WO2006059769A1 - 悪性リンパ腫の診断及び予後診断の方法 - Google Patents
悪性リンパ腫の診断及び予後診断の方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006059769A1 WO2006059769A1 PCT/JP2005/022316 JP2005022316W WO2006059769A1 WO 2006059769 A1 WO2006059769 A1 WO 2006059769A1 JP 2005022316 W JP2005022316 W JP 2005022316W WO 2006059769 A1 WO2006059769 A1 WO 2006059769A1
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
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- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors, particularly malignant lymphoma, and more particularly to a method for diagnosis and prognosis of mantle cell lymphoma.
- Mantle cell lymphoma is characterized by a translocation (11: 4) (ql3: q32) in the BCL1 gene that results in overexpression of CCDN1, and it is characterized by naive pre- germinal centers. center) Presumed to be derived from CD5 + cells (Seto et al., 1992;
- genomic imbalances such as genomic gain / amplification such as 8q, ⁇ , 12q and 18q, and genomic loss / deletion such as lp, 6q, 8p, 9p, lq and 13q.
- MCL mantle cell lymphoma
- deletion of the BIM gene locus region was observed in 5 patient specimens, and deletion was observed in 5 out of 7 cell lines.
- the common deletion region was examined in detail, and it was clarified that the responsible gene of the deletion region was the BIM gene. It was also clarified that the expression was strongly suppressed in response to the gene deletion.
- the BIM gene is an antagonist of the BCL2 gene that has anti-apoptotic effects, and its deletion is caused by anti-apoptosis caused by the BCL2 gene in cells. Since it is envisaged to further enhance the cis function, it is assumed that it plays an important role in tumors and their pathologies.
- BIM gene abnormalities are characteristic of MCL among B-cell malignant lymphomas, but BCL2 is expressed in many tumor cells. Solid tumors may also play an important role in tumorigenesis and pathogenesis.
- the BIM gene can be an indicator of therapeutic response that is highly likely to function as a tumor suppressor gene in tumorigenesis and pathogenesis. In the future, important significance as a therapeutic target molecule may become clear.
- a diagnostic method is provided.
- the malignant tumor may be a malignant lymphoma.
- a disease type determination step of determining a disease type of the malignant lymphoma based on the detection result of the detection step can be provided.
- the disease type in this disease type determination step can be mantle cell lymphoma.
- the detection step may include a detection step of detecting a deletion or mutation in the base sequence of human chromosome 2 ql3.
- the detection step may be a step of detecting a region of human chromosome 2 q13 or a BIM gene defect.
- a treatment responsiveness determining step of determining the therapeutic responsiveness of the malignant tumor based on the detection result in the detecting step can be provided. That is, when there is a deficiency in the region of human chromosome 2 q13 or the BIM gene, it can be diagnosed that the therapeutic response is low.
- the detection step comprises the following steps: BAC RP11-438K19, 35027 bp force, 49920 bp, position 394 to position 597 of the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, and base set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2. This may be a process of detecting a deletion or mutation in any of positions 214 to 417 in the sequence.
- the detection step may be a step of using any one of BIM gene in the sample, mRNA and cDNA expressed from the BIM gene.
- This detection step can include a step of performing a PCR method, an RT-PCR method, or a nucleic acid hybridization. Further, this detection step includes a step of hybridizing the probe and the nucleic acid sample obtained from the analyte on an array having one or more probes complementary to at least a part of the BIM gene. Can do.
- the detection step is a step of performing an array CGH method.
- the detection step may be a step of detecting the presence / absence, expression level, or mutation of the protein encoded by the BIM gene.
- a marker for diagnosing malignant tumor which is a polynucleotide having a BIM gene, a part thereof, or a complementary nucleotide sequence thereto.
- the diagnostic marker includes both a compound serving as a diagnostic index and a compound capable of detecting the compound by marking a compound serving as a diagnostic index.
- a BIM gene can be a compound that serves as a diagnostic indicator
- a polynucleotide having a complementary base sequence can be a compound that can mark the BIM gene.
- This marker can have the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, which is the protein translation region of the BIM gene.
- this marker is a polynucleotide having at least a part of positions 394 to 597 of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or positions 214 to 417 of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or a complementary base sequence thereto. It may be a nucleotide.
- such polynucleotides may be used as probes or primers.
- a marker for diagnosing malignant tumor which is a protein encoded by the BIM gene, a part thereof, or an antibody against them.
- a diagnostic array for malignant tumors comprising human second dye
- An array to which nucleic acid probes for detecting defects or mutations in the chromophore ql3 are immobilized is provided.
