WO2006065247A1 - Apparatus for low phase noise oscillators - Google Patents
Apparatus for low phase noise oscillators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006065247A1 WO2006065247A1 PCT/US2004/042575 US2004042575W WO2006065247A1 WO 2006065247 A1 WO2006065247 A1 WO 2006065247A1 US 2004042575 W US2004042575 W US 2004042575W WO 2006065247 A1 WO2006065247 A1 WO 2006065247A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resonator
- active device
- oscillator
- feedback
- phase noise
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/003—Circuit elements of oscillators
- H03B2200/0052—Circuit elements of oscillators including measures to switch the feedback circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/006—Functional aspects of oscillators
- H03B2200/0066—Amplitude or AM detection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/006—Functional aspects of oscillators
- H03B2200/0088—Reduction of noise
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/006—Functional aspects of oscillators
- H03B2200/0092—Measures to linearise or reduce distortion of oscillator characteristics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a low phase noise oscillator.
- the present invention relates to an oscillator circuit wherein the level of the output signal is monitored and compared to a desired reference level and the error signal used to modify the feedback such that the negative resistance of the active device presented to the resonator exactly equals the magnitude of the positive resistance of the resonator without having to rely upon saturation in the active device and for very linear operation of the device such that over the full swing of the output, the negative impedance presented to the resonator remain extremely constant - thus
- oscillators rely upon circuit non-linearities to limit oscillator amplitude.
- the conditions for oscillation are established with loop gain sufficiency greater than unity so that circuit losses are over come and oscillator amplitude grows until limited by the large signal non-
- Sinewave Oscillators linearities in the particular circuit while this is a practical solution, it is not the best from the stand point of limiting oscillator phase noise. This approach will tend to limit amplitude variation on the signal output but will adversely effect the phase noise characteristics of an oscillator, which is of far greater importance in most applications - especially communications.
- phase noise is actually enhanced rather than minimized due to such circuit fluctuations as shot or 1 //noise actually of the active device or resonator (some resonators such as quartz crystals can exhibit ⁇ lf noise - typically less than that of the active device but none the less, non-zero).
- Sinewave Oscillators in voltage are used, since the magnitude of each effect actually varies from one point of the output waveform to the next!
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a standard oscillator circuit
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the improved circuitry of an oscillator circuit according to the present invention.
- the possible circuit configuration for an oscillator depend upon the nature of the active device - is it a two terminal or multi-terminal device.
- a two terminal device can only be operated in a negative resistance or conductance mode.
- impart diodes are operated as negative resistance devices and used in series resonant circuits
- Gunn diodes are operated as negative conductance devices and used in parallel resonant circuits.
- other types of two terminal devices such as tunnel diodes.
- Typical examples of multi-terminal devices are silicon bipolar transistors and GaAs field effect transistors. Silicon bipolar transistors and GaAs FETS are 3 terminal devices and can therefore be operated in any one of several modes so as to produce oscillations.
- FIG.l of the drawings illustrates a functional diagram used to represent a 3 -terminal device (5) in a negative
- Sinewave Oscillators immittance mode In this mode, the biased transistor (9) develops gain over the desired frequency range, and feedback is applied to the transistor (in any of the number of ways) so that a negative immittance appears at any one or more of its terminals, but especially at the terminal(s) where the resonator (6) is connected.
- Oscillation begins with the magnitude of the negative resistance of the active device (5) with feedback is greater than the positive resistance of the resonator (6) and when the reactance of the resonator (6) is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign from the reactance of the active device(5) with feedback(7).
- the oscillator steady state power output is reach when the negative resistance of the active device (5) with feedback (7) has been reduced by saturation to a value exactly equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the resistance of the resonator(7) .
- FIG.2 illustrates how the circuit of FIG.l has been modified to reflect the teaching of the present invention.
