WO2006073123A1 - ニッケル水素蓄電池およびその負極の製造方法 - Google Patents
ニッケル水素蓄電池およびその負極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006073123A1 WO2006073123A1 PCT/JP2005/024125 JP2005024125W WO2006073123A1 WO 2006073123 A1 WO2006073123 A1 WO 2006073123A1 JP 2005024125 W JP2005024125 W JP 2005024125W WO 2006073123 A1 WO2006073123 A1 WO 2006073123A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- nickel
- storage battery
- thin
- mixture layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 20
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018007 MmNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020632 Co Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DWTHJRGGAKKQPO-UHFFFAOYSA-L [OH-].[OH-].[Ni].[Ni++] Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni].[Ni++] DWTHJRGGAKKQPO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/34—Gastight accumulators
- H01M10/345—Gastight metal hydride accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
- H01M4/0435—Rolling or calendering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/242—Hydrogen storage electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/26—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/26—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/30—Pressing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nickel metal hydride storage battery, and more particularly to improvement of the insertion property of an electrode group into a bottomed cylindrical container by improving the negative electrode structure.
- Alkali storage batteries are widely used as power sources for portable devices as rechargeable batteries. Above all, nickel-hydrogen storage batteries using hydrogen storage alloys as the negative electrode active material are relatively clean even in the environment where energy density is high, and are being developed as the main power source for various portable devices.
- a bottomed cylindrical container that houses a group of electrodes composed of positive and negative electrodes is used as a negative electrode terminal, and a sealing plate is used as a positive electrode terminal in an insulated form.
- the positive electrode is integrated with the sealing plate via a lead to form a current collecting structure, whereas the negative electrode has a current collecting structure formed by its outermost peripheral portion being in contact with the side wall of the bottomed cylindrical container. Forming.
- the thickness of the negative electrode disposed on the outermost peripheral portion of the spiral electrode group consisting of the positive and negative electrodes and the separator is made thinner than the thickness of the other portions.
- a method has been proposed (for example, Japanese Patent No. 3056521).
- the alkaline storage battery that is also applied to the nickel-metal hydride storage battery comprises a strip-shaped negative electrode 101 and a strip-shaped positive electrode 102 wound in a spiral shape through a separator 103 to form an electrode group. It is configured to be housed in a container 104 of the above.
- the negative electrode 101 is disposed on the outermost peripheral portion of the electrode group.
- the outermost peripheral portion 105 of the negative electrode 101 is in contact with the container 104, and the thickness force of the outermost peripheral portion 105 of the negative electrode 101.
- the thickness of the portion 106 is smaller (specifically, 50% to 90%).
- the length L of the outermost peripheral portion 105 of the negative electrode 101 is substantially the same as the inner peripheral length of the container 104, and a boundary portion 107 is formed between the outermost peripheral portion 105 and the other portion 106.
- the outermost peripheral portion of the negative electrode described in the above publication generally has a negative electrode formed with a reduced thickness when the negative electrode mixture is applied onto the current collector or with the same thickness as other portions. It can be formed by scraping the mixture layer or increasing the packing density.
- the difference in thickness between the outermost peripheral portion of the negative electrode and other portions affects, so when the electrode group is formed by winding it in a spiral with the positive electrode through the separator, only the outermost peripheral portion is formed. It is said that the electrode group is separated from the electrode group without being spirally attached, and the outermost periphery of the negative electrode is caught when the electrode group is inserted into the bottomed cylindrical container, resulting in poor insertion. There was a problem.
- this problem is caused by making the mixture layer on the outer side of the outermost periphery of the negative electrode (inner wall side of the bottomed cylindrical container) thinner than the inner side (center side of the electrode group), It was noticeable when placed in In other words, the coatings with different thicknesses on the front and back of the core material have the property of causing stress distortion due to rolling and curling so that the thin side becomes the inside, and the negative electrode is the winding direction at the outermost periphery of the electrode group This is because it curls in the opposite direction.
- the present invention solves the above problem, and when a spiral electrode group is configured, the negative electrode outermost peripheral portion is prevented from being separated from the electrode group, and can be inserted into a bottomed cylindrical container.
- the purpose is to improve.
