WO2006133658A1 - Circuit de commutation, et procede pour commander un disjoncteur - Google Patents

Circuit de commutation, et procede pour commander un disjoncteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006133658A1
WO2006133658A1 PCT/DE2005/001050 DE2005001050W WO2006133658A1 WO 2006133658 A1 WO2006133658 A1 WO 2006133658A1 DE 2005001050 W DE2005001050 W DE 2005001050W WO 2006133658 A1 WO2006133658 A1 WO 2006133658A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
thyristor
triac
current
voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2005/001050
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Oppermann
Jürgen RUPP
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to PCT/DE2005/001050 priority Critical patent/WO2006133658A1/fr
Priority to DE112005003610T priority patent/DE112005003610A5/de
Priority to CN2005800501343A priority patent/CN101199092B/zh
Publication of WO2006133658A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006133658A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/045—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage adapted to a particular application and not provided for elsewhere
    • H02H9/047—Free-wheeling circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical circuit and in particular to its use for switching devices in low-voltage systems. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for controlling at least one circuit breaker for switching a load, in particular an inductive load.
  • a switching device in a low-voltage system in addition to the operational switching can also switch off a short circuit, especially when a circuit breaker is to be used. Since the short circuit can occur at any time and should be limited and / or switched off as quickly as possible, a shutdown in the next zero crossing is not sufficient without prior limitation. Rather, at least a limitation of the current must occur immediately.
  • a reverse voltage is usually built up by a switching arc, which acts current limiting. At the next current zero crossing, the arc will fade if the arc chamber is designed accordingly (cooling). In an electronic switching device that has no opening mechanical contacts, this switching arc is missing.
  • An immediate shutdown of the current is only possible if the stored energy in the inductors can be reduced. Even if the inductance of a load does not act in the event of a short circuit, considerable amounts of energy are still stored in the inductance of the feeding network. A quick shutdown would thus lead to high overvoltages and destroy the power semiconductors.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a particularly suitable circuit and a particularly suitable method for controlling at least one circuit breaker for switching a load.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that to limit an overvoltage while varistors, d. H. voltage-dependent resistors or RC circuits could be used. Also, the so-called clamping could be made, in which the power semiconductors are turned on just enough so that the voltage remains below the maximum limit. Here, however, the stored energy is dissipated in the power semiconductors and charged this additional.
  • a circuit which has at least one circuit breaker for switching a load.
  • load is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an inductive load, such as, for example, a coil, an electric motor or a line inductance. Since the switching of ohmic or capacitive loads also usually inductive impedances of a feeding network in appearance, the invention can also be used advantageously in such loads.
  • the circuit further includes a resistor, which is preferably substantially resistive, so that the parasitic inductance of the real resistance can be neglected.
  • the circuit has a thyristor or a triac.
  • These semiconductor devices are characterized in that they must be ignited by means of a voltage at the gate and remain automatically in the conductive state following the ignition.
  • the circuit therefore has means for igniting the thyristor or triac in response to a voltage drop across the at least one power switch.
  • the means are operatively connected to the power switch and to the gate of the thyristor or triac.
  • Such means are preferably one or more electrical components connected to the gate and the power switch.
  • the resistor and the thyristor or the triac are connected to bypass the at least one circuit breaker.
  • a bridging is understood to mean that a current can flow via the power switch or the thyristor or the triac as a function of certain switching states of the power switch and of the thyristor or of the triac.
  • the at least one circuit breaker is connected directly to the particular inductive load. Furthermore, the circuit is advantageously designed such that both po- positive as well as negative half-waves of an alternating current can be switched.
  • a control logic is, for example, a gate logic, a microcontroller or an application-specific circuit (ASIC), which are each provided with possibly required driver elements.
  • ASIC application-specific circuit
  • the ignition of the thyristor or of the triac by the means is preferably independent of the control logic and its control signals.
  • control logic is designed to block the circuit breaker in the event of a short circuit.
  • a short-circuit case is a fault situation deviating from normal operating conditions in which the current through the circuit breaker exceeds a permissible limit value.
  • the control logic preferably has measuring means for determining the short-circuit current flowing through the circuit breaker. Such measuring means can detect, for example, the short-circuit current based on a voltage drop across a resistor or at an internal resistance of the circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker is expediently a power semiconductor.
  • Advantageous variants of the power semiconductor are a field-effect transistor (FET) or an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor).
  • a preferred development provides for a series connection of the resistor and the thyristor or the triac, so that the resistor is connected directly to the thyristor or to the triac.
  • further components can be provided, which are connected to the terminals of the resistor or the thyristor or of the triac, in particular also to the connection between the resistor and the thyristor or triac.
  • the means has a varistor which is connected to the gate of the thyristor or to the gate of the triac.
  • a varistor as a voltage-dependent component is high-impedance up to a threshold voltage and has a significantly lower resistance beyond the applied threshold voltage.
  • the threshold voltage is preferably designed for the described short circuit, so that does not ignite for normal operating voltages of the thyristor or triac.
  • the inductance-induced induction voltage in the event of a short circuit causes the voltage exceeding the operating voltages to exceed the threshold voltage.
  • a significant current flows through the varistor and thus into the gate of the thyristor or triac, as a result of which this ignites.
  • a diac is provided as the means which is connected to the gate of the thyristor or to the gate of the triac.
