WO2006089423A1 - An improved co2 absorption solution - Google Patents

An improved co2 absorption solution Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006089423A1
WO2006089423A1 PCT/CA2006/000274 CA2006000274W WO2006089423A1 WO 2006089423 A1 WO2006089423 A1 WO 2006089423A1 CA 2006000274 W CA2006000274 W CA 2006000274W WO 2006089423 A1 WO2006089423 A1 WO 2006089423A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
absorption
solution
carbonic anhydrase
dialkylether
group
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2006/000274
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sylvie Fradette
Olivera Ceperkovic
Original Assignee
Co2 Solution Inc.
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Co2 Solution Inc. filed Critical Co2 Solution Inc.
Priority to AU2006217575A priority Critical patent/AU2006217575B2/en
Priority to US11/817,067 priority patent/US7740689B2/en
Priority to CA2599493A priority patent/CA2599493C/en
Priority to EP06705228A priority patent/EP1850947A4/en
Publication of WO2006089423A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006089423A1/en
Priority to US12/763,105 priority patent/US8192531B2/en
Priority to AU2011201028A priority patent/AU2011201028B2/en
Priority to US13/077,316 priority patent/US8273155B2/en
Priority to US13/301,674 priority patent/US8480796B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
    • B01D2252/204—Amines
    • B01D2252/20421—Primary amines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
    • B01D2252/204—Amines
    • B01D2252/20431—Tertiary amines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to solutions for absorbing CO 2 for extraction and purification of gases. More particularly, it relates to a CO 2 absorption solution containing a biocatalyst, namely carbonic anhydrase as an activator, to increase CO 2 absorption rate. It also concerns the use of a biocatalyst, namely carbonic anhydrase, in a CO 2 absorption solution to increase the CO 2 absorption rate of such solution.
  • CO 2 removal from a gas stream may be obtained using chemical and physical absorption processes.
  • Chemical absorption of CO 2 may be performed with amine based processes and alkaline salt-based processes. In such processes, the absorbing medium reacts with the absorbed CO 2 .
  • Amines may be primary, secondary, and tertiary. These groups differ in their reaction rate, absorption capacity, corrosion, degradation, etc.
  • alkaline salt-based processes the most popular absorption solutions have been sodium and potassium carbonate. As compared to amines, alkaline salt solutions have lower reaction rates with CO 2 .
  • Alkanolamines in aqueous solution are another class of absorbent liquid for carbon dioxide removal from gaseous mixtures. Alkanolamines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the number of non-hydrogen substituents bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amino group. Monoethanolamine (HOCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) is an example of a well-know primary alkanolamine. Widely used secondary alkonalamine include diethanolamine ((HOCH 2 CH 2 ) 2 NH).
  • Triethanolamine (HOCH 2 CH 2 ) 3 N) and methyldiethanolamine ((HOCH 2 CH 2 ) 2 NCH 3 ) are examples of tertiary alkanolamines which have been used to absorb carbon dioxide from industrial gas mixtures.
  • Molecular structures of sterically hindered amines are generally similar to those of amines, except sterically hindered amines have an amino group attached to a bulky alkyl group. For example, 2-amino-2-methyl-1- propanol (NH 2 -C(CHa) 2 CH 2 OH).
  • R is an alkanol group.
  • This reaction is the cornerstone of the present invention, as it is the one accelerated by carbonic anhydrase.
  • the carbamate reaction product (RNHCOO " ) must be hydrolysed to bicarbonate (HCO 3 " ) according to the following reaction:
  • tertiary alkanolamines cannot react directly with carbon dioxide, because their amine reaction site is fully substituted with substituent groups. Instead, carbon dioxide is absorbed into solution by the following slow reaction with water to form bicarbonate (US 4,814,104; Ko, JJ. et al., Kinetics of absorption of carbon dioxide into solutions of N-methyldiethanolamine + water, Chemical Engineering Science, 55, pp.4139-4147,2000; Crooks, J. E. et al., Kinetics of the reaction between carbon dioxide and tertiary amines, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 55(4), 1372-1374, 1990; Rinker.E.B. et al., Kinetics and modelling of carbon dioxide absorption into aqueous solutions of N-methyldiethanolamine, Chemical Engineering Science, 50(5), pp.755-768, 1995):
  • GB 1102943 reports a way of removing CO 2 by using a solution of an alkanolamine in a dialkyl ether of a polyalkylene glycol
  • US 6,602,443 reduces CO 2 concentration from gas by adding tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether in combination with other alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols.
  • US 6,071 ,484 describes ways to remove acid gas with independent ultra-lean amines, mention is also made that a mixture of amines and physical absorbents can also be used with similar results.
  • promoters In order to increase the rate of CO 2 absorption, especially for aqueous tertiary alkanolamine solutions, promoters have been added to the solutions. Promoters such as piperazine, N,N-diethyl hydroxylamine oraminoethylethanolamine (AEE), is added to an absorption solution (chemical or physical solvent).
  • AEE aminoethylethanolamine
