. Especially due to the deflections, waves can be channeled with the flow into structures, so that the maximum damping properties can be utilized and the reflection ions can be conducted directly into further structures.

Transfers of vibrations between body (7) or structures or structured surfaces and components may be desirable, for example, in pump vibrating, so that vibrations may be transmitted to heat traps, with bodies or structured surfaces attached to components, and possibly with a wide body or textured surfaces , which

Transfer insulation may be located, damped or absorbed on components in the heat transfer medium. For attaching bodies or structured surfaces with the aforementioned function they become Suspended bands or ropes, which allow mobility through the suspension, and the transmission of vibrations through the flexible and cross-sectional minimized suspension is prevented. This is achieved by straps that hold the bodies or structured surfaces and, by gravity and balanced weight on the body or surfaces, allow for mobility within the limits of the lengths of the strap, with freedom from contact with other components. Ropes made of hemp or wire are also suitable if they are designed with appropriate cross sections. By forming a suspension with folded hanger links such that it maintains a biased deflection of the bends defined by the cross-section of the hanger tie and the strength of the individual wires or hanger and the bend magnitude, the body or structured surfaces in a position against gravity and the impinging jacks change the bends and allow for mobility, and the bias further positions the bodies or structured surfaces. The bias can also be achieved by springs, which are suspended from tapes or ropes. The locations of the suspension, the directions of the bends, as well as the cross sections of the suspensions determine the size of the mobility in each direction.

With the device according to the invention for operating heating systems with fluid, that elasticities of provisions of openings (21) for absorbing waves by discharge (21) from fluid areas (2) are reduced at least during the shaft removal time, the task is also achieved within certain limits, namely, that energetic changes, even at high and highest temperatures over a long period of time, are eliminated and minimized and a temperature-independent attachment of damping, absorption and expansion devices is largely improved at the sources and the damping or absorption properties, so that as well An extensive compensation of pressure surges is carried out by the device and reflections are avoided in the piping network and Kavitationen still be kept low. By eliminating elasticities, although more pressure is then reduced than would be necessary for a limited damping. But the device should be as effective as possible in border areas, so in case of major disturbances, so that they are degraded quickly and without Reflexioenen, and it is ensured that no damage will be generated in the system. Especially reflections in widely branched communication networks can cause considerable damage, even if they are increased by fast switching valves. In addition, the cavitations can be minimized with facilities according to the methods 1 to 17. The elimination of elasticities is achieved by reversing the counter-holding (20) of a spring force (19) by means of an actuator (18), which is provided by the Öffhungsklappe. A pressure value defined by the spring opens the flap, so that the actuator is actuated and the spring force is removed or reduced, so that the pressure is released quickly without the Flap closes. The flap is closed by a weight or by a second spring again when the pressure defined by the two springs or by the spring and the weight is reduced. The preparation of the counter-holding can be restored manually or by a snap-back mechanism triggered by the second spring. For low pressure systems, weights may be used to define the release pressure and return pressure, rather than springs, which will provide resistance or resetting to the sealed and guided door valves. In this case, a holding weight is canceled by an actuator. Solvent-releasable positions of opening flaps and provisions also make sense, especially since they can also be adapted with regard to the applied force. Also advantageous is the device that the derivative (21) of waves on Öffhungsklappen takes place, which only by a force-defined attitude, such as clamping, magnetic adhesion, an opening is free, without elasticity act. For example, a flap can be clamped with a certain force, so that a pressure value opens this flap. This simplified and cost-effective design is then suitable only for rare perturbing disturbances or markets uit appropriate maintenance prices. Versions which hold the fold with magnetic force, so that defined pressure values overcome the magnetic force and thus the flap is also large area apparently, can also be provided for restoring and / or keeping the flap open with electronically switched magnetic force, so that a reduction or dissipation of Press is also controllable. It is advantageous if the attitude of the flap via a permanent magnet, which is adjustable by a distance adjustment to the flap and the holding force. The

Holding effect of the magnet decreases with the Öffhugsweg, but can rarely be set permanently for uneterschiiedliche plant, so that the displacement of the magnet on the flap on the lever travel of the flap ebenflls allows adjustment for the response directing and the holding path of the magnet. The arrangement of magnetic forces with permanent magnets for the constantly required forces is energy efficient and safe, since these forces are not amplified by interference and thus such openings are also operable at safety limits. However, build-up between the flap and the fixed area may increase the opening force somewhat so that the safety margin would shift. Such adhesions must be avoided by maintenance intervals, whereby the holding force is checked and, if necessary, adhesions are removed. Also, the application of magnets or magnetic forces from the outside should be avoided by a surrounding shielding with magnetically conductive material, to ensure safety against external effects.

