WO2006080948A2 - Resistance a la corrosion de recipients de stockage pour dechets nucleaires - Google Patents

Resistance a la corrosion de recipients de stockage pour dechets nucleaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006080948A2
WO2006080948A2 PCT/US2005/021145 US2005021145W WO2006080948A2 WO 2006080948 A2 WO2006080948 A2 WO 2006080948A2 US 2005021145 W US2005021145 W US 2005021145W WO 2006080948 A2 WO2006080948 A2 WO 2006080948A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
passivated
passivating
stainless steel
nuclear waste
corrosion resistant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/021145
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006080948A3 (fr
Original Assignee
Harrison, Sterling, T.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Harrison, Sterling, T. filed Critical Harrison, Sterling, T.
Publication of WO2006080948A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006080948A2/fr
Publication of WO2006080948A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006080948A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/02—Etching
    • C25F3/06—Etching of iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/02—Etching

Definitions

  • Nuclear wastes result from the production and use of nuclear materials.
  • Nuclear wastes are byproducts generated from spent nuclear fuel, dismantled nuclear weapons, and products such as radiopharmaceuticals.
  • Nuclear waste poses a long-term threat to the environment and to public health. The half-life of many of these wastes is measured in thousands of years. The most critical issue for the safe storage of nuclear waste is effective shielding and containment of radiation. The containers that are utilized for this task must contain the radioactive waste for thousands of years.
  • the present disclosure is directed to the passivation of the surfaces of storage containers, waste packages, engineered barriers, drums and/or devices of nuclear waste (all of which may be referred to as storage containers).
  • the surface passivation will be accomplished by an electro-chemical treatment process and/or a chemical treatment process.
  • Passivation is defined herein as the rendering of a corrosion resistant metal surface into a lower state of chemical reactivity.
  • These containers may include but are not limited to vats, casks, drums, tanks, vessels, hoppers, bins, drip shields and pipe.
  • These storage containers may be constructed of stainless steel alloys, precipitation hardened alloys, HASTALLOY (a trademark of Haynes International for a nickle alloy composition developed by Union Carbide), INCONELl (a trademarked product available from Special Metals Corporation), duplex alloys, nickel alloys, titanium alloys, or other corrosion resistant alloys.
  • HASTALLOY a trademark of Haynes International for a nickle alloy composition developed by Union Carbide
  • INCONELl a trademarked product available from Special Metals Corporation
  • duplex alloys nickel alloys, titanium alloys, or other corrosion resistant alloys.
  • the improved resistance to corrosion that is a result of the passivation process will add to the overall performance, safety and life of the storage container.
  • Passivation of storage containers and/or storage devices of nuclear waste can be accomplished by an electro-chemical treatment process known as electropolishing, electrolytic polishing and/or electrochemical polishing, and/or a chemical treatment process known as chemical passivation. These processes can be used individually or in combination with each other
  • Electropolishing is an electrochemical process by which surface material is removed by anodic dissolution.
  • the principles of electrochemical surfaces treatments are known and do not require extensive review. Electropolishing is accomplished by applying a direct current to a metal alloy within a heated electrolyte bath.
  • a cathode is assembled to mirror the surface of the material that is to be electropolished (the work piece).
  • a direct current is applied.
  • the work piece is charged anodic, and the cathode is made cathodic.
  • the flow of the current through the system forces metal ions to be dissolved from the surface of the metal alloy.
  • Passivation by electropolishing can be achieved by processing the material in an electrolyte bath or by "selective" or “brush” techniques.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an electropolishing system.
  • Figure 2 is a simple depiction of a selective or brush electropolishing system.
  • Figure 3 is a magnified (300Ox) view of cold-rolled annealed, 2B sheet 304 stainless steel material.
  • Figure 4 is a magnified (300Ox) view of electropolished cold-rolled annealed, 2B sheet 304 stainless steel material.
  • Figure 5 is a magnified (3000x) view of mechanically polished (320 grit) 304 stainless steel material.
  • Figure 6 is a magnified (300Ox) view of mechanically polished (320 grit) 304 stainless steel material that has been electropolished.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of one embodiment or process for achieving same.
  • Figure 8 is a graph (Graph 1) of an Auger Electron Spectroscopy analysis of electropolished 316L stainless steel plotting "atomic composition” percent versus "depth”.
  • Electropolishing utilizing an electrolytic bath for submersion is described in very basic terms by Figure 1.
  • the storage container part or material 10 to be electropolished is placed on a rack or tooling 30 which is attached to a positive DC power supply extension 33.
  • the rack 30 is placed in a tank 34 filled with a proper electrolytic solution 36.
  • the material 10 submerged in the electrolyte 36 is subjected to a direct current.
  • the material 10 is maintained anodic while a cathode 38 is maintained cathodic.
  • Anodic dissolution occurs as current flows through the electrolyte 36.
  • FIG. 2 Selective and/or brush techniques of electropolishing are described in very basic terms by Figure 2.
  • the part or material 40 to be electropolished is connected 55 to the positive terminal of a direct power source.
  • An electropolishing brush or wand 45 is connected 56 to the negative terminal of a direct power source.
  • a porous insulating pad 50 is used to prevent contact between the material 40 and the wand 45 and to hold a proper electrolyte 66 between the material 40 and the wand 45.
  • the electrolyte 66 is pumped through the wand 45 and into the pad 50. Direct current is applied.
  • the material 40 is maintained anodic and the wand 45 is maintained cathodic.
  • Anodic dissolution occurs as current flows from the material 40 through the electrolyte 66 to the wand 45.
  • One reason for the improved resistance to corrosion after electropolishing is that the electropolishing process enhances the properties of the materials' oxide Iayer42. This passive oxide layer after electropolishing is generally thicker, more uniform and with fewer interruptions.
  • Chemical passivation will improve corrosion resistance.
  • the surface of a part is chemically treated by an acidic solution or bath, and/or a mild chemical oxidant. The process will remove free iron, imbedded particles and other foreign contaminants and will promote the formation of a thick uniform corrosion resistant layer.
  • Chemical passivation can be accomplished by, for example, submersing, swabbing and/or spraying all surfaces with the proper passivating chemicals.
  • the passivating chemical 75 is pumped and sprayed onto the surface 72 of the part, material or container 70 to be chemically passivated.
  • the passivating chemical 75 is sprayed onto the external surfaces of a container 70 through nozzles 75 connected to a distribution manifold 77.
  • the passivating chemicals 75 are shown being applied to the internal surfaces of the container 70 by a spray ball nozzle 79.
  • the metal material or part 10, 40 or 70 to be passivated may be only one layer of a multilayer storage container (such other layers could, for example, be concrete, ceramic, etc.).
  • a multilayer storage container such other layers could, for example, be concrete, ceramic, etc.
  • Such material may be, for example, a 200 series (UNS 2XXXX) stainless steel, 300 series (UNS 3XXXX) stainless steel, 400 series (UNS 4XXXX) stainless steel, precipitation-hardened stainless steel, Duplex stainless steel, a grade of HASTALLOY, or a grade of INCONEL, nickel alloy, or titanium alloy material.
  • the metal material or part 10, 40 or 70 can be treated when new or used; internally and/or externally; and on or off site.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés permettant d'améliorer la résistance à la corrosion de récipients de stockage, dispositifs de stockage, emballages de déchets et/ou enveloppes de confinements pour déchets nucléaires fabriqués à partir d'alliages métalliques anticorrosion. Ces procédés ont pour effet d'abaisser l'état de réactivité chimique du métal anticorrosion. Cette amélioration s'obtient par un traitement électrochimique et/ou chimique.
PCT/US2005/021145 2004-06-16 2005-06-15 Resistance a la corrosion de recipients de stockage pour dechets nucleaires WO2006080948A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86924704A 2004-06-16 2004-06-16
US10/869,247 2004-06-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006080948A2 true WO2006080948A2 (fr) 2006-08-03
WO2006080948A3 WO2006080948A3 (fr) 2009-04-16