  • Yoshida et al. US 6,036,931 used various aminoalkylols in combination with either piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, glycine, 2-methylaminoethanol, 2-piperidineethanol or 2- ethylaminoethanol.
  • EP 0879631 discloses that a specific piperazine derivative for liquid absorbent is remarkably effective for the removal of CO 2 from combustion gases.
  • Peytavy et al. (US 6,290,754) used methyldiethanolamine with an activator of the general formula H 2 N-C n H n -NH-CH 2 -CH 2 OH, where n represents an integer ranging from 1 to 4.
  • US 6,582,498 describes a wire system to reduce CO 2 from gases where absorbent amine solutions and the presence of an activator are strongly suggested.
  • US 4,336,233 relates to a process for removing CO 2 from gases by washing the gases with absorbents containing piperazine as an accelerator.
  • Nieh (US 4,696,803) relied on aqueous solution of N-methyldiethanolamine and N 1 N- diethyl hydroxylamine counter currently contacted with gases to remove CO 2 or other acid gases.
  • CO 2 transformation may be catalyzed by a biocatalyst.
  • the biocatalyst is preferably the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.
  • CO 2 transformation reaction is the following:
  • the turnover rate of this reaction may reach 1 x 10 6 molecules/second (Khalifah.R and Silverman D.N., Carbonic anhydrase kinetics and molecular function, The Carbonic Anhydrase, Plenum Press, New York, pp.49-64, 1991).
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a CO2 absorption solution with an increased CO2 absorption rate.
  • that object is achieved with a formulation for absorbing CO2 containing water, at least one CO2 absorption compound, and carbonic anhydrase as an activator to enhance the absorption capacity of the CO 2 absorption compound.
  • a CO 2 absorption compound in accordance with the present invention represents any compound known in the field which is capable to absorb gaseous CO 2 .
  • the CO 2 absorption compound is selected from the group consisting of amines, alkanolamines, dialkylether of polyalkylene glycols and mixtures thereof.
  • amines (as also in the term “alkanolamines”), it is meant any optionally substituted aliphatic or cyclic amines or diamines.
  • the amines are selected from the group consisting of piperidine, piperazine and derivatives thereof which are substituted by at least one alkanol group.
  • alkanol as in the terms “alkanol group” or “alkanolamines”, it is meant any optionally substituted alkyl group comprising at least one hydroxyl group.
  • the alkanolamines are selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine (MEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), 2-(2- aminoethylamino)ethanol (AEE), 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (Tris), N- methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and triethanolamine.
  • MEA monoethanolamine
  • AMP 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
  • AEE 2-(2- aminoethylamino)ethanol
  • Tris 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
  • MDEA N- methyldiethanolamine
  • dialkylether of polyalkylene glycols used according to the invention are dialkylether of polyethylene glycols.
  • a dialkylether of polyethylene glycol is a dimethylether of polyethylene glycol.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a method to activate a CO2 absorption solution, which comprises the steps of:
  • Carbonic anhydrase is used as an activator to enhance performance of absorption solutions (for chemical/ physical absorption) for CO2 capture.
  • a third object of the invention concerns the use of carbonic anhydrase as an activator to increase CO2 absorption rate in an aqueous solution used for CO2 absorption.
  • the enzyme may be one of the constituents of the absorption solution or it can be fixed to a solid substrate (support) such as packing material onto which the absorption solution, in contact with gaseous CO2, flows.
  • FIG. 1 represents the performance, with or without using carbonic anhydrase, of absorption solutions comprising MEA, Tris, AMP, AEE, Pz or PEG DME as the CO 2 absorption compound; the performance is expressed as the relative CO 2 transfer rate of the given solution to the CO 2 transfer rate of a MEA solution without carbonic anhydrase, the concentration of the absorption solutions is 1.2 x 10 "2 M.
  • FIG. 2 represents the performance, with or without using carbonic anhydrase, of absorption solutions comprising MEA, AMP, MDEA or Tris as the absorption compound; the performance is expressed as the relative CO 2 transfer rate of the given solution to the CO 2 transfer rate of a MEA solution without carbonic anhydrase; the concentration of the absorption solutions is 1.44 x 10 "1 M.
  • FIG. 3 represents the performance, with or without using carbonic anhydrase, of absorption solutions comprising MEA or AMP as the absorption compound; the performance is expressed as the relative CO 2 transfer rate of the given solution to the CO 2 transfer rate of a MEA solution without carbonic anhydrase.
  • the concentration of the absorption solutions is 0.87 x 10 "1 M.
  • the activation of an absorption solution by carbonic anhydrase may be obtained (1) by directly adding carbonic anhydrase to the absorption solution or (2) by contacting an absorption solution, in contact with a gas phase containing CO 2 , to a solid support having immobilized carbonic anhydrase.
  • Carbonic anhydrase enhances performance of absorption solutions by reacting with dissolved CO 2 , maintaining a maximum CO 2 concentration gradient between gas and liquid phases and then maximizing CO 2 transfer rate.
