WO2006094431A1 - Couvercle d'obturation, ensemble de tete d'essai et appareil d'essai les utilisant - Google Patents

Couvercle d'obturation, ensemble de tete d'essai et appareil d'essai les utilisant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006094431A1
WO2006094431A1 PCT/CN2005/000282 CN2005000282W WO2006094431A1 WO 2006094431 A1 WO2006094431 A1 WO 2006094431A1 CN 2005000282 W CN2005000282 W CN 2005000282W WO 2006094431 A1 WO2006094431 A1 WO 2006094431A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hood
test
top plate
test cup
head assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2005/000282
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Encong Liu
Jinsheng Yu
Xiaolin Yang
Xiaoding Wu
Original Assignee
Beijing Yuande Bio-Medical Engineering Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beijing Yuande Bio-Medical Engineering Co., Ltd. filed Critical Beijing Yuande Bio-Medical Engineering Co., Ltd.
Priority to PCT/CN2005/000282 priority Critical patent/WO2006094431A1/zh
Publication of WO2006094431A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006094431A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/02—Mechanical
    • G01N2201/022—Casings

Definitions

  • Hood, detection head assembly and speculating instrument comprising the same
  • the invention belongs to the field of testing equipment, and in particular to a detecting head assembly for detecting a light signal in a test cup, a medical detecting device for detecting an optical signal in the test cup, and a microplate Photon counter.
  • detecting instruments for detecting an optical signal
  • the principle is that the collected or detected optical signal is converted into a voltage or current signal by a photoelectric conversion device, and then amplified.
  • quantum physics a new type of highly sensitive photodetector called a single photon counter has been developed. It is widely used in aerospace, aerospace, military, public security, medical, scientific research, environmental protection, agriculture and industry.
  • Microplate single photon counters have been widely used in many aspects such as clinical diagnosis. For example, it can be used for immunological and genetic analysis, and can be used for the determination of various hormones, drugs, vitamins, tumors and infection-related substances. It is generally composed of a test head, a test cup, a transfer mechanism equipped with a test cup, a chassis, a control system, and a computer control system.
  • the microplate single photon counter is tested as follows: The operator places the prepared sample to be placed in the test cup and is mounted in a kit (eg a standard 96-well microplate with 12 rows per test cup) 8 orders), then put the kit on the pallet inside the counter, cover the door, press the switch, the pallet enters the chassis under the drive mechanism, after the kit enters the chassis, the chassis will appear Light sealed state. The head of the head assembly in the counter is tested for each hole by relative movement with the kit. After the test, the door is opened and the sample is taken out.
  • a kit eg a standard 96-well microplate with 12 rows per test cup
  • the microplate single photon counter is a device for detecting the number of photons in the sample cup, there is a high requirement for the light seal.
  • the head assembly used in the current testing apparatus is shown in Figure 17, which shows the detection of one of the plurality of test cups that are integrally connected together or adjacently placed together in Figure 17 When the head 1 of the detecting head assembly is engaged with the plurality of test cups 6.
  • a plurality of test cups e.g., 96
  • a kit e.g., a 96-well microplate
  • the test cup is a disposable plastic product, and the cup mouth is not flat.
  • the so-called secondary sealing defect refers to the fact that the mounting height of each test cup has an error, so that the adjacent test cup or the target test cup cannot be closely pressed against the top plate 102 of the chassis, so that the light in the adjacent test cup will be The head is sent to the head assembly.
  • the light intensity of the adjacent test cup is relatively high, the light intensity of the target test cup is weak, which has a great influence on the test result.
  • the detection apparatus for detecting the optical signal in the test cup and the microplate single photon counter provided include the detection head assembly of the first aspect of the invention. The problem of secondary light seal defects is solved by the detection head assembly of the present invention.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a test head assembly for use in a test instrument for detecting an optical signal in a test cup, comprising:
  • top plate having a through hole therein
  • a lighting head for connecting to a photoelectric conversion device for collecting an optical signal in the detected test cup and transmitting the collected optical signal to the photoelectric conversion device, wherein the photoelectric conversion device is used for collecting from the test cup Optical signal is converted into an electrical signal
  • the position of the head is fixed relative to the top plate, and the lower end of the head is inserted into the through hole of the top plate; more than one test cups adjacently arranged or connected together during detection can be together
  • the conveying mechanism of the detecting instrument transmits to move one of the test cups to the underside of the through hole provided on the top plate and align the top opening of the test cup with the lower end of the collecting head to facilitate the light collecting head to collect the light signal therein;
  • a cylindrical hood having a centrally penetrating passage, a portion of the hood being inserted into the through hole of the top plate, and being disposed such that the lower end of the glazing head is inserted into the hood
  • the louver is surrounded by the hood, and the hood can slide up and down along the longitudinal direction of the optical head and the longitudinal direction of the through hole of the top plate, and the lower end thereof can be in the protruding position when sliding downward.
  • the hood when the hood slides upward, the lower end thereof can be in a retracted position, and during operation, the test cup when the internal reagent is detected is transported by the transport mechanism to the underside of the through hole of the top plate and
  • the hood When the lower end of the lighting head is aligned, the hood is in a protruding position by sliding downward, and the size of the lower end of the hood is matched with the size of the top opening of the test cup, so that when the hood is in the protruding position It isolates the top opening of the test cup from ambient light surrounding it, obscuring light interference from the surrounding environment or test cups in the vicinity thereof.
  • An advantage of the first aspect of the present invention is that since a hood is provided on the concentrating head, when detecting a test cup, the hood slides downward, so that the lower end of the hood and the open cup top of the target test cup Or the top of the cup contacts or slightly penetrates into the seam between the target test cup and the adjacent test cup, so that the light outside the target test cup can be blocked from being transmitted to the head.
  • the hood of the present invention also has a shielding effect on light leakage of the chassis caused by various reasons.
  • a preferred solution of the first aspect of the invention is as follows:
  • a gap may be left between the hood and the concentrating head to prevent the hood from sliding up and down to cause vibration interference to the concentrating head.
  • a guide sleeve may also be included, the guide sleeve having a sliding pass running through the center thereof a slidably disposed therein, wherein an inner contour shape and a size of the hood are adapted and matched with an outer contour shape and a size of the hood, and the guide sleeve is inserted into the through hole of the top plate And being fixed relative to the casing such that a wall of the hood is disposed between an outer wall of the lighting head and an inner wall of the guiding sleeve, and between the guiding sleeve and the through hole of the top plate The light seal is performed, and the upper and lower sliding of the hood is performed in the guide sleeve and guided by the guide sleeve.
  • the guiding sleeve will make the hood of the hood slide more smoothly and reliably.
  • the guiding sleeve has a stopping portion, and the hood is provided with a pressing portion, and when the hood slides downward, the pressing portion abuts against the stopping portion, so that the The hood stops in its protruding position without further sliding.
  • the stop portion may conveniently be formed by the upper end portion of the guide sleeve, and the pressing portion may be constituted by a flange at the upper end of the hood.
  • the abutment portion may also be constructed of components or portions at other locations on the hood.
  • the pressing portion may be disposed outside the central portion of the hood.
  • the stop can also be formed by other parts of the guide sleeve.
  • the guide sleeve may have a sliding groove formed thereon for the pressing portion of the hood to slide therein.
  • the chute can extend upward from the middle of the guide sleeve. In this case, the chute and the pressing portion may function as a guide, and the bottom of the chute and the pressing portion may function as a stop.
  • the invention may also include a force applying mechanism for enabling the hood to be slid to the projected position or for illuminating the hood to the projecting position and for sliding to its retracted position.
  • a force applying mechanism for enabling the hood to be slid to the projected position or for illuminating the hood to the projecting position and for sliding to its retracted position.
  • the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the lower end opening of the hood are chamfered, and the inner circumference chamfer and the outer circumference chamfer meet to form a tip end, and the test cup has a plurality of, the applying force
  • the mechanism includes at least one force applying spring, each of the biasing springs being a substantially C-shaped shape, the lower end of which is fixed relative to the chassis, and the upper end thereof is in contact with the hood to apply a predetermined predetermined pressure to the hood, so that the hood is normally pressed to be in its protruding position, and when the plurality of hoods are supported
  • the microplate of the test cup is moved to bring the top of the test cup into contact with the chamfer of the hood, the hood is slid up and down by the urging spring and the chamfering, wherein
  • the spring presses the tip of the lower end chamfer of
  • the urging mechanism may also be an electric motor that is fixed relative to the chassis.
  • the motor is drivingly connected to the hood through a transmission component and controlled by a control circuit to drive and control the hood upward or as needed. Swipe down.
  • a control circuit to drive and control the hood upward or as needed. Swipe down.
  • the outer periphery of the top opening of the test cup may also be rounded. This will work with the chamfer at the lower end of the hood, making the hood slide up and down more smoothly. Moreover, when the hood is in the projecting position, the inner chamfer of its lower end just abuts against the rounding, which further improves the light sealing effect.
  • the light collecting head is a fiber optic tube; and the photoelectric conversion device is a photomultiplier tube assembly.
  • the spring is made of a stainless spring wire and the predetermined pressure applied by the spring to the hood is 0.05N.
  • the predetermined pressure ensures a light seal by sliding down the hood.
  • the urging springs have a total of four, and are arranged equidistantly circumferentially around the hood and fixed to the top plate.
  • the predetermined pressure applied to the hood can be evenly divided in the circumferential direction. Cloth, so as to ensure that it does not skew when sliding up and down.
  • the guiding sleeve and the biasing spring can be fixed to the top plate by using a simple structure: the lower circumference of the guiding sleeve is provided with a fixing flange, and the fixing flange is provided with a fixed through hole, The lower end of the biasing spring is provided with a fixing ring, and the top surface of the top plate is provided with a threaded hole, and the guiding sleeve and the biasing spring are fixed together on the top plate by screws screwed into the hole The top.