- the nickel-metal hydride storage battery according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a strip-shaped negative electrode in which a mixture layer having a hydrogen storage alloy force is disposed on a core, and a strip-shaped positive electrode.
- a nickel hydride storage battery that is wound in a spiral shape through a separator to form an electrode group, and the electrode group is housed in a bottomed cylindrical container, the outermost peripheral portion of the electrode group being The negative electrode is disposed, and the negative electrode has a thin portion where the thickness of the mixture layer is smaller than other portions at a position corresponding to the outermost peripheral portion of the electrode group, The thin-walled portion is curved in an arc shape by force in the winding direction of the spiral electrode group.
- the thin portion has different thicknesses on the front and back of the core material, and the surface of the thin portion where the thickness of the mixture layer is small is the bottomed cylindrical container. It is preferable to make a configuration in contact with the inner wall.
- a strip-shaped negative electrode in which a mixture layer that also has a hydrogen storage alloy force is disposed on a core material, and a strip-shaped positive electrode are wound in a spiral shape via a separator to form an electrode group.
- a method for manufacturing a nickel metal hydride storage battery used in a nickel metal hydride storage battery in which this electrode group is housed in a bottomed cylindrical container a mixture base containing a hydrogen storage alloy is applied to the core material and dried.
- a first step of producing a negative electrode hoop having a mixture layer on both sides a second step of pressing and cutting the negative electrode hoop to obtain a strip-shaped negative electrode, and a long side of the strip-shaped negative electrode
- a part of the mixture layer is peeled off only on one side thereof to form a thin part, and the thin part is passed through a gap between a hard roller and a soft roller, and the surface of the mixture layer having a small thickness
- the method for producing a negative electrode for a nickel metal hydride storage battery according to claim 6 of the present invention includes a mixture layer made of a hydrogen storage alloy as a core material.
- a mixture paste containing a hydrogen storage alloy is applied to the core material and dried to have a mixture layer on both sides, and a thin layer portion with a small mixture layer thickness on a part of it.
- a first step for producing a negative electrode hoop for forming a thin film a second step for pressurizing and cutting the negative electrode hoop to obtain a strip-shaped negative electrode, and a thin roller portion with a hard roller, a soft roller, and a roller. Circle so that the surface with the small thickness of the mixture layer is on the outside through the gap It is made of a third step of curved Jo.
- a metal roller is used as a hard roller, a soft roller is used, and a rubber roller having a metal shaft core covered with rubber is used as a roller. It is preferable to have a drive unit that rotates.
- a nickel-metal hydride storage battery according to claim 10 of the present invention.
- An electrode group is formed by winding a strip-shaped negative electrode having a mixture layer of hydrogen storage alloy power on a core material and a strip-shaped positive electrode in a spiral shape through a separator.
- the mixture layer has a thin part having a smaller thickness and a higher packing density than the normal part, the thickness of the thin part being A, and the thickness direction in the longitudinal section of the thin part and the normal part, respectively.
- BZA is 0.15 or less, where B is the centerline deviation interval.
- the BZA should be 0.15 or less.
- the force is preferably 0.1 or less.
- the negative-electrode production method for a -Neckel hydrogen storage battery comprises A negative electrode manufacturing method for manufacturing a negative electrode hoop by applying a negative electrode mixture layer on both surfaces of a core material made of a two-dimensional porous body, and first rolling the negative electrode hoop uniformly. 2 and a third step of the negative electrode hoop in which only the portion corresponding to the outermost peripheral portion of the electrode group is rolled again to form a thin portion in which the thickness of the mixture layer is smaller than that of the normal portion.
- BZA is 0.15 or less, where A is the thickness of the thin-walled portion and B is the gap between the center lines in the thickness direction at the longitudinal cross-section between the thin-walled portion and the normal portion. A thin part is formed.
- the curl degree is reduced by making the respective center lines in the thickness direction in the cross section in the longitudinal direction close to each other and almost symmetrical in the thin-walled portion and the normal portion of the negative electrode. Poor insertion into the cylindrical container is greatly reduced.
- the power according to claim 15 of the present invention which is a more specific aspect of the first step in the method for producing a negative electrode for a nickel-metal hydride storage battery according to claim 13, In step 1, a paste-like negative electrode mixture is applied to both surfaces of a core material made of a two-dimensional porous body, and a negative electrode mixture corresponding to a normal part having a large film thickness and a thin part having a small film thickness.