- the probe can be a nucleic acid probe for detecting a deletion or mutation of the BIM gene. Further, the nucleic acid probe has at least a part of positions 394 to 597 of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or positions 214 to 417 of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or a complementary base sequence thereto. You may have.
- a diagnostic kit for the diagnostic method comprising a nucleic acid probe for detecting a BIM gene deletion or mutation.
- a diagnostic kit is provided.
- the diagnostic kit may include a probe for detecting defects in various regions on the chromosome.
- a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma which is a coding region of a BIM gene or a homologous protein having an activity of a protein encoded by the BIM gene.
- a pharmaceutical composition containing a DNA construct having a region is provided.
- a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma wherein a protein encoded by the BIM gene or a homologous protein having the activity of the protein encoded by the BIM gene is used.
- a pharmaceutical composition is provided.
- a prognostic diagnosis method for a patient with mantle cell lymphoma wherein the sample collected from the patient is used in human chromosome 6 ql6.2 to q27.
- a method is provided for carrying out the steps of detecting a deletion or mutation, a deletion or mutation in human chromosome 8 pl2 to p23.2 and an amplification or mutation in human chromosome ql3.2 to q24.22.
- the detection step includes a step of detecting the deletion or amplification by hybridization of a probe including a region on the chromosome and the nucleic acid sample of the patient collected from the patient. can do.
- the probe can be a BAC clone and a Z or PAC clone.
- the detection step can be performed on a solid support.
- the detection step may be a step of performing an array CGH method.
- the detection step may be a step of detecting c-MYC gene amplification, expression enhancement, or mutation.
- the detection step may be a step of using either the c-MYC gene or the mRNA and cDNA expressed from the c-MYC gene in the specimen.
- This detection step can include a step of performing PCR, RT-PCR, or nucleic acid hybridization.
- this detection step hybridizes the probe and the nucleic acid sample obtained from the specimen on an array comprising one or more probes complementary to at least a part of the c-MYC gene. Steps may be included.
- the detection step may be a step of detecting the presence / absence, expression level, or mutation of the protein encoded by the c-MYC gene.
- an array for prognosis of mantle cell lymphoma comprising human chromosome 6 ql6.2-q27, human chromosome 8 pl2-p23.2 and human 8
- An array is provided on which any of the probes for detecting chromosomes ql3.2 to q24.22 are immobilized.
- the probe for detecting human chromosome 8 ql3.2 to q24.22 may be a probe capable of detecting c-MYC gene.
- human chromosome 6 ql6.2 to q27, human chromosome 8 p12 to p23.2 and human chromosome 8 ql3.2 to q24.22 are detected.
- a prognostic diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma which is a polynucleotide such as a probe primer (set)
- the polynucleotide may be a c-MYC gene or one of them.
- a polynucleotide having a partial or complementary base sequence may be used.
- a marker for prognosis of mantle cell lymphoma which is a protein encoded by the cMYC gene, a part thereof, or an antibody thereto.
- a diagnostic kit for the prognosis method for mantle cell lymphoma wherein the diagnosis includes at least one prognosis marker for mantle cell lymphoma.
- a kit is provided.
- a pharmaceutical composition for treating mantle cell lymphoma comprising a nucleic acid construct that suppresses expression of cMYC gene.
- FIG. 1 shows a typical genomic profile for individual tumor patients. The whole genome profile of a representative patient sample and (b) SP-53 cell line is shown! /. The Log2 ratio is plotted for all clones based on their location on the chromosome, with a vertical line indicating chromosome segregation. BAC and PAC are arranged from the left lp telomer to the right Xq telomer based on their genomic positions. (A) Copy number gain region: 5p, 7p21.3, 13q21.33, 17q21.31 to q24.3 and copy number loss region: 1 ⁇ 32, 2pl l .2, 2ql3, 8 ⁇ 12 to ⁇ 23.3, 8ql2. ql3.
- FIG. 2 Shows the frequency of genome-wide copy number changes in 29 patients.
- the clones were arranged in the order of chromosomes 1 to 22 and in each chromosome based on their anger Center mapping position, May 2004 version.
- FIG. 3 shows genomic profiles on chromosome 2 of patient samples (G468) and three MCL cell lines (SP-53, Z-138 and Jeko-1). When the Log2 ratio is +0.2 or higher, the genome copy number gain is used. When the Log2 ratio is less than 0.2, the genome copy number loss is used. The physical distance (Mb) from 2q centromer is shown.
- the vertical line indicates the largest defective site on chromosome 2 of BAC43 8K19 containing the BIM gene.
- the Log2 ratio is -0.59 (G468), -2.75 (SP—53), —1.71 (Z—138) and —1.76 (jek o— 1), and homozygous at the BIM locus Suggests a sexual defect.