  • the lower end of the hood is inserted between the test cup to be tested and the test cup adjacent thereto A light seal is achieved by sewing in contact with the top of the test cup being tested.
  • the inner chamfer of the lower portion of the hood forms a frusto-shaped opening that can be engaged with the top of the cup or the top of the cup with a rounded outer circumference to ensure the lower portion of the hood A light seal is achieved by reliable contact with the top of the cup mouth.
  • the hood is preferably made of a wear resistant material having a low coefficient of friction.
  • the hood may be made of polytetrafluoroethylene or bronze, and the guide sleeve may be made of bronze.
  • the hood, the guiding sleeve and the concentrating head may all have a cylindrical shape, and a single-sided gap between the inner diameter of the hood and the outer diameter of the glazing head is 0.3 ⁇ to 0.4 ⁇ . . To ensure a gap between the hood and the concentrating head.
  • a preferred embodiment of the hood according to this aspect has an upper flange having a diameter large enough to extend beyond the inner surface of the through hole of the top plate, the weight of the hood being such that In the case where the upper flange is seated on the edge of the through hole of the top plate due to the gravity of the hood, the hood is usually in its protruding position, and when the hood is subjected to the test cup The hood can be pushed up when the cup mouth is applied to the upward thrust at its lower end. Can also use this
  • the scheme of the weight of the hood itself is further improved as follows:
  • the hood may further have: a reduced diameter middle portion, such that a middle portion of the hood forms a ring groove, and a gap exists between an outer surface thereof and an inner surface of the through hole of the top plate, so that The hood is engaged with the through hole of the top plate as a loose fit; the lower outer flange, the inner contour shape and size of the through hole of the top plate are adapted to the outer contour shape and size of the lower outer flange And cooperating such that the lower outer flange is guided by the through hole of the top plate. Since the engagement of the hood with the through hole of the top plate is a loose fit and the length of the guide by the lower outer flange is short, it is possible to prevent the hood from being caught when sliding up and down.
  • the hood may further have: a lower inner flange, a lower inner circumference chamfer and a lower outer circumference chamfer, wherein the lower inner circumference chamfer and the lower outer circumference chamfer junction form a tip, and the lower inner chamfer And a lower outer chamfer is located radially outward of the rim of the lower inner flange, and a radially inner portion of the lower surface of the lower flange is horizontal.
  • This configuration facilitates the smooth movement of the test cup and the lower end of the hood.
  • the test cup has a plurality of, and when the microplate supporting the plurality of test cups moves to bring the top of the test cup into contact with the chamfer of the hood, the gravity and the The chamfer cooperates to slide the hood up and down, wherein when the tip of the hood intersects at the intersection of the test cup and the adjacent test cup, the gravity chamfers the lower end of the hood The tip is pressed into the seam.
  • the hood is made of tin bronze.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a detecting apparatus for detecting an optical signal in a test cup, the apparatus comprising the detecting head assembly of the first aspect of the invention and its preferred embodiment as described above;
  • a chassis that is optically sealed when the one or more test cups are transferred into it, isolating the test cup from ambient light outside the chassis;
  • the light collecting head is fixedly connected to the photoelectric conversion device
  • the end of the photoelectric conversion device is fixed relative to the chassis;
  • the transfer mechanism is fixed relative to the chassis;
  • the one or more test cups integrally connected together or adjacently placed can be carried by a microplate, and the microplate carrying the test cup can be placed together with the test cup carried thereon.
  • the transport mechanism On the transport mechanism;
  • the transfer mechanism can carry the microplate with a test cup and transfer the microplate to move the test cup such that its top rests on or under the top surface of the top plate
  • the surface leaves a certain gap, and the top openings of the one or more test cups are sequentially under the through holes, and are sequentially aligned with the lighting heads so that the optical heads collect the optical signals in the respective test cups one by one.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides a microplate single photon counter comprising the detection head assembly of the first aspect of the invention or its preferred embodiment; further the counter further comprises:
  • a chassis that is optically sealed when the one or more test cups are transferred into it, isolating the test cup from ambient light outside the chassis;
  • a single photon counter that is fixed relative to the chassis and includes the photoelectric conversion device, the polishing head is fixedly coupled to an end of the photoelectric conversion device; the transfer mechanism is fixed relative to the chassis ;
  • the one or more test cups that are connected together or adjacently placed together can be carried by a microplate that can be placed on the transport mechanism along with the test cup carried by it;
  • the transfer mechanism can carry the microplate with a test cup and transport the microplate into the chassis to move the test cup within the closed enclosure with its top resting against the lower surface of the top panel or Separating a certain gap from the lower surface of the top plate, and sequentially placing the top openings of the one or more test cups under the through holes, and sequentially aligning with the lighting heads so that the lighting heads are collected one by one in each test cup.
  • Optical signal can carry the microplate with a test cup and transport the microplate into the chassis to move the test cup within the closed enclosure with its top resting against the lower surface of the top panel or Separating a certain gap from the lower surface of the top plate, and sequentially placing the top openings of the one or more test cups under the through holes, and sequentially aligning with the lighting heads so that the lighting heads are collected one by one in each test cup.
  • Optical signal can carry the microplate with a test cup and transport the microplate into the chassis to move the test cup within the closed enclosure with its top resting against the lower surface of the top
  • a fourth aspect of the invention provides a method for detecting an optical signal in a test cup a hood for detecting the instrument, which has a cylindrical shape and has a central through passage, a part of the hood can be inserted into the through hole of the top plate of the detecting instrument, and the inner surface of the hood is shielded from the hood Surrounding the hood, the lower end of the hood is sized to match the size of the top opening of the test cup such that when the lower end of the hood is aligned with the top opening of the test cup, the top opening of the test cup is surrounded by Ambient light isolation.
  • the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the lower end opening of the hood are chamfered, and the inner circumference chamfer and the outer chamfer meet to form a tip end.
  • the upper end of the hood is provided with a peripheral flange.
  • the hood is made of a wear resistant material having a small coefficient of friction.
  • the hood is made of polytetrafluoroethylene or bronze.
  • the hood and the concentrating head are both cylindrical, and a single-sided gap between the inner diameter of the hood and the outer diameter of the glazing head is 0.3 ⁇ to 0.4 ⁇ .
  • the hood has an upper flange having a diameter large enough to extend beyond the inner surface of the through hole of the top plate, the weight of the hood being such that the upper flange is normally owed by the hood Gravity acts against the rim of the through hole of the top plate, such that the hood is normally in its protruding position, and when the hood is subjected to the upward thrust of the cup of the test cup applied to its lower end The hood can be pushed up.
  • the hood further has: a reduced diameter middle portion, such that a middle portion of the hood forms a ring groove, and a gap exists between an outer surface thereof and an inner surface of the through hole of the top plate, such that The hood is matched with the through hole of the top plate as a loose fit; the lower outer flange is provided with a chamfer at a lower portion of the lower outer flange, and the inner contour shape and size of the through hole of the top plate are The outer contour shape and dimensions of the lower outer flange are adapted and matched such that the lower outer flange is subjected to the The guide of the through hole of the top plate.
  • the hood further has: a lower inner flange and a lower inner circumference chamfer and a lower outer circumference chamfer, wherein the lower inner circumference chamfer and the lower outer circumference chamfer junction form a tip end, the lower inner chamfer and The lower outer chamfer is on a radially outer side of the rim of the lower inner flange, and a radially inner portion of the lower surface of the lower flange is horizontal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the single photon counter of the present invention taken along a vertical plane;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a single photon counter of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a test head assembly of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a top plate for a single photon counter or for a test head assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a single photon counter or a top plate for a test head assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a guide sleeve of a detecting head assembly used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a top plan view of a guide sleeve for a test head assembly of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a top plan view of a biasing spring for a detecting head assembly of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a partially cutaway left side elevational view of a biasing spring of a head assembly for use in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a hood of a detecting head assembly used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 11 is a cutaway perspective view of a hood for use in a head assembly of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a detecting head assembly of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention which can be used in the single photon counter of the present invention
  • Figure 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mask of a detecting head assembly usable in a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a cutaway perspective view of a mask of a detecting head assembly usable in a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a test cup that can be used in conjunction with the test head assembly of the present invention
  • Figure 16 is a top plan view of a second embodiment of a test cup that can be used in conjunction with the test head assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a prior art detecting head assembly.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 illustrate a microplate single photon counter in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, including a detection head assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention as part of the same.
  • the head assembly of the preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail below with reference to Figures 3-14.
  • a detecting head assembly for detecting an optical signal in a test cup includes: a top plate 5, a top plate 5 constituting a part of a single photon counter and a cover plate thereon A through hole 52 is provided; a cylindrical optical head 1 for connecting to a photoelectric conversion device for collecting an optical signal in the detected test cup 6 and transmitting the collected optical signal to the photoelectric conversion device
  • the photoelectric conversion device is configured to convert an optical signal collected from the test cup into an electrical signal.
  • the lighting head is a fiber tube
  • the photoelectric conversion device is a photomultiplier tube assembly. twenty four.
  • the position of the daylighting head 1 is fixed relative to the top plate 5, i.e., fixed to the photomultiplier tube assembly 24, and the photomultiplier tube assembly 24 is secured to the top plate.
  • the detecting head assembly of the present invention further includes a cylindrical hood 2 and a cylindrical guide sleeve 3, but the guide sleeve 3 is not essential.
  • the detecting head assembly according to the second embodiment shown in Fig. 12 has no guide sleeve.
  • the hood 2 or the guide sleeve 3 may be made of a wear resistant material having a small friction coefficient.
  • the hood 2 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the guide sleeve 3 is made of bronze.
  • the invention is not limited to the materials listed.
  • the hood is made of bronze.
  • the hood 2 has a passage 21 through which the center passes.
  • the guide sleeve 3 has a sliding passage 36 penetrating therethrough for sliding the hood therein.
  • the inner contour of the guide sleeve 3 is sized and matched to the outer contour shape and size of the hood 2.
