Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
  • C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B29/00—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling
  • C09B29/0003—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from diazotized anilines
  • C09B29/0007—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from diazotized anilines containing acid groups, e.g. CO2H, SO3H, PO3H2, OSO3H, OPO2H2; Salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B29/00—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling
  • C09B29/34—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components
  • C09B29/36—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components from heterocyclic compounds
  • C09B29/3604—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components from heterocyclic compounds containing only a nitrogen as heteroatom
  • C09B29/3647—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components from heterocyclic compounds containing only a nitrogen as heteroatom containing a five-membered ring with two nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
  • C09B29/3652—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components from heterocyclic compounds containing only a nitrogen as heteroatom containing a five-membered ring with two nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms containing a 1,2-diazoles or hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
  • C09B29/3656—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from other coupling components from heterocyclic compounds containing only a nitrogen as heteroatom containing a five-membered ring with two nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms containing a 1,2-diazoles or hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles containing amino-1,2-diazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
  • C09B69/02—Dyestuff salts, e.g. salts of acid dyes with basic dyes
  • C09B69/04—Dyestuff salts, e.g. salts of acid dyes with basic dyes of anionic dyes with nitrogen containing compounds
  • C09B69/045—Dyestuff salts, e.g. salts of acid dyes with basic dyes of anionic dyes with nitrogen containing compounds of anionic azo dyes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
  • C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
  • C09D11/328—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/92—Synthetic fiber dyeing
  • Y10S8/922—Polyester fiber

Definitions

• the present invention relates to azo-compound-based dyes that are soluble in organic solvents, to a process for their preparation and to their use in the production of coloured plastics or polymeric colour particles and also as printing inks and printing colorants, coating compositions and wood stains.
• the object of the present invention is to provide heavy-metal-free dyes that are very soluble in organic solvents, having good solubility, high colour strength and good fastness to light, can be used, for example, as soluble printing dyes and wood stains and in the colouring of polar plastics, and are only sparingly soluble in water. This cannot be achieved using the heavy-metal-free compounds known today.
• the present invention accordingly relates to dyes of formula
• Cat * is an organic cation.
• the organic cation Cat+ is, for example, 18-crown-6 Na + (a compound of formula
• R 5 to R 8 are each independently of the others hydrogen, d-Ci 6 alkyl or CrC 4 alcohol.
• Caf is preferably the ammonium cation an
• Ri, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently of the others hydrogen or linear or branched C 2 -Ci 4 alkyl unsubstituted or hydroxy- or amino-substituted, and optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom, at least one of the substituents Ri to R 4 being linear or branched C 2 -Ci 4 alkyl unsubstituted or hydroxy- or amino-substituted, and optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom, and X is halogen or -OH.
• Caf there is especially preferred a cation derived from Primene81R ® , a commercial product of Rohm & Haas, a primary amine mixture with a heavily branched Ci 2 -Ci 4 alkyl side chain, or of Ci-Ci 4 tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, especially tetrabutylammonium hydroxide.
• the cations Caf may also be in the form of mixtures.
• Cat+ is more especially +N(CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHs) 4 .
• an organic cation Caf containing at least one branched radical is understood to mean, for example, a primary amine having a branched C 3 -Ci 4 alkyl chain or a secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine having at least one linear or branched C 3 -Ci 4 alkyl chain .
• the dyes of formula (1) can be prepared according to methods known perse. They are obtained, for example, by salt conversion of the dye of formula
• Solvents in that case can be polar organic solvents, such as, for example, alcohols, amides, ketones, carboxylates, such as ethyl acetate, chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as CH 2 CI 2 or CHCI 3 , hydrocarbons, for example hexane, heptane, toluene or xylene, or also amines.
• the reaction temperature can generally be from room temperature (about 20°C) to the boiling point of the solvent employed.
• the compounds of formula (1a) are known or can be prepared in a manner known perse.
• organic solvents in which the dyes according to the invention are soluble are, for example, linear, branched or cyclic alcohols, linear, branched or cyclic ketones, carboxylates, toluene, xylene and chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as, for example, CH 2 CI 2 or CHCI 3 .
• the dyes according to the invention have especially good solubility in polar solvents, especially in methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone and isobutyl methyl ketone.
• the present invention relates also to a process for the production of coloured plastics or polymeric colour particles, which comprises blending with one another a high molecular weight organic material and a tinctorially effective amount of at least one dye of formula (1 ).
• the colouring of high molecular weight, organic substances using the dye of formula (1) is effected, for example, by admixing such a dye with such substrates using roll mills or mixing or grinding apparatuses, with the result that the dye is dissolved or finely distributed in the high molecular weight material.
