WO2006072404A1 - Dispositif a broches et procede pour influencer les oscillations et les deviations desdites broches - Google Patents

Dispositif a broches et procede pour influencer les oscillations et les deviations desdites broches Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006072404A1
WO2006072404A1 PCT/EP2005/013904 EP2005013904W WO2006072404A1 WO 2006072404 A1 WO2006072404 A1 WO 2006072404A1 EP 2005013904 W EP2005013904 W EP 2005013904W WO 2006072404 A1 WO2006072404 A1 WO 2006072404A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spindle
bearing
shaft
active
spindle shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/013904
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Klaffert
Lukas Betschon
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Starrag Heckert Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Starrag Heckert Ag filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Publication of WO2006072404A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006072404A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/18—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using electric, magnetic or electromagnetic means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spindle device and a method for influencing spindle oscillations and deflections.
  • the present invention relates to a spindle device for machine tools with a spindle shaft for transmitting a rotary drive movement of a coaxial with the spindle shaft arranged drive motor, wherein the spindle shaft is mounted with at least one radial bearing.
  • spindle devices for machine tools for machining
  • the tool or the workpiece on the same (spindle) shaft is attached to the also intended to generate the drive movement (electric) motor attacks.
  • this motor is designed as an electric motor, wherein the rotor of the electric motor directly on the (spindle) shaft, but at least coaxial with this, is arranged.
  • Such spindle devices are used especially for very fast rotating spindles, as they are particularly required for machining at high speeds.
  • the present object is achieved by a spindle device for machine tools, motors or the like, with a spindle shaft, a spindle bearing device and an independent of the spindle bearing device, active device for preventing or reducing spindle vibrations and - deflections.
  • the present spindle device has a spindle bearing, in particular via conventional bearings with good static and dynamic bearing properties on.
  • a spindle bearing in particular via conventional bearings with good static and dynamic bearing properties on.
  • an active means for influencing spindle oscillations and spindle deflections provided.
  • this independent active device for influencing spindle oscillations and deflections additional forces can be generated and transmitted to the spindle shaft are applied, which act as a radial biasing force on the spindle shaft.
  • the device for influencing spindle oscillations and deflections can also be arranged in such a way as to influence the dynamic properties of the spindle shaft, in particular the rigidity properties of the spindle shaft.
  • the spindle device according to the invention on the (conventional) storage is statically strong.
  • the high dynamic load capacity results from the active compensation of the oscillations or via the active change of the dynamic properties of the spindle.
  • This object is achieved by methods for influencing oscillations and deflections of a spindle device for machine tools, motors or the like, with a spindle shaft and a spindle bearing device, occurring vibrations and deflections are measured and generated with a magnetic device on magnetic fields returning forces, with which reduces a magnitude of the vibration amplitudes of the spindle shaft and / or dynamic properties of the spindle shaft can be influenced.
  • the target values to be optimized can be specified in terms of technology.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a first embodiment of a spindle device
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of a spindle device of a machine tool with optimized stiffness properties.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the present spindle device 1, as may be provided for example for a machine tool, with the milling operations are executable.
  • the spindle device 1 has a housing 11, wherein the spindle device 1 can in principle be releasably secured in a conventional manner via a (not shown) flange of the housing 11 to a receptacle of the machine tool.
  • Supplies of signal lines as well as electrical and hydraulic supply lines for the spindle device 1 can be provided in the region of this receptacle of the spindle shaft in the machine tool.
  • a tool receiving device is arranged in FIG.
  • a spindle shaft 12 is arranged, which is mounted according to this embodiment, a total of 3 bearing assemblies 13, 14, 15 in the housing 11.
  • the bearing assemblies 13, 14, 15 are in the present case as RadialicalzSystemlager, here as a commercially available ball bearings, formed.
  • the present spindle device is not limited thereto. Rather, two or more bearings per geran ever be provided. Also, the present spindle device is not limited to the use of ball bearings.
  • a rotor 17 of an electric motor is rotatably disposed on the spindle shaft, a rotor 17 of an electric motor.
  • the associated stator 18 of the electric motor is fixed to the housing 11 and surrounds the rotor 17th
  • a magnetic device for active avoidance or reduction of spindle vibrations is arranged between the middle ball bearing 14 and the tool-side ball bearing 13 (which is arranged on the left in FIG. 1) .
  • This is formed in the present embodiment of FIG. 1 as a damping device 16.
  • the magnetic damping device 16 has in this embodiment, a plurality of evenly distributed around the circumference electromagnets 16a, 16b, etc., with each of which variable magnetic fields can be generated by size and direction. With the magnetic damping device 16 spindle oscillations can be influenced.
  • each of the electromagnets 16a, 16b, etc. separated and independently of the other electromagnets of a (not shown in detail) control can be controlled. This makes it possible that each of the electromagnets 16a, 16b, etc. generates its own magnetic field, which is tuned to a (non-circular) run of the spindle shaft.
  • vibrations occurring on the spindle shaft are measured according to vibration amplitude and direction of vibration.
  • Corresponding compensation forces and the magnetic fields necessary for this are determined in the control, which are "applied" to the spindle shaft via the magnetic damping device.
  • the present control and the sensors are advantageously integrated in the spindle housing or arranged directly on the spindle housing. However, at least the controller can also be arranged separately from the spindle device and connected to this via signal lines.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 2 has a fundamentally comparable structure to the embodiment of FIG. 1, whereby, however, in the embodiment of FIG. 2 mainly the dynamic properties of the spindle shaft can be influenced.
  • the damping function of the magnetic device is in the embodiment of FIG. 2 of not so high importance.
  • a substantially cylindrical housing 21 in which a spindle shaft 22 is rotatably supported in the housing via a tool-side bearing 23 and a rear bearing 24. Between the tool-side bearing 23 and the rear bearing 24, the rotor 27 of the electric motor is rotatably arranged on the spindle shaft.
  • the stator 28 of the 'rotor is fixed to the housing 21 and surrounds the rotor 27th
