WO2006111593A1 - Interferometre optique - Google Patents

Interferometre optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006111593A1
WO2006111593A1 PCT/ES2006/000175 ES2006000175W WO2006111593A1 WO 2006111593 A1 WO2006111593 A1 WO 2006111593A1 ES 2006000175 W ES2006000175 W ES 2006000175W WO 2006111593 A1 WO2006111593 A1 WO 2006111593A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
electric field
cavity
interferometer according
optical interferometer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2006/000175
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
José CAPMANY FRANCOY
Salvador Sales Maicas
Daniel Pastor Abellan
Beatriz Ortega Tamarit
Pascual MUÑOZ MUÑOZ
Alfonso Martinez Garcia
Original Assignee
Universidad Politecnica De Valencia
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad Politecnica De Valencia filed Critical Universidad Politecnica De Valencia
Publication of WO2006111593A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006111593A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35303—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using a reference fibre, e.g. interferometric devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B9/02—Interferometers
    • G01B9/02041—Interferometers characterised by particular imaging or detection techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
    • G01C19/64—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
    • G01C19/64—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
    • G01C19/72—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
    • G01C19/727—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers using a passive ring resonator
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
    • G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference
    • G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference in an optical waveguide structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
    • G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
    • G01J2009/0276—Stellar interferometer, e.g. Sagnac
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference
    • G02F1/211—Sagnac type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/58—Multi-wavelength, e.g. operation of the device at a plurality of wavelengths
    • G02F2203/585—Add/drop devices

