WO2006062427A1 - Procede de detection quantitative de toxines biologiques - Google Patents
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- WO2006062427A1 WO2006062427A1 PCT/RU2004/000464 RU2004000464W WO2006062427A1 WO 2006062427 A1 WO2006062427 A1 WO 2006062427A1 RU 2004000464 W RU2004000464 W RU 2004000464W WO 2006062427 A1 WO2006062427 A1 WO 2006062427A1
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Definitions
- the invention relates to analytical biochemistry and quantitative immunochemical analysis and for the quantitative detection of various biological toxins by the immunochemical method using three-dimensional microchips based on hydrogels.
- the proposed method for the detection of biotoxins can be used in medicine, in the food industry, in environmental protection.
- Currently, the development of fast and sensitive methods for the analysis of biological toxins is becoming important due to the threat of bioterrorism, since many natural toxins can be used as components of biological weapons.
- toxins that have a strong toxic effect on the human body are well known.
- the most powerful toxins produced by microorganisms include botulinum, tetanus and cholera toxins; of plant toxins, ricin and abrin are the most powerful.
- toxins secreted by poisonous animals snakes, spiders, scorpions, etc.
- Most biotoxins are polypeptide in nature, however, low molecular weight compounds with high toxicity are known, for example, tetrodotoxin (acupuncture fish), T-2 toxin (fungi), blue-green alga toxins.
- Napogep (USA) has proposed electronic microarrays with immobilized antibodies [5].
- ViPrakhis USA is developing a microarray technology in which Raman spectroscopy (Raman scattering) is used for signal detection [6].
- Biomolecules in particular anti-biotoxin antibodies, are immobilized on a metal surface at points with a diameter of about 1 micron. After processing the microchip with a solution containing the analyte, an antibody-antigen complex forms, which is detected by obtaining Raman spectra, from which the spectra of free antibodies are subtracted. The possibility of detecting B (1) and G (1) aflatoxins from a mixture is shown. Three-dimensional microarrays based on polyacrylamide hydrogels were first developed at the IMB RAS [7].
- gel microarrays are obtained by copolymerization and polymerization immobilization methods [8, 9].
- the technology for producing hydrogel microarrays includes preparing a substrate (glass, plastic, silicon) (1), applying a polymerization mixture containing gel components and immobilized substances, in the form of droplets onto a substrate using a robot (T), photo-induced gel polymerization with the formation of gel elements containing immobilized probes (3). As a result, arrays of discrete gel elements are obtained, each of which contains an immobilized probe. Oligonucleotides, DNA, proteins, and various low molecular weight compounds can serve as probes [10-12]. It was shown that protein microarrays obtained by copolymerization can be used to study protein-protein interactions, in particular, antigen-antibody interactions, and immunochemical and enzymatic reactions [11, 12].
- microchips based on three-dimensional hydrogels are used to develop a method for the quantitative detection of biological toxins.
- the disadvantage of traditional immunological methods of analysis is the inability to conduct simultaneous analysis of several compounds, in particular biotoxins, in the sample. Multiple parallel analysis of several compounds is achieved using microchips.
- the disadvantages of the methods for analyzing biological toxins on microchips described in the literature include the complex technology for manufacturing microchips: combining several blocks, connecting channels for supplying solutions, attaching electrodes. Signals are recorded using complex and expensive equipment: confocal microscope, Raman spectroscopy, etc. These disadvantages were overcome when developing a method for immunoassay of biological toxins using three-dimensional microchips based on hydrogels.
- the aim of the invention is to develop a method for the quantitative detection of biological toxins of bacterial, plant and animal origin, allowing simultaneous parallel analysis of several biotoxins in a sample with a sensitivity not equal to or greater than the sensitivity of standard immunological tests.
- This goal is achieved by developing a method for the quantitative detection of biological toxins using microchips based on hydrogels.
- Hydrogel elements with a diameter of 100-600 ⁇ m and a height of 30-100 ⁇ m, containing immobilized antibodies against biotoxins or biotoxins, were obtained by photo- or chemically induced polymerization and covalently attached to the surface of the substrate (glass, plastic or silicon).