- the hoop-shaped core material is passed through a mixture applicator having a slit for determining the thickness of the layer and a comb-shaped center guide protrusion for determining the position in the thickness direction of the core material on both surfaces of the slit.
- the negative electrode hoop is prepared by applying the negative electrode mixture to the core material and then drying the mixture.
- the height of the step on the coating surface between the formation portion of the normal portion and the formation portion of the thin portion of the slit is X, Of the gaps between the two sides of the slit, the wider one is Tl, the narrower one is ⁇ 2, and the negative electrode thickness after coating and drying is tl, and the thinner one is t2, and the thinner one is t2.
- each of the inner peripheral portion and the outermost peripheral portion has a desired thickness.
- a negative electrode for a nickel-metal hydride storage battery can be obtained.
- it is no longer necessary to scrape off the negative electrode mixture after forming the electrode solving problems such as material cost loss, work environment deterioration due to dust, micro short-circuit due to dust adhesion, ignition of hydrogen storage alloy of negative electrode mixture due to frictional heat, etc. It is possible to decide.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a negative electrode bending apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the negative electrode bending apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the electrode group of the nickel metal hydride storage battery of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of the negative electrode of the nickel-metal hydride storage battery of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a method for producing the negative electrode of the nickel metal hydride storage battery of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the battery electrode manufacturing apparatus used in the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 6, showing the inside of the hopper.
- FIG. 8 is a reference cross-sectional view of the inside of the hopper along the line BB in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the inside of the hopper along the line BB in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the negative electrode applied by the slit of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional nickel-metal hydride storage battery.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a conventional negative electrode for nickel metal hydride storage battery.
- the outermost peripheral portion of the negative electrode in contact with the side wall of the bottomed cylindrical container is connected to the spiral electrode group. It is characterized by being previously curved in an arc shape in the winding direction.
- the spiral electrode group is formed by curving the outermost periphery of the negative electrode in the winding direction of the spiral electrode group to form a spiral electrode group, the outermost periphery of the negative electrode is separated from the electrode group. Therefore, the insertion property of the electrode group into the bottomed cylindrical container is improved, and the insertion failure is reduced.
- the outermost peripheral portion of the negative electrode is preferably a thin portion having a mixture layer thickness smaller than that of the other portions.
- the mixture layer thickness of the surface facing the inner wall of the cylindrical container (that is, not facing the positive electrode !, surface) is smaller than that of the opposite surface (that is, the surface facing the positive electrode), which is the reaction with the positive electrode This is desirable when considering balance.
- the surface of the thin-walled portion with a small thickness of the mixture layer is on the outside, and the spiral electrode group is bent in the winding direction to be curved in an arc shape.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the negative electrode bending apparatus of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view thereof.
- the outermost peripheral part 5 of the negative electrode 4 is connected to the metal roller 1 as a hard roller and the soft roller.
- a rubber roller 2 with a metal shaft core covered with rubber is passed through the gap between the devices arranged in pressure contact, and then bent into a circular arc.
- the drive unit 3 has a function of reversibly rotating as indicated by an arrow in FIG. In other words, the drive unit 3 is required to have the above-described function so that only the outermost peripheral part 5 of the negative electrode is brazed with this apparatus and the other parts of the negative electrode 4 are not curved.
- the brazing process described above is performed at the final stage of the production of the negative electrode. Specifically, when the thickness of the mixture layer at the outermost periphery of the negative electrode is the same as that of other portions, a mixture paste containing a hydrogen storage alloy is applied to the core material and dried to have a mixture layer on both sides of the core material After the first step for producing the negative electrode hoop and the second step for pressurizing and cutting the negative electrode hoop to obtain a strip-like negative electrode, the brazing step described above is performed as the third step. In addition, when the outermost peripheral part of the negative electrode is a thin part, two method forces can be selected.
- the first is a first step of applying a negative electrode hoop having a mixture layer on both sides by applying and drying a mixture paste containing a hydrogen storage alloy to the core material, and pressing and cutting the negative electrode hoop.
