WO2006128391A1 - Procede et dispositif pour optimiser la vitesse d'execution - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour optimiser la vitesse d'execution Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006128391A1
WO2006128391A1 PCT/DE2005/000963 DE2005000963W WO2006128391A1 WO 2006128391 A1 WO2006128391 A1 WO 2006128391A1 DE 2005000963 W DE2005000963 W DE 2005000963W WO 2006128391 A1 WO2006128391 A1 WO 2006128391A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speed
speeds
assigned
program
smaller
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2005/000963
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Albert Schlegel
Original Assignee
Albert Schlegel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Albert Schlegel filed Critical Albert Schlegel
Priority to PCT/DE2005/000963 priority Critical patent/WO2006128391A1/fr
Publication of WO2006128391A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006128391A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/416—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration
    • G05B19/4163—Adaptive control of feed or cutting velocity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49109—Control cutting speed as function of tool wire wear, measure diameter of wire

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for optimizing the working speed, in particular during production, and to a device for carrying out this method.
  • the method can be used in all manufacturing processes in which a dependency exists between the working speed and the service life of at least one of the components of the production device. These production processes are essentially named in DIN 8589, Issue 3.81.
  • the constants for formulas are determined by means of which the optimum working speed can be calculated (see VDI Guideline 3321, Issue 3.94, page 3, point 2.3).
  • the test results are ordered according to process, workpiece and tool properties in O
  • the invention has for its object to improve a generic method for optimizing the operating speed so that the process leads to a more accurate result, resulting in a significant cost savings.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a device for carrying out this method.
  • the core idea of the invention is that it is possible to improve the accuracy with which the optimum operating speed is determined by preferably systematically changing the operating speed based on operating speed-dependent characteristic numbers.
  • the optimal working speed depends on a large number of factors that are not covered by guideline values. which were determined in representative manufacturing processes. For example, in machining, the amount, flow direction and composition of the coolant, changing cutting data, frequent cuts, cut breaks, a forged, rolled or cast skin, the workpiece geometry dependent on the thermal conductivity of the workpiece, in terms of analysis, the strength and the structure of different material supplies and the state and stability of the workpiece, workpiece clamping, machine and tool clamping system existing system influence the optimal working speed in a no longer negligible order of magnitude.
  • the operating speed is adjusted in such a way that the optimum operating speed can be determined by comparing the characteristic numbers, based on the operating speed-dependent characteristic numbers.
  • a key figure is preferably assigned to a working speed by calculating the key figure with at least one of these working speed directly or any indirectly dependent size and / or working speed itself and none, one or more other sizes.
  • the key figure can be calculated exactly or iteratively.
  • the key figure can also be assigned explicitly or implicitly. It is also possible to assign a single code, calculated for example as a mean value, to several operating speeds.
  • the operating speed is changed in such a way that the optimum operating speed can be found as a function of the previously assigned characteristic numbers. Furthermore, according to the invention, the operating speed is preferably changed systematically in order to minimize the number of times the operating speed has to be changed.
  • the working speed is changed only in the direction leading to the optimum working speed. This is the direction in which the associated measures have so far approached an at least relative minimum or maximum.
  • the range at the optimum operating speed will go through with a decreasing increment of the working speed until the optimum operating speed is sufficiently accurately determined.
  • working speeds are selected according to the claim 2 in the limitation of the optimal operating speed, which are in the middle or near the middle between the working speeds, which were previously associated with key figures. This approach leads, on the fastest formal path, to the limitation of the optimal working speed.
  • the method can be based on any key figures, preferably costs, which change with the working speed.
  • cost is synonymous with all the costs that are affected by the speed of work, such as machining, manufacturing, production, manufacturing, or cost.
  • the method may be based on other amounts instead of costs that are part of the costs or that include the costs or that approximate the costs or that are related to the costs, such as the raw or the selling price ,
  • the optimal working speed can also be described as the cheapest, most cost-effective, most effective, time-optimal or cost-optimal working speed.
  • the variant of the method can be selected according to claim 3, in which the optimum operating speed is determined by a change in the operating speed, which is based on a ratio that is equal to the value of the previously determined optimal operating speed.
  • the measure can be calculated and, preferably, assigned to the operating speeds on which the data on which the measure was calculated depends.