  • a fixing flange 31 is provided on the outer periphery of the lower portion of the guide sleeve 3.
  • a fixing through hole 32 is provided in the fixing flange 31. The lower portion of the guide sleeve 3 is inserted into the through hole of the top plate 5 so that the fixing flange 31 abuts against the top plate 5.
  • the detecting head assembly of this embodiment further includes four biasing springs 4 as a biasing mechanism.
  • the force applying mechanism is not necessary and is not limited to the force applying spring, and the motor or the unequipped mechanism can be used instead of gravity.
  • the number of force springs 4 is also variable. It is also possible to use only one force applying spring 4.
  • the biasing spring is generally C-shaped.
  • the lower end of the biasing spring 4 is provided with a fixing ring 12.
  • the top surface of the top plate 5 is provided with four threaded holes, and the guide sleeve 3 and the biasing spring 4 are fixed together in the hole through which the screw 8 is passed through the pad, the fixing ring 12 and the fixing through hole 32.
  • the top of the roof The guide sleeve and the biasing spring can also be fixed to the chassis in other ways.
  • the four threaded holes are arranged equidistantly in the axial direction such that the fixed force applying springs are arranged equidistantly circumferentially around the hood.
  • the hood 2 is inserted into the sliding passage 36 of the guide sleeve.
  • the hood 2 is placed between the outer wall of the daylighting head 1 and the inner wall of the guide sleeve 3.
  • the lower end of the lighting head 1 is inserted into the passage 21 of the hood to be surrounded by the hood 2.
  • the hood can slide up and down within the guide sleeve along the longitudinal direction of the head and the longitudinal direction of the through hole of the top plate and be guided by the guide sleeve.
  • the guide sleeve 3 has a stopper formed by the upper end portion 7.
  • the hood 2 is provided with a pressing portion composed of a flange 9 at its upper end. When the hood 2 slides down, the pressing portion abuts against the stopper, stopping the hood in its protruding position without further sliding.
  • the upper end 41 of the urging spring 4 is pressed against the flange 9 of the hood 2 to apply a predetermined predetermined pressure to the hood so that the hood is normally pressed to be in its protruding position.
  • the spring is made of stainless steel wire and the predetermined pressure applied by the spring to the hood is 0.05N.
  • the hood 2, the guide sleeve 3, and the daylighting head 1 in this embodiment are both cylindrical, the present invention does not exclude the design of these members into other shapes.
  • the inner diameter of the hood may be larger than the outer diameter of the glazing head to form a gap of 0.3 to 0.4 mils therebetween, thereby preventing the upper and lower sliding of the hood from vibrating the lighting head.
  • the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the lower end opening of the hood 2 are chamfered, and the inner circumference chamfer and the outer circumference chamfer meet to form the tip end 25.
  • test cup 6 disposed adjacently or connected together can be transported together by the transport mechanism 29 of the test instrument to move one of the test cups 6 to the underside of the through hole 52 on the top plate and to make the test cup
  • the top opening is aligned with the lower end of the daylighting head 1 to facilitate collection of light signals within the head.
  • the hood When the microplate supporting the plurality of test cups moves to bring the top of the test cup into contact with the chamfer of the hood, the hood is slid up and down under the action of the biasing spring and the chamfer, wherein when the hood is inverted When the tip 25 of the corner intersection is aligned with the seam between a test cup and an adjacent test cup, the spring presses the tip end of the lower end of the hood Enter into the seam.
  • the hood When the hood slides downward, its lower end can be in a protruding position, and when the hood slides upward, its lower end can be in a retracted position, and during operation, when the target test cup is conveyed by the conveying mechanism to the top plate
  • the hood When the through hole is directly under the alignment with the lower end of the lighting head, the hood is in a protruding position by sliding downward, and the size of the lower end of the hood is opposite to the size of the top opening of the test cup.
  • Cooperating such that when the hood is in the projecting position, it isolates the top opening of the test cup from ambient light surrounding it, obscuring light interference from the surrounding environment or test cups in the vicinity thereof.
  • a spring as a force applying mechanism is used to slide the hood to the protruding position.
  • the present invention can also use an electric motor as a force applying mechanism.
  • the electric motor is used to slide the shutter down to the protruding position and to return to slide up to its retracted position.
  • the electric motor can be fixed to the chassis.
  • the motor is coupled to the hood via a transmission member and is controlled by a control circuit to drive and control the hood to slide up or down as desired.
  • Figures 12-14 illustrate a detection head assembly having a central passage 221 for insertion of the calendering head 1 therein in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the principle of the detecting head assembly of the second embodiment is similar to that of the detecting head assembly of the first embodiment, and the difference mainly lies in the unshielded mechanism and the guide sleeve as a separate component, but the hood is formed by the through hole 250 on the top plate.
  • the 202 is guided to achieve its downward automatic sliding by the weight of the hood.
  • the hood 202 has an upper flange 209 that is sufficiently large in diameter to extend beyond the inner surface of the through hole 250 of the top plate.
  • the weight of the hood is such that the upper flange 209 normally rides against the rim of the through hole 250 of the top plate 205 due to the weight of the hood, so that the hood is usually in its protruding position, and when the hood is The hood can be pushed up when the cup's mouth of the test cup is applied to the upward thrust at its lower end to counteract its weight.
  • a lower outer flange 210 is provided at a lower portion of the hood.
  • a chamfer 219 is provided at a lower portion of the lower outer flange to facilitate sliding of the hood to prevent it from being jammed, and the chamfering facilitates smooth smoothing of relative sliding between the test cup and the lower portion of the hood.
  • the inner contour shape and size of the through hole 250 of the top plate is adapted and matched to the outer contour shape and size of the lower outer flange 210 such that the lower outer flange 210 is guided by the through hole 250 of the top plate.
  • the inner contour shape and size of the through hole 250 of the top plate may be the same as the outer contour shape and size of the lower outer flange 210.
  • the hood 202 may further have a central portion 211 having a reduced diameter such that a central portion is formed in the middle of the hood, and a gap is formed between an outer surface thereof and an inner surface of the through hole of the top plate, such that The cooperation of the hood and the through hole of the top plate is a loose fit.
  • the outer surface of the lower outer flange of the hood is in contact with the inner side surface of the through hole of the top plate 205 when sliding.
  • the hood may also have a lower inner flange 212, and a lower inner peripheral chamfer and a lower outer chamfer.
  • a tip 255 is formed at the lower inner peripheral chamfer and the lower outer chamfer junction.
  • the lower inner chamfer and the lower outer chamfer are on the radially outer side of the rim of the lower inner flange 212.
  • a radially inner portion of the lower surface of the lower inner flange is horizontal.
  • the hood When the microplates supporting the plurality of test cups are moved to bring the top of the test cup into contact with the chamfer of the mask, the hood is slid up and down by the combination of the gravity of the hood and the chamfered slope. When the tip 255 at the intersection of the chamfers of the hood is aligned with the seam between one of the test cups and the adjacent test cup, gravity pushes the tip of the lower end of the hood into the seam.
  • the hood 202 can be made of tin bronze.
  • a single photon counter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figs.
  • the single photon counter has a head assembly as described above in connection with Figures 3-14.
  • the structure of the single photon counter can be identical to that of the prior art single photon counter except for the detection head assembly, which will be described below.
  • the single photon counter includes a chassis, a single photon counter, and a transport mechanism. When more than one test cup is transferred into the chassis, it can achieve light sealing, test cup and machine The external environment of the box is optically isolated.
  • the single photon counter is fixed relative to the chassis and includes a photoelectric conversion device mainly composed of a photomultiplier tube assembly 24.
  • the head 1 is fixedly attached to the end of the photoelectric conversion device.
  • the transport mechanism is fixed relative to the chassis.
  • test cups 6 or 306 that are integrally or adjacently placed together can be carried by a microplate that can be placed in the transfer along with the test cup carried thereby Agency 29.
  • the transfer mechanism can carry the microplate with the test cup 6 or 306 and transfer the microplate to the chassis to move the test cup within the closed enclosure with its top resting against the lower surface of the top panel 5 (eg Figure 3) or a certain gap from the lower surface of the top plate 205, and the top opening of more than one test cup is sequentially below the through hole 52 or 250, and in turn with the lighting head
  • each test cup is sequentially aligned with the lighting head 1, so that the lighting head sequentially collects the light signals in the respective test cups.
  • the head 1 is aligned with a test cup 3 or 306, the hood will slide down to its protruding position, and the inner circumference chamfer of the lower end of the hood will be in close contact with the outer circumference of the test cup and will be detected.
  • the interior of the test cup is optically isolated from its external environment and other test cups to achieve a secondary light seal that avoids interference from optical signals in other test cups or optical signals from the external environment of the test cup being tested.
  • the conveying mechanism drives the orifice plate to move horizontally to drive the tested test cup to move horizontally relative to the hood, and the outer circumference of the tested test cup is rounded and the inner circumference of the hood is chamfered.
  • the hood is relatively slid to overcome the gravity of the hood or the pressure of the biasing spring to push the hood upward to slide it up a short distance.
  • the conveying mechanism sequentially drives the horizontal movement of each test cup to complete the sequential detection of each test cup.
  • FIG. 1 shows a single photon counter incorporating the detection head assembly of the present invention
  • the detection head assembly referred to in the description of the present invention can also be used for other test cups.
  • the microplates therein can be replaced by other microplates that support multiple or one test cups.
  • the hood shown in Figures 3-11 has an inner diameter of 8 mm, the outer diameter d 2 of the hood is 10 mm, and the outer diameter d 3 of the upper flange 9 of the hood is 16
  • the diameter d 4 at the tip end of the hood can be 0.1-0.3 ⁇ m larger than the maximum outer diameter d 5 at the cup mouth of the test cup, and the angle formed by the surface of the hood of the inner circumference chamfer ⁇ is 127 .
  • the angle formed by the surface on which the outer chamfer is located is 127°.