- a negative electrode hoop having a mixture layer on both sides by applying and drying a mixture paste containing a hydrogen storage alloy to the core material, and pressing and cutting the negative electrode hoop.
- This is a method of performing the brazing process described above as the fourth process.
- the second type is a negative electrode hoop in which a mixture paste containing a hydrogen storage alloy is applied to the core material and dried to form a thin part with a small mixture layer thickness on one part of the mixture layer on both sides.
- the brazing step described above is performed as the third step.
- a negative electrode capable of exhibiting the effects of the present invention can be realized.
- the negative electrode uses a hydrogen storage alloy as an active material, and a conductive agent such as carbon black, a thickener such as carboxymethylcellulose (hereinafter abbreviated as CMC) as necessary, and a styrene-butadiene copolymer.
- a binder such as a polymer (hereinafter abbreviated as SBR) is made into a paste, coated or filled into a core material such as punching metal, and then dried, rolled and cut. .
- the positive electrode uses nickel hydroxide nickel as an active material, and a conductive agent such as cobalt hydroxide or metallic cobalt powder, and a thickener such as CMC or polytetrafluoroethylene as necessary.
- a conductive agent such as cobalt hydroxide or metallic cobalt powder
- a thickener such as CMC or polytetrafluoroethylene as necessary.
- An appropriate amount of binder is added to form a paste, which is applied or filled into a core material such as a three-dimensional porous nickel foam, and then dried, rolled and cut.
- an olefin-based non-woven fabric such as polypropylene can be used. Further, if necessary, the nonwoven fabric can be subjected to hydrophilic treatment such as sulfone.
- an aqueous solution in which the ratio of KOH, NaOH, and LiOH is appropriately adjusted can be used.
- the bottomed cylindrical container may be made of iron or stainless steel, and appropriately subjected to squeeze-necking or the like for protection.
- MmNi Co Al Mn Uses a hydrogen storage alloy that also has strength, and grinds 3 to 50 m with a pulverizer.
- the outermost peripheral part of the negative electrode is a metal roller having a diameter of 15 mm and a rubber roller having a diameter of 60 mm.
- a separator that also has a polypropylene non-woven fabric force obtained by sulfonating a positive electrode mainly composed of nickel hydroxide so that the bending direction and winding direction of the outermost peripheral portion of the negative electrode are aligned.
- a spiral electrode group with a diameter of 15 mm was fabricated by winding in a spiral shape with alternating layers. This electrode group was inserted into a bottomed cylindrical container in which iron was plated like the conventional example shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, and a nickel metal hydride storage battery was produced. This is the battery of Example 1.
- Example 2 For the battery of Example 1, before curving the outermost peripheral part of the negative electrode, only one side of the outermost peripheral part was peeled off part of the mixture layer to form a thin part, and the one with the thicker mixture layer thickness was made of metal.
- a nickel-metal hydride storage battery similar to that of Example 1 was produced except that the surface of the mixture layer having a small thickness was curved so as to be on the outside by being pressed onto a roller. This is the battery of Example 2.
- a nickel-metal hydride storage battery similar to that of Example 2 was prepared, except that the outermost peripheral portion of the negative electrode was curved in an arc shape using a metal roller having a diameter of 23 mm with respect to the battery of Example 2. This is the battery of Example 4.
- a nickel-metal hydride storage battery similar to that of Example 2 was prepared, except that the outermost peripheral portion of the negative electrode was curved in an arc shape using a metal roller having a diameter of 60 mm with respect to the battery of Example 2. This is referred to as the battery of Example 5.
- a nickel-metal hydride storage battery similar to that of Example 1 was prepared except that the entire surface of the negative electrode was curved in an arc shape with respect to the battery of Example 1. This is the battery of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 2 A nickel-metal hydride storage battery similar to that of Example 2 was prepared, except that the entire surface of the negative electrode was curved in an arc shape with respect to the battery of Example 2. This is the battery of Comparative Example 2.
- a nickel-metal hydride storage battery similar to that of Example 1 was produced, except that the battery of Example 1 was forced to bend the outermost periphery of the negative electrode into an arc. This is referred to as the battery of Comparative Example 3.
- a nickel-metal hydride storage battery similar to that of Example 2 was produced, except that the battery of Example 2 was forced to bend the outermost periphery of the negative electrode into an arc. This is the battery of Comparative Example 4.
