WO2006075612A1 - 原虫類オーシストの測定方法及び検出用試薬 - Google Patents
原虫類オーシストの測定方法及び検出用試薬 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006075612A1 WO2006075612A1 PCT/JP2006/300205 JP2006300205W WO2006075612A1 WO 2006075612 A1 WO2006075612 A1 WO 2006075612A1 JP 2006300205 W JP2006300205 W JP 2006300205W WO 2006075612 A1 WO2006075612 A1 WO 2006075612A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54313—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
- G01N33/54326—Magnetic particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/56905—Protozoa
Definitions
- the present invention is a measurement of protozoan oocysts that can detect the presence of protozoan oocysts in various environments such as raw water, drainage, sewage, natural water, and soil at low cost and with ease.
- the present invention relates to a method and a detection reagent.
- Cryptosporidium is a gastrointestinal parasitic protozoa that parasitizes the stomach and mucous membranes of the intestinal tract of mammals and birds and causes diarrhea. Cryptosporidium proliferates in the intestinal tract of the parasitic host by repeating the asexual and sexual reproduction stages, and oocysts resulting from sexual reproduction are excreted in the feces of the parasitic host. Since oocysts are stable and remain active for a long time, if oocysts discharged into river water or groundwater for any reason get mixed with drinking water, it may lead to human infection.
- Cryptosporidium oocysts have extremely strong resistance to chlorination and ozone treatment, and normal water treatment cannot completely kill oocysts in water. Therefore, in order to prevent infection of Cryptosporidium via water, the ability to sufficiently remove or sterilize the pathogenic protozoa, and to analyze and analyze a small amount of oocysts in the sample with high accuracy Is needed.
- the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has established provisional countermeasure guidelines for preventive and emergency measures against these chlorine-resistant microorganisms (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example).
- a “concentration step” in which collected samples are concentrated by a method such as suction filtration, pressure filtration, cartridge filter method, centrifugal precipitation method, density gradient, etc.
- Separation '' purification process which separates and purifies protozoan oocysts from other suspended substances by methods such as centrifugation, immunomagnetic particle method (immunomagnetic bead method), and then immunofluorescent antibody staining (indirect Or the direct method) immunostaining protozoan oocysts and measuring with a microscope, the three steps of "staining and microscopic process", or the above two steps of "concentration process” and “staining and microscopic process” The operation method will be described.
- the provisional guidelines of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare recommend the immunomagnetic bead method as the above-mentioned “separation / purification process” method in the detection measurement of cryptosporidium oocysts.
- This method is generally a method in which immunomagnetic beads having a diameter of 5 to 6 / ⁇ are added to a sample that has undergone the concentration step to cause an immune reaction, and oocysts bound on the beads are magnetically recovered together with the beads.
- the collected oocysts can be observed by direct immunofluorescence staining, but the immune magnetic beads have autofluorescence and the size is similar to that of oocysts.
- the acid dissociation solution containing oocysts is placed on a slide glass and neutralized with alkali.
- the prepared solution is air-dried, washed with methanol, and then the oocyst is stained with a fluorescent antibody. Dyeing takes 30 minutes. In addition, washing is performed to remove unbound fluorescent antibody, but extreme caution is required to prevent the oocysts from being washed away from the preparation.
- a method for detecting a Cryptosporidium-specific DNA sequence using PCR is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the cryptosporidium recovered by centrifugation is treated according to conventional procedures such as protein digestion using proteinase K, phenol-chloroform treatment, ethanol precipitation, etc.
- This method detects the presence of Cryptosporidium by amplifying a Cryptosporidium-specific sequence using PCR.
- this method is never an inexpensive and simple method, such as the use of a thermal cycler or a primer having a specific base sequence for amplifying DNA.
- centrifugation is used when recovering cryptosporidium. Since the specific gravity of polycystic oocysts and sporozoites is close to 1, it is not possible to sufficiently detect the cristosporidium present in a sample with a large loss that cannot be recovered by general low-speed centrifugation. There's a problem.