  • a diac has comparable electrical properties to the varistor and can also fulfill the function of igniting the gate of the thyristor or of the triac.
  • a preferred embodiment provides that at least two power semiconductors, in particular two MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) or two IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), for example anti-serial or anti-parallel, are arranged.
  • one freewheeling diode is connected to a source terminal (source) and a drain terminal (drain) of one of the power inductors.
  • Such freewheeling diodes may be external diodes or be formed by a PN junction (for example, drain-bulk) of the power semiconductor.
  • An expedient development provides that two diodes are connected to the power switch and / or to the thyristor in such a way that, in the ignited state of the thyristor, a current flows via at least one of the diodes and at least partially via the thyristor.
  • the diodes act rectifying in the case of an alternating current, so that a short-circuit current flows independently of the current direction occurring across the thyristor.
  • the resistor is dimensioned such that a voltage drop across this for the maximum possible current is smaller than a blocking voltage of the at least one circuit breaker.
  • a voltage drop across this for the maximum possible current is smaller than a blocking voltage of the at least one circuit breaker.
  • the voltage drop across the thyristor or across the triac - and optionally over the diodes - is small compared to the voltage drop across the resistor. Otherwise, the sum of the voltage drops is decisive, so that this sum does not exceed the maximum blocking voltage of the circuit breaker.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a use of a previously described circuit in a switching device of a Low-voltage installation.
  • This low-voltage system may have, for example, three such circuits to control a three-phase current.
  • the method is used to control at least one circuit breaker for switching in particular inductive loads.
  • a short circuit current is first detected, which flows through the circuit breaker.
  • the at least one power switch is disabled, so that a voltage drop across the power switch triggers a thyristor or a triac, so that the power switch is bridged by the ignited thyristor or by the ignited triac until the next zero crossing of the short-circuit current.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first circuit diagram detail of a first embodiment variant with a thyristor
  • FIG. 2 shows a second circuit diagram detail of a second embodiment variant with a triac.
  • an inductive load X L is shown by way of example. There is a current through them.
  • inductive load X L by means of two antiserial switched circuit breakers in the form of the illustrated MOS field Effect transistors (MOSFETs) Ml and M2 switchable.
  • the inductive load X L is connected to a ground terminal GND and the MOSFET Ml is connected to an outer conductor OC. If there are several, for example three, outer conductors OC, then the circuit described below can be present three times, in order in each case to be able to switch a current flow from the outer conductor OC via the inductive load X L to the ground GND.
  • the current through the inductive load X L is provided as alternating current (AC network), so that antiserial connection of the two MOSFETs M 1 and M 2 enables control or disconnection of the current in both current directions of the alternating current.
  • AC network alternating current
  • the short circuit is symbolically indicated in FIG. 1 as a jagged arrow. Since the short circuit can occur at any time within a period and must be limited or switched off as quickly as possible, a shutdown in the next zero crossing of the current without prior limitation of the short-circuit current is not sufficient.
  • Inductive load X L is to be understood as meaning any inductance acting in the event of a short circuit, for example that of a load coil or an inductance of the feeding network, which in the present case is shown summarized by the inductive load X L.
  • inductive load X L At the time of switching off, considerable amounts of energy are still note X L stored.
  • a quick shutdown of the short-circuit current would result in the destruction of the MOSFETs Ml and / or M2 as a result of high overvoltages.
  • a current limitation becomes effective in the electronic circuit in order to interrupt the circuit from the outer conductor OC to the ground connection GND in the next current zero crossing.
  • the current limitation is achieved by actively switching on an equivalent load RL in order to at least partially compensate for the short-circuit-related "removal or elimination" of the load acting in normal operation.
  • the equivalent load RL must be able to carry the current flowing through it for a maximum of half a grid period, i. H. for networks with 50 Hz thus a maximum of 10 ms, so that they must absorb only small amounts of energy despite the possibly very high currents.
  • the MOSFETs M1 and M2 of FIG. 1 each have an integrated or external freewheeling diode Dm and D M2 .
  • Dm and D M2 the current from the outer conductor OC can flow through the MOSFETs Ml and M2 and through the inductive load X L to the neutral GND or a second outer conductor (not shown).
  • the circuit is interrupted.
  • the circuit has two diodes Dl, D2 and a thyristor Th as well as an equivalent load RL and an ignition device for the thyristor of the components V3 and Rl.
  • This overall circuit can be constructed of individual components or integrated as a so-called "smart power" solution on a semiconductor chip.
  • the current very quickly assumes large values, so that a short circuit detection in the control logic 1 shuts off the two MOSFETs M1 and M2 as quickly as possible.
  • the short-circuit detection itself can, for example, via the detection of a current limit value or via the increase in the voltage across the MOSFETs Ml and / or M2 by exceeding the saturation current of the MOSFETs Ml, M2 done.
  • the thyristor Th must - as well as the equivalent load RL - the current only for a short time lead.
  • the resistance RL is to be dimensioned such that it is at maximum possible Lich current (here, the saturation current of the MOSFETs Ml, M2) builds up a voltage which is smaller than the blocking voltage of the MOSFET Ml or M2.
  • the circuit of the embodiment of Figure 1 can be constructed without (fuse) fuse and switch off a short circuit, so that a superimposed circuit breaker does not have to trigger.
  • a designed for the short-circuit current varistor or designed for the short-circuit current RC element is necessary.
  • varistors can be relatively high
  • a triac TR is provided instead of the thyristor, which is connected in series with the equivalent load RL and bridges the two MOSFETs Ml and M2 in the ignited state.
  • diac Di diac Di
  • Rl resistor
  • the triac TR can be ignited with ignition currents of both polarities. Therefore, in principle it is irrelevant for the ignition of the triac TR which instantaneous network polarity exists in the event of a short circuit.