  • the hood shown in Figures 12-14 can be of the following dimensions:
  • the outer diameter d 7 at the upper flange 209 is 24 mm, the diameter of the lower outer flange. 22 millimeters, the lower flange inner diameter d 12 is 5 millimeters, the diameter d at the tip of the hood u is 9 millimeters, an inner diameter d of the hood 9 of 9 millimeters, reduced diameter hood
  • the outer diameter d 8 of the annular groove formed by the central portion 211 is 21 mm, and the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the inclined surface of the inner circumference chamfer of the hood and the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the inclined surface where the outer chamfer is located are 140°.
  • test cups referred to in the present invention may be standard test cups, and the test cups shown in Figures 3 and 12 are test cups for 96-well microplates that are integrally joined together, and these test cups are at the cup mouth. The outside is connected together.
  • the invention can also be used with the test cup 306 shown in Figures 15 and 16.
  • the test cup has a rounded portion 361 at the mouth of the cup, and extends downward from the rounded portion to form an outer convex portion; 360.
  • Test cup 306 Not integrally connected together, in use, to the individual test cup 306 is placed adjacent to a microplate or microplates. When testing, you can also use only one test cup.

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Description

遮光罩、 检测头组件及包含这种组件的裣测仪器 发明领域
本发明属于检测设备领域， 具体而言， 涉及用于检测测试杯 内的光信号的医疗检测设备上用的检测头组件、 用于检测测试杯 内的光信号的医疗检测设备以及微孔板单光子计数仪。
发明背景
目前， 存在多种对光信号进行检测的检测仪器， 其原理是通 过光电转换器件将采集到的或检测到的光信号转换为电压或电流 信号， 再加以放大。 随着量子物理学的发展， 已经开发出了一种 被称为单光子计数器的新型高敏感度光电检测器。 其被广泛用于 航空、 航天、 军事、 公安、 医疗、 科研、 环保、 农业及工业等各 个领域。
在医学领域应用单光子计数器的一个例子是包括它的微孔板 单光子计数仪。 微孔板单光子计数仪已被广泛应用于临床诊断等 诸多方面。 例如可以用于免疫及基因分析， 可用于各类激素、 药 物、 维生素、 肿瘤及感染相关物质测定。 一般由检测头、 测试杯、 搭载测试杯的传送机构、 机箱、 控制系统及计算机控制系统等几 个部分组成。 微孔板单光子计数仪的检测过程如下： 操作人员将 调配好的待测样本放入测试杯内并装在试剂盒（例如标准的 96 孔的微孔板， 其测试杯按 12排每排 8个顺序排列 )上， 然后将试 剂盒放在计数仪内的托板上， 盖上般门， 按压开关， 托板在传动 机构的带动下进入机箱内， 试剂盒进入机箱后， 机箱将呈现光密 封状态。 计数仪内的检测头组件的采光头通过与试剂盒的相对运 动对每个孔进行检测， 检测后打开 门， 取出样本。
由于微孔板单光子计数仪是检测样本杯中光子个数的设备， 对光密封有较高的要求。 目前的检测设备上所用的检测头组件如图 17所示， 图 17中 示出了处于对多个一体地连接在一起或相邻放置在一起的多个测 试杯中的一个测试杯 6进行检测时， 检测头组件的采光头 1与多 个测试杯 6的配合。 多个测试杯（例如 96个）相邻地排列布置或 成一体地设置在作为微孔板的试剂盒（例如 96孔的微孔板）上。 测试杯是一次性塑料制品， 杯口平整度不高。 多个测试杯安装在 微孔上时可能会有高度误差， 因而会产生二次密封缺陷， 导致串 光现象。 所谓的二次密封缺陷指的是由于各个测试杯的安装高度 有误差， 使相邻的测试杯或目标测试杯不能紧密地靠在机箱的顶 板 102上， 从而使相邻测试杯中的光会传送给检测头组件的采光 头。 当相邻的测试杯的光强比较高， 目标测试杯的光强较弱时对 测试结果有较大的影响。
发明公开
本发明的一个目的是提供一种新的检测头组件， 其可以用于 用来检测测试杯内的光信号的设备， 例如用于单光子计数仪这样 的医疗检测仪器。 本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种新的检测测 试杯内的光信号的检测仪器。 本发明的另一个目的在于^ ¾供一种 新的微孔板单光子计数仪。 所提供的检测测试杯内的光信号的检 测仪器以及微孔板单光子计数仪包括了本发明第一方面的检测头 組件。 通过本发明的检测头组件， 解决二次光密封缺陷的问题。
本发明的技术方案如下：
本发明的第一方面提供了一种用于检测测试杯内的光信号的 检测仪器上用的检测头组件， 包括：
顶板， 其上设有通孔；
采光头， 其用于连接到一光电转换器件， 用于采集被检测的 测试杯内的光信号并将采集到的光信号传送给光电转换器件， 光 电转换器件用于将从测试杯内采集到的光信号转换为电信号， 所 述采光头的位置相对于所述的顶板是固定的， 所述的釆光头的下 端插入所述的顶板上的通孔内； 检测时相邻布置或连接在一起的 一个以上的测试杯能一起被检测仪器的传送机构传送而使其中一 个测试杯移动到设在顶板上的通孔的下面并使该测试杯的顶部开 口与采光头的下端对准以便于采光头采集其内的光信号；
其中， 还包括筒形的遮光罩， 其具有中央贯通的通道， 所述 遮光罩的一部分插入所述顶板的通孔内 , 并且设置成使所述采光 头的下端插入到所述的遮光罩的通道内而由所述遮光罩围绕， 且 所述的遮光罩能沿着采光头的纵向以及所述顶板的通孔的纵向小 距离上下滑动， 当其向下滑动时其下端能处于突出位置， 而当所 述遮光罩向上滑动时， 其下端能处于缩回位置， 在工作过程中， 当内部的试剂被检测的测试杯被传送机构传送到达所述顶板的通 孔的正下面而与所述的采光头的下端对准时， 所述的遮光罩会通 过向下滑动而处于突出位置， 所述遮光罩下端的尺寸与所述测试 杯的顶部开口的尺寸相配合， 以致当遮光罩处于突出位置时， 其 将该测试杯的顶部开口与其周围的环境光隔离， 遮挡来自其周围 的环境或其附近的测试杯的光干扰。
本发明的第一方面的优点在于：由于在采光头上设有遮光罩， 在对某一个测试杯进行检测时， 遮光罩向下滑动， 使遮光罩的下 端与目标测试杯的敞开的杯顶或杯顶外侧接触或略微深入到目标 测试杯与相邻测试杯的接缝中， 从而可以将目标测试杯以外的光 遮挡住， 防止其传递到采光头。 本发明的遮光罩对因各种原因造 成的机箱的漏光也具有遮挡作用。
本发明的第一方面的优选的方案如下：
所述遮光罩与所述采光头之间可以留有间隙， 以避免遮光罩 的上下滑动对采光头产生振动干扰。
还可以包括导向套， 所述导向套具有在其中央贯穿的滑动通 道， 用于所述遮光罩在其内滑动， 其内部轮廓形状及尺寸与所述 的遮光罩的外部轮廓形状及尺寸相适应且相配合， 所述导向套插 入在所述的顶板的通孔内并相对于所述机箱被固定， 使所述的遮 光罩的壁置于所述采光头的外壁与所述导向套的内壁之间， 所述 导向套与所述顶板的通孔之间为光密封， 所述遮光罩的上下滑动 是在所述的导向套内进行的并受所述导向套的引导。
所述的导向套将使所述的遮光罩的上下滑动更顺畅可靠。 所述导向套具有止动部， 所述的遮光罩设有压靠部， 当所述 遮光罩向下滑动时， 所述的压靠部会抵靠在所述的止动部上， 使 所述遮光罩停在其突出位置而不会进一步下滑。
所述的止动部可以方便地由所述的导向套的上端部构成， 所 述的压靠部可由所述遮光罩上端处的凸缘构成。 但是， 在本说明 书公开的基础上和范围内， 本领域技术人员可以理解所述的压靠 部也可以由所述的遮光罩上其他部位处的部件或部分构成。例如， 所述的压靠部可以设置在遮光罩的中部外侧。 所述的止动部也可 以由所述的导向套上的其他部位构成。 例如， 所述的导向套可以 在其上开设滑槽， 供遮光罩的压靠部在其内滑动。 滑槽可以从导 向套的中部开始向上延伸。 在这种情况下， 所述的滑槽和所述的 压靠部可以起导向的作用， 而所述的滑槽的底部和所述的压靠部 可以起止动的作用。