- Example 4 in which the diameter of the metal roller was larger than the diameter of the electrode group, the number of defective insertions was slightly higher than in Example 2. The reason for this is considered to be that the effect of the present invention was insufficient because the degree of curvature of the outermost peripheral portion of the negative electrode was insufficient. Similarly, the diameter of the metal roller is larger than the diameter of the rubber roller. In Example 5, this tendency is remarkable! / From the above results, in the negative electrode bending device for nickel metal hydride storage batteries that bends the outermost periphery of the negative electrode, it is preferable that the diameter of the metal roller is smaller than that of the rubber roller. More preferably, it is smaller than the diameter.
- FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the electrode group of the nickel metal hydride storage battery of the second embodiment.
- the positive electrode 13 and the normal portion 12 of the negative electrode are spirally wound so as to be alternately arranged with the separator 14 interposed between them, and the thin-walled portion of the negative electrode having a thickness smaller than that of the normal portion 12 is provided at the outermost peripheral portion. 11 is placed.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part showing the vicinity of the boundary between the thin portion 11 and the normal portion 12 of the negative electrode of the nickel-metal hydride storage battery.
- the thickness of the thin portion 11 is A and the thickness of the normal portion 12 is C
- the thickness A of the thin portion 11 and the thickness C of the normal portion 12 are
- the gap B of the center line in the thickness direction is derived. Stress strain due to rolling is achieved by bringing the center line in the thickness direction in the longitudinal section of the thin-walled part 11 close to the center line in the thickness direction in the longitudinal section of the normal part 2 and setting BZA to 0.15 or less.
- BZA increases in proportion to the difference in the thickness of the mixture layer applied to the front and back of the core material. When this ratio exceeds 0.15, the degree of curling becomes remarkable, so that it is not possible to solve the poor insertion that is a problem of the present invention.
- XZY is in the range of 1.03 to L15 It is preferable that When XZY is less than 1.03, the thickness of the thin portion 11 is substantially the same as the thickness of the normal portion 12, so that it is difficult to achieve the high capacity design aimed by the present invention. On the other hand, when XZY exceeds 1.15, the filling density of the thin portion 11 becomes excessive, and the oxygen gas absorption capacity at the time of overcharging performed at the negative electrode is lowered, so that the battery internal pressure slightly increases.
- a first step for producing a negative electrode hoop by applying a negative electrode mixture layer on both surfaces of a core material having a two-dimensional porous force a second step for uniformly rolling the negative electrode hoop, and a negative electrode
- the hoop is a manufacturing method having a third step in which only the portion corresponding to the outermost peripheral portion of the electrode group is rolled again.
- Figure 5 shows a specific example. After the negative electrode hoop 17 produced through the first step is uniformly rolled with a pair of rolling rollers 15, only a specific portion is rolled again with a pair of step rollers 16 having a step. By cutting this negative electrode hoop 17 in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, a negative electrode having a thin portion 11 corresponding to the outermost peripheral portion of the electrode group and a normal portion 12 other than that is continuously produced. can do.
- the productivity is reduced with respect to the above-described method, after passing through the rolling roller 15, the negative electrode hoop 17 is cut into a desired size to obtain a negative electrode precursor, and a part of the negative electrode precursor is obtained.
- a method of forming the thin portion 11 by flat plate pressing can also be mentioned.
- the portion corresponding to the outermost peripheral portion of the electrode group is scraped off so that the thickness is smaller than other portions. Therefore, compared with the case where the coating thickness is uniform throughout, the thin portion 1 can be formed without difficulty.
- the negative electrode hoop 17 uses a hydrogen storage alloy as an active material, a conductive agent such as carbon black, a thickener such as carboxymethylcellulose (hereinafter abbreviated as CMC) as necessary, and a styrene-butadiene copolymer.
- a binder such as coalescence (hereinafter abbreviated as “SBR”) is applied to form a paste, which is then applied to a core material having a two-dimensional porous strength such as punching metal.
- the positive electrode uses nickel hydroxide and nickel as an active material. Apply a suitable amount of a conductive agent such as powder and a thickener such as CMC or a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene into a paste, and apply this to a core material such as a three-dimensional foamed nickel porous body. After filling, it is made by dry 'rolling' cutting.