  • the present device for actively influencing spindle oscillations and deflections is integrated according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 in the electric motor. Due to the different arrangement of the (magnetic) means for influencing spindle oscillations, an optimization of the dynamic properties of the spindle shaft is made possible.
  • the active device for influencing spindle oscillations and deflections again comprises (electric) magnets 26, which are arranged on the housing 21 of the spindle device 2.
  • This (electric) magnet 26 a variable magnetic field is superimposed on the magnetic field of the electric motor.
  • the device for influencing spindle oscillations and deflections 26 is between the front bearing 23 and the rear bearing 24, viewed along the longitudinal axis of the spindle shaft, arranged and carried out three-phase (whereby an advantageous integration in the drive motor is made possible).
  • the rear spindle bearing 24 is passively damped, for example via the above-described hydraulic damping bushing 25, which is arranged adjacent to the rear bearing.
  • the bearings can each be designed as individual bearings or as associated bearing groups.
  • a spindle device with a magnetic device with the use of at least one magnetic field spindle vibrations are damped (embodiment of FIG. 1) or with the formation of the vibration is prevented by magnetically controlled influencing the spindle shaft characteristics (embodiment according to Fig. 2).
  • the spindle device can be used in particular in machine tools.
  • the present spindle device is mounted in the housing via roller bearings (or hydrostatic or hydrodynamic bearings), whereby good static bearing properties are achieved.
  • a magnetic force based device is provided to achieve the desired dynamic bearing characteristics of the spindle shaft.
  • the magnetic device for influencing spindle vibrations can also have variable stiffness properties, whereby separate mechanical or hydraulic passive damping device (damping bushings) can be used.
  • this magnetic device Unlike in known magnetic bearings has this magnetic device according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 only subordinate support functions, or according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 continuously variable support functions to negative stiffness values.
  • the importance of the magnetic device is In contrast, in the generation of (magnetic) forces that dampen oscillations of the spindle shaft or prevent their formation by changes in the dynamic spindle properties. The latter is particularly possible if the magnetic device according to FIG. 2 has negative rigidity in combination with an additional damper.
  • the magnetic device may preferably have a plurality of electromagnets arranged on the circumference of the spindle shaft. These electromagnets are advantageously evenly distributed along a circumferential line of the spindle shaft. Similarly, the magnetic device can be made three-phase, whereby an integration in the electric drive motor is made possible in a simple manner.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment has a control of the size and direction of the magnetic forces applied by the magnetic means.
  • a regulation also has measuring devices for detecting the size and local position of the amplitudes of the oscillations.
  • a control comprises the application of compensating forces adapted to the measurements with which a reduction of the deflection of the spindle shaft can be achieved.
  • the result of the compensation can also be measured in the manner of an endless loop and correspondingly adjusted compensating forces can be applied for damping, until a maximum amplitude of the oscillation falls below a predetermined limit value (or does not exceed it).
  • the present invention also provides the possibility of process monitoring without the need for further physical facilities to obtain information about the process.
  • the reason for this is that on the basis of the measured vibrations conclusions can be drawn on the process, for example on the state of wear of the tool.
  • a particularly good damping of occurring deflections of the spindle shaft can be achieved by an arrangement in which the magnetic damper device is arranged between two radial rolling bearings (FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 2 When combining a superimposed stiffness control (FIG. 2) and a further passive damping device 25, optimally adapted spindle properties for different technological requirements can be generated for a large speed range.
  • the present spindle device can be used both in HSC and in standard machining methods, in particular milling methods, and has marked productivity gains.
  • a spindle device with a spindle shaft for transmitting a rotary drive movement of a coaxial with the spindle shaft arranged drive motor in which the spindle shaft is provided at least with a spindle bearing (advantageously radial roller bearing or hydrostatic bearing), and. a device for reducing spindle vibrations with deflections of the spindle shaft is provided perpendicular to the spindle axis, wherein a damper device is provided, with the use of at least one magnetic field spindle vibrations are damped.
  • a variable magnetic force generating device may be provided for vibration damping.
  • the damping of this device can be regulated.
  • the present magnetic device for reducing spindle vibrations can also advantageously realize storage properties with variable rigidity by generating magnetic forces.
  • the magnetic device is integrated in the drive motor.
  • a stiffness control of the magnetic device can be provided, which can operate in the range of feedback to positive feedback, whereby the generation of negative bearing stiffness is possible.
  • the possibility of a zero offset of the bearing characteristic (offset) may be provided, so that the magnetic device can apply additional radial forces on the spindle shaft.
  • the magnetic device can surround the spindle shaft radially.
  • the magnetic device, the spindle shaft can be arranged at a distance and without contact to the spindle shaft.
  • the spindle device has a stiffness-controlled magnetic device, wherein a passive damping element is arranged on at least one spindle bearing outside the magnetic device.
  • a hydraulic damper bushing is attached to the rear spindle bearing.
  • the present spindle device can also have a control, with the radial Spindelausschitch, or vibration amplitudes are reduced, the magnetic device is advantageously arranged between two spindle bearings.
  • a method for controlling the bearing stiffness of the spindle device wherein the system stiffness of the spindle device can be varied at the tool holder of the spindle shaft.
  • the above description provides a method for monitoring a machining process of a machine tool, wherein occurring vibrations are transmitted via the device for influencing the spindle oscillations. be measured and fed to an evaluation to determine at least one process parameter.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif à broches pour des machines outils, des moteurs ou analogues, comprenant un arbre (12, 22) de broche, un mécanisme de support de (13, 14, 15, 23, 24) de la broche, et un appareil actif (16, 26) empêchant ou réduisant les oscillations et les déviations de la broche, ledit appareil actif (16, 26) étant indépendant du mécanisme de support de l'axe. L'invention concerne également un procédé qui influence les oscillations et les déviations au moyen dudit dispositif à broches.
PCT/EP2005/013904 2004-12-29 2005-12-22 Dispositif a broches et procede pour influencer les oscillations et les deviations desdites broches WO2006072404A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410063259 DE102004063259B3 (de) 2004-12-29 2004-12-29 Spindeleinrichtung sowie Verfahren zur Beeinflussung von Spindelschwingungen und -auslenkungen
DE102004063259.6 2004-12-29