  • the measure may also be explicitly or implicitly assigned to one or a portion of or all of the operating speeds underlying its determination.
  • the measure can be calculated exactly or iteratively.
  • the characteristic value is again determined according to the invention, taking into account the data determined by the production with the operating speed / s oriented on the characteristic number.
  • At least one further speed is used, which is equal to the again determined characteristic number or which is close to the again determined characteristic number.
  • the metric is typically more accurate when constrained by the operating speeds at which it was determined.
  • the operating speed is changed such that the probability increases that a key figure, which is not limited by the selected for their determination working speeds, is limited by the future selected for their more accurate determination of working speeds.
  • the operating speed is changed such that the probability increases that an index, which is already limited by the selected for their determination work speeds, by the future selected for their more accurate determination of working speeds remains limited.
  • the metric is typically more accurate when all working speeds are close to where it was determined.
  • the more precise determination of the characteristic number is based on those working speeds which close to the previously determined indicator.
  • the method can be accelerated by carrying out with the aid of several production facilities, wherein the same manufacturing process takes place on each production facility and manufactures each production facility at a different operating speed.
  • the method can be completely or partially automated with little effort by means of this already existing control device, resulting in a further cost savings.
  • the method can be carried out at least computer-aided by a computer performing the calculations, requesting the data required for this purpose by a person and requesting a person to carry out the operations necessary for carrying out the method. This relieves the person responsible for the procedure, as it does not have to deal with the details of the execution and the physical background of the procedure.
  • the device for carrying out the method according to claim 7 or 9 consists of at least one production device whose working speed over at least one preferably program-controlled electronic control device is controllable.
  • the control device may consist of individual devices which are connected and which act together.
  • the codes are supplied for further processing, which have resulted in speeds with which the manufacturing device has worked. If the device is capable of performing calculations, the device may also be provided with the data required to calculate the codes. The key figures are then calculated by the device itself. In the best case, the device controls the determination of the data required to calculate the key figures.
  • the device according to claim 7 has a program which according to the invention is capable of controlling the change in the operating speed of the production device in dependence on characteristic numbers such that the optimum operating speed can be determined by comparing characteristic numbers.
  • the device according to claim 8 has a program that is able to change the operating speed of the manufacturing device such that the optimal working speed is limited in the fastest formal way by the change Working speeds are chosen to be working speeds that are in the middle or near the middle between the working speeds to which a metric has been assigned.
  • the program possessed by the device according to claim 9 is able to control the operating speed of the production device in such a way that the production device operates at a speed which is equal to or close to a characteristic number that by changing the operating speed, the index can be determined more accurately.
  • the device according to claim 10 has a program that is able to control the change in the operating speed of the manufacturing device such that a not limited by the selected working speeds for their determination of operating characteristics by the future their more precise determination of selected working speeds is likely to be limited.
  • the device according to claim 11 has in an advantageous embodiment of the device according to claim 9 or 10 via a program that is able to change the speed of the manufacturing facility such that a limited by the selected working speeds for their determination by the future for their more accurate determination of selected working speeds is likely to be limited.
  • the device according to claim 12 has a program which is able to control the change in the operating speed of the manufacturing device such that the more accurate determination of the index are based on those operating speeds, which are close to the previously determined indicator.
  • the program of the device according to claim 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 may consist of several complementary and / or cooperative programs.
  • the quantities which are needed in the course of the process and remain unchanged are collected. These are the machine costs per hour and the tool costs per tool life.
  • the VDI guideline 3321, Issue 3.94, S. 11, T. 8, S. 4, Ziff. 3.1.1 serve as orientation.
  • the processing time is determined, which results when the machine manufactures with a starting value for the working speed. From the beginning of production with a new tool, the amount of stock that the tool can process at the starting value of the working speed can be determined.
  • a new speed can be used, which differs from the previously selected working speeds. While the machine is producing at a new operating speed, it is possible to determine the machining time and the amount of stall that results at this current operating speed.