本发明还可包括施力机构， 用于使所述的遮光罩能滑动到突 出位置， 或用于使所述的遮光罩能滑动到突出位置并能滑动到其 缩回位置。 通过使力机构的作用， 可确保所述的遮光罩根据需要 可靠地上下滑动。
优选地， 所述的遮光罩的下端开口处的内周与外周都设有倒 角， 内周倒角与外周倒角汇合处形成尖端， 所述的测试杯有多个， 所述的施力机构包括至少一个施力弹簧， 每个所述的施力弹簧呈 大致的 C形， 其下端相对于机箱固定， 其上端与遮光罩接触， 以 对所述遮光罩施加一定的预定压力， 使遮光罩通常被压而处于其 突出位置， 而当支承所述多个测试杯的微孔板移动而使测试杯的 顶部与所述的遮光罩的倒角接触时， 在所述的施力弹簧与所述的 倒角的共同作用下使遮光罩上下滑动， 其中， 当遮光罩的倒角相 交处的尖端与一个测试杯和相邻的测试杯之间的接缝对准时， 弹 簧将遮光罩的下端倒角的尖端压入到所述接缝中， 可以更可靠地 确保二次光密封。 所述的外周倒角与所述的杯口的相互作用使得 可以在测试杯相对于所述的遮光罩移动时， 所述的遮光罩能自动 向上滑动， 并使得这种滑动顺畅。
所述的施力机构也可以为电动马达， 其相对于机箱被固定， 所述马达通过传动部件与所述遮光罩传动连接并受一个控制电路 的控制， 以根据需要驱动并控制遮光罩向上或向下滑动。 虽然在 本说明书中未做更详细的说明 , 但是本领域技术人员可以理解电 动马达的具体实施方式。
所述测试杯的顶部开口的外周还可设有倒圆。 这将可以与遮 光罩下端的倒角配合， 使得遮光罩的上下滑动更顺畅。 而且遮光 罩处于突出位置时它的下端的内倒角正好抵靠在所述倒圆处， 可 以进一步提高光密封效果。
优选地， 所述的采光头为光纤管； 所述的光电转换器件为光 电倍增管组件。
根据另一优选的方式， 所述的弹簧由不锈弹簧钢丝制成而且 所述弹簧对遮光罩施加的预定压力为 0.05N。 预定的压力可以确 保遮光罩的下滑而实现光密封。
按照另一优选的实施方式， 所述的施力弹簧共有四个， 在所 述的遮光罩的周围沿周向等距离布置并固定在所述的顶板上。 通 过这种简单的结构可以使遮光罩所受的预定压力沿周向均匀分 布， 从而确保其上下滑动时不偏斜。
可利用如下的简单的结构将所述的导向套与施力弹簧固定到 顶板上： 所述的导向套的下部外周设有固定凸缘， 所述固定凸缘 上设有固定通孔， 所述的施力弹簧的下端设有固定环， 所述的顶 板的上面设有螺纹孔， 通过拧入所述的孔内的螺丝， 所述的导向 套和施力弹簧被一起固定在所述的顶板的上面。
由于所述的遮光罩的下端的倒角所形成的尖端， 当所述遮光 罩处于其突出位置时， 所述遮光罩的下端插入被检测的测试杯和 与其相邻的测试杯之间的接缝中并与被检测的测试杯的顶部接触 而实现光密封。 遮光罩的下部的内倒角形成一个截雉形的开口， 该截锥形的开口可与所述的杯口的顶部或带有外周倒圆的杯口的 顶部配合， 以确保遮光罩的下部与杯口的顶部的可靠接触而实现 光密封。
所述遮光罩优选由摩擦系数小的耐磨材料制成。
所述遮光罩可由聚四氟乙烯或青铜制成， 所述的导向套可由 青铜制成。
所述的遮光罩、 导向套及所述的采光头可以均为圓筒形， 所 述的遮光罩的内径与所述的采光头的外径之间单面间隙为 0.3 亳 米至 0.4亳米。 以保证所述的遮光罩与所述的采光头之间的间隙。
上面提到了通过施力弹簧或电动马达实现遮光罩的滑动控 制， 然而， 遮光罩的滑动也可以通过其自身的重量来实现。 按照 这种方案的遮光罩的一优选的实施方式具有上部凸缘， 上部凸缘 的直径足够大使其延伸到所述的顶板的通孔的内表面以外， 所述 的遮光罩的重量使得在通常情况下所述的上部凸缘由于遮光罩的 重力的作用而搭靠在所述的顶板的通孔的边沿上， 使遮光罩通常 处于其突出位置， 而当所述的遮光罩受到测试杯的杯口施加到其 下端处的向上的推力时遮光罩能被向上推起。 还可以对这种利用 遮光罩自身的重量的方案进行进一步改进， 如下所述：
所述的遮光罩还可具有： 直径减小的中部， 其使得所述的遮 光罩的中部形成环槽， 而且其外表面与所述的顶板的通孔的内表 面之间有间隙， 使得所述的遮光罩与所述的顶板的通孔的配合为 松动配合； 下部外凸缘， 所述顶板的通孔的内部轮廓形状及尺寸 与所述下部外凸缘的外部轮廓形状及尺寸相适应且相配合， 使得 所述的下部外凸缘受所述的顶板的通孔的导向。 由于所述的遮光 罩与所述的顶板的通孔的配合为松动配合而且利用下部外凸缘进 行的导向的长度较短， 可以避免遮光罩上下滑动时卡死。
所述的遮光罩还可以具有： 下部内凸缘、 下部内周倒角和下 部外周倒角， 所述的下部内周倒角和下部外周倒角汇合处形成尖 端， 所述的下部内倒角和下部外倒角处于所述下部内凸缘的边沿 的径向的外侧， 所述的下凸缘的下表面的径向靠内侧的一部分是 水平的。 这种结构有助于测试杯与遮光罩的下端之间的相对移动 能平滑地进行。 所述的测试杯有多个， 而当支承所述多个测试杯 的微孔板移动而使测试杯的顶部与所述的遮光罩的倒角接触时， 在所述的重力与所述的倒角的共同作用下使遮光罩上下滑动， 其 中， 当遮光罩的倒角相交处的尖端与一个测试杯和相邻的测试杯 之间的接缝对准时， 重力将遮光罩的下端倒角的尖端压入到所述 接缝中。
优选地， 所述的遮光罩由锡青铜制成。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种检测测试杯内的光信号的检测 仪器， 该仪器包括如上所述的本发明第一方面及其优选的方案的 检测头组件； 另外该仪器还包括：
机箱， 当所述的一个以上的测试杯被传送进入其内时其能够 实现光密封， 将所述测试杯与机箱外部环境光隔离；
所述的光电转换器件， 采光头固定连接在所述光电转换器件 的端部， 所述的光电转换器件相对于机箱被固定； 所述传送机构， 其相对于所述机箱被固定；
操作时， 所述的一体地连接在一起或相邻地放置在一起的一 个以上的测试杯能由一微孔板承载 , 承载有测试杯的微孔板能连 同其承载的测试杯一起放置在所述传送机构上；
所述传送机构能承载带有测试杯的所述微孔板并对微孔板进 行传送， 以使测试杯移动而使其顶部贴靠在所述顶板的下表面上 或与所述顶板的下表面离开一定间隙， 并使所述一个以上的测试 杯的顶部开口依次处于所述通孔的下面, 并依次与采光头对准以 便于采光头逐个采集各个测试杯内的光信号。
本发明第三方面提供了一种微孔板单光子计数仪， 其包括如 本发明第一方面或其优选的方案所述的检测头组件； 另外该计数 仪还包括： .
机箱， 当所述的一个以上的测试杯被传送进入其内时其能够 实现光密封， 将所述测试杯与机箱外部环境光隔离；
单光子计数器， 其相对于所述的机箱被固定， 并包括所述的 光电转换器件， 采光头固定连接在所述光电转换器件的端部； 所述传送机构， 其相对于所述机箱被固定；
操作时， 所述的连接成一体或相邻放置在一起的一个以上的 测试杯能由微孔板承载， 微孔板能连同由其承载的测试杯一起放 置在所述传送机构上；
所述传送机构能承载带有测试杯的所述微孔板并将微孔板传 送机箱内， 以使测试杯在封闭的机箱内移动而使其顶部贴靠在所 述顶板的下表面上或与所述顶板的下表面离开一定间隙， 并使所 述一个以上的测试杯的顶部开口依次处于所述通孔的下面， 并依 次与采光头对准以便于采光头逐个采集各个测试杯内的光信号。
本发明的第四方面提供了一种用于检测测试杯内的光信号的 检测仪器上用的遮光罩， 其为筒形， 并具有中央贯通的通道， 所 述遮光罩的一部分可以插入检测仪器的顶板的通孔内， 并且遮光 所述的遮光罩的通道内而由所述遮光罩围绕， 所述遮光罩下端的 尺寸与所述测试杯的顶部开口的尺寸相配合， 以致当遮光罩下端 与测试杯的顶部开口对准时， 其将该测试杯的顶部开口与其周围 的环境光隔离。
第四方面的优选的方案如下：
所述的遮光罩的下端开口处的内周与外周都设有倒角， 内周 倒角与外周倒角汇合处形成尖端。
所述遮光罩上端处带有外周凸缘。
所述遮光罩由摩擦系数小的耐磨材料制成。
所述遮光罩由聚四氟乙烯或青铜制成。
所述的遮光罩及所述的采光头均为圆筒形， 所述的遮光罩的 内径与所述的采光头的外径之间单面间隙为 0.3亳米至 0.4亳米。
所述遮光罩具有上部凸缘， 其直径足够大使其延伸到所述的 顶板的通孔的内表面以外， 所述的遮光罩的重量使得在通常情况 下所述的上部凸缘由于遮光罩的重力的作用而搭靠在所述的顶板 的通孔的边沿上， 使遮光罩通常处于其突出位置， 而当所述的遮 光罩受到测试杯的杯口施加到其下端处的向上的推力时遮光罩能 被向上推起。
所述的遮光罩还具有： 直径减小的中部， 其使得所述的遮光 罩的中部形成环槽， 而且其外表面与所述的顶板的通孔的内表面 之间有间隙， 使得所述的遮光罩与所述的顶板的通孔的配合为松 动配合； 下部外凸缘， 所述的下部外凸缘的下部处设有倒角， 所 述顶板的通孔的内部轮廓形状及尺寸与所述下部外凸缘的外部轮 廓形状及尺寸相适应且相配合， 使得所述的下部外凸缘受所述的 顶板的通孔的导向。
所述的遮光罩还具有： 下部内凸缘和下部内周倒角和下部外 周倒角， 所述的下部内周倒角和下部外周倒角汇合处形成尖端， 所述的下部内倒角和下部外倒角处于所述下部内凸缘的边沿的径 向的外侧， 所述的下凸缘的下表面的径向靠内侧的一部分是水平 的。
本发明的第二方面、 笫三方面及第四方面的有益效果可以参 见上面结合第一方面的内容所做的说明。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的优选实施例做详细的说明，附图中： 图 1为本发明的单光子计数仪的优选实施例的沿垂直面剖开 的示意图； .