Definitions

  • the present invention applies to the field of telecommunications, particularly in optical communication networks, extending its application to the industrial sectors that use them for high-speed data transmission, such as in mobile telephony, communications in space systems , telemedicine, etc., apart from being applicable in the study of the optical properties of some components involved in such communication systems.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an optical interferometer that is manufactured with integrated optics technology, similar to a Sagnac interferometer, having multiple resonant cavities, instead of a single Sagnac cavity, which are also selective in wavelength and They allow independent control, so that the optical signal can be accessed and manipulated in each channel without interference from the rest that are transmitted in the remaining cavities due to their corresponding wavelengths.
  • Waveguide Grating built in general and basically by two optical star couplers joined by a group of waveguides with different lengths and curvatures each, manufactured on the same substrate, conventionally of materials of the group Si / S ⁇ O2, GaAs / AIGaAs, or InGaAlAs / lnP.
  • AWG multiplexers / demultiplexers combine and separate, in a plurality of input and output ports (MxN), the optical signals of different wavelengths in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) systems.
  • interferometric fiber optic techniques are applied today with multiple benefits.
  • the interferometers are, defined in a general way, optical instruments that divide a wave into two using a beam splitter, unevenly retarding these two waves, which are redirected using mirrors, to be recombined by the same or another splitter. beam, detecting the intensity of the superposition between both optical waves.
  • beam detecting the intensity of the superposition between both optical waves.
  • optical interferometers There are four important types of optical interferometers: a) Mach-Zehnder, b) Michelson, c) Fabry-Peot and d) Sagnac.
  • the waves travel through a single path, guided by the fiber Sagnac cavity or dielectric waveguide, but in opposite directions.
  • the Sagnac interferometer can be used as a detector of the rotation sensitivity and it is mainly basic for the design of a gyroscopic laser ring used in inertial guiding systems, although it has many other applications, such as development of ultrafast demultiplexers.
  • the invention described herein consists of an optical interferometer characterized in that it comprises a Sagnac cavity with the original feature that said cavity is split into multiple selective resonant wavelength cavities.
  • This peculiar characteristic of the interferometer of the invention makes it possible to control the signal transported by each wavelength individually, being able to manipulate it independently to those of the rest of the channels, by altering the phase symmetry, by introducing non-linear elements in each resonant cavity, between the signals that propagate in the clockwise direction and those that go in the opposite direction.
  • the plurality of cavities constitutes a great advantage over a traditional Sagnac interferometer, where there is no wavelength selectivity and, therefore, allows extending the operations that can be performed with this device to DWDM signals and other applications that are discussed below.
  • the proposed interferometer consists of a Sagnac fiber optic or dielectric waveguide cavity, into which two AWG multiplexers / demultiplexers with an input port and a plurality of output ports are inserted.
  • AWG multiplexers / demultiplexers with an input port and a plurality of output ports are inserted.
  • These cavities are selective in wavelength, since AWG devices exclusively allow transit through each input-output configuration of a passband, centered on a different wavelength.
  • the optical interferometer incorporates a single AWG multiplexer / demultiplexer, but with two input ports instead of one, the number of output ports must be doubled at the same time to obtain the same capacity as in the previous alternative embodiment with two AWG devices.
  • the N resonant cavities are formed by closing each exit waveguide with its adjoining one.
  • the manufacturing technique of the described optical interferometer constitutes another fundamental advantage of the device, since it is very similar to that of a Sagnac fiber optic or integrated interferometer.
  • it can be manufactured in:
  • the described interferometer can execute in parallel N operations of the same class, or alternatively, carry out up to N different operations, among those mentioned above, performed in the N cavities that it has.
  • Figure 1 shows a graphic representation of a Sagnac interferometer, known in the state of the art.
  • Figure 2. Shows a graphic representation of the optical interferometer, where the signals with wavelengths ⁇ -i, ⁇ -i, circulate in their N resonant cavities . . . , ⁇ q, ..., AN according to the object of the invention, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, with two AWG multiplexers / demultiplexers, according to a configuration of the invention in total reflection.
  • Figure 3. Shows a graphical representation of the optical interferometer, where the signals with wavelengths ⁇ i, ⁇ i ⁇ q, ..., ⁇ N circulate in their N resonant cavities according to the object of the invention. according to the preferred embodiment with two AWG multiplexers / demultiplexers, according to a configuration of the invention in total transmission.
  • Figure 4. Shows a graphic representation of the optical interferometer, according to the preferred embodiment with two AWG multiplexers / demultiplexers, applied to the reconfigurable optical path switching in WDM systems.
  • Figure 5. Shows a graphic representation of the optical interferometer, according to the preferred embodiment with two AWG multiplexers / demultiplexers, applied to the demultiplexing of signals in OTDM systems to WDM or DWDM systems.
  • Figure 6. Shows a possible embodiment of the layout for the implementation of the optical interferometer in planar silica-on-silicon technology.
  • Figure 7 shows a graphic representation of another preferred embodiment of the optical interferometer, with a single AWG multiplexer / demultiplexer with double input and output ports, obtaining the N resonant cavities according to the object of the invention.
  • an embodiment of the invention consists of an optical interferometer comprising an internal Sagnac cavity of dielectric waveguide or optical fiber (1), to which a polychromatic optical signal with an electrical input field (Ee) is introduced ) containing multiple wavelengths ( ⁇ - ⁇ , ⁇ i ⁇ q , ..., ⁇ N), which incorporates in said cavity two multiplexers / demultiplexers (5) of the type of guided AWG diffraction networks.
  • Ee electrical input field
  • Each of these multiplexers / demultiplexers (5) has an input port and a plurality (N) of output ports, which working together divide the Sagnac cavity of the interferometer into a plurality (N) of independent cavities, which are selective at different wavelengths ( ⁇ -i, ⁇ i ⁇ q, ..., ⁇ N).
  • the interferometer reflects all the signal present at the input, so that the value of the transmitted electric field (ET) by said Cavity is null, the electric field being reflected (ER) by the cavity equal to the electric field of the input (Ee), as shown in Figure 2, where the internal fields that propagate through the resonant cavities in the sense are also represented clockwise (Er) and counterclockwise (Ecr) respectively, for a total reflection setting.
  • both a transmitted electric field (1) is obtained in the dielectric waveguide or optical fiber (1).
  • E 1 - as a non-zero reflected electric field (E R ).
  • the coupling ratio (K) presented by the coupler (2) is varied.
  • Figure 4 shows an application of the interferometer, in which the coupler (2) has a coupling ratio (K) of 0.5, for a circuit switching, where for a channel of a certain wavelength ( ⁇ i , ⁇ i ⁇ q , ..., ⁇ N), a semiconductor laser amplifier (7) is inserted into the corresponding resonant cavity, so that Ia signal that corresponds to each wavelength channel ( ⁇ i, ⁇ - ⁇ , ..., ⁇ q , ..., ⁇ N) experiences a reflection with a reflected electric field (ER), or is transmitted with a transmitted electric field (Ex), by the resonant cavity in which it circulates and in which the semiconductor laser amplifier (7) is inserted.
  • K coupling ratio
  • the gain of the semiconductor laser amplifier (7) is maintained at a fixed value by means of the continuous injection of an electric polarization current (6), as shown in Figure 4.
  • an electric polarization current (6) applied to the semiconductor laser amplifier (7) inserted in each resonant cavity, the signal with the wavelength ( ⁇ i, ⁇ i ⁇ q , ..., AN) that travels inside such cavity, in either direction, It is reflected or, on the contrary, transmitted.
  • the interferometer acts as a WDM demultiplexer that can be applied to switch optical paths in networks based on wavelength switching.
  • Figure 5 shows another application of the optical interferometer, also with a coupler (2) whose coupling ratio (K) is 0.5, which serves as a demultiplexer of OTDM signals carried by different WDM channels.
  • a semiconductor laser amplifier (7) is also incorporated in each resonant cavity, but the gain of each semiconductor laser amplifier (7) is modified dynamically, by means of the injection of a control signal (8), which consists of a time-varying electric polarization current, or is a pulsed optical signal that periodically saturates the gain of the amplifier (7).
  • the temporary extraction window that characterizes the OTDM-DWDM demultiplexer constituted by the interferometer is fixed by the duration and intensity of the pulses of the control signal (8) that are applied in each resonant cavity to the semiconductor laser amplifier (7) that incorporates
  • Such control signal (8) can be of independent period and characteristics for each wavelength ( ⁇ i, ⁇ i ⁇ q , ..., ⁇ N ), switching speeds of 10 Gb / s or even 40 Gb / s can be easily achieved.
  • Figure 6 shows a plot for the arrangement of the interferometer in planar silica-silicon technology.
  • optical interferometer consists of incorporating a single multiplexer / demultiplexer (5) which is of the type of AWG guided diffraction networks, as long as the AWG guided diffraction multiplexer / demultiplexer (5) has two input ports , instead of just one, plus twice the output ports with respect to the number (N) of desired resonant cavities in the meter.
  • Each resonant cavity is formed by closing each round of waveguide or fiber (1) of exit with its contiguous one, in the manner shown in Figure 7.
  • Figure 7 represents the interferometer with a multiplexer / demultiplexer (5), seen from left to right, incorporating a semiconductor laser amplifier (7), controlled by an electrical or optical signal, inserted into each resonant cavity.
  • detail B of Figure 7 represents the interferometer seen from right to left, where the closure of the resonant cavities can be seen in the inlet port opposite to that seen previously in the first detail A of Figure 7.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Instruments For Measurement Of Length By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