- a conductive agent such as powder and a thickener such as CMC or a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene
- CMC thickener
- a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene
- an olefin-based non-woven fabric such as polypropylene can be used. Further, if necessary, the nonwoven fabric can be subjected to hydrophilic treatment such as sulfone.
- an aqueous solution in which the ratio of KOH, NaOH, and LiOH is appropriately adjusted can be used.
- the bottomed cylindrical container may be made of iron or stainless steel, and appropriately subjected to squeeze-necking or the like for protection.
- MmNi Co Al Mn Uses a hydrogen storage alloy that also has strength, and grinds 3 to 50 m with a pulverizer.
- the filling density of the hydrogen storage alloy was adjusted to 5.4 gZml (overall thickness 0.46 mm). Thereafter, only the portion corresponding to the thin-walled portion 1 was further rolled at the convex portion of the step roller 16, whereby the filling density of the hydrogen storage alloy at this portion was adjusted to 5.9 gZml (thickness 0.40 mm).
- the ratio BZA between the thickness A of the thin-walled portion and the gap B of the center line in the thickness direction in the longitudinal section of the thin-walled portion 1 and the normal portion 2 was 0.03.
- the negative electrode obtained by rolling the negative electrode hoop 17 after being rolled by the step roller 16 perpendicularly to the rolling direction is used as the negative electrode of Example 6.
- the mixture on one side of the portion corresponding to the thin part 11 is scraped to 80 to 60% by weight with respect to the mixture on the other side, thereby reducing the thickness of the thin part 11.
- the thickness is 0.38 mm and 0.34 mm, respectively.
- a negative electrode similar to that of Example 6 was obtained except that the ratio BZA with the gap B of the center line in the thickness direction on the surface was set to 0.06 and 0.15. These are the negative electrodes of Examples 7-8.
- XZY 1.02, 1.04, 1. 15. 1.17.
- Example 6 For the negative electrode of Example 6, the mixture on one side of the portion corresponding to the thin portion 11 was not scraped, the thickness of the thin portion 11 was 0.42 mm, the thickness A of the thin portion, the thin portion 11 and the normal portion A negative electrode similar to that of Example 6 was obtained except that the ratio BZA to the gap distance B of the center line in the thickness direction in the cross section in the longitudinal direction with respect to 12 was 0. This is the negative electrode of Example 13.
- Example 6 For the negative electrode of Example 6, the mixture on one side of the portion corresponding to the thin part 11 is scraped off to 40% by weight with respect to the mixture on the other side, so that the thickness of the thin part 11 is 0.30 mm.
- Example 6 except that the ratio BZA of the thickness A of the thin-walled portion to the gap B of the center line in the thickness direction in the longitudinal section of the thin-walled portion 11 and the normal portion 12 was set to 0.2. A negative electrode similar to was obtained. These are the negative electrodes of Comparative Example 5.
- a negative electrode similar to that of Example 6 was produced, except that the thin-walled portion 11 was not subjected to further pressing with respect to the negative electrode of Example 6. This is the negative electrode of Comparative Example 6.
- the obtained negative electrodes of Examples and Comparative Examples were spirally formed through a strip-shaped positive electrode 3 in which three-dimensional nickel porous material was filled with nickel hydroxide and a polypropylene separator 4 subjected to sulfone treatment.
- the electrode group was fabricated so that the diameter was 17.2 mm when the negative electrode of Example 6 was used.
- This electrode group was inserted into a bottomed cylindrical container having an inner diameter of 17.8 mm and iron-plated with nickel plating, and then evaluated as follows. The results are shown in (Table 2).
- the third embodiment is related to the first step of producing the negative electrode hoop of the second embodiment, and the other configuration is the same as that of the second embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the negative electrode hoop was manufactured using a manufacturing apparatus as shown in Figs. Details are shown below.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the apparatus
- FIG. 7 is an AA enlarged sectional view of FIG. 6 of a hopper (mixture coating apparatus)
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.
- 21 is a sheet metal roll
- 2 is a hoop-like sheet metal (a core material having a two-dimensional porous force)
- 23 is a hopper having an opening upward
- the depth width is the width of the sheet metal 22 It corresponds to the direction dimension.