- Sinewave Oscillators In the circuit (12) of FIG. 12,means (15) are provided for the level of the output signal to be monitored and compared to a desired reference level (16) and for an error signal to be generated and used to modify the feedback in the feedback network (7) so that the negative resistance of the active device (5) presented to the resonator (6) exactly equals the magnitude of the positive resistance of the resonator (6) without having to rely upon saturation in the active device (5) to do so.
- This circuit (12) also allows the output amplitude in steady state operation to be arbitrarily small and also allows for very linear operation of the device (5) so that over the full swing of the output, the negative impedance presented to the resonator (6) remain extremely constant - thus reducing the sensitivity of the oscillator to any noise present. Furthermore, as stated earlier, circuit configurations which minimize the effects of shot and white noise on the value of the negative impedance presented to the active device (5) will further reduce phase noise at the output of the oscillator by minimizing the modulation of the negative, impedance by said noise.
- a balanced configuration for the active devices with the resonator connected in a differential manner the differential pair fed by a low noise high compliance current source will serve to greatly reduce the modulation of the negative impedance seen by the resonator and hence the phase noise spectrum of the oscillator.
- a differential configuration has been used in the past for integrated mos oscillators to reduce their otherwise very high phase noise to an acceptable level.
- the full benefits of such a configuration have never been achieved since allowing saturation mitigates much to the benefits of the differential configuration:
- Sinewave Oscillators - Operation of the resonator in the feedback mode utilizes the forward gain of the active device to compensate for the positive resistance (i.e. loss) of the resonator.
- any of a variety of means to limit the forward gain (with minimal phase shift so as not to change the resonant frequency unduly)can be used, thereby allowing the circuit to run in the steady state with an arbitrarily small output swing, such operation makes it possible to achieve very low phase noise as discussed previously.
- the process shown can occur at the RF frequency with out "detecting" the level of the signal and running the controls signals at base band (for example, using a suitable yig resonator properly biased so that it limits signal amplitude as the feedback element in a bipolar oscillator).
- the forward gain can be set low as to minimize the sensitivity of the negative impedance presented to noise in the active device.
- an oscillator with low noise properties is one utilizing YIG material which exhibits material specific limiting utilizing YIG as the tank circuit in an oscillator would permit one to construct a feedback an oscillator that operates in the linear region and thus achieves low phase noise operation.
Landscapes
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2004/042575 WO2006065247A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2004-12-15 | Apparatus for low phase noise oscillators |
US11/792,733 US20090121800A1 (en) | 2003-12-16 | 2004-12-15 | Apparatus for Low Phase Noise Oscillators |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2004/042575 WO2006065247A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 | 2004-12-15 | Apparatus for low phase noise oscillators |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006065247A1 true WO2006065247A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
Family
ID=34959895
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2004/042575 WO2006065247A1 (en) | 2003-12-16 | 2004-12-15 | Apparatus for low phase noise oscillators |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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WO (1) | WO2006065247A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09252221A (en) * | 1996-03-14 | 1997-09-22 | Pioneer Electron Corp | Sine wave oscillation device |
US5894248A (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 1999-04-13 | Wiltron Company | Controlled loop gain YIG tuned oscillator circuit |
US6137375A (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2000-10-24 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Loss control loop circuit for controlling the output voltage of a voltage-controlled oscillator |
JP2002151954A (en) * | 2000-11-07 | 2002-05-24 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | Oscillator |
-
2004
- 2004-12-15 WO PCT/US2004/042575 patent/WO2006065247A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09252221A (en) * | 1996-03-14 | 1997-09-22 | Pioneer Electron Corp | Sine wave oscillation device |
US5894248A (en) * | 1997-06-11 | 1999-04-13 | Wiltron Company | Controlled loop gain YIG tuned oscillator circuit |
US6137375A (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2000-10-24 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Loss control loop circuit for controlling the output voltage of a voltage-controlled oscillator |
JP2002151954A (en) * | 2000-11-07 | 2002-05-24 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | Oscillator |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 01 30 January 1998 (1998-01-30) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2002, no. 09 4 September 2002 (2002-09-04) * |
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