• the high molecular weight organic material with the admixed dye is then processed according to methods known perse, such as, for example, calendering, compression moulding, extrusion, coating, spinning, pouring or injection moulding, whereby the coloured material acquires its final shape.
• Admixture of the dye can also be effected immediately prior to the actual processing step, for example by continuously simultaneously feeding pulverulent dye and a granulated or pulverulent high molecular weight organic material and, optionally, also additional ingredients, such as additives, directly into the intake zone of an extruder, the constituents being mixed just prior to processing.
• additional ingredients such as additives
• plasticisers In order to produce non-rigid mouldings or to reduce their brittleness, it is frequently desirable to incorporate so-called plasticisers into the high molecular weight compounds prior to shaping.
• plasticisers for example, esters of phosphoric acid, phthalic acid or sebacic acid.
• the plasticisers can be incorporated into the polymers before or after the incorporation of the colorant.
• further dyes or other colorants in desired amounts in order to achieve different colour shades, optionally together with further additives, for example fillers or siccatives.
• thermoplastic plastics especially in the form of fibres or films.
• Preferred high molecular weight organic materials that can be coloured in accordance with the invention are, very generally, polymers having a dielectric constant > 2.5, especially polyesters, polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene/acrylonitrile (SAN) and acrylonitrile/buta- diene/styrene (ABS).
• polyesters and polyamide are especially preferred.
• linear aromatic polyesters obtainable by polycondensation of terephthalic acid and glycols, especially ethylene glycol, or condensation products of terephthalic acid and 1 ,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, for example polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBTP); also polycarbonates, e.g. those obtained from ⁇ , ⁇ -di- methyl-4,4-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane and phosgene, or polymers based on polyvinyl chloride and on polyamide, e.g. polyamide-6 or polyamide-6.6.
• the dyes according to the invention impart to the above-mentioned materials, especially the polyester and polyamide materials, shades of strong colour having very good in-use fastness properties, especially a good fastness to light.
• the dyes of formula (1 ) according to the invention can also be used in the printing of semisynthetic and, especially, synthetic hydrophobic fibre materials, more especially textile materials, and also in the printing of paper, plastics films or metal foils, especially aluminium foils.
• Semi-synthetic textile materials that come into consideration are especially cellulose TA acetate and cellulose triacetate.
• Synthetic hydrophobic textile materials consist especially of linear, aromatic polyesters, for example polyesters of terephthalic acid and glycols, especially ethylene glycol, or condensation products of terephthalic acid and 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane; of polycarbonates, e.g. polycarbonates obtained from ⁇ . ⁇ -dimethyl-M'-dihydroxy-diphenyl- methane and phosgene, and of fibres based on polyvinyl chloride and on polyamide.
• polycarbonates e.g. polycarbonates obtained from ⁇ . ⁇ -dimethyl-M'-dihydroxy-diphenyl- methane and phosgene
• the dyes according to the invention are also highly suitable for the printing of polyester/wool and polyester/cellulosic fibre blends.
• the said textile material can be in a variety of processing forms, e.g. in the form of fibres, yarns or non-wovens, in the form of woven fabrics or knitted fabrics.
• the dyes according to the invention are so ground that its particle size is on average from 0.1 to 10 microns. Grinding can be carried out in the presence of dispersants. For example, the dried dye is ground with a dispersant or is kneaded into paste form with a dispersant and then dried in vacuo or by atomisation. The preparations so obtained can be used, after the addition of water, to prepare printing colorants or printing pastes.
• the present invention relates also to the use of the dyes according to the invention in the preparation of printing colorants or printing pastes, optionally also together with other dyes, as well as to the printing colorants or printing pastes obtained.
• the amount of dyes to be added to the printing colorants or printing pastes is dependent on the desired colour strength; in general, amounts of from 0.01 to 15% by weight, especially from 0.02 to 10% by weight, based on the material to be printed, have proved suitable.
• the customary thickeners will be used, e.g. modified or unmodified natural products, for example alginates, British gum, gum arabic, crystal gum, carob flour, tragacanth, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, starch or synthetic products, for example polyacrylamides, polyacrylic acid or copolymers thereof, or polyvinyl alcohols.
• modified or unmodified natural products for example alginates, British gum, gum arabic, crystal gum, carob flour, tragacanth, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, starch or synthetic products, for example polyacrylamides, polyacrylic acid or copolymers thereof, or polyvinyl alcohols.