- the proposed method includes the following stages: a) the manufacture of a biological microchip, which is an ordered array of three-dimensional; hydrogel cells on a solid support containing immobilized antibodies to various biotoxins or biotoxins, moreover, an antibody to an individual biotoxin or an individual biotoxin is immobilized in each individual cell; b) incubation of the microchip in a reaction medium including a sample containing biotoxins to be analyzed for the formation of biotoxin-antibody immune complexes, which, if necessary, is carried out under stirring conditions; c) detection of the resulting complex; d) quantitative detection of the analyzed biotoxin.
- the reaction medium in step b) contains the analyzed biotoxin, which forms a specific complex with antibodies against this toxin immobilized on a chip.
- the reaction medium in stage b) additionally contains labeled antibodies to the analyzed biotoxin, and labeled antibodies compete for binding with biotoxin in solution and biotoxin immobilized on a microchip.
- the microchip contains immobilized antibodies, and the reaction medium in step b) additionally contains labeled biotoxin. There is a competition between labeled and unlabeled biotoxin for binding to immobilized antibodies.
- the microchip contains immobilized antibodies
- the reaction medium in stage b) contains the analyzed biotoxin, which forms a specific complex with the immobilized on the chip antibodies.
- the microchip is developed with labeled antibodies specific for another epitope of the given biotoxin.
- stage b) is carried out under stirring conditions, which significantly reduces the analysis time.
- Immunoassay results are recorded using fluorescence, chemiluminescence, or mass spectrometry directly from the gel elements of the microchip.
- Antibodies or biotoxins may contain fluorescent labels or conjugates to proteins or other compounds capable of participating in reactions leading to light emission (chemiluminescence or bioluminescence). Mass spectral detection does not require the introduction of additional labels.
- Quantitative detection of biotoxin is carried out by carrying out stages a) - c) with standard (reference) samples containing known concentrations of the analyzed biotoxin.
- the calibration dependence “microchip gel cell signal - biotoxin concentration” is built. After this stage a) - c) is carried out with the analyzed sample, and the concentration of the analyzed biotoxin in the sample is determined by the calibration dependence.
- the proposed method allows simultaneous parallel analysis of several biotoxins in the sample.
- the microchip for parallel multiple analysis contains immobilized antibodies against several toxins and / or several immobilized biotoxins.
- An antibody to an individual biotoxin or an individual biotoxin is immobilized in each individual gel cell.
- a reaction medium including a sample containing several biotoxins to be analyzed, specific biotoxin-antibody immune complexes are formed.
- the reaction medium contains a sample comprising several toxins to be analyzed, and after incubation of the microchip with the sample, the signals of the microchip cells containing the corresponding immobilized antibody are recorded.
- the reaction medium on stage b) additionally contains a mixture of labeled antibodies to all analyzed biotoxins or a mixture of all analyzed labeled biotoxins.
- a sandwich immunoassay the development of a microchip after incubation in a reaction medium including a sample is carried out with a mixture of labeled antibodies against all of the analyzed biotoxins.
- the sensitivity of the proposed method for the detection of biological toxins is not inferior to the sensitivity of the spot version of the immunoassay, for example, the detection limit of ricin by sandwich immunoassay using gel microarrays was 0.1 ng / ml (Table 1).
- the proposed method for the analysis of biotoxins based on the use of gel microarrays has a number of significant advantages over the microarrays described in the literature: the developed three-dimensional gel structure has a much greater capacity for immobilization compared to two-dimensional microarrays, which greatly increases the sensitivity of the analysis; in addition, immobilized proteins are in a hydrophilic environment, and there is no contact with the hydrophobic surface of the substrate, which helps to preserve the biological activity of the immobilized molecules and ensures high storage stability.
- Figure 1 shows the results of ricin immunoassay on microarrays.
- the microchips contained gel elements with immobilized antibodies against ricin Rchl, 0.1 mg / ml. Dependence of the fluorescence intensity on the concentration of ricin labeled with Cy3 in solution.
- the microchips contained gel elements with immobilized antibodies against ricin Rêthl, 0.1 mg / ml; microchips after incubation with ricin solutions were developed with anti-ricin antibodies IRKl labeled with Cy3, 20 ⁇ g / ml. Intensity dependence fluorescence from ricin concentration in solution.
- the inset in FIG. IB shows fluorescence signals at low ricin concentrations. The dashed line corresponds to fluorescence intensity 3 times higher than the scatter of the background signal; the ricin detection limit was 0.1 ng / ml.
