WO2006120638A2 - Dispositif a retroeclairage polarise - Google Patents

Dispositif a retroeclairage polarise Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006120638A2
WO2006120638A2 PCT/IB2006/051450 IB2006051450W WO2006120638A2 WO 2006120638 A2 WO2006120638 A2 WO 2006120638A2 IB 2006051450 W IB2006051450 W IB 2006051450W WO 2006120638 A2 WO2006120638 A2 WO 2006120638A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
backlight device
light
grating
polarization
optical structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2006/051450
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006120638A3 (fr
Inventor
Hugo J. Cornelissen
Dirk K. G. De Boer
Martin J. J. Jak
Dirk J. Broer
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Publication of WO2006120638A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006120638A2/fr
Publication of WO2006120638A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006120638A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133621—Illuminating devices providing coloured light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0056—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide for producing polarisation effects, e.g. by a surface with polarizing properties or by an additional polarizing elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/22—Function characteristic diffractive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/34—Colour display without the use of colour mosaic filters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a backlight device for use in display devices.
  • the invention proposes a backlight device as defined in claim 1.
  • the invention provides a backlight device comprising an optical structure arranged along said top face in said light-guiding portion so as to angularly separate a light beam into light beams having mutually opposite directions of polarization; and to angularly separate a light beam into a multiple of light beams having different coloring wavelengths, said structure being arranged in such a way that, for a predetermined direction of polarization of said light having passed said structure, said different coloring wavelengths are separated into distinct angular regions.
  • said optical structure can realize a predetermined desired angular separation of a beam having a predetermined polarization into distinct coloring wavelengths.
  • Distinct coloring wavelengths are understood to be at least wavelengths that differ significantly in the human perception. More specifically, these wavelengths comprise red, green and blue wavelengths.
  • Distinct angular regions are understood to mean that, although small overlapping regions may be possible, a majority of the light having a predetermined color and/or polarization is separated from the remaining light.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of the invention having two interface layers
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a second embodiment of the invention with the two interface layers combined
  • Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the invention with a third interface layer
  • Figure 4 shows yet another embodiment of the invention with first, second and third interfaces combined
  • Figure 5 shows a backlight device having a birefringent layer and a grating
  • Figure 6 shows a diffraction efficiency- versus-angle for s-polarized light for the embodiment shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 shows another example of a backlight device having a grating and a birefringent layer
  • Figure 8 shows the experimental results for the backlight of Figure 7
  • Figure 9 shows yet another example of a backlight device having a grating and a birefringent layer
  • Figure 10 shows a first example of a grating showing color separation and focusing
  • Figure 11 shows a second example of a grating showing color separation and focusing.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of an optical structure according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a backlight device 1 comprising a light-guiding portion 2.
  • the light-guiding portion 2 is an optically transparent plate of possibly more than one layered material for illuminating a rear side of a display screen such as will be described below.
  • Light can be provided to the light-guiding portion by a light source 3 which can be connected to a side of the light-guiding portion 2 or (not shown, but shown in, for instance, WO2004/027466) to its bottom face.
  • the top face 4 of the light-guiding portion 2 is designed to allow light to exit via said top face 4. Typically, only light of a predetermined polarization may exit the top face. Alternatively, light of the "wrong" polarization may be reflected back or absorbed in optical materials, which are known in the art.
  • Figure 1 further shows a first interface 5 arranged along the top face 4 in said light-guiding portion 2 so as to angularly separate a light beam into light beams having mutually opposite directions of polarization.
  • first interface 5 arranged along the top face 4 in said light-guiding portion 2 so as to angularly separate a light beam into light beams having mutually opposite directions of polarization.
  • This difference of refraction has the effect that light of different directions of polarization is refracted at different angles, so that angular separation between these directions of polarization is realized.
  • this is shown by different orientations of s and p-polarizations, wherein, by way of illustration, the p-polarized beam almost travels unhindered through the interface 5, whereas the s-polarized beam is refracted more strongly.
  • the p-polarized beam is refracted through a smaller angle with respect to interface 5 than the s-polarized beam.
  • the refracted p-light can be absorbed in a subsequent layer or can be reflected, for instance, by total internal reflection by an adequate choice of refractive indices.