- a rotary center guide roll 24 that sandwiches a thin metal plate 22 is provided inside the hopper 23 and immediately below the hopper outlet.
- 25 is the paste stored in the hopper (paste-like negative electrode mixture)
- 26 is the paste application amount adjustment slit provided below the straight part 31 of the hopper 23
- 27 is the paste application sheet (negative electrode composite) that has passed through the hopper 23
- 28 is a tunnel drying furnace for drying the coating paste
- 29 is a finished roll on which the dried coating sheet 27 is wound.
- the tapered portion 32 in the hopper 23 is provided with a center guide protrusion 33 that is opposed to the metal thin plate 22 having the shape shown in FIG.
- a pair of seal structures 34 are provided in parallel with the center guide protrusions 33 to prevent leakage of the active material paste in the width direction for the purpose of improving the yield of active materials and securing welds. Being! /
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an improved coating slit prepared to solve the above-mentioned problem
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the electrode applied by this slit and after drying.
- the height of the step of the slit is X
- the wider one is T1 and the narrower one is T2, and the electrode thickness after coating and drying is tl, and the thinner one is t2, and the thin one is t2.
- the powder was pulverized in water to an average particle size of 30 m using a wet ball mill to obtain an alloy powder.
- This alloy powder was mixed with water as a dispersion medium using Ketjen Black as a conductive agent, CMC (carboxymethylcellulose) as a thickener, and SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) as a binder, to prepare an active material paste. .
- This electrode mixture paste was applied to a thin metal plate using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 7 and 9 and dried.
- As the metal thin plate an iron punching metal plated with nickel with a thickness of 60 / zm and a punching hole diameter of 1 mm and a hole area ratio of 42% was used. It was determined in advance that the shrinkage rate was 50% when the coating speed was 2 cmZ seconds and the viscosity of the electrode mixture base was lOOOOcps.
- the target electrode thickness after rolling and veneering is 0.46 mm for the inner circumference and 0.26 mm for the outermost circumference.
- the target electrode thickness after coating and drying is 0.86 mm for the inner periphery and 0.46 mm for the outermost periphery. Since the shrinkage ratio of the electrode mixture paste determined in advance is 50%, the slit spacing is 1.66 mm at the inner periphery and 0.86 mm at the outermost periphery. That is, the level difference of the convex part is 0.8 mm. As described above, the shape of the coating slit was changed as follows. The width of the coating slit is 200mm, 70m from the end of the slit A level difference between m and 150 mm is provided, and the size of the level difference is set to 0.8 mm.
- the coating was performed so that the slit spacing at both ends was 1.6 mm.
- the hoop is cut to a length of 35 mm in length, rolled in a roll press with a direction that is perpendicular to the flow direction of the coating, and then in the width direction of the slit.
- a hydrogen storage alloy negative electrode negative electrode for nickel metal hydride storage battery having an inner peripheral part length of 60 mm and an outermost peripheral part length of 40 mm was prepared. This is the negative electrode of Example 14.
- a hydrogen storage alloy negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the slit step was changed to 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, 1. Omm, and 1.2 mm. This is the negative electrode of Examples 15-18.
- 500 negative electrodes were prepared for each of the examples and comparative examples, 30 of them were selected, and the average value was calculated by measuring the thicknesses of the inner and outermost peripheral parts.
- a battery group was composed of the 500 negative electrodes created above, the corresponding positive electrode and separator, and the micro short-circuit defect rate was calculated.
- the amount of atmospheric dust in the workplace was measured.
- a general dust amount measuring device was used. In other words, a certain amount of air is sucked with a pump and the concentration of nickel in the foreign matter adhering to the filter is measured to store hydrogen. Specified the amount of gold. Since this process does not exist in the process of the example, the amount of dust in the atmosphere at the work place of the veneer cutting process was measured for comparison.
- Example 15 16 is slightly higher because the outermost peripheral part is thicker than the target, so that the group diameter exceeds the inner diameter of the case. The cause is thought to be dust when the agent is shaved. In the life test, the number of cycles in Examples 14 15 16 was the longest and the same.