- the microchips contained gel elements with immobilized antibodies against ricin 1RK2, 0.1 mg / ml; microarrays after incubation with ricin solutions showed biotinylated antibodies against ricin 2RKl (40 ⁇ g / ml), an avidin peroxidase conjugate (45 ⁇ g / ml), and chemiluminescent peroxidase substrates. Dependence of the intensity of chemiluminescence on the concentration of ricin in solution.
- Figure 2 shows MALDI-TOF mass spectra of staphylococcal enterotoxin B obtained from gel cells of a microchip with immobilized monoclonal antibodies against this toxin S222, 0.1 mg / ml, after incubation of the microchip with a toxin solution.
- Figure 3 presents the results of the simultaneous analysis of several biotoxins on one microchip.
- the microchips contained gel elements with immobilized monoclonal antibodies against staphylococcal toxin (S222), diphtheria toxin (7D9), tetanus toxin ( ⁇ D2C6), lethal anthrax toxin factor (10EDG7), ricin (IRKl) and viscumin (TAS). Each antibody was immobilized in 4 gel cells at a concentration of 0.1 mg / ml.
- Fluorescence images were obtained after incubating the microchip with a solution of staphylococcal toxin (chip 1), diphtheria toxin (chip 2), tetanus toxin (chip 3), lethal factor anthrax toxin (chip 4), ricin (chip 5) and viscumin (chip 6) and manifestations of a mixture of Cy3-labeled monoclonal antibodies against all 6 studied biotoxins (antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxin B S643, antibodies against diphtheria toxin 2 AZ, antibodies against tetanus toxin ZD10B11, antibodies against lethal factor anthrax toxin ZB4D9, antibodies against ricin Rchl, antibodies against viscumin MNA9).
- Hydrogel microchips for the quantitative detection of biological toxins are produced by the method of photo- or chemically induced radical polymerization using a patented technology [9].
- the microchip is an ordered array of three-dimensional hydrogel cells on a solid substrate containing immobilized antibodies to various biotoxins of bacterial, plant and animal origin or immobilized biotoxins of various nature. An individual ligand is immobilized in each individual cell of the microchip.
- the binding of a ligand with a hydrogel matrix is possible both directly during its immobilization during gel formation, and through the formation of specific complexes of avidin (streptavidin) - biotin, for example, immobilized avidin - a biotinylated antibody, or immobilized nitrilotriacetic acid - a recombinant protein containing another recombinant protein .
- avidin streptavidin
- Ligands are antibodies of various types, all types of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE), monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, recombinant antibodies, various types of mini antibodies, including Fab fragments and single chain antibodies (scFv and others ), as well as low molecular weight biotoxins and biotoxins of protein nature.
- Ligands for the formation of a specific complex with the analyzed biotoxins can also be aptamers - DNA or RNA molecules capable of high affinity interaction with the corresponding compound. For example, an RNA aptamer consisting of 31 nucleotides specific for ricin A chain [13] and DNA aptamers specific for cholera toxin and staphylococcal enterotoxin B [14] were obtained.
- the type of compounds used for immobilization depends on the analyzed object and the method of analysis (direct, competitive, sandwich analysis, etc.).
- a method for quantitative detection of biotoxins using hydrogel microarrays involves the following steps: a) manufacturing a biological microchip, which is an ordered array of three-dimensional hydrogel cells on a solid substrate, obtained by photo- or chemically induced polymerization and containing immobilized antibodies to various biotoxins of bacterial, plant and animal origin or biotoxins, moreover, an antibody to an individual is immobilized in each individual cell oval biotoxin or individual biotoxin; b) incubation of the microchip in a reaction medium including a sample containing biotoxins to be analyzed for the formation of biotoxin-antibody immune complexes, which, if necessary, is carried out under stirring conditions; c) detection of the resulting complex; d) quantitative detection of the analyzed biotoxin.
- buffer solutions are used, which are usually used in immunoassays, for example, 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containing 0.15 M NaCl, 0.05 M Tris-Hcl, pH 7.4 , etc.
- polyvinyl alcohol, bovine serum albumin and sucrose, milk powder proteins, etc. are added to the reaction medium.
- a method for the quantitative detection of biotoxins can be carried out in the form of various types of immunoassay, for example, direct, competitive and sandwich immunoassay (Example 1).