  • the s-polarized beam refracts through a steeper angle and encounters a second interlace 6 arranged along said top face 4 in said light-guiding portion 2 so as to angularly separate a light beam into a multiple of light beams having different coloring wavelengths (R 5 G 5 B).
  • This can be done by a grating having a period ranging from 200 to 2000 nm. In practice, values of 300 to 600 nm and a modulation depth ranging from 50 to 700 nm can be applied.
  • the first-order diffraction for various wavelengths is then angularly separated.
  • said different coloring wavelengths are separated into distinct angular regions after having passed both interlace layers.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a second embodiment of the invention with the two interface layers 5, 6 described hereinbefore with reference to Figure 1 integrated in a single interface layer 7 so as to angularly separate a light beam into light beams having mutually opposite directions of polarization; and to angularly separate a light beam into a multiple of light beams having different coloring wavelengths.
  • This embodiment provides an efficient integration of polarization and color separation by combining the sub-structures of the optical structure disclosed in the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • the refractive indices are chosen to be such that the no of the birefringent material matches an nl of an isotropic optical material facing the birefringent material, the interface is virtually
  • Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of the invention, wherein the angularly separated beams are converged by another optical structure 8 into beams that are spatially separated.
  • Such an interface can be formed, for instance, by a micro-optics layer or a layer as further described with reference to Figures 10 and 11.
  • the result of this convergence is that a micro-pixel in a display device may be illuminated by three substantially parallel different distinct color beams extending along lines normal to the plane of the drawing.
  • Figure 4 shows yet a further embodiment wherein the optical structures described hereinbefore are merged into a single interface layer 9.
  • the effect of separating polarization, color separation and focusing can be achieved by using birefringence, the diffractive grating and a micro-optics structure as illustrated in Figures 10 and 11.
  • Figure 5 shows a realistic example of a first type illustrating the inventive aspects.
  • the Figure shows a light-guiding body 10 having a reflective layer 11 on the bottom face 12 to reflect light traveling downwards.
  • a substrate consisting of a material having a refractive index of more than ⁇ /2 is known to act as a light guide for light incident on one of the sides.
  • a grating of (a film of) material 13 is applied on top of the substrate and is coated with a film of material 14 that follows the grating on one side and is flat on the other.
  • One of the materials 13 or 14 is birefringent with no in the plane of the drawing and ne perpendicular to it.
  • the other material as well as the substrate material is isotropic, with refractive indices as close as possible to no. This implies that light with its electric vector in the plane of the drawing (p-polarized) does not encounter an optical interlace and remains in the light guide by total internal reflection. Light with its electric vector perpendicular to the plane of the drawing (s-polarized), however, will be diffracted by the grating.
  • Figure 6 shows a calculated diffraction efficiency of the arrangement of Figure 5.
  • the refractive index of both the substrate and the material 13 is 1.49
  • ne 1.86.
  • the grating has a period of 400 nm and a modulation depth of 125 nm.
  • the incident light (coming from the left in Figure 5) is assumed to have an isotropic angular distribution.
  • the calculation assumes a long light guide and takes into account multiple reflections, while part of the light is reflected (OR in Figure 5) at each reflection.
  • the diffraction efficiency is shown for light of three different wavelengths as a function of the diffraction angle outside the light guide ( ⁇ _i ⁇ in Figure 5).
  • the solid lines show the contribution of transmitted light (indicated by -IT in Figure 5), whereas the broken lines show the contribution of diffracted reflected light (indicated by -IR in Figure 5).
  • this light is reflected back by an additional mirror into the same direction as the transmitted light (this mirror may also be placed at the same side as the grating).
  • the material may also be a liquid crystal polymer that is polymerized in the right shape.
  • the light should be directed towards the sub-pixels corresponding to the different colors. This can be done by using a lens array.
  • each group of (three) sub-pixels may have a grating directing the light to the right sub-pixels.
  • color separation is not perfect. This means that it may be desired in practice to use color filters so as to absorb light of undesired wavelengths. Note, however, that the absorption will be much smaller than without color separation.
  • Figure 7 shows a set-up in which liquid crystals (LC) can be switched from the state with the optical axis perpendicular to the plane of the drawing to a state with the optical axis in the plane of the drawing.
  • LC liquid crystals
  • a grating structure 15 is provided on a face of an optically isotropic material 16.
  • Liquid crystal layer 17 is provided as an interface for said grating structure so as to align with said grating structure for forming a birefringent region.
  • the grating in the polycarbonate layer has a period of about 400 nm (more generally: between 200 and 2000 nm; color separation can take place in this range).
  • the LC layer 17 is arranged with its optical axis aligned perpendicularly to the plane of the drawing.
  • the total layer stack acts as a light guide for p- polarized light, because the ordinary refractive index of the LC layer 17 is matched to the refractive index of the polycarbonate layer 16.