- the number of cycles in Comparative Example 7 is the shortest because there was a sample whose capacity deteriorated rapidly due to a micro short circuit caused by dust during the life test. From these, it is clear that the quality of the battery is greatly improved by adding a step to the slit and eliminating the file polishing process, and in particular, the quality is further improved by making the step considering the shrinkage rate. Became.
- Example 14 the dust amount in the file polishing process workplace of Comparative Example 7 was significantly increased as compared with the single plate processing process.
- 43 pieces of hydrogen storage alloy in the electrode mixture were ignited by frictional heat during this work. In other words, it became clear that the environment and safety of the workplace were greatly improved by eliminating the file polishing process.
- the electrode group insertion failure of the high capacity type nickel metal hydride storage battery can be greatly reduced, and the productivity of the battery type can be greatly improved, so that its applicability and ripple effect are extremely large.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2006550858A JP5096745B2 (ja) | 2005-01-06 | 2005-12-28 | ニッケル水素蓄電池用負極の製造方法 |
US11/794,867 US8475958B2 (en) | 2005-01-06 | 2005-12-28 | Nickel hydrogen storage battery and method for manufacturing negative electrode thereof |
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JP2005-001206 | 2005-01-06 | ||
JP2005001206 | 2005-01-06 | ||
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US (1) | US8475958B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5096745B2 (ja) |
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JP5127119B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-25 | 2013-01-23 | パナソニック株式会社 | 電極合剤ペースト塗布方法及び塗布装置 |
US8163334B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2012-04-24 | Panasonic Corporation | Method and apparatus for applying electrode mixture paste |
US20110129710A1 (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-06-02 | Tdk Corporation | Wound electrochemical device and manufacturing method thereof |
CN102744902B (zh) * | 2012-05-07 | 2015-01-21 | 罗凯 | 软硬滚连续循环弯曲方法及设备 |
CN110148790A (zh) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-08-20 | 东莞市佳的自动化设备科技有限公司 | 极片贴胶机构及其贴胶辊 |
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JPS5166727A (ja) | 1974-12-06 | 1976-06-09 | Tokyo Electric Power Co | Bunkatsugatakoiru |
JPS53160720U (ja) * | 1977-05-24 | 1978-12-16 | ||
JPS5920565U (ja) * | 1982-07-30 | 1984-02-08 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 渦巻形電池 |
US4929519A (en) | 1989-07-20 | 1990-05-29 | Gates Energy Products, Inc. | Wound electrode assembly for an electrochemical cell |
JP2643463B2 (ja) * | 1989-07-25 | 1997-08-20 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | フレークライニング組成物 |
JP3196607B2 (ja) | 1995-10-31 | 2001-08-06 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 密閉型電池用防爆封口板 |
JP3695978B2 (ja) * | 1999-03-16 | 2005-09-14 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 渦巻状電極体を備えたアルカリ蓄電池 |
JP2004063325A (ja) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-26 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 円筒型蓄電池 |
JP2005056675A (ja) | 2003-08-04 | 2005-03-03 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 円筒型アルカリ蓄電池 |
JP4179943B2 (ja) | 2003-08-04 | 2008-11-12 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 円筒型アルカリ蓄電池 |
-
2005
- 2005-12-28 WO PCT/JP2005/024125 patent/WO2006073123A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-12-28 JP JP2006550858A patent/JP5096745B2/ja active Active
- 2005-12-28 US US11/794,867 patent/US8475958B2/en active Active
- 2005-12-28 KR KR1020077013936A patent/KR20070093065A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
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JPS5166727U (ja) * | 1974-11-21 | 1976-05-26 | ||
JPH03274676A (ja) * | 1990-03-23 | 1991-12-05 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | ニッケル―水素電池 |
JPH04206345A (ja) * | 1990-11-30 | 1992-07-28 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 二次電池 |
JP3056521B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-30 | 2000-06-26 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池 |
JPH05283069A (ja) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-29 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | 渦巻電極体 |
JPH0620718A (ja) * | 1992-07-01 | 1994-01-28 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 筒形水素化物二次電池 |
JP2004303484A (ja) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-28 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 密閉型蓄電池 |
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US20080261105A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
JP5096745B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
KR20070093065A (ko) | 2007-09-17 |
US8475958B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 |
JPWO2006073123A1 (ja) | 2008-06-12 |
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