- the microchip contains immobilized antibodies against the analyzed biotoxin, and the reaction medium in stage b) contains the analyzed biotoxin, which forms a specific immune complex with immobilized antibodies.
- the analyzed biotoxin contains a fluorescent label; in chemiluminescent registration, biotoxin is a conjugate with a protein or other compound capable of participating in reactions leading to light emission (chemiluminescence or bioluminescence).
- the recorded fluorescent or chemiluminescent signal of the microchip cells with immobilized antibodies is proportional to the concentration of biotoxin (Example 1, Fig. IA).
- Methods for introducing a fluorescent label or for conjugating to a protein or other compound are well known in the art. In particular, the procedures described in G.T. Nermapsop, ⁇ schreib Whyjugate ⁇ soirhpiquanss, Academis Press, Sap Diego, 1996. In the case of mass spectral detection, an additional label is not required.
- the reaction medium in step b) further comprises fluorescently labeled antibodies to the biotoxin to be analyzed (or the corresponding antibody conjugates).
- the reaction mixture is incubated with a standard or assayed sample before application to the microchip.
- labeled antibodies compete for binding to the biotoxin in solution and the biotoxin immobilized on the microchip.
- the recorded fluorescent or chemiluminescent signal of the microchip cells with immobilized biotoxins is the higher, the lower the concentration of the analyzed toxin in the sample (Example 1, Fig. 1B)
- the microchip contains immobilized antibodies, and the reaction medium in step b) further contains a fluorescently-labeled biotoxin (or the corresponding biotoxin conjugate).
- the reaction medium in step b) further contains a fluorescently-labeled biotoxin (or the corresponding biotoxin conjugate).
- the recorded fluorescent or chemiluminescent signal of the microchip cells with immobilized antibodies is the higher, the lower the concentration of the analyzed toxin in the sample.
- the microchip contains immobilized antibodies
- the reaction medium in stage b) contains the analyzed biotoxin, which forms a specific complex with antibodies immobilized on a chip.
- the microchip is developed with fluorescently labeled antibodies (or corresponding antibody conjugates) specific for another epitope of the given biotoxin.
- the recorded fluorescent or chemiluminescent signal of the microchip cells with immobilized antibodies is proportional to the concentration of biotoxin (Example 1, Fig. IB, D).
- Direct and competitive microchip assays can be performed for toxins of both protein nature and low molecular weight toxins.
- the sandwich variant of immunoassay is possible, as a rule, only for protein biotoxins, for which antibodies specific for different epitopes of the protein molecule can be obtained (immobilized binding antibodies and showing labeled antibodies).
- Quantitative detection of biotoxins is carried out by carrying out stages a) -c) with known concentrations of the analyzed biotoxin and constructing a calibration dependence by which the amount of the analyzed biotoxin in the sample is determined.
- a calibration graph is plotted for the intensity of the fluorescent or chemiluminescent signal of the corresponding gel cells of the microchip on the known concentrations of biotoxin in a standard (reference) solution.
- the unknown concentration of biotoxin in the sample is determined from the calibration curve by the value of the signal intensity obtained after the interaction of the analyzed sample with a microchip.
- the biotoxin detection limit is defined as the concentration corresponding to the intensity of the fluorescent / chemiluminescent signal, 3 times the spread of the background signal.
- results of the immunoassay of biotoxins using gel microarrays can be recorded by several methods: by fluorescence intensity; by chemiluminescence intensity; mass spectrometry directly from the gel elements of the microchip.
- fluorescent dyes for example, such as Texas Red, tetramethylrodamine
- fluorescein, cyanine 3 and 5 Cy3, Cy5
- the registration of fluorescence signals from the cells of the microchip is carried out using fluorescence microscopes or scanning microscopes of various types, allowing you to record the signal from the used fluorescent label.
- conjugates of antibodies, biotoxins or avidin are used (for biotinylated proteins), for example, with such enzymes as horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, ⁇ -galactosidase, luciferase, but not limited to them, giving chemiluminescent signals as a result of the corresponding enzyme reactions, for example, peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of luminol by hydrogen peroxide.
- Chemiluminescent signals are recorded using CCD cameras or other recording devices, in particular, fluorescence microscopes with the excitation light source turned off.