- Non-Patent Literature 1 Countermeasures for water supply cryptosporidium, Supervision of the Water Environment Department, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Public Health Department, published by Giyosei Co., Ltd. (published December 1999), pages 1-2
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-243953 Disclosure of the invention
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring oocysts of protozoa such as cryptosporidium in environmental samples in a short time with high sensitivity and low cost.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a simple and highly sensitive measurement method for protozoan oocysts and a detection reagent used therefor.
- magnetic nano-particles having a particle diameter of 5 to 500 nm, which are different from the micron-sized magnetic beads used in the conventional immunomagnetic bead method. It was found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using “particles”.) Based on this, the present invention was completed.
- the magnetic particle complex is a cisto-anti-oocyst antibody-magnetic particle complex formed by adding a magnetic particle having an anti-oocyst antibody immobilized thereto to a specimen ( The method for measuring protozoan oocysts according to 1) or (2) above.
- the binding factor comprises an anti-oocyst antibody and a binding factor component that specifically recognizes the antibody (hereinafter also referred to as “anti-oocyst antibody binding factor component”). ) Measuring method for protozoan oocysts.
- Oostocyst binding factor The magnetic fine particle complex forms an Oostist anti-oocyst antibody complex by adding an antibody against the oocyst to the sample.
- the protozoan according to (1) above which is a cystosis anti-oocyst antibody-anti-oocyst antibody binding factor component magnetic fine particle complex formed by adding magnetic fine particles to which an anti-oocyst antibody binding factor component is immobilized.
- a reagent for detecting protozoan oocysts in a sample comprising magnetic fine particles having a particle diameter of 5 to 500 nm, to which an anti-oocyst antibody or anti-oocyst antibody binding factor component is immobilized.
- a protozoan oocyst measuring method and a protozoan oocyst detection reagent capable of detecting protozoan oocysts easily, quickly and accurately without the need of a skilled expert Can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an immune complex.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of an immune complex (Krybutos polyzymosis anti-krytosporidium polycystic antibody magnetic bead complex) using a conventional magnetic bead method.
- Figure 1B shows the use of magnetic nanoparticles according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cryptosporium polycystoanti-cryptospodium polycystic antibody-anti-cryptos polymucocyst antibody binding factor component stimulus-responsive polymer-monomagnetic nanoparticle complex.
- Fig. 2A is an immunofluorescence micrograph of Cryptosporidium polycystus separated by UCST-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles
- Fig. 2B is Cryptosplas separated by UCST-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles. It is an immunofluorescence micrograph in the aggregation state of polymucocyst.
- 2C and 2D are the bright field micrographs of FIGS. 2A and 2B, respectively.
- FIGS. 3A and C are bright-field micrographs of commercially available magnetic beads
- FIGS. 3B and D are fluorescence micrographs of FIGS. 3A and C, respectively.
- FIGS. 4A and B are bright-field micrographs of yeast and oocysts before immunofluorescence labeling.
- Figures 4C and D are a bright-field photomicrograph and a fluorescence micrograph of the yeast after immunolabeling, respectively.
- FIGS. 4E and F are bright-field micrographs and fluorescent micrographs, respectively, in which excess yeast and Cryptosporidium oocysts were mixed and immunolabeled.
- FIG. 5A is a bright-field micrograph of an aggregate of magnetic nanoparticles separated by UCST-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles
- FIG. 5B is a fluorescence micrograph thereof
- Fig. 5C is a bright-field micrograph of the supernatant after separation with UCST-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles
- Fig. 5D is a fluorescence micrograph thereof.
- the present invention adds a magnetic fine particle having a particle diameter of 5 to 500 nm, to which a binding factor for specifically recognizing the oocyst is fixed, to a specimen containing a protozoan oocyst.
- Factor By forming the magnetic nanoparticle complex, the binding properties with the oocysts are remarkably fast due to its fine particle properties, and autofluorescence is not observed in the magnetic nanoparticles, so it is a conventional essential process. The process of dissociating existing magnetic particles from oocysts with hydrochloric acid is no longer necessary.
- the complex can be recovered and used for the next detection step in the state of the “ostoist binding factor magnetic nanoparticle complex” in which the magnetic nanoparticle and the oocyst are bound via a binding factor. Promptness and recovery rate are greatly improved.
- Fig. 1A shows the behavior of protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium in the conventional magnetic bead method.