  • the structured layer acts as a grating 15, leading to outcoupling of the light at angles determined by the wavelength.
  • Figure 8 shows pictures for experimental values of displayed brightness and color of s and p-polarized light, as well as for the s/p contrast ratio (CR).
  • liquid crystals When using liquid crystals, as in Figure 7, one is able to switch from a state in which s-polarized light is coupled out towards a state in which some p-polarized light and no s-polarized light is coupled out.
  • an additional polarizer on top of the display, it is possible to block the p-polarized light.
  • This additional polarizer may generally be already present to enhance the contrast. In this way, a color-separating polarized backlight is obtained, whose amount of outcoupling can be controlled.
  • a rubbed polymer layer 18 is provided for aligning the liquid crystals in combination with the grating 15.
  • the LC layer 17 may have a twist.
  • This twist can be provided by providing a rubbed polymer layer having a rubbing direction which is oriented at an angle relative to the grating direction. Such a twist can be used beneficially in order to provide an output polarization in the same direction as the desired input polarization of the display, for instance, if one has to match a desired polarization orientation of an input device that is to be coupled with the backlight device 1. It is noted that, instead of the grating 15 controlling the alignment of the crystals, another alignment-controlling layer may generally be provided, particularly another rubbed layer 18. The invention also encompasses such embodiments. Said layer 18 may be provided with electrodes 19 so as to selectively align a predetermined portion of said crystals.
  • the electrodes 19 may be provided in the optically isotropic material 16.
  • the electrode structure consists of strip electrodes 19 separated by a thin dielectric layer from a sheet electrode (cf. FFS structure as used by Boe-Hydis: Kim et al., IDW '03, p. 85).
  • the directors can be switched to a nearly vertical position, causing little outcoupling of p-polarized light.
  • local dimming and highlighting is possible by providing a macroscopic structure in the LC layer. Indeed, by locally blocking light exiting the top surface by changing the orientation of the liquid crystals, more light can be directed to the regions where exiting is permitted (highlighting).
  • the structured LC layer as a display (LCD) without an additional LCD, although in that case additional means (e.g. color-sequential backlighting) should be present to modulate the intensities for the three color sub-pixels.
  • additional means e.g. color-sequential backlighting
  • Figure 9 shows yet another example of a backlight device having a grating and a birefringent layer.
  • a grating 20 is provided in an upper isotropic layer.
  • a birefringent layer 21 is present, having no ⁇ ne, with no being roughly equal to the refractive index of the upper isotropic layer.
  • a p-polarized beam reflects back by total internal reflection, whereas the s-polarized beam is coupled out and enters the grating structure 20.
  • Color separation is provided for the s-polarized beam by first-order diffraction.
  • Figure 10 shows an alternative for the third interface shown in Figure 3.
  • a lenticular array can be used to provide focusing of the colored beams
  • the grating can be preferably adapted to provide a focusing effect.
  • Figures 10 and 11 show two different embodiments for providing such a focusing effect.
  • it is shown schematically how a grating can be combined with a curved surface so as to focus the light of different colors onto the corresponding sub-pixels 22.
  • the curved shape is close to spherical or parabolic in the cross-section shown. It may be slightly curved (e.g. elliptical) in the perpendicular direction so as to direct the rays as satisfactorily as possible to the sub- pixels.
  • Figure 11 shows schematically a grating with a period gradient 24 for every three sub-pixels.
  • a linear decrease of the period from about 310 nm on the left to about 540 nm on the right would be appropriate.
  • the period may change slightly in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing so as to direct the rays as satisfactorily as possible to the sub-pixels.
  • the grating structures can be produced in several ways. In a preferred embodiment, they are embossed in a suitable substrate material, e.g. polycarbonate.
  • the master may be made by lithographic means or by a combination of mechanical and lithographic means.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif a rétroéclairage polarisé destiné aux dispositifs d'affichage comprend: une partie de guidage lumineux (2) raccordée à une source lumineuse (3) et possédant une partie supérieure (4) servant à permettre à la lumière de nature prédéterminée de sortir par ladite partie supérieure (4), et une partie optique (5,6,7,8,9,15,20,23) ménagée le long de ladite partie supérieure (4) dans la partie de guidage lumineux (2) pour séparer de façon angulaire un faisceau lumineux en faisceaux lumineux possédant des directions de polarisation opposées et pour séparer de façon angulaire un faisceau lumineux en plusieurs faisceaux lumineux possédant des longueurs d'ondes de couleurs différentes, ladite structure (5,6,7,8,9,15,20,23) étant ménagée de manière à ce que pour une direction de polarisation prédéterminée de ladite lumière ayant passé par ladite structure, ces longueurs d'ondes de couleurs différentes soient séparées en régions angulaires distinctes.
PCT/IB2006/051450 2005-05-13 2006-05-09 Dispositif a retroeclairage polarise WO2006120638A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05104018 2005-05-13
EP05104018.6 2005-05-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006120638A2 true WO2006120638A2 (fr) 2006-11-16
WO2006120638A3 WO2006120638A3 (fr) 2007-03-08