- the procedure for recording the analysis results in this case includes processing the microchip with a solution that destroys the complex formed by the studied biotoxin with an anti-toxin antibody immobilized on the chip (biotoxin elution from the microchip cell), direct mass spectral analysis directly from the gel element, and biotoxin identification by its molecular weight (Example 2, Fig. 2).
- Example 3 shows the results of an immunoassay of 6 different biological toxins on hydrogel microarrays.
- the method for the quantitative detection of biotoxins using hydrogel microscales is characterized by high sensitivity, not inferior to the sensitivity of standard immunological methods: for ricin, the detection limit was 0.1 ng / ml.
- the proposed method for the quantitative detection of biotoxins using hydrogel microarrays allows for simultaneous, parallel analysis of samples for the presence of several toxins, which dramatically increases the detection efficiency and significantly reduces the amount of test material: 20 ⁇ l of the test sample is sufficient for analysis.
- the microchip for parallel multiple analysis contains immobilized antibodies against several toxins and / or several immobilized biotoxins.
- the reaction medium contains a sample comprising one or more of the analyzed toxins, and after incubation of the microchip with the sample, the signals of the microchip cells containing the corresponding immobilized antibodies are recorded.
- the reaction medium in step b) further comprises a mixture of labeled antibodies to all of the analyzed biotoxins or a mixture of all of the analyzed labeled biotoxins.
- a sandwich immunoassay the development of a microchip after incubation in a reaction medium containing a sample is carried out with a mixture of labeled antibodies against all of the analyzed biotoxins.
- Example 4 demonstrated the simultaneous sandwich analysis of 6 different biological toxins on one microchip during the development of the microchip with a mixture of fluorescently-labeled antibodies. The sensitivity of the parallel analysis was no less than the sensitivity for determining one toxin.
- stage b the stage of incubation of the microchip in a reaction medium including a sample containing the biotoxins to be analyzed (stage b) is carried out under stirring conditions, which significantly reduces the analysis time (Example 5).
- Mixing can be carried out, for example, by switching the direction of flow of the reaction solution from direct to reverse using various types of pumps, ultrasound, electrophoresis, but not limited to these methods.
- hydrogel microchips in comparison with the two-dimensional chips described in the literature is the hydrophilic environment of molecules immobilized in the gel and the absence of contact with the hydrophobic surface of the substrate, which is especially important for protein molecules.
- the hydrophilic environment helps to preserve the biological activity of proteins and enzymes and ensures their stabilization during storage.
- Microchips with immobilized antibodies are stable for at least six months when stored in the presence of glycerol at 1 0 0 C (Example 6).
- Hydrogel microarrays containing immobilized antibodies against ricin and ricin were obtained using the previously patented technology of polymerization immobilization [9].
- microarrays were preincubated in 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containing 0.15 M NaCl, 1% polyvinyl alcohol (PBC-50) or 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 4% sucrose (“blocking buffer”), 2 hours at room temperature temperature.
- the solutions of ricin (sample) were diluted with 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containing 0.15 M NaCl, 0.15% PBC-50 and 0.15% polyvinylpyrrolidone 360 (PBP-360).
- a microchip with immobilized ricin (0.1 mg / ml) was used.
- a solution containing detectable ricin was incubated with a solution of Cy3-labeled anti-ricin 1RIC2 monoclonal antibodies (4 ⁇ g / ml) for 2 hours at 37 ° C with stirring.
- the mixture (20 ⁇ l) after incubation was applied to the microchip and kept for 2 hours at 37 °. After washing (0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.1% Tween-20, 15 min, room temperature), the intensity of the fluorescent signals was measured.
- microchips were made with immobilized monoclonal antibodies against ricin 1RK2 and other biotoxins (antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxin B S222, antibodies against tetanus toxin ZD2C6, antibodies against diphtheria toxin 7D9, to control the cross-linking antibodies (0.1 mg / ml), 20 ⁇ l of ricin solution was added, and the chips were incubated at 1 ° C.
- Antibodies against ricin and ricin labeled with Cy3, as well as biotinylated antibodies and the avidin peroxidase conjugate, were obtained by known methods described, for example, in [15].
- the microscope allows you to simultaneously analyze data from all elements of the microchip and to obtain two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the fluorescent signal from the gel elements.
- the chemiluminescent signals were measured using the same fluorescence microscope with the excitation source turned off.