- the complex is shown schematically.
- FIG. 1B shows a magnetic nanoparticle immobilized with a stimuli-responsive polymer bound to an anti-Kryptos polymucocystist antibody binding agent component according to the present invention, and an anti-Kryptos polymucocystist antibody-cryptos.
- a complex with polymuoscist is shown schematically.
- the dispersed magnetic nanoparticles are aggregated by changing the temperature and pH, they can be easily recovered by setting a magnetic stone disk or the like. Therefore, centrifugation is not necessary.
- magnetic nanoparticles and stimuli-responsive polymers do not have autofluorescence, it is possible to proceed to the next detection (labeling) step without separating the magnetic beads and oocysts after the recovery operation. It is. Easy dispersion / recovery simplifies the dyeing process. Specifically, a buffer solution and a fluorescent antibody are added to the collected magnetic nanoparticles, and pipetting is performed for several tens of seconds in a dispersed state.
- the state is changed to agglomerated state, collected with a magnetic board, and the supernatant is discarded.
- the bonding method, the bonding time, and the location for forming a complex of magnetic nanoparticles and oocysts are arbitrary.
- an immunocomplex may be formed by preparing magnetic nanoparticles in which an antibody against oocysts is immobilized in advance and adding this to a specimen containing oocysts. By forming the antibody, a cistoanti-oocyst antibody complex is formed.
- magnetic nanoparticles having a binding factor that recognizes the anti-oocyst antibody immobilized thereon are added to the sample to form a cisto anti-oocyst antibody-anti-oocyst antibody binding factor component-magnetic fine particle complex.
- Piotin, avidin, and a pyotinylated antibody can also be used freely.
- a complex may be formed directly between the anti-oocyst antibody and the magnetic nanoparticle, or a complex may be formed indirectly via an avidin, piotin, pyotin ⁇ antibody, or the like.
- a pre-labeled magnetic nanoparticle is used to form a complex with an oocyst, thereby forming a labeled complex in one step. It can also be made. In this case also, process shortening and accuracy improvement are achieved.
- the material of the magnetic nanoparticles used in the present invention may be an organic substance or an inorganic substance as long as it is a substance exhibiting magnetism at room temperature.
- substances exhibiting magnetism include acid nickel particles, ferrite particles, magnetite particles, maghemite particles, cobalt iron oxide, barium ferrite, carbon steel, tungsten steel.
- the particle size of the magnetic nanoparticles is in the range of 5 to 500 nm, preferably in the range of 20 to 150 nm.
- the surface area per unit volume of the magnetic nanoparticles can be increased, so that the sensitivity to antigens (ocysts) in the immunomagnetic bead method is greatly improved. Can do.
- shortening of the binding reaction time can be achieved.
- the particle size of the magnetic nanoparticles is less than 5 nm, it takes time for magnetic separation, and it takes a very long time. If it exceeds 500 nm, the ability to recognize oocysts may be reduced.
- Magnetic magnetite fine particles having a particle size of several tens of nanometers can be obtained by making magnetite into double micelles using sodium oleate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and dispersing these micelles in an aqueous solution. . This method is described in Biocatalysis, 1991, Vol. 5, pages 61-69.
- the binding factor to be immobilized on the magnetic nanoparticles is a molecule that has a specific binding ability to protozoan oocysts and has a function of binding oocysts and magnetic nanoparticles into a complex. It may be composed of a single component with no particular restriction, or may be composed of a plurality of binding factor components. An antibody or the like can be used as a binding factor.
- a complex of magnetic nanoparticles containing an antibody such as an anti-oocyst antibody is sometimes referred to as an immunomagnetic nanoparticle.
- a complex with a particle is sometimes called an immune complex.
- the fixing method is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be used.
- an amino acid residue for example, amino group, carboxyl group, etc.
- a functional group immobilized on the surface of the nanoparticle for example, a carboxyl group, an amino group, or an epoxy group
- a biotin method is used in which piotin is immobilized in advance on the surface of the nanoparticle, and avidin having a specific binding ability is bound to piotin, and a pyotin-antibody antibody is prepared using a commercially available piotin-kit. Thereafter, a method of immobilizing an antibody on the surface of the nanoparticle using an avidin-piotine bond formed in an aqueous solution may be mentioned.