图 1为本发明的单光子计数仪的优选实施例的沿水平面剖开 的示意图；
图 3为本发明的检测头组件的优选实施例的剖视示意图； 图 4为根据本发明的优选实施例用于单光子计数仪或用于检 测头组件的顶板的俯视示意图；
图 5为根据本发明的优选实施例用于单光子计数仪或用于检 测头组件的顶板的沿竖向剖开的示意图；
图 6为用于本发明的优选实施例的检测头组件的导向套的沿 竖向剖开的示意图；
图 7为用于本发明的优选实施例的检测头组件的导向套的俯 视示意图；
图 8为用于本发明的优选实施例的检测头组件的施力弹簧的 俯视示意图；
图 9为用于本发明的优选实施例的检测头组件的施力弹簧的 部分剖开的左视示意图； 图 10 为用于本发明的优选实施例的检测头组件的遮光罩的 剖开的示意图；
图 11 为用于本发明的优选实施例的检测头组件的遮光罩的 剖开的立体图；
图 12 为可用于本发明的单光子计数仪的本发明的第二优选 实施例的检测头组件的剖开的示意图；
图 13 为可用于本发明的第二优选实施例的检测头组件的遮 光罩的剖开的示意图；
图 14 为可用于本发明的第二优选实施例的检测头组件的遮 光罩的剖开的立体示意图；
图 15 为可与本发明的检测头組件结合使用的测试杯的第二 实施例的剖视图；
图 16 为可与本发明的检测头组件结合使用的测试杯的第二 实施例的俯视图；
图 17为现有技术中的检测头组件的剖视示意图。
优选实施例的详细说明
图 1和 2示出了根据本发明的优选实施例的微孔板单光子计 数仪， 该单光子计数仪包括作为其一部分的根据本发明的优选实 施例的检测头组件。下面首先结合图 3-14详细说明本发明的优选 实施例的检测头组件。
如图 3所示， 一种用于检测测试杯内的光信号的检测仪器上 用的检测头组件， 包括： 顶板 5, 顶板 5构成了单光子计数仪的 机箱的一部分及盖板， 其上设有通孔 52; 圆筒形的采光头 1 , 其 用于连接到一光电转换器件， 用于采集被检测的测试杯 6内的光 信号并将釆集到的光信号传送给光电转换器件， 光电转换器件用 于将从测试杯内采集到的光信号转换为电信号。 在该实施例中， 所述的采光头为光纤管， 所述的光电转换器件为光电倍增管组件 24。 所述采光头 1的位置相对于所述的顶板 5是固定的， 即固定 连接在的光电倍增管組件 24上， 而光电倍增管组件 24固定于顶 板上。
本发明的检测头组件还包括圆筒形的遮光罩 2和圆筒形的导 向套 3, 但是导向套 3不是必须的。 如图 12所示的根据第二实施 例的检测头组件没有导向套。 为了确保遮光罩和导向套的耐磨性 和它们之间的相对滑动的顺畅， 遮光罩 2或导向套 3可由摩擦系 数小的耐磨材料制成。 如在本实施例中， 遮光罩 2是由聚四氟乙 烯制成的， 而导向套 3是由青铜制成的。 但是， 本发明不限于所 列举的材料。 如在图 12-14所示的实施例中， 遮光罩由青铜制成。
遮光罩 2具有中央贯通的通道 21。导向套 3具有在其中央贯 穿的滑动通道 36， 用于遮光罩在其内滑动。 导向套 3内部轮廓形 状及尺寸与遮光罩 2的外部轮廓形状及尺寸相适应且相配合。
导向套 3的下部外周设有固定凸缘 31。 固定凸缘 31上设有 固定通孔 32。 导向套 3的下部插入在顶板 5的通孔内， 使固定凸 缘 31抵靠在顶板 5上。
本实施例的检测头组件还包括作为施力机构的 4个施力弹簧 4。 但是施力机构不是必须的也不限于施力弹簧， 可以使用马达， 或不设施力机构， 而依靠重力。 施力弹簧 4的数量也是可变的。 也可以只使用一个施力弹簧 4。
在该实施例中， 施力弹簧呈大致的 C形。 施力弹簧 4的下端 设有固定环 12。 顶板 5的上面设有四个螺纹孔， 通过将螺丝 8穿 过垫圏、 固定环 12和固定通孔 32并拧入的孔内的， 导向套 3和 施力弹簧 4被一起固定在所述的顶板的上面。 也可用其他的方式 将导向套和施力弹簧固定在机箱上。 四个螺纹孔沿轴向等距离布 置使得固定好的施力弹簧在所述的遮光罩的周围沿周向等距离布 置。 遮光罩 2插入到导向套的滑动通道 36内。遮光罩 2置于所述 采光头 1的外壁与导向套 3的内壁之间。 采光头 1的下端插入到 所述的遮光罩的通道 21内而由所述遮光罩 2围绕。遮光罩能在导 向套内沿着采光头的纵向以及顶板的通孔的纵向进行小距离上下 滑动并受导向套的引导。
导向套 3具有上端部 7构成的止动部。 遮光罩 2设有由其上 端处的凸缘 9构成的压靠部。 当遮光罩 2向下滑动时， 压靠部会 抵靠在止动部上， 使遮光罩停在其突出位置而不会进一步下滑。
施力弹簧 4的上端 41压在遮光罩 2的凸缘 9上，以对遮光罩 施加一定的预定压力， 使遮光罩通常被压而处于其突出位置。 在 该实施例中， 弹簧由不锈弹簧钢丝制成而且弹簧对遮光罩施加的 预定压力为 0.05N。
虽然本实施例中的遮光罩 2、 导向套 3及所述的采光头 1均 为圆筒形， 但是本发明并不排除将这些部件设计成其他形状。 所 述的遮光罩的内径可比所述的采光头的外径大， 以便在它们之间 形成 0.3至 0.4亳米的间隙，从而避免遮光罩的上下滑动对采光头 产生振动干扰。
遮光罩 2的下端开口处的内周与外周都设有倒角， 内周倒角 与外周倒角汇合处形成尖端 25。
检测时， 相邻布置或连接在一起的一个以上的测试杯 6能一 起被检测仪器的传送机构 29传送而使其中一个测试杯 6移动到顶 板上的通孔 52的下面并使该测试杯的顶部开口与采光头 1的下端 对准以便于采光头采集其内的光信号。
当支承多个测试杯的微孔板移动而使测试杯的顶部与遮光罩 的倒角接触时， 在施力弹簧与倒角的共同作用下使遮光罩上下滑 动，其中， 当遮光罩的倒角相交处的尖端 25与一个测试杯和相邻 的测试杯之间的接缝对准时， 弹簧将遮光罩的下端倒角的尖端压 入到所述接缝中。
当遮光罩向下滑动时其下端能处于突出位置， 而当所述遮光 罩向上滑动时， 其下端能处于缩回位置， 在工作过程中， 当目标 测试杯被传送机构传送到达所述顶板的通孔的正下面而与所述的 采光头的下端对准时， 所述的遮光罩会通过向下滑动而处于突出 位置， 所述遮光罩下端的尺寸与所述测试杯的顶部开口的尺寸相 配合， 以致当遮光罩处于突出位置时， 其将该测试杯的顶部开口 与其周围的环境光隔离， 遮挡来自其周围的环境或其附近的测试 杯的光干扰。
作为施力机构的弹簧用于使所述的遮光罩能滑动到突出位 置。 本发明还可以用电动马达作为施力机构。 电动马达用于使遮 光罩能向下滑动到突出位置并能返回向上滑动到其缩回位置。 电 动马达可以被固定于机箱上。 马达通过传动部件与所述遮光罩传 动连接并受一个控制电路的控制， 以根据需要驱动并控制遮光罩 向上或向下滑动。
图 12-14示出了根据本发明的第二实施例的检测头组件， 其 具有中央的通道 221， 用于供釆光头 1插入到其内。 第二实施例 的检测头组件的原理与第一实施例的检测头组件相似， 区别主要 在于未设施力机构和作为单独的部件的导向套， 而是利用顶板上 的通孔 250对该遮光罩 202进行导向， 利用遮光罩的自重实现其 向下的自动滑动。
遮光罩 202具有上部凸缘 209, 其直径足够大使其延伸到顶 板的通孔 250的内表面以外。 遮光罩的重量使得在通常情况下上 部凸缘 209 由于遮光罩的重力的作用而搭靠在顶板 205 的通孔 250 的边沿上， 使遮光罩通常处于其突出位置， 而当所述的遮光 罩受到测试杯的杯口施加到其下端处的向上的推力来抵消其重力 时遮光罩能被向上推起。 在遮光罩的下部具有下部外凸缘 210。 下部外凸缘的下部处 设有倒角 219， 以利于遮光罩的滑动， 防止其卡死， 并且该倒角 有利于测试杯与遮光罩的下部之间的相对滑动的顺利平滑。 顶板 的通孔 250的内部轮廓形状及尺寸与所述下部外凸缘 210的外部 轮廓形状及尺寸相适应且相配合， 使得下部外凸缘 210受顶板的 通孔 250的导向。 顶板的通孔 250的内部轮廓形状及尺寸可以与 下部外凸缘 210的外部轮廓形状及尺寸相同。 遮光罩 202还可以 具有直径减小的中部 211, 该直径减小的中部使得在遮光罩的中 部形成环槽， 而且其外表面与所述的顶板的通孔的内表面之间有 间隙， 使得遮光罩与顶板的通孔的配合为松动配合。 遮光罩在滑 动时其下部外凸缘的外侧表面与顶板 205 的通孔的内侧表面接 触。
遮光罩还可具有下部内凸缘 212、 和下部内周倒角和下部外 周倒角。 下部内周倒角和下部外周倒角汇合处形成尖端 255。 下 部内倒角和下部外倒角处于下部内凸缘 212 的边沿的径向的外 侧。 下部内凸缘的下表面的径向靠内侧的一部分是水平的。
支承多个测试杯的微孔板移动而使测试杯的顶部与所述的遮 光罩的倒角接触时， 在遮光罩的重力与倒角的斜面的共同作用下 使遮光罩上下滑动。 当遮光罩的倒角相交处的尖端 255与一个测 试杯和相邻的测试杯之间的接缝对准时， 重力将遮光罩的下端倒 角的尖端压入到接缝中。 遮光罩 202可由锡青铜制成。
下面结合图 1和 2说明根据本发明的实施例的单光子计数仪。 该单光子计数仪上具有如上结合图 3-14所说明的检测头組件。
如图 1和 2所示， 除检测头组件以外， 该单光子计数仪的结 构可以与现有技术中的单光子计数仪相同， 下面只筒单说明。 该 单光子计数仪包括机箱、 单光子计数器和传送机构。 当一个以上 的测试杯被传送进入机箱内时其能够实现光密封， 将测试杯与机 箱外部环境光隔离。
单光子计数器相对于机箱被固定， 并包括主要由光电倍增管 组件 24构成的光电转换器件。采光头 1固定连接在光电转换器件 的端部。
传送机构相对于机箱被固定。