- a plot was made of the dependence of the fluorescence or chemiluminescence intensity on the concentration of ricin in the solution (Fig. 1).
- the ricin detection limit was calculated as the concentration corresponding to the signal intensity, 3 times the background signal spread.
- the fluorescence intensity of the gel cells of the microchip was inversely proportional to the concentration of ricin in the solution (Fig. 1B), and the detection limit was 4 ng / ml.
- FIG. 1 B and D Calibration plots for ricin sandwich analysis with fluorescence and chemiluminescent detection are shown in FIG. 1 B and D.
- the inset in FIG. IB illustrates the determination of the detection limit: the dashed line corresponds to a fluorescence intensity three times the background signal spread, so the lowest concentration of ricin reliably determined by this method is OD ng / ml.
- the detection limit was 0.7 ng / ml.
- nonspecific signals i.e., signals from microchip cells containing antibodies to other toxins, did not differ from background or from signals of empty gel elements.
- Example 2 Identification of proteins on the gel element of the microarray by direct mass spectral analysis.
- Direct analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxin B on a microchip with mass spectral registration A microchip was prepared containing gelled cells immobilized monoclonal antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxin B S222 (0.1 ⁇ g antibodies / gel cell). After polymerization, the microchip was washed with 0.01 M phosphate buffer containing 0.15 M NaCl, 0.1% Tween-20, with stirring for 1 hour (2O 0 C).
- the microchip was incubated with a solution of staphylococcal enterotoxin in 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containing 0.15 M NaCl (20 h, 2O 0 C), and then washed from a protein that was not specifically bound to the gel, first by treatment with 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containing 0.15 M NaCl, OD% Tween-20 (2 hours with stirring, 2O 0 C), then with water.
- the antigen-antibody complex was destroyed and the antigen was eluted on the gel surface by adding 1 ⁇ l of a saturated MALDI monitoring matrix solution (sinapic acid) in a solution of 10% formic acid in 30% aqueous aceto nitrile to each microarray cell.
- a saturated MALDI monitoring matrix solution sinapic acid
- the microchip was kept for 20 min at room temperature in a humid chamber, then dried on a heating table at 4O 0 C.
- Staphylococcal enterotoxin B was identified by its molecular weight of 28,400 Da.
- Table 1 The results of the quantitative immunoassay of various biological toxins on gel microarrays obtained by polymerization immobilization are shown in Table 1.
- an analysis was made of viscumin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, tetanus toxin, diphtheria toxin and lethal factor sib.
- Direct, competitive and sandwich immunoassay with fluorescence and chemiluminescent registration was carried out according to the methods described in Example 1, using the antibodies indicated in Table 1.
- Table 1 also shows the concentration range at which the dependence of the intensity of the fluorescent or chemiluminescent signal of the gel cells of the microchip on the concentration of biotoxin was observed; the lower limit of the interval corresponds to the detection limit calculated as described in Example 1.
- Example 4 Simultaneous analysis of several biotoxins on one microchip.
- the main advantage of microchips over traditional immunoassay methods is the possibility of quantitative analysis of samples simultaneously for the presence of several antigens.
- Microchips with gel elements containing immobilized antibodies to biotoxins ricin, viscumin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, tetanus toxin, diphtheria toxin, lethal anthrax toxin factor
- ricin, viscumin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, tetanus toxin, diphtheria toxin, lethal anthrax toxin factor were obtained.
- the microchip was developed with a mixture of Cy3-labeled secondary antibodies against all b toxins (Fig. 3).
- Antibody pairs for parallel analysis of several toxins were selected so that non-specific interaction with other toxins and antibodies was minimal.
- antibodies against ricin IRKl were used as immobilized, and Rêthl antibodies were used as developing ones, and not vice versa, as in Example 1 for sandwich analysis, since immobilized Rvichl antibodies gave non-specific signals with C3-labeled antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxin B SEB 643. Bright fluorescent signals were observed in gel elements containing the corresponding antibodies.
- the detection limits of biotoxins for parallel analysis were the same as in the determination of each toxin separately (Table 1).