- Specific forms of mediating the binding between magnetic nanoparticles and oocysts include, for example, piotin and avidin, antigen and antibody, polynucleotide and polynucleotide having a complementary base sequence to the polynucleotide.
- a magnetic nanoparticle in which a stimulus-responsive polymer is immobilized.
- the magnetic nanoparticles fixed with the stimulus-responsive polymer can be given a corresponding stimulus to be precipitated and aggregated, whereby the magnetic nanoparticles can be collected more effectively by the magnet. it can.
- the stimulus-responsive polymer has a property that the polymer precipitates and aggregates in the solvent in response to the stimulus of temperature, pH, light, magnetic field, electricity, etc. in the solvent containing the polymer. It refers to the polymer that does.
- the oocysts and immunomagnetic nanoparticles form an immune complex, and then stimulating the solvent containing the immune complex, the immune complex Can be separated easily (recovered). It is possible to use a conventionally known stimulus-responsive polymer even with a shift.
- the stimulus-responsive polymer is, for example, a pH-responsive polymer whose physical properties (solubility in the solvent, shape, etc.) respond with a change in pH, and the wavelength of light.
- examples include photo-responsive polymers that respond to changes, and thermo-responsive polymers that respond to temperature changes.
- Particularly preferred are thermoresponsive polymers.
- a thermoresponsive polymer is a polymer that repeats aggregation and dissolution reversibly in an aqueous solution due to temperature changes.
- a thermoresponsive polymer a polymer having a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) (LCST polymer) and a polymer having a upper critical temperature (UCST) (UCST polymer) are known.
- poly-N-isopropylacrylamide is known as a polymer showing LCST in an aqueous solution, and its phase transition temperature is 32 ° C.
- Copolymers of acrylamide and N-acetyl acrylamide are known as polymers showing UCST in aqueous solution, and the phase transition temperature can be changed variously depending on the ratio of each monomer component.
- heat-responsive magnetic nanoparticles examples include magnetic fine particles described in International Publication WO02Z16528 Pamphlet, International Publication WO02Z16571 Pamphlet, and the like.
- environmental sample means raw tap water, soil, waste water, sewage, pool water, feces Such as stool.
- the environmental sample may be subjected to a concentration step as necessary, and used as a specimen for performing the purification and separation step of the present invention.
- ocyst refers to a zygote encased in a membrane. Zygote splits inside the oocysts to form infectious sporozoites.
- the oocysts are characterized by extremely strong resistance to environmental changes such as drying and chemicals due to the presence of their shells.
- magnetic nanoparticles are used in place of the conventional micron-sized magnetic beads, thereby allowing protozoan oocysts to be more sensitive. It becomes possible to collect.
- the magnetic nanoparticles bound to UCST polymer when using magnetic nanoparticles bound to UCST polymer, add the magnetic nanoparticles with antibodies against oocysts immobilized in the specimen at room temperature, and perform pipetting operation for several tens of seconds (preferably 20 to 60 seconds). By stirring the mixture, an “immunocomplex” in which oocysts and magnetic nanoparticles are bound via an antibody can be formed. The reaction time can be significantly reduced from the 1 hour reaction time required for the conventional micron-sized immunomagnetic bead method.
- the immune complex is recovered by magnetic separation.
- the magnetic separation method a conventionally known method can be used.
- Magnetic nanoparticles fixed with a stimulus-responsive polymer according to the present invention repeat aggregation and dissociation due to heat, cold, pH change, and the like. Therefore, if the magnetic nanoparticles added to the reaction solution are aggregated in advance by changes in heat, pH, etc., they can be easily separated by a magnet. Since the particle size is small, the reactivity of the recognition bond is high and the separation is easy, and a magnetic column is not required. Therefore, stimuli-responsive polymer-immobilized magnetic particles (stimulus-responsive magnetic nanoparticles) with a particle size of 5 to 500 nm, to which antibodies against protozoan oocysts are immobilized, are effective as detection reagents.
- thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles that reversibly dissolve and agglomerate with a slight temperature change in an aqueous solution
- Cryptosporicus oocysts in an environmental sample as a specimen can be efficiently collected. It can be recovered. This is the force with which the magnetic nanoparticles exhibit excellent dispersibility in an appropriate temperature range.
- thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles Since it aggregates with a change in degree, it is easy to recover.
- thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles obtained by immobilizing LCST polymer the thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticle obtained by immobilizing UCST polymer on the contrary by heating operation.
- the thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles can be aggregated by a cooling operation. Magnetic separation is performed by quickly applying a magnet to the aggregate, and the washing operation is facilitated by discarding the supernatant.
- thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles obtained by fixing LCST polymer cooling is sufficient, and in the case of thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles obtained by fixing UCST polymer, heating is sufficient. Therefore, removal of non-specifically bound substances and removal of non-binding antibodies for fluorescent staining can be performed efficiently with newly added buffer solution. Each dispersion / aggregation process only takes tens of seconds.
- the number of oocysts in the specimen is measured by performing an oocyst detection step.
- the oocysts with the magnetic nanoparticles bound thereto can be used for the next detection step as they are (without eluting and dissociating the magnetic fine particles).
- the immune complex it is preferable to label the immune complex by a conventionally known method, so that oocysts can be easily detected by microscopy.
- the present invention since it is not necessary to dissociate the magnetic nanoparticles, it is possible to obtain a “labeled complex” in one step by using pre-labeled magnetic nanoparticles.
- the detection step using a label that can be used in the present invention is particularly limited as long as it includes a step of labeling and measuring a complex formed by reacting an oocyst and magnetic nanoparticles.
- a method usually used in this field can be applied as appropriate.
- any of the direct method, the indirect method, the homogenous method, the heterogeneous method, and the like in the immunoassay method may be used, and the radioimmunoassay using RI as a label for detecting the complex, It is possible to adopt a shift between alkaline phosphatase and enzyme immunoassay using enzymes such as peroxidase and fluorescent immunoassay using fluorescent substances.
- a method of labeling with a fluorescent substance is preferable, and a fluorescent substance generally used in immunofluorescence can be used as appropriate.
- a fluorescent substance generally used in immunofluorescence can be used as appropriate.
- fluorescein, rhodamine, sulfollowamamine 101, lucifer yellow, atalidine, riboflavin and the like can be mentioned. Fluorescein is preferred.
- the number of cryptosporidium oocysts present in environmental samples is desired to be detected in several units. Drinking water, such as raw water, must not be contaminated with cryptosporius oocysts. It is required to detect 1 to several oocysts in environmental samples, especially those related to tap water and drinking water. With the above observation method, it is possible to accurately and clearly observe the number of cryptosporidium oocysts present in environmental samples.
- A400FLR-20X was added and reacted at room temperature for 10 minutes. Thereafter, 21 (KPL-0.5ug / ⁇ 1) of a commercially available piotin-anti-anti-mouse Anti-IgM secondary antibody (IgG) was added and allowed to react at room temperature for 10 minutes. Thereafter, 5 ⁇ KlOmg / ml) avidin was added and left at room temperature for 10 minutes, followed by centrifugation for 5 minutes (lOOOOrpm at room temperature) to remove the supernatant. 0.5 ml of TBST buffer solution was added to remove unreacted FITC and Anti-Cryptosporidium secondary antibody, Anti-IgM secondary antibody, and avidin.
- Cryptosporidium polycystosis anti-Cryptosporidium polystosis fluorescent antibody-anti-fluorescent antibody piotin ⁇ antibody prepared by the above operation 1 was added. After leaving it to stand at 42 ° C for 2 minutes, a test tube was set on a magnetic board and immersed in a 0 ° C ice bath for 5 minutes to cool down, and magnetic recovery of the Talibtos polycystis was performed.
- thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles were redispersed at room temperature. After standing for 2 minutes, the dispersed UCS T-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles were re-agglomerated by immersing them again in an ice bath, and magnetic recovery of the UCS T-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles was performed using a magnet.
- the prepared specimen sample was taken as it was for 21 minutes without elution of the UCST-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles and Cryptosporidium oocysts, and dropped on a slide glass to prepare a preparation for observation.