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006072404A1 true WO2006072404A1 (fr) 2006-07-13

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PCT/EP2005/013904 WO2006072404A1 (fr) 2004-12-29 2005-12-22 Dispositif a broches et procede pour influencer les oscillations et les deviations desdites broches

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DE (1) DE102004063259B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006072404A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006042539C5 (de) † 2006-09-11 2016-10-20 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Arbeitsspindel und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Arbeitsspindel
DE102007015634A1 (de) 2007-03-31 2008-10-02 Schaeffler Kg Dämpfungseinrichtung zum Dämpfen von Querschwingungen einer Welle oder dergleichen
DE102017201757B4 (de) 2017-02-03 2021-09-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Spindeleinrichtung und Verfahren zur Verstellung eines Radialhubs einer Spindelwelle

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2803551A1 (de) * 1978-01-27 1979-08-02 Mueller Georg Kugellager Lagerungssystem fuer schnellaufende spindeln
DE4100937A1 (de) * 1990-02-27 1991-08-29 Fichtel & Sachs Ag Vorrichtung zum daempfen von drehschwingungen im antriebsstrang eines kraftfahrzeuges
DE4214630A1 (de) * 1990-08-14 1993-10-28 Wilhelm M Peifer Vibrationssteuervorrichtung
DE19825370A1 (de) * 1998-06-06 1999-12-09 Manfred Weck Lagerung für drehbar gelagerte Bauteile, insbesondere Spindeln und Wellen
US6209692B1 (en) * 1996-08-02 2001-04-03 Isad Electronic Systems Gmbh & Co., Kg Electric machine for dampening vibrations in a drive train and method of using the same

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3248085C2 (de) * 1982-12-24 1986-07-03 GMN Georg Müller Nürnberg GmbH, 8500 Nürnberg Verfahren zum Auswuchten von rotationssymmetrischen Teilen während der Rotation
DE19837624A1 (de) * 1998-08-19 2000-03-02 Juergen Roeders Spindellagerung mit aktiver Schwingungsdämpfung

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2803551A1 (de) * 1978-01-27 1979-08-02 Mueller Georg Kugellager Lagerungssystem fuer schnellaufende spindeln
DE4100937A1 (de) * 1990-02-27 1991-08-29 Fichtel & Sachs Ag Vorrichtung zum daempfen von drehschwingungen im antriebsstrang eines kraftfahrzeuges
DE4214630A1 (de) * 1990-08-14 1993-10-28 Wilhelm M Peifer Vibrationssteuervorrichtung
US6209692B1 (en) * 1996-08-02 2001-04-03 Isad Electronic Systems Gmbh & Co., Kg Electric machine for dampening vibrations in a drive train and method of using the same
DE19825370A1 (de) * 1998-06-06 1999-12-09 Manfred Weck Lagerung für drehbar gelagerte Bauteile, insbesondere Spindeln und Wellen

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