  • the costs resulting from the production at the current operating speed are calculated in the manner described above.
  • the costs calculated for the individual working speeds are compared with each other.
  • the operating speed is changed in targeted steps, as described below.
  • the first two working speeds which start the search for the optimum working speed, generally have to be freely chosen.
  • the third speed is set to a value which is preferably in the middle between the first two working speeds.
  • the optimum operating speed is through the first two Working speeds already limited. In this case, changes in working speed resulting in the optimum working speed are not required. Then, the optimum operating speed, more precise changes in the operating speed are necessary, as described later.
  • the optimum operating speed is outside the range limited by the first two operating speeds , In this case, changes in the working speed leading to the optimum working speed are required, as described first.
  • the third speed is expedient for the third speed to be set to a value that results when, starting from the operating speed at which the lowest costs have hitherto arisen, the Working speed is changed in the direction in which the costs have fallen so far.
  • the optimal working speed is limited by the three last selected working speeds.
  • this situation can already occur after working at three speeds.
  • the range between the last three selected working speeds can be traversed with a smaller increment of working speed until the optimum working speed is more accurately limited.
  • operating speeds are chosen that are midway or near the middle between two of the previously selected operating speeds, as this is the fastest formal approach for limiting the optimum operating speed.
  • the range bounded by the two working speeds, between which the working speed, at which the lowest costs have hitherto arisen, is traversed with less than the previous steps of the working speed.
  • the variant of the method according to claim 3 can be selected, as explained below with reference to a further example.
  • the factor and the exponent must be known.
  • the factor and exponent for the benchmark equation can be calculated.
  • the optimal cutting speed can be calculated.
  • At least one new cutting speed is produced which is equal to the previously calculated optimum cutting speed or which is close to the previously calculated optimum cutting speed.
  • the tool life with which the tool operates at this cutting speed is determined.
  • the factor and the exponent for the standard value equation are recalculated.
  • Manufacturing with a cutting speed oriented at the previously determined optimum cutting speed, updating the data required to calculate the optimum cutting speed and thereby recalculating the optimum cutting speed is repeated until the optimum cutting speed is found in the desired accuracy.
  • the algorithm with which the optimum cutting speed is calculated can be changed in comparison with the previously used algorithm.
  • An algorithm can be chosen that takes into account the data obtained at more than two of the previously selected cutting speeds.
  • an algorithm can be chosen that describes the reality in more detail.
  • the optimum feed rate can be determined.
  • the feed rate influences the service life of the tool.
  • Fig. 1 shows the relationship between cutting speed
  • the processing costs must first be calculated for the previously or any selected setting of the machine. Then, with an otherwise constant machine setting, the cutting speed can be changed in directed steps as long as the respective stall quantity resulting therefrom is determined, and thus the machining costs can be recalculated until the most cost-effective cutting speed is found.
  • the machine sets the greatest cutting depth that is possible for the workpiece geometry to be produced and that allows the stability of the system consisting of workpiece, workpiece clamping, machine, tool clamping and tool. The workpiece is then machined with the least number of cuts and unnecessary return, infeed, start-up and overflow paths are avoided.
  • the maximum feed rate is set, with which the required surface quality of the workpiece can still be achieved and the largest wear mark width is selected, which allows the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece.
  • the cutting speed or speed is set, which is probably optimal or leads to the lowest processing costs. The more accurately the optimum speed is estimated, the lower the number of measurements needed to optimize the manufacturing process.
  • a 1st measurement is carried out by determining the amount of stall that results at the set speed. For this purpose, the machine is stopped at appropriate time intervals to measure the wear mark width or other criterion selected for the end of tool life. When the desired wear mark width has been set on the tool, the required tool life is equal to the number of tools processed so far with the tool.
  • the processing costs for the current settings are calculated from the determined data. This calculation may include the machine costs per hour or / and the number of workpieces to be machined.
  • tool life and procurement costs per tool can be taken into account when calculating tool costs.
  • the second measurement is for the purpose of determining the direction in which the speed must be changed so that the processing costs decrease.
  • a speed is set in the second measurement, which differs from the speed of the 1st measurement, and the stall amount, which results from the changed speed measured.
  • a third measurement is performed to approach the optimum speed or, in the best case, to limit the optimum speed.
  • the speed set in this measurement depends on the results obtained in the first two measurements, i. the speed is changed in the direction in which the machining costs have fallen in the previous two measurements.