操作时， 连接成一体或相邻放置在一起的一个以上（例如 96 个） 的测试杯 6或 306能由微孔板承载， 微孔板能连同由其承载 的测试杯一起放置在所述传送机构 29上。传送机构能承载带有测 试杯 6或 306的微孔板并将微孔板传送至机箱内， 以使测试杯在 封闭的机箱内移动而使其顶部贴靠在顶板 5的下表面上 （如图 3 所示）或与顶板 205的下表面离开一定间隙， 并使一个以上的测 试杯的顶部开口依次处于通孔 52或 250的下面，并依次与采光头
1 对准以便于采光头逐个采集各个测试杯内的光信号。 在传送机 构的带动下， 各个测试杯依次与采光头 1对准, 从而采光头依次 采集各个测试杯内的光信号。 当采光头 1与一个测试杯 3或 306 对准时， 遮光罩将向下滑动伸出到其突出位置， 遮光罩的下端的 内周倒角与测试杯的外周倒圆紧密接触， 将正被检测的测试杯的 内部与其外部环境及其他的测试杯光隔离， 实现二次光密封， 避 免了来自其他的测试杯内的光信号或来自被检测的测试杯的外部 环境的光信号的干扰。 当对该测试的检测结束后， 传送机构带动 孔板水平移动从而带动已被检测的测试杯相对于遮光罩水平移 动， 已被检测的测试杯的外部倒圆与遮光罩的内周倒角之间相对 滑动从而克服遮光罩的重力或施力弹簧的压力而将遮光罩向上推 起使其向上短距离滑动。 当采光头 1与下一个测试杯再次对准及 遮光罩的下端再次与下一个测试杯的顶部开口对准时， 遮光罩在 重力或施力弹簧的作用下， 再次下滑， 使由其内周倒角与外周倒 角构成的下部尖端略微伸入到被检测的测试杯与其他的测试杯之 间的接缝中， 对该被检测的测试杯实现二次光密封。 传送机构依 次带动各个测试杯水平移动从而完成对各个测试杯的依次检测。
虽然， 附图示出了结合由本发明的检测头组件的单光子计数 仪， 但是本领域技术人员可以理解， 本发明的说明书所提到的检 测头组件也可以用于其他的用于检测测试杯内的光信号的检测仪 器。 其中的微孔板可以由支承多个或一个测试杯的其他的微孔板 代替。
根据一优选的实施方案， 图 3-11所示的遮光罩的内径 为 8 亳米， 遮光罩的外径 d2为 10亳米， 遮光罩的上部凸缘 9处的外 径 d3为 16亳米， 遮光罩的尖端处的直径 d4可以比测试杯的杯口 处的最大外径 d5大 0.1-0.3亳米， 遮光罩的内周倒角所在的表面 形成的夹角 ^为 127。， 外周倒角所在的表面形成的夹角 |^为 127°。
图 12-14所示的遮光罩可以采用如下的尺寸： 上部凸缘 209 处的外径 d7为 24亳米， 下部外凸缘的直径 。为 22亳米， 下部 内凸缘的内径 d12为 5亳米，遮光罩的尖端处的直径 du为 9亳米， 遮光罩的内径 d9为 9亳米， 遮光罩的直径减小的中部 211所形成 的环槽处的外径 d8为 21毫米， 遮光罩的内周倒角所在的斜面所 形成的夹角 α2及外周倒角所在的斜面所形成的夹角 β2都为 140°。 所给出的这些数据以及本说明书所公开的所有的优选的方案 都只用于举例， 而不应理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明中所提到的测试杯可以为标准的测试杯， 图 3 和 12 中所示的测试杯是一体地连接在一起的 96 孔的微孔板所用的测 试杯， 这些测试杯在杯口处外侧连接在一起。 但是本发明也可以 与图 15和 16所示的测试杯 306—起使用。 该测试杯在杯口处具 有倒圆部 361, 从该倒圆部向下延伸形成外凸部; 360。 测试杯 306 不是一体地连接在一起， 在使用时， 将各个独立的测试杯 306相 邻放置在微孔板上或微孔板上。 检测时， 也可以只使用一个测试 杯亂

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种用于检测测试杯内的光信号的检测仪器上用的检测头 组件， 包括：
顶板（5; 205 )， 其上设有通孔（ 52; 250 );
采光头 （1 ), 其用于连接到一光电转换器件， 用于采集被检 测的测试杯 （6; 306 ) 内的光信号并将采集到的光信号传送给光 电转换器件， 光电转换器件用于将从测试杯内采集到的光信号转 换为电信号， 所述采光头（1 )的位置相对于所述的顶板（5; 205 ) 是固定的，所述的采光头（1 )的下端插入所述的顶板上的通孔（ 52; 250 )内； 检测时相邻布置或连接在一起的一个以上的测试杯（6; 306 )能一起被检测仪器的传送机构（29 )传送而使其中一个测试 杯移动到设在顶板上的通孔（52; 250 )的下面并使该测试杯的顶 部开口与采光头的下端对准以便于釆光头采集其内的光信号； 其特征在于： 还包括筒形的遮光罩（2; 202 )， 其具有中央贯 通的通道（21; 221 ), 所述遮光罩的一部分插入所述顶板的通孔 ( 52; 250 )内， 并且设置成使所述采光头的下端插入到所述的遮 光罩的通道（21; 221 ) 内而由所述遮光罩围绕， 且所述的遮光罩 能沿着采光头的纵向以及所述顶板的通孔的纵向小距离上下滑 动， 当其向下滑动时其下端能处于突出位置， 而当所述遮光罩向 上滑动时， 其下端能处于缩回位置， 在工作过程中， 当内部的试 剂被检测的测试杯被传送机构传送到达所述顶板的通孔的正下面 而与所述的采光头的下端对准时， 所述的遮光罩会通过向下滑动 而处于突出位置， 所述遮光罩下端的尺寸与所述测试杯的顶部开 口的尺寸相配合， 以致当遮光罩处于突出位置时， 其将该测试杯 的顶部开口与其周围的环境光隔离， 遮挡来自其周围的环境或其 附近的测试杯的光干扰。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述遮光 罩与所述采光头之间留有间隙， 以避免遮光罩的上下滑动对采光 头产生振动干扰。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 包括导向 套（3 ), 所述导向套具有在其中央贯穿的滑动通道（36 )， 用于所 述遮光罩在其内滑动， 其内部轮廓形状及尺寸与所述的遮光罩的 外部轮廓形状及尺寸相适应且相配合， 所述导向套（ 3 )插入在所 述的顶板的通孔内并相对于所述机箱被固定， 使所述的遮光罩的 壁置于所述采光头的外壁与所述导向套的内壁之间， 所述遮光罩 的上下滑动是在所述的导向套内进行的并受所述导向套的引导。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述导向 套（3 )具有止动部， 所述的遮光罩 （2 )设有压靠部， 当所述遮 光罩 （2 ) 向下滑动时， 所述的压靠部会抵靠在所述的止动部上， 使所述遮光罩停在其突出位置而不会进一步下滑。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 还包括施 力机构， 用于使所述的遮光罩能滑动到突出位置， 或用于使所述 的遮光罩能滑动到突出位置并能滑动到其缩回位置。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述的遮 光罩的下端开口处的内周与外周都设有倒角， 内周倒角与外周倒 角汇合处形成尖端（25 )， 所述的测试杯有多个， 所述的施力机构 包括至少一个施力弹簧（ 4 )，每个所述的施力弹簧呈大致的 C形， 其下端相对于机箱固定， 其上端（41 )与遮光罩（2 )接触， 以对 所述遮光罩施加一定的预定压力， 使遮光罩通常被压而处于其突 出位置， 而当支承所述多个测试杯的微孔板移动而使测试杯的顶 部与所述的遮光罩的倒角接触时， 在所述的施力弹簧与所述的倒 角的共同作用下使遮光罩上下滑动， 其中， 当遮光罩的倒角相交 处的尖端（ 25 )与一个测试杯和相邻的测试杯之间的接缝对准时， 弹簧将遮光罩的下端倒角的尖端压入到所述接缝中。
7. 如权利要求 5所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述的施 力机构为电动马达， 其相对于机箱被固定， 所述马达通过传动部 件与所述遮光罩传动连接并受一个控制电路的控制， 以根据需要 驱动并控制遮光罩向上或向下滑动。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述的采 光头为光纤管； 所述的光电转换器件为光电倍增管组件 （24 )。
9. 如权利要求 6所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述的弹 簧由不锈弹簧钢丝制成而且所述弹簧对遮光罩施加的预定压力为 0·05Ν。
10. 如权利要求 6所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述的施 力弹簧共有四个， 在所述的遮光罩的周围沿周向等距离布置并固 定在所述的顶板上。
11. 如权利要求 4所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述的止 动部为所述的导向套的上端部 （7 )， 所述的压靠部为所述遮光罩 上端处的凸缘（9 )。
12. 如权利要求 10所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述的 导向套的下部外周设有固定凸缘（31 )， 所迷固定凸缘（31 )上设 有固定通孔（32 )， 所述的施力弹簧的下端设有固定环 （12 )， 所 述的顶板的上面设有螺紋孔， 通过拧入所述的孔内的螺丝 （8 )， 所述的导向套（3 )和施力弹簧（4 )被一起固定在所述的顶板的 上面。
13. 如权利要求 1所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 当所述遮 光罩处于其突出位置时， 所述遮光罩的下端插入被检测的测试杯 和与其相邻的测试杯之间的接缝中并与被检测的测试杯的顶部接 触而实现光密封。