  • the absorption solution is an aqueous solution of 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1 ,3-propanediol (0,15% (w/w)).
  • This absorption solution is contacted contercurrently with a gas phase with a CO 2 concentration of 52,000 ppm.
  • Liquid flow rate was 1.5 L/min and gas flow rate was 6.0 g/min.
  • Gas and absorption solution were at room temperature.
  • Operating pressure of the absorber was set at 5 psig.
  • the column has a 7.5 cm diameter and a 70 cm height.
  • Two tests were performed: the first with no activator, the second with carbonic anhydrase.
  • the concentration of carbonic anhydrase is adjusted to 20 mg per liter of solution.
  • the results obtained showed that CO 2 removal rate is 1.5 time higher in the absorption solution containing carbonic anhydrase.
  • CO 2 transfer rate was equal to 2.3 x 10 "3 mol/min with carbonic anhydrase.
  • a gas, containing CO 2 at a concentration of 8% (v/v) is fed to a packed bed reactor containing immobilized carbonic anhydrase.
  • the solid substrate is a polymeric material.
  • the gas is countercurrently contacted to an aqueous absorption solution.
  • Impact of the presence of the immobilized enzyme, as an activator, has been tested for chemical and physical solvents.
  • Selected compounds for absorption solutions are monoethanolamine (MEA), piperazine (Pz), 2-amino-2-methyl-1 -propanol (AMP), 2- (2-aminoethylamino)ethanol (AEE), 2-amino-2,hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (Tris) and dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol (PEG DME). Solutions were prepared at a concentration of 1.2 x 10 "2 M.
  • gas flow rate is 3.0 g/min
  • absorption solution flow rate is 0.5 L/min.
  • Height of packing with immobilized enzyme 75 cm.
  • Operating pressure is 1.4 psig.
  • Performance of absorption solutions are shown in Figure 1. Performance is expressed as a relative CO 2 transfer rate:
  • a gas, containing 8% of CO 2 (v/v) is fed to a packed bed reactor containing immobilized carbonic anhydrase.
  • the solid substrate is a polymeric material.
  • the gas is countercurrently contacted to an aqueous absorption solution.
  • Selected compounds for absorption solutions are monoethanolamine (MEA), 2-amino-2- methyl-1-propanol (AMP), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and 2-amino- 2,hydroxymethyl-1 ,3-propanediol (Tris). Solutions were prepared at a concentration of 1.44 x 10 "1 M.
  • gas flow rate is 1.0 g/min
  • absorption solution flow rate is 0.5 L/min
  • Height of packing is 25 cm.
  • Operating pressure is 1.4 psig.
  • Performance of absorption solutions are shown in Figure 2. Performance is expressed as a relative CO 2 transfer rate:
  • a gas, containing 8% of CO 2 (v/v) is fed to a packed bed reactor containing immobilized carbonic anhydrase.
  • the solid substrate is a polymeric material.
  • the gas is countercurrently contacted to an aqueous absorption solution.
  • Selected compounds for absorption solutions are monoethanolamine (MEA) and 2-amino-2- methyl-1-propanol (AMP). Solutions were prepared at a concentration of 87 mM.
  • gas flow rate is 3.0 g/min
  • absorption solution flow rate is 0.5 L/min
  • height of packing is 25 cm.
  • Operating pressure is 1.4 psig.
  • Performance of absorption solutions are shown in Figure 3. Performance is expressed as a relative CO 2 transfer rate:
PCT/CA2006/000274 2005-02-24 2006-02-24 An improved co2 absorption solution WO2006089423A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2006217575A AU2006217575B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2006-02-24 An improved CO2 absorption solution
US11/817,067 US7740689B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2006-02-24 CO2 absorption solution
CA2599493A CA2599493C (en) 2005-02-24 2006-02-24 An improved co2 absorption solution
EP06705228A EP1850947A4 (en) 2005-02-24 2006-02-24 IMPROVED CO2 ABSORPTION SOLUTION
US12/763,105 US8192531B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-04-19 CO2 absorption solution
AU2011201028A AU2011201028B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-03-08 An improved CO2 absorption solution
US13/077,316 US8273155B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-03-31 Carbonic anhydrase enhanced reaction methods and formulations
US13/301,674 US8480796B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-11-21 Methods and formulations using carbonic anhydrase and reaction compound combinations

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65544605P 2005-02-24 2005-02-24
US60/655,446 2005-02-24

Related Child Applications (3)

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US11/817,067 A-371-Of-International US7740689B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2006-02-24 CO2 absorption solution
US12/763,105 Continuation US8192531B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2010-04-19 CO2 absorption solution
US13/301,674 Continuation US8480796B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-11-21 Methods and formulations using carbonic anhydrase and reaction compound combinations

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US (4) US7740689B2 (en22)
EP (2) EP1850947A4 (en22)
AU (2) AU2006217575B2 (en22)
CA (1) CA2599493C (en22)
WO (1) WO2006089423A1 (en22)

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US20100203619A1 (en) 2010-08-12
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AU2011201028A1 (en) 2011-03-31
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