- a sandwich immunoassay of ricin was performed as described in Example 1, but microarrays were incubated with ricin solutions for 1 hour with stirring. Stirring was carried out using a peristaltic pump. For this the microchip was placed in a 50 ⁇ l flow chamber equipped with sample supply tubes. The chamber was attached to a peristaltic pump, and 100 ⁇ l of ricin solution was placed in the system. The sample was mixed by switching the flow direction from the forward to the reverse every 2 seconds; flow rate was 1.5 ml / min. Simultaneously, an analysis was carried out with stirring on 6 microchips, i.e. measurement of 6 samples with various ricin concentrations. After incubation, the microchips showed Cy3-labeled secondary antibodies against ricin.
- the calibration graph for ricin determination by sandwich immunoassay with 1 hour stir was similar to the calibration graph for a sandwich assay with incubation overnight without stirring (Fig. IB).
- the implementation of the mixing of the sample significantly reduced the time of immunoassay using microarrays.
- Microchips with immobilized anti-ricin antibodies were made as described in Example 1.
- the microchips were stored at 1 0 0 C in a humid chamber in the presence of 20% glycerol.
- a sandwich analysis of ricin with fluorescence detection was carried out, a calibration curve was constructed "fluorescence signal intensity - concentration of ricin in solution" and the detection limit of ricin was determined as described in Example 1.
- the detection limit of ricin on microarrays after 6 months. storage was 0.1 ng / ml, i.e. the same as for microchips immediately after manufacture.
- microchips with immobilized antibodies fully retain their activity for at least 6 months. storage. Table 1.
- Table 1 The results of quantitative immunoassay of various biotoxins on a microchip
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WO2014185960A3 (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2015-01-22 | Genomics Usa, Inc. | Composition and methods for entrapping a protein on a surface |
RU2682721C2 (ru) * | 2016-11-17 | 2019-03-21 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Учреждение Науки Институт Молекулярной Биологии Им. В.А. Энгельгардта Российской Академии Наук (Имб Ран) | Биологический микрочип для обнаружения опухолевых экзосом в сыворотке крови человека для диагностики колоректального рака |
CN110819690A (zh) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-02-21 | 广东环凯生物科技有限公司 | 一种金黄色葡萄球菌免疫磁珠洗液 |
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US8092993B2 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2012-01-10 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc | Hydrogel thin film for use as a biosensor |
WO2009134647A2 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-05 | Waters Technologies Corporation | Apparatus and methods for performing photoreactions and analytical methods and devices to detect photo-reacting compounds |
CN111239384A (zh) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-05 | 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学 | 一种破伤风毒素检测试剂盒 |
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RU2216547C2 (ru) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-11-20 | Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта РАН | Способ полимеризационной иммобилизации биологических макромолекул и композиция для его осуществления |
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RU2041261C1 (ru) * | 1993-08-11 | 1995-08-09 | Институт молекулярной биологии им.В.А.Энгельгардта РАН | Способ изготовления матрицы для детектирования мисматчей |
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CA2380075C (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2007-05-29 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Microfabricated devices and method of manufacturing the same using polymer gel |
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- 2004-11-24 US US10/589,143 patent/US20070172904A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JPH0875742A (ja) * | 1994-06-29 | 1996-03-22 | Japan Menburen Technol Kk | 抗原もしくは抗体の免疫測定方法 |
RU2216547C2 (ru) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-11-20 | Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта РАН | Способ полимеризационной иммобилизации биологических макромолекул и композиция для его осуществления |
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Cited By (6)
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WO2014185960A3 (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2015-01-22 | Genomics Usa, Inc. | Composition and methods for entrapping a protein on a surface |
US9751069B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2017-09-05 | Genomics Usa, Inc. | Compositions and methods for entrapping protein on a surface |
US10105674B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2018-10-23 | Genomics Usa, Inc. | Compositions and methods for entrapping protein on a surface |
US11260363B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2022-03-01 | Pure Transplant Solutions L.L.C. | Compositions and methods for entrapping protein on a surface |
RU2682721C2 (ru) * | 2016-11-17 | 2019-03-21 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Учреждение Науки Институт Молекулярной Биологии Им. В.А. Энгельгардта Российской Академии Наук (Имб Ран) | Биологический микрочип для обнаружения опухолевых экзосом в сыворотке крови человека для диагностики колоректального рака |
CN110819690A (zh) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-02-21 | 广东环凯生物科技有限公司 | 一种金黄色葡萄球菌免疫磁珠洗液 |
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EP1816473A4 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
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