14. 如权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的检测头組件， 其特征在于: 所述遮光罩由摩擦系数小的耐磨材料制成。
15. 如权利要求 14所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述遮 光罩由聚四氟乙烯或青铜制成。
16. 如权利要求 3所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述的遮 光罩 （2 )、 导向套（3 )及所述的采光头 （1 ) 均为圆筒形， 所述 的遮光罩的内径与所述的采光头的外径之间的单间隙为 0.3 毫米 至 0.4亳米， 所述的导向套由青铜制成。
17. 如权利要求 1、 2或 5所述的检测头組件， 其特征在于： 所述遮光罩（ 202 )具有上部凸缘（ 209 ), 其直径足够大使其延伸 到所述的顶板的通孔（250 )的内表面以外， 所述的遮光罩的重量 使得在通常情况下所述的上部凸缘（ 209 )由于遮光罩的重力的作 用而搭靠在所述的顶板的通孔（250 )的边沿上， 使遮光罩通常处 于其突出位置， 而当所述的遮光罩受到测试杯的杯口施加到其下 端处的向上的推力时遮光罩能被向上推起。
18. 如权利要求 17所述的检测头組件， 其特征在于： 所述的 遮光罩（202 )还具有： 直径減小的中部（211 ), 其使得所述的遮 光罩的中部形成环槽， 而且其外表面与所述的顶板的通孔的内表 面之间有间隙， 使得所述的遮光罩与所述的顶板的通孔的配合为 松动配合； 下部外凸缘（210 ), 所述顶板的通孔（250 )的内部轮 廓形状及尺寸与所述下部外凸缘（ 210 )的外部轮廓形状及尺寸相 适应且相配合， 使得所述的下部外凸缘（210 )受所述的顶板的通 孔 （250 ) 的导向。
19. 如权利要求 18所述的检测头組件， 其特征在于： 所述的 遮光罩还具有： 下部内凸缘（212 )和下部内周倒角和下部外周倒 角， 所述的下部内周倒角和下部外周倒角汇合处形成尖端（ 255 )， 所述的下部内倒角和下部外倒角处于所述下部内凸缘（ 212 )的边 沿的径向的外侧， 所述的下凸缘的下表面的径向靠内侧的一部分 是水平的， 所述的测试杯有多个， 而当支承所述多个测试杯的微 孔板移动而使测试杯的顶部与所述的遮光罩的倒角接触时， 在所 述的重力与所述的倒角的共同作用下使遮光罩上下滑动， 其中， 当遮光罩的倒角相交处的尖端（ 255 )与一个测试杯和相邻的测试 杯之间的接缝对准时， 重力将遮光罩的下端倒角的尖端压入到所 述接缝中。
20. 如权利要求 17所述的检测头組件， 其特征在于： 所述的 遮光罩 （202 ) 由锡青铜制成。 21. 一种检测测试杯内的光信号的检测仪器， 包括：
权利要求 1-20中之一所述的检测头组件；
机箱， 当所述的一个以上的测试杯被传送进入其内时其能够 实现光密封， 将所述测试杯与机箱外部环境光隔离；
所述的光电转换器件， 采光头（1 )固定连接在所述光电转换 器件的端部， 所述的光电转换器件相对于机箱被固定；
所述传送机构， 其相对于所述机箱被固定；
操作时， 所述的一体地连接在一起或相邻地放置在一起的一 个以上的测试杯 （6; 306 ) 能由一微孔板承载， 承载有测试杯的 微孔板能连同其承载的测试杯一起放置在所述传送机构上；
所述传送机构能承载带有测试杯（6; 306 ) 的所述微孔板并 对微孔板进行传送， '以使测试杯移动而使其顶部贴靠在所述顶板 的下表面上或与所述顶板的下表面离开一定间隙， 并使所述一个 以上的测试杯的顶部开口依次处于所述通孔的下面， 并依次与采 光头对准以便于采光头逐个采集各个测试杯内的光信号。
22. 一种微孔板单光子计数仪， 包括：
权利要求 1-20中之一所述的检测头组件；
机箱， 当所述的一个以上的测试杯被传送进入其内时其能够 实现光密封， 将所述测试杯与机箱外部环境光隔离；
单光子计数器， 其相对于所述的机箱被固定， 并包括所述的 光电转换器件，采光头（ 1 )固定连接在所述光电转换器件的端部； 所述传送机构， 其相对于所述机箱被固定；
操作时， 所述的连接成一体或相邻放置在一起的一个以上的 测试杯 （6; 306 ) 能由微孔板承载， 微孔板能连同由其承载的测 试杯一起放置在所述传送机构上； 所述传送机构能承载带有测试杯 （6; 306 ) 的所述微孔板并 将微孔板传送机箱内， 以使测试杯在封闭的机箱内移动而使其顶 部贴靠在所述顶板的下表面上或与所述顶板的下表面离开一定间 隙， 并使所述一个以上的测试杯的顶部开口依次处于所述通孔的 下面， 并依次与采光头对准以便于采光头逐个采集各个测试杯内 的光信号。
23. 一种用于检测测试杯内的光信号的检测仪器上用的遮光 罩（2; 202 ), 其为筒形， 并具有中央贯通的通道（21; 221 ), 所 述遮光罩的一部分可以插入检测仪器的顶板（ 5; 205 )的通孔（ 52; 250 )内， 并且遮光罩的形状和尺寸被构造成可以使检测仪器的采 光头 （1 ) 的下端插入到所述的遮光罩的通道（21; 221 ) 内而由 所述遮光罩围绕， 所述遮光罩下端的尺寸与所述测试杯的顶部开 口的尺寸相配合，以致当遮光罩下端与测试杯的顶部开口对准时， 其将该测试杯的顶部开口与其周围的环境光隔离。
24. 如权利要求 23所述的遮光罩， 其特征在于： 所述的遮光 罩的下端开口处的内周与外周都设有倒角， 内周倒角与外周倒角 汇合处形成尖端 （25 )。
25. 如权利要求 23所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述遮 光罩上端处带有外周凸缘（9 )。
26. 如权利要求 23所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述遮 光罩由摩擦系数小的耐磨材料制成。 如权利要求 23所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述遮 光罩由聚四氟乙烯或青铜制成。
28. 如权利要求 23所述的检测头组件， 其特征在于： 所述的 遮光罩 （2 )及所述的采光头 （1 ) 均为圆筒形， 所述的遮光罩的 内径与所述的采光头的外径之间的差为 0.3亳米至 3亳米。
29. 如权利要求 23所述的遮光罩， 其特征在于： 所述遮光罩 ( 202 )具有上部凸缘（ 209 ), 其直径足够大使其延伸到所述的顶 板的通孔（250 )的内表面以外， 所述的遮光罩的重量使得在通常 情况下所述的上部凸缘（ 209 )由于遮光罩的重力的作用而搭靠在 所述的顶板的通孔（250 )的边沿上， 使遮光罩通常处于其突出位 置， 而当所述的遮光罩受到测试杯的杯口施加到其下端处的向上 的推力时遮光罩能被向上推起。
30. 如权利要求 23所述的遮光罩， 其特征在于： 所述的遮光 罩（202 )还具有： 直径减小的中部（211 ), 其使得所述的遮光罩 的中部形成环槽， 而且其外表面与所述的顶板的通孔的内表面之 间有间隙， 使得所述的遮光罩与所述的顶板的通孔的配合为松动 配合； 下部外凸缘（210 )， 所述的下部外凸缘的下部处设有倒角
( 219 ), 所述顶板的通孔（250 )的内部轮廓形状及尺寸与所述下 部外凸缘（210 )的外部轮廓形状及尺寸相适应且相配合， 使得所 述的下部外凸缘（210 ) 受所述的顶板的通孔 （250 ) 的导向。
31. 如权利要求 23所述的遮光罩， 其特征在于： 所述的遮光 罩还具有： 下部内凸缘（212 ) 和下部内周倒角和下部外周倒角， 所述的下部内周倒角和下部外周倒角汇合处形成尖端 （255 )， 所 述的下部内倒角和下部外倒角处于所述下部内凸缘（ 212 )的边沿 的径向的外侧， 所述的下凸缘的下表面的径向靠内侧的一部分是 水平的。
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CN108490203A (zh) * 2018-06-07 2018-09-04 成都艾科斯伦医疗科技有限公司 一种新型测试杯进杯装置
CN108593259A (zh) * 2018-03-26 2018-09-28 镇江市建科工程质量检测中心有限公司 一种门窗采光性能检测设备
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CN116626037A (zh) * 2023-07-21 2023-08-22 天津市产品质量监督检测技术研究院 一种珍珠检测用装置

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CN108593259A (zh) * 2018-03-26 2018-09-28 镇江市建科工程质量检测中心有限公司 一种门窗采光性能检测设备
CN108593259B (zh) * 2018-03-26 2023-12-22 镇江市建设工程质量检测中心有限公司 一种门窗采光性能检测设备
CN108490203A (zh) * 2018-06-07 2018-09-04 成都艾科斯伦医疗科技有限公司 一种新型测试杯进杯装置
CN108490203B (zh) * 2018-06-07 2024-05-03 成都艾科斯伦医疗科技有限公司 一种新型测试杯进杯装置
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