Landscapes

  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit de commutation comprenant au moins un disjoncteur (M1, M2) conçu pour effectuer une commutation en charge (XL), une résistance (RL), un thyristor (Th) ou un triac (TR), ainsi que des moyens (R1, Di, V3) pour allumer le thyristor (Th) ou le triac (TR) en fonction d'une chute de tension au niveau du disjoncteur (M1, M2). Selon l'invention, la résistance (RL) et le thyristor (Th) ou le triac (TR) sont connectés pour ponter le(s) disjoncteur(s) (M1, M2).
PCT/DE2005/001050 2005-06-13 2005-06-13 Circuit de commutation, et procede pour commander un disjoncteur WO2006133658A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2005/001050 WO2006133658A1 (fr) 2005-06-13 2005-06-13 Circuit de commutation, et procede pour commander un disjoncteur
DE112005003610T DE112005003610A5 (de) 2005-06-13 2005-06-13 Schaltkreis sowie Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Leistungsschalters
CN2005800501343A CN101199092B (zh) 2005-06-13 2005-06-13 开关电路和控制断路器的方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2005/001050 WO2006133658A1 (fr) 2005-06-13 2005-06-13 Circuit de commutation, et procede pour commander un disjoncteur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006133658A1 true WO2006133658A1 (fr) 2006-12-21

Family

ID=35783206

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2005/001050 WO2006133658A1 (fr) 2005-06-13 2005-06-13 Circuit de commutation, et procede pour commander un disjoncteur

Country Status (3)

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CN (1) CN101199092B (fr)
DE (1) DE112005003610A5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006133658A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103631187A (zh) * 2013-12-12 2014-03-12 国家电网公司 一种快速开关控制装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102064549B (zh) * 2009-11-11 2016-03-16 王海 交流电容器投切方法及投切开关电路
DE102011079552B4 (de) * 2011-07-21 2014-05-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltungsanordnung zum Schalten eines Stromes und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Halbleiter-Leistungsschalters

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4679112A (en) * 1986-07-31 1987-07-07 General Motors Corporation Transistor protection circuit for automotive motor control applications
US5091817A (en) * 1984-12-03 1992-02-25 General Electric Company Autonomous active clamp circuit

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5091817A (en) * 1984-12-03 1992-02-25 General Electric Company Autonomous active clamp circuit
US4679112A (en) * 1986-07-31 1987-07-07 General Motors Corporation Transistor protection circuit for automotive motor control applications

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103631187A (zh) * 2013-12-12 2014-03-12 国家电网公司 一种快速开关控制装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101199092B (zh) 2011-05-25
DE112005003610A5 (de) 2008-03-27
CN101199092A (zh) 2008-06-11

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