The use of the above-mentioned methods and devices for operating systems with fluid is particularly advantageous for absorption or reflection of energetic pulses in components such as exchangers, expansion headers, compressors, storage devices. This allows an extended use of such facilities and procedures in facilities, so that Absorption, attenuation and reflections of waves can be provided for the specific support by integration into such components.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 container

2 fluid area

3 heat carrier

4 lead

5 gas outlet valve

6 Reflective suspension

7 body

8 Thread feedthrough

9 adjustment

10 structural surfaces

11 fluid interface

12 gas inlet valve

13 lead

14 closure

15 Coupled lock

16 return

17 return

18 actuator

19 pressure resistance

20 Movable counter-attitude

21 opening

22 coupling member

Claims

1Patentansprüche

1. A method for operating heating systems with fluid, characterized in that energetic waves, such as pressure surges, vibrations, transmitted by heat transfer (3) or heat storage fluids or components, by means of at least one inside or between components arranged yielding provided with return movement or solid body (7 ) formed by structured surfaces (10) and / or by structured materials are absorbed or dampened.

2. Method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1 characterized in that the energy absorption or damping is supported by means of defined passages with regard to the flow resistance between fluid regions (23, 24) or to supply or return flows (14, 15).

3. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim l characterized gekennze ichnet that a number of passages or passages (14,15,23,24) are partially or temporarily closed in one direction.

4. A method of operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that closable passages are coupled (22) so that passages which have flow-dependent closure (14) and opening function have passages communicating a flow-independent closure (15 ) and Öfmungsfunktion have.

5. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim l characterized gekennze ichnet that the material structure (7) made of foamed or porous or poured material, such as foam glass, porous metal, clay beads.

6. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim l, characterized in that structured surfaces forming widening or narrowing elevations or depressions (10), such as pyramidal, trapezoidal form.

7. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1 characterized gekennze ichnet that body (7) or structured surfaces (10) are designed to be movably mounted.

8. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable storage or the closures of passages by a movement resistance, such as steel springs, displacement or stored 'gas or oil stored, weight, defined.

9. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement resistance is adjustable, as by changeable spring travel or immersion depths of bodies (7), sealed pressure ranges. 2

10. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that the behavioral properties, such as damping, reflection, absorption, are produced by means of adjustable surfaces and / or changeable movement resistances (6, 8, 9).

11. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that surfaces (10) or structured surfaces or body (7) are made resilient and with return movement, as with spring steel plates or structures or bodies (7) resiliently coupled surfaces or assembled chips.

12. A method of operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that movable surfaces or bodies are weighted or balanced with weights.

13. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1 characterized ichnet characterized in that dynamic behavior characteristics by pressure reduction by means of fast responding gas pressure relief valves (S) are produced.

14. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that dynamic behavior properties are produced by pressure increase from loadable or replaceable cartridges (12).

15. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that body (7) or structured surfaces (10) can be coupled.

16. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1 characterized ichnet characterized in that impermeable body (7χ as perforated containers with clay beads, for damping and dissipation of gas bubbles in gas areas (2) to high-temperature generating facilities, such as solar panels, geothermal heat exchangers connected become.

17. A method of operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that bodies (7) or structured surfaces are arranged in an arrangement so that the flow extends paths and deflections of the flow take place.

18. A method for operating heating systems with fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that body (T) or structured surfaces are suspended from tapes or ropes, which allow by the suspension a mobility, such as ropes combined with a coordinated weight on the body and lengths to Non-contact with components or bends formed with strips of hemp or wires.

19. Device for operating heating systems with fluid predominantly according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that elasticities of provision of openings (21) for absorption of waves by discharge (21) from fluid areas (2) at least during a wave removal time be degraded, such as by lifting the counter holding (20) of a spring force (19) by means of an actuator (18), which is provided by the opening flap or by gravity reset of sealed and guided öffhungsklappen or by magnetic solvable positions of Öffhungsklappen. 3

20. Device for operating heating systems with fluid predominantly according to claim 19, characterized in that I n et the fact that the derivative (21) of waves on öffhungskJappen takes place, which by a force-defined attitude, such as clamping, magnetic adhesion, an opening is free.

21. Method and device for operating systems with fluid according to one or more of claims 1 to 20 characterized in that they are used for absorption or reflection of energetic pulses in components of a system, such as exchangers, expansion receptacles, compressors, storage devices.