  • a speed is selected in the 3rd measurement, which is greater than the speed of the 2nd measurement.
  • a speed is selected which is smaller than the speed of the 1st measurement, when in the 2nd measurement, a speed was set, which is greater than the speed of the 1st measurement, and the processing costs at the 2nd Measurement is higher than the processing cost of the 1st measurement.
  • the speed is selected in an analogous manner for the 3rd measurement.
  • the speed is increased from the speed of the 1st measurement when the machining cost has increased in the 2nd measurement compared to the machining cost of the 1st measurement. If at the second measurement, the processing costs have fallen compared to the processing costs of the first measurement, the speed is reduced compared to the speed of the 2nd measurement in the 3rd measurement.
  • the processing costs will be recalculated. If the machining costs for the 3rd measurement are greater than the machining costs for the 1st or the 2nd measurement, no further measurements are necessary, which lead to the desired optimum speed, since the optimum speed is already limited and between the speeds which were set in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd measurement.
  • the optimum rotational speed is outside the range that lies between the rotational speeds, that in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd measurement were set. In this case, it is necessary that further measurements be taken in the manner described above, which lead to the optimum speed.
  • the speed is changed from measurement to measurement in the direction selected during the 3rd measurement. This is the direction in which the processing costs fell from the 2nd to the 3rd measurement.
  • the speed is increased; it is reduced if it was reduced in the third measurement compared to the second measurement.
  • Fig. 3 the inventive method is illustrated by a concrete numerical example.
  • a plate is planed on a machining center.
  • the calculations in the example are based on the following data.
  • the plate consists of the tempered steel (42CrMo4) with the number 1.7225 according to DIN 17007. It has a length of 200 mm and a width of 60 mm. Their surface is covered with a millet skin. The cutting zone has a hardness of 220 HB.
  • the tool is a face milling cutter for rough milling with positive square indexable inserts. It has the nominal diameter of 80 mm and is equipped with 5 indexable inserts. The setting angle is 75 réelle The net price for the main body without indexable inserts is 287, - EUR.
  • the indexable inserts (SPKN 1504 EDR according to DIN 4987 / ISO 1832) have an edge length of 15.875 mm, which allows a maximum cutting depth of 12 mm.
  • the inserts are made of coated carbide (HC-P25 according to DIN ISO 513).
  • the net price for an indexable insert is 7.76 EUR.
  • the rapid traverse speed of the machining center is 15 m / min for all axes.
  • the machine is equipped with a tool change system.
  • the time for an automatic tool change is approx. 4 sec.
  • the machine costs are 60, - EUR per hour.
  • the value of 0.75 results with the width of the workpiece (60 mm) and the diameter of the milling cutter (80 mm).
  • the return travel of 513.5 mm is greater than the feed path (300 mm) by the milling length (213.5 mm).
  • the operating costs for the tool such as the costs for administration, storage, transport, restoring, maintenance, repair and spare parts (screws, liners, clamping pieces, wrenches) are neglected in this example.
  • Tool change time per workpiece 4 Feed path per workpiece: 300 Feed speed: 15 Start-up distance per workpiece: 1.5 Drilling, milling or turning path per workpiece: 213.5 Overflow path per workpiece: 1.5
  • Tool Face milling cutter for indexable inserts (SPKN1504EDR) Acquisition cost per tool: 296.7 Costs per resharpening or cutting edge change: 9.7 Regrinding / cutting edge change per tool: 10000 downtime per tool change: 225
  • the speed previously set on the machine is increased by 80 revolutions per minute and it is assumed that with a second measurement for the speed of 630 revolutions per minute, the stall quantity is 149 pieces.
  • the speed of 710 revolutions per minute results in a tool life of 127 pieces and a processing cost of 43,031, - EUR.
  • the optimum speed lies between the speeds set in the 3rd and 5th measurements or between 710 and 870 rpm.
  • the range between the speed of the 3rd measurement and the speed of the 5th measurement is passed through with steps that are 40 revolutions per minute and thus half as large as the steps with which the speed has been changed so far.
  • the speed can be increased or, starting from the fifth measurement, the speed can be reduced, as will be described below.
  • the next speed in the sequence is 830 revolutions per minute.
  • the speed is further increased to 850 rpm at the 8th measurement, resulting in a tool life of 100 pieces and a machining cost of 42,549.00 EUR.
  • the processing costs for the 7th and 8th measurement are higher than the processing costs for the 6 measurement.
  • the area in which the optimum speed is located is further limited by this measurement result. It lies between the speeds of the 7th and 8th measurement or within 810 and 850 revolutions per minute.
  • the processing costs, which were determined in the 7th measurement, are only about 0.16% higher than the processing costs of the 6th measurement. Further measurements can no longer be expected to bring about any improvement that would have any practical significance. The measurements for determining the optimum speed can be terminated.
  • the optimum speed is now the speed at which the lowest machining costs were determined within the scope of the previous measurements. This is the speed set at the 6th measurement. It is 830 revolutions per minute.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