- FIG. 2A is an immunofluorescence micrograph in a dispersed state of Cryptosporidium oocysts separated by UCST-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles
- FIG. 2C is a bright-field micrograph thereof.
- FIG. 2A the fluorescence image of UCST-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles is not observed, and it can be seen that an efficient observation image is obtained without dissociation from the magnetic nanoparticles.
- FIG. 2B is an immunofluorescence micrograph of Cryptosporidium oocysts separated by UCST-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles. The arrows in Fig.
- thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles are the aggregates of UCS T-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles, but no fluorescence image is observed. The fact that the fluorescence is not observed even in such an aggregated state clearly indicates that the observation of the thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles cannot be hindered.
- Fig. 2D is a clear-field micrograph of Fig. 2B, and the arrows in Fig. 2D are aggregates of UCST-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles.
- the supernatant after magnetic recovery was centrifuged (room temperature, 10000 rpm, 5 min) to attempt to recover unrecovered Talibtos polycystis. After centrifugation, the supernatant is gently aspirated and discarded, and 50 1 of new TBST buffer solution is added to the tube, and the fluorescence of the oocysts is detected. The supernatant is also fluorescently labeled Cryptosporidium. A force that no cyst was observed. From this result, it was confirmed that Cryptosporidium oocysts were recovered from the specimen with an efficiency close to 100%.
- micron-sized magnetic beads Prior to the separation test for Cryptosporicus oocysts, micron-sized magnetic beads, which are commercially available, were observed with a fluorescence microscope.
- Fig. 3A is a bright-field micrograph of commercially available magnetic beads
- Fig. 3B is a fluorescence micrograph of Fig. 3A.
- the size of the fluorescence is very similar to that of the Cryptosporidium oocysts stained with FITC.
- test tube After shaking, the test tube was set on a magnet board, the magnetic beads were collected, and the supernatant was discarded. The test tube was removed from the magnetic plate, and again 5001 TBST buffer solution was stirred gently for 30 minutes. Then, the magnetic plate was set in the test tube, the immunomagnetic beads were collected, and the supernatant was discarded. This operation was repeated two more times, and then suspended in 50 1 TBST buffer solution to prepare a microscope preparation.
- FIG. 3C is a bright-field micrograph
- FIG. 3D is a fluorescence micrograph of FIG. 3C.
- both Cryptosporidium oocysts and magnetic beads were observed on the bright-field micrographs, but only magnetic beads were observed on the fluorescence micrographs. Cryptosporidium oocysts were not observed.
- the arrow shows the force immunofluorescence labeling of Cryptosporidium oocysts that have been separated with commercially available magnetic beads, so Cryptosporidium cysts are not observed with a fluorescence microscope, Commercially available magnetic beads were observed.
- magnetic particles and Cryptosporicus oocysts are very similar in size and shape, as shown in the bright-field and dark-field (fluorescence image) micrographs in Fig. 3. It was confirmed that it was extremely difficult to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts with a fluorescence microscope without elution of the Cryptosporidium cysts.
- thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles Comparison of separation efficiency between UCST-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles and conventional micron-sized magnetic beads
- Example 2 The same experiment as in Example 2 was tried using a commercially available cryptosporidium oocyst detection kit.
- 500 1 TBST buffer solution, 1.68 x 10, 1.68 x 10 2 , 1.68 x 10 3 and 1.68 x 10 4 commercially available Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts standard reagents ( Waterborne TM, Inc, 1.25 ⁇ 10 6 pieces / ml) was added to the test tube, and then Dynabeads Ant Cryptosporidium (Veritas) was added. After gently shaking for 1 hour, the test tube was set on a magnetic board, the immunomagnetic beads were collected, and the supernatant was discarded.
- FIGS. 4C to F immunofluorescence images of yeast alone (see FIGS. 4C and D.
- C is a bright-field photomicrograph of yeast after immunolabeling
- D is a fluorescence micrograph thereof.
- E is a bright field photomicrograph
- F is the fluorescence micrograph
- the yeast indicated by the arrow was not confirmed by the fluorescence microscope, and only fluorescence detection of Cryptosporicus cystis was observed (see FIG. 4F).