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TW (1) TW200643568A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006120638A2 (fr)

Cited By (8)

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US8922733B2 (en) 2009-10-24 2014-12-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Light source and display system incorporating same
US8950924B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2015-02-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical constructions incorporating a light guide and low refractive index films
US8964146B2 (en) 2009-04-15 2015-02-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film for preventing optical coupling
US9618663B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2017-04-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective articles including optically active areas and optically inactive areas
US9791604B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2017-10-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective articles including optically active areas and optically inactive areas
US9910194B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2018-03-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective articles including optically active areas and optically inactive areas
CN110832390A (zh) * 2018-03-07 2020-02-21 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 液晶显示装置及其制造方法、背光及其制造方法
US10649274B2 (en) 2009-04-15 2020-05-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical construction and display system incorporating same

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US9291752B2 (en) 2013-08-19 2016-03-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflecting optical construction
CN102460244B (zh) 2009-04-15 2014-11-19 3M创新有限公司 具有包括空隙的光学膜的光导和用于显示系统的背光源

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Cited By (18)

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US8964146B2 (en) 2009-04-15 2015-02-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film for preventing optical coupling
US11435616B2 (en) 2009-04-15 2022-09-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical construction and display system incorporating same
US10649274B2 (en) 2009-04-15 2020-05-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical construction and display system incorporating same
US8922733B2 (en) 2009-10-24 2014-12-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Light source and display system incorporating same
US9410677B2 (en) 2009-10-24 2016-08-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Light source and display system incorporating same
US8950924B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2015-02-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical constructions incorporating a light guide and low refractive index films
US9229149B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2016-01-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical constructions incorporating a light guide and low refractive index films
US9482807B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2016-11-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical constructions incorporating a light guide and low refractive index films
US9910194B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2018-03-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective articles including optically active areas and optically inactive areas
US10132969B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2018-11-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective articles including optically active areas and optically inactive areas
US10379271B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2019-08-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective articles including optically active areas and optically inactive areas
US10557976B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2020-02-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective articles including optically active areas and optically inactive areas
US9791604B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2017-10-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective articles including optically active areas and optically inactive areas
US10859738B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2020-12-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective articles including optically active areas and optically inactive areas
US9618663B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2017-04-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective articles including optically active areas and optically inactive areas
CN110832390A (zh) * 2018-03-07 2020-02-21 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 液晶显示装置及其制造方法、背光及其制造方法
EP3762772A4 (fr) * 2018-03-07 2021-10-20 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Appareil d'affichage à cristaux liquides et son procédé de fabrication, rétroéclairage et son procédé de fabrication
US11221517B2 (en) 2018-03-07 2022-01-11 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display apparatus and fabricating method thereof, back light and fabricating method thereof

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Publication number Publication date
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TW200643568A (en) 2006-12-16

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