• the printing pastes also comprise, if desired, acid donors, such as butyrolactone or sodium hydrogen phosphate, preservatives, sequestering agents, emulsifiers, organic solvents, e.g. alcohols, esters, toluene and xylene, binders, e.g. nitrocellulose and vinyl copolymers, softeners, e.g. citric acid, oxidising agents, deaerating agents, light stabilisers and UV stabilisers.
• acid donors such as butyrolactone or sodium hydrogen phosphate
• preservatives such as butyrolactone or sodium hydrogen phosphate
• sequestering agents such as butyrolactone or sodium hydrogen phosphate
• emulsifiers such as butyrolactone or sodium hydrogen phosphate
• organic solvents e.g. alcohols, esters, toluene and xylene
• binders e.g. nitrocellulose and vinyl copolymers
• softeners e
• the printing paste is applied directly to the entire surface of the material to be printed or to parts thereof, printing machines of the customary type, e.g. flexographic/intaglio printing, offset printing, rotary or flat-film printing machines, advantageously being used.
• the printing pastes according to the invention are also suitable for transfer printing.
• the dyes according to the invention impart to the mentioned materials, especially to polyester materials, level colour shades having very good in-use fastness properties.
• the present invention relates also to the use of the dyes of formula (1 ) in the preparation of printing inks, preferably inks used in an ink-jet method.
• the present invention relates also to the aqueous inks used in the ink-jet printing method that comprise at least one dye of formula (1).
• the total amount of dyes present in the inks is preferably from 0.5 to 35% by weight, especially from 1 to 30% by weight and more especially from 1 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the ink.
• the especially preferred lower limit is 1.2% by weight, especially 1.5% by weight.
• the especially preferred upper limit is 15% by weight, especially 10% by weight.
• the inks preferably comprise a solubiliser or a humectant, such as a water-miscible organic solvent, for example a d-C 4 alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol or isobutanol; an amide, e.g. dimethylformamide or dimethyl acetamide; a ketone or ketone alcohol, e.g. acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, di- acetone alcohol; an ether, e.g.
• a solubiliser or a humectant such as a water-miscible organic solvent
• a solubiliser or a humectant such as a water-miscible organic solvent
• a solubiliser or a humectant such as a water-miscible organic solvent,
• tetrahydrofuran or dioxane a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, e.g. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidone; a polyalkylene glycol, preferably a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of from 100 to 800, e.g. diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400 or polyethylene glycol 600, especially having a molecular weight of from 150 to 400, or a low molecular weight polypropylene glycol, e.g.
• a polyalkylene glycol preferably a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of from 100 to 800, e.g. diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400 or polyethylene glycol 600, especially
• a C r C 4 alkyl ether of a polyalkylene glycol e.g. diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-[2-(2-methoxy- ethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol or 2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol; a C 2 -C 6 alkylene glycol or a thioglycol, e.g.
• the inks comprise at least one solubiliser or humectant from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols having a molecular weight of from 150 to 400, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and glycerol and especially tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and glycerol, usually in an amount of from 2 to 30% by weight, especially from 5 to 25% by weight and more especially from 20 to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the ink.
• solubiliser or humectant from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols having a molecular weight of from 150 to 400, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and glycerol and especially tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and glycerol, usually in an amount of from 2 to 30% by weight, especially from 5 to
• the inks may in addition comprise solubilisers, e.g. ⁇ -caprolactam.
• humectants in the inks according to the invention there also come into consideration, for example, urea or a mixture of sodium lactate (advantageously in the form of a 50 to 60% aqueous solution) and glycerol and/or propylene glycol in amounts of preferably from 0.1 to 30% by weight, especially from 2 to 30% by weight.
• the inks may comprise thickeners of natural or synthetic origin, inter alia for adjusting the viscosity.
• thickeners examples include commercially available alginate thickeners, starch ethers and carob flour ethers, especially sodium alginate on its own or in admixture with modified cellulose, for example methyl, ethyl, carboxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, methyl hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, especially with preferably from 20 to 25 percent by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose.
• synthetic thickeners for example, those based on poly(meth)- acrylic acids or poly(meth)acrylamides.
• the inks contain such thickeners in an amount of, for example, from 0.01 to 2% by weight, especially from 0.01 to 1% by weight and more especially from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the ink.
• the inks may also comprise buffer substances, for example borax, borate, phosphate, polyphosphate or citrate.
• buffer substances for example borax, borate, phosphate, polyphosphate or citrate.
• borax sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium tripoly- phosphate, sodium pentapolyphosphate and also sodium citrate. They are used especially in amounts of from 0.1 to 3% by weight, more especially from 0.1 to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the ink, to establish a pH value of, for example, from 4 to 9, especially from 5 to 8.5.
• Further additives that may be present in the inks are surfactants or wetting agents.