L'interféromètre comprend une cavité à effet Sagnac de guide d'onde diélectrique ou de fibre optique (1) fermée par un coupleur (2) à rapport de couplage (K), et dans lequel on introduit un signal optique polychromatique ayant un champ électrique d'entrée (Ee) et plusieurs longueurs d'onde (?-1, ?-1, ..., ?q, ..., ?N). Il est possible de diviser la cavité à effet Sagnac dudit interféromètre en plusieurs (N) cavités résonnantes indépendantes et sélectives en longueur d'onde, en introduisant un multiplexeur/démultiplexeur (5) AWG à deux entrées et à 2xN sorties ou en introduisant deux multiplexeurs/démultiplexeurs AWG à une entrée et à N sorties. Le signal se diffuse en circulant dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre au moyen d'un champ électrique interne (Er) et dans le sens contraire au moyen d'un autre champ interne (Ecr) à l'intérieur de chaque cavité résonnante et pour chaque longueur d'onde, pour se réfléchir avec un champ électrique réfléchi (ER) ou pour émettre un champ électrique transmis (ET).
PCT/ES2006/000175 2005-04-19 2006-04-11 Interferometre optique WO2006111593A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP200500995 2005-04-19
ES200500995A ES2261081B1 (es) 2005-04-19 2005-04-19 Interferometro optico.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006111593A1 true WO2006111593A1 (fr) 2006-10-26

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015082738A1 (fr) * 2013-12-05 2015-06-11 Universitat Politècnica De València Dispositif photonique intégré
CN105352491A (zh) * 2015-11-16 2016-02-24 中国电子科技集团公司第四十九研究所 一种用于光纤陀螺延长光程的y波导结构

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5969816A (en) * 1997-07-05 1999-10-19 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Direction switched mode-locked laser gyroscope
US6097486A (en) * 1998-04-03 2000-08-01 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Fiber optic acoustic sensor array based on Sagnac interferometer
US6490045B1 (en) * 1998-10-09 2002-12-03 University Of Southhampton Fibre optic sensor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5969816A (en) * 1997-07-05 1999-10-19 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Direction switched mode-locked laser gyroscope
US6097486A (en) * 1998-04-03 2000-08-01 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Fiber optic acoustic sensor array based on Sagnac interferometer
US6490045B1 (en) * 1998-10-09 2002-12-03 University Of Southhampton Fibre optic sensor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015082738A1 (fr) * 2013-12-05 2015-06-11 Universitat Politècnica De València Dispositif photonique intégré
US9588290B2 (en) 2013-12-05 2017-03-07 Universidad Politecnica De Valencia Photonic integrated device
CN105352491A (zh) * 2015-11-16 2016-02-24 中国电子科技集团公司第四十九研究所 一种用于光纤陀螺延长光程的y波导结构

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ES2261081A1 (es) 2006-11-01

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