Dans l'état de la technique, les données nécessaires au calcul de la vitesse d'exécution optimale, sont déterminées par des essais, et regroupées dans des tables de valeurs indicatives qui sont utilisées pour réduire les frais de réalisation. L'invention a pour objet d'apporter des améliorations au procédé de l'état de la technique, de sorte que celui-ci conduit à l'obtention d'un résultat plus précis. A cet effet, la vitesse d'exécution est modifiée au cours d'étapes systématiques, jusqu'à ce que la vitesse d'exécution optimale soit déterminée avec la précision souhaitée. Il n'existe pas d'imprécision qui soit en règle générale liée à l'application de valeurs indicatives. L'invention peut s'appliquer à tous les processus de fabrication pour lesquels il existe une relation entre la vitesse d'exécution et la durée de vie de l'outil et/ou la longévité de la machine.
PCT/DE2005/000963 2005-05-25 2005-05-25 Procede et dispositif pour optimiser la vitesse d'execution WO2006128391A1 (fr)

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PCT/DE2005/000963 WO2006128391A1 (fr) 2005-05-25 2005-05-25 Procede et dispositif pour optimiser la vitesse d'execution

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PCT/DE2005/000963 WO2006128391A1 (fr) 2005-05-25 2005-05-25 Procede et dispositif pour optimiser la vitesse d'execution

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2130676A2 (fr) * 2008-05-21 2009-12-09 Manroland AG Procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'une presse
DE102011115432A1 (de) * 2011-10-08 2013-04-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Kostenarmen Betreiben einer Bearbeitungsmaschine
WO2013124352A1 (fr) * 2012-02-24 2013-08-29 Schaepermeier Egbert Procédé de mise en copeaux d'un matériau et dispositifs fonctionnant selon ledit procédé
CN103317442A (zh) * 2012-03-22 2013-09-25 北京德铭纳精密机械有限公司 刀具磨削精度控制方法及其控制系统

Citations (2)

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DE4405660A1 (de) * 1994-02-22 1995-08-24 Wagner Maschf Gustav Verfahren und Anordnung zum Betreiben einer spanabhebenden Werkzeugmaschine, insbesondere Kreissäge-, Fräs-, Schleifmaschine oder dergleichen
DE19860491A1 (de) * 1998-12-28 2000-07-13 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Walzen von Metall

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4405660A1 (de) * 1994-02-22 1995-08-24 Wagner Maschf Gustav Verfahren und Anordnung zum Betreiben einer spanabhebenden Werkzeugmaschine, insbesondere Kreissäge-, Fräs-, Schleifmaschine oder dergleichen
DE19860491A1 (de) * 1998-12-28 2000-07-13 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Walzen von Metall

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Title
RUWANI T ET AL: "A machine learning approach to tool wear behavior operational zones", INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING, 1994., CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 1994 IEEE DENVER, CO, USA 2-6 OCT. 1994, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, 2 October 1994 (1994-10-02), pages 1859 - 1866, XP010124189, ISBN: 0-7803-1993-1 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2130676A2 (fr) * 2008-05-21 2009-12-09 Manroland AG Procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'une presse
EP2130676A3 (fr) * 2008-05-21 2013-11-06 manroland web systems GmbH Procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'une presse
DE102011115432A1 (de) * 2011-10-08 2013-04-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Kostenarmen Betreiben einer Bearbeitungsmaschine
AT512015A1 (de) * 2011-10-08 2013-04-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zum kostenarmen Betreiben einer Bearbeitungsmaschine
WO2013124352A1 (fr) * 2012-02-24 2013-08-29 Schaepermeier Egbert Procédé de mise en copeaux d'un matériau et dispositifs fonctionnant selon ledit procédé
CN103317442A (zh) * 2012-03-22 2013-09-25 北京德铭纳精密机械有限公司 刀具磨削精度控制方法及其控制系统
CN103317442B (zh) * 2012-03-22 2015-10-21 北京德铭纳精密机械有限公司 刀具磨削精度控制方法及其控制系统

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