• Surfactants or wetting agents that come into consideration are the commercially available anionic or non-ionic surfactants.
• the inks may in addition comprise customary additives, e.g. anti-foams or especially substances that inhibit fungal and/or bacterial growth.
• additives are usually used in amounts of from 0.01 to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the ink.
• Preservatives that come into consideration are formaldehyde-yielding agents, e.g. paraformaldehyde and trioxane, especially aqueous formaldehyde solutions, for example 30 to 40 percent by weight formaldehyde solutions, imidazole compounds, e.g. 2-(4-thiazolyl)- benzimidazole, thiazole compounds, e.g.
• the inks can be prepared in customary manner by mixing together the individual components, for example in the desired amount of ethanol or water. Suspended matter and insoluble components present in the inks are removed, for example, by filtration through filters having a pore size of from 0.2 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
• the inks according to the invention are suitable for use in recording systems in which the ink is expressed from a small aperture in the form of droplets and directed onto a planar substrate on which an image is formed.
• Suitable substrates include, for example, paper, plastics films or textile fibre materials, preferably paper or plastics films and especially a plastics-coated paper.
• Suitable recording systems include, for example, commercially available ink-jet printers for use in paper printing or textile printing.
• paper that can be printed with the inks according to the invention there may be mentioned commercially available ink-jet paper, photo paper, glossy paper, plastics- coated paper, e.g. Epson Ink-jet Paper, Epson Photo Paper, Epson Glossy Paper, Epson Glossy Film, HP Special Ink-jet Paper, Encad Photo Gloss Paper and llford Photo Paper.
• Plastics films that can be printed with the inks according to the invention are, for example, transparent or cloudy/opaque. Suitable plastics films are, for example, 3M Transparency Film. Preference is given to glossy paper, such as, for example, Epson Glossy Paper.
• textile fibre materials there come into consideration especially nitrogen-containing or hydroxy group-containing fibre materials, for example woven textile fabric made of cellulose, silk, wool or synthetic polyamides, especially silk.
• ink-jet printing method individual droplets of ink are sprayed onto a substrate from a nozzle in a controlled manner. It is mainly the continuous ink-jet method and the drop-on-demand method that are used for that purpose.
• the droplets are produced continuously, droplets not required for the printing operation being discharged into a receptacle and recycled.
• droplets are generated as desired and used for printing; that is to say, droplets are generated only when required for the printing operation.
• the production of the droplets can be effected, for example, by means of a piezo ink-jet head or by thermal energy (bubble jet).
• printing by means of a piezo ink-jet head is preferred, but preference is given also to printing according to the continuous ink-jet method.
• the present invention relates also to the above-mentioned uses of the dyes according to the invention, such as in a method of printing semi-synthetic or synthetic hydrophobic fibre material, especially textile material, which comprises applying the dyes according to the invention to the said material.
• the mentioned hydrophobic fibre material is preferably textile polyester material.
• the invention relates also to the hydrophobic fibre material, preferably polyester textile material, paper and plastics films or metal foils, printed using the said process.
• the dyes of formula (1 ) according to the invention are furthermore suitable for other recording methods, for example thermotransfer printing.
• Example 1 of a printing colorant 3.0% by weight of the dye of formula
• the printing colorant gives a brilliant intense orange coloration on paper, plastics films or metal foils.
• Example 2 of a printing colorant
• VYHH a vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer (85%/15%)
• the printing colorant gives a brilliant intense orange coloration on paper, plastics films or metal foils.
• Example 3 of a printing colorant
• NC AH 27 (20% ATBC) [a nitrocellulose, soluble in ethanol, containing
• the printing colorant gives a brilliant intense orange coloration on paper, plastics films or metal foils.
• Example 4 of a printing colorant
• the printing colorant gives a brilliant intense orange coloration on paper, plastics films or metal foils.
• Example 5 of a printing colorant 3.0% by weight of the dye of formula (101) are stirred into
• Movital B20H a vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer
• Dowanol PMA methoxypropyl acetate
• the printing colorant gives a brilliant intense orange coloration on paper, plastics films or metal foils.
• Example of a solvent-containing wood stain 3.0 parts by weight of the azo dye of formula (100), 40.0 parts by weight of ethyl alcohol, 40.0 parts by weight of 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 17.0 parts by weight of isopropanol
• the wood stain obtained according to the above Example is applied to a 10x5.5 cm piece of ash wood using a paint brush.
• the stained piece of wood is dried in air for 12 hours.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
• Coloring (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
• Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-12-19 ES ES05825277T patent/ES2367650T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 2005-12-19 EP EP05825277A patent/EP1831315B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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