Family

ID=36740921

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2005/021145 WO2006080948A2 (fr) 2004-06-16 2005-06-15 Resistance a la corrosion de recipients de stockage pour dechets nucleaires

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2006080948A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102839364A (zh) * 2012-09-11 2012-12-26 上海神洲阳光特种钢管有限公司 一种食品级不锈钢管的表面处理工艺
WO2016116292A1 (fr) 2015-01-22 2016-07-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif d'enlèvement électrochimique de matière sur une pièce

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3766030A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-10-16 Muroc Prod Corp Method of electropolishing
US4125444A (en) * 1976-12-14 1978-11-14 Inoue-Japax Research Incorporated Electrochemical polishing method
US4486512A (en) * 1982-02-10 1984-12-04 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. Radioactive waste sealing container

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3766030A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-10-16 Muroc Prod Corp Method of electropolishing
US4125444A (en) * 1976-12-14 1978-11-14 Inoue-Japax Research Incorporated Electrochemical polishing method
US4486512A (en) * 1982-02-10 1984-12-04 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. Radioactive waste sealing container

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DAVIS ET AL.: 'ASM Handbook', vol. 13, 1996, ASM INTERNATIONAL page 552 *
SMART: 'Nirex Report - Waste Packaging - Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Radioactive Waste Containers', November 2000, UNITED KINGDOM NIREX LIMITED page 3, 9 *
WISE: 'Long-Term Care' RADWASTE SOLUTIONS January 2003, pages 40 - 46 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102839364A (zh) * 2012-09-11 2012-12-26 上海神洲阳光特种钢管有限公司 一种食品级不锈钢管的表面处理工艺
CN102839364B (zh) * 2012-09-11 2014-08-13 上海神洲阳光特种钢管有限公司 一种食品级不锈钢管的表面处理工艺
WO2016116292A1 (fr) 2015-01-22 2016-07-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif d'enlèvement électrochimique de matière sur une pièce
DE102015201080A1 (de) 2015-01-22 2016-07-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum elektrochemischen Abtragen von Material von einem Werkstück
CN107206519A (zh) * 2015-01-22 2017-09-26 西门子公司 从工件电化学剥离材料的方法和装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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