- Fig. 5A This is a bright-field photomicrograph of an aggregate of magnetic nanoparticles separated by UCST-type thermally responsive magnetic nanoparticles, and Fig. 5B is a fluorescence micrograph thereof.
- Fig. 5C shows UCST-type thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles. After separation, it is a bright-field photomicrograph of the remaining supernatant, and FIG. 5D is the fluorescence micrograph).
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| GB0713478A GB2439846B (en) | 2006-01-11 | 2006-01-11 | Method of assaying protozoan oocyst and detection reagent |
| US11/813,563 US9297799B2 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2006-01-11 | Method for measuring protozoan oocyst and detecting reagent |
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| JP2005004426A JP4554375B2 (ja) | 2005-01-11 | 2005-01-11 | 原虫類オーシストの測定方法及び検出用試薬 |
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| JP2012523576A (ja) * | 2009-04-13 | 2012-10-04 | ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ リーランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティ | 試料中の分析物の存在を検出するための方法および装置 |
| US10101299B2 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2018-10-16 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Standford Junior University | Magnetic sensor based quantitative binding kinetics analysis |
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| JP5476558B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-02 | 2014-04-23 | 公益財団法人ヒューマンサイエンス振興財団 | 水試料中の原虫のろ過回収方法および水道水又は水道原水の水質の管理方法 |
| US7981688B2 (en) | 2007-03-08 | 2011-07-19 | University Of Washington | Stimuli-responsive magnetic nanoparticles and related methods |
| JP5026251B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2012-09-12 | オーソ・クリニカル・ダイアグノスティックス株式会社 | 検出対象の検出方法及び定量方法 |
| JP5184072B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2013-04-17 | オーソ・クリニカル・ダイアグノスティックス株式会社 | 検出対象の検出方法及び定量方法 |
| US8426214B2 (en) | 2009-06-12 | 2013-04-23 | University Of Washington | System and method for magnetically concentrating and detecting biomarkers |
| US9080933B2 (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2015-07-14 | University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization | Stimuli-responsive polymer diagnostic assay comprising magnetic nanoparticles and capture conjugates |
| US20110117668A1 (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-19 | University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization | Self-powered smart diagnostic devices |
| KR101349713B1 (ko) | 2012-06-25 | 2014-01-14 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 아민-자성 나노응집제를 이용한 미세조류의 회수방법 |
| JP6762082B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-13 | 2020-09-30 | 静岡県公立大学法人 | 刺激応答性磁性ナノ粒子を用いた検出対象を検出する方法 |
| CN113646633A (zh) * | 2018-10-17 | 2021-11-12 | 易兹代亚科技股份有限公司 | 生物材料侦测微颗粒和使用其的生物材料侦测方法 |
| WO2025047645A1 (ja) * | 2023-08-29 | 2025-03-06 | 学校法人早稲田大学 | 温度応答性蛍光粒子を用いた生体分子の同時検出方法 |
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| WO2002016571A1 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2002-02-28 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Magnetic particles having lower limit critical solution temperature |
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| JPH11243953A (ja) | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-14 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | クリプトスポリジウム・パルバムを検出するためのプライマdna及びこれを用いるクリプトスポリジウム・パルバムの検出方法 |
| US7393698B2 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2008-07-01 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Magnetic fine particles and process for producing the same |
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2005
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| WO2002016571A1 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2002-02-28 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Magnetic particles having lower limit critical solution temperature |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| DENG M.Q.: "Immunomagnetic separation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts using MACS MicroBeads and high gradient separation columns", JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS, vol. 40, March 2000 (2000-03-01), pages 11 - 17, XP002998784 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012523576A (ja) * | 2009-04-13 | 2012-10-04 | ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ リーランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティ | 試料中の分析物の存在を検出するための方法および装置 |
| US9506919B2 (en) | 2009-04-13 | 2016-11-29 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Methods and devices for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample |
| US10101299B2 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2018-10-16 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Standford Junior University | Magnetic sensor based quantitative binding kinetics analysis |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9297799B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 |
| JP2006194635A (ja) | 2006-07-27 |
| JP4554375B2 (ja) | 2010-09-29 |
| US20080199884A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
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