- FIG. 4 Shows the minimal common region of homozygous deficiency and BIM gene expression in 2ql3.
- A Schematic diagram of deletion patterns of BAC438K19, BIM gene exon and three cell lines (SP-53, Z-138 and Jeko-1). Gray box: Exon (BIM EL gene and BIM L gene open reading frame).
- the open reading frame (597bp) of the BIM EL gene consists of three etasons, exon 1:75, 082—75, 475bp (394 bp) (including the start codon (ATG)), exon 2:49, 074—49, Contains 177 bp (104 bp) and exon 3:34, 990-35, 088 bp (99 bp) (including stop codon (TGA)), all on BAC438K19.
- Black and white circles Probes used for Southern blots. Dotted line with white cycle: Homozygous defect (band negative). Black, thick line with circle: non-homozygous defect (band positive). Thin line: No homozygous defect has been confirmed.
- Probe 1 bands human placenta (+), SP-53 (-), Gran ta519 (+), Z-138 (+), REC-1 (+), NCEB-l (+), Jeko-1 (one ) And JV M2 (+) o probe 4 bands: human placenta (+), SP-53 (—), Granta519 (+), Z—138 (—), REC— 1 (+), NCEB— l (+ ), Jeko— 1 (+ Z—) and JVM2 (+).
- Probe 5-6 bands human placenta (+), SP-53 (—), Granta519 (+), Z—138 (—), 1 ⁇ : Ji 1 (+),? ⁇ 8—1 (+), 1 «) — 1 (+) and 1 ⁇ 2 (+).
- control console is a typical control of probe 3 (TCR j8 probe) under the band of probe 6. A troll band is shown.
- C Northern blot analysis of BIM gene of 7 MCL cell lines, B lymphoma (Karpas231) and Burkitt lymphoma (Raji) cell lines. Control with j8—ac tin.
- FIG. 5 shows a Southern plot and FISH analysis result of a patient sample (G468).
- B Two-color FISH analysis using probe A and probe B for G468.
- Probe A BAC438K19
- Probe B BAC368A17
- Probe B is 1.55 Mb telomeric to probe A and BAC438K19 contains the BI M gene.
- the interphase chromosomes had two pairs of red signals (probe B, red) and a pair of green signals (probe A, green), indicating a heterozygous loss for probe A.
- FIG. 6 (a) shows the force-plan Meyer survival curve of mantle cell lymphoma with and without 6q21 deficiency, 8p23 amplification, and 8q24 amplification.
- the horizontal axis represents the number of survival days, and the vertical axis represents the survival probability.
- Figure 6 (b) shows the force-plan Meyer survival curve for mantle cell lymphoma with and without the lq22 and 9p22 defects.
- the method for diagnosing malignant tumor of the present invention comprises human chromosome 1 p36.23 to p36.32, human chromosome 1 q42.2 to q43, human chromosome 2 pi 1.2, human chromosome 2 ql 3, Human chromosome 17 pi 1.2 to pl3.3 and rabbit chromosome 19 pi 3.2 to pl3.3, comprising a step of detecting defects or mutations in one or more selected species It is characterized by.
- a patient sample of a malignant tumor is applied! When such a detection step is performed and a homozygous or heterozygous defect is found in the chromosomal region, it can be diagnosed as a malignant tumor.
- MCL cell lines show a higher grade of malignancy than MCL case specimens. Therefore, detection of a deficiency or mutation in 2q13 is useful for diagnosing a malignant tumor, particularly a B-cell malignant lymphoma, such as MCL, which has a high grade of malignancy.
- human chromosome 19 pi3.2 in human chromosome 19 pl3.2 it is preferable to detect the deletion or mutation of 1. This is because these areas are more frequent.
- Various methods can be employed to detect defects or mutations in various regions on these chromosomes. For example, it can be detected by hybridization using a nucleic acid sample collected from a patient and a probe that hybridizes with various regions on these chromosomes. Nucleic acid samples of case strength can be obtained from patients' lymphoma specimens by standard DNA extraction methods. On the other hand, the probe should be one that hybridizes at least part of the region on the chromosome. As the DNA probe, a BAC clone and / or a PAC clone corresponding to the chromosomal region can be used. Examples of various regions and clones on these chromosomes are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the form of the hybridization is not particularly limited. Even a liquid phase reaction may be a method using a solid phase carrier such as a bead or a substrate.
- a DNA probe such as a clone immobilized on a solid phase carrier such as a chip can be used.
- the solid phase carrier on which the DNA probe as described above is immobilized include a DNA array.
- the immobilized form of the probe is not particularly limited, and includes an immobilized form by various bonds such as covalent bond and non-covalent bond such as Z or electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction.
- an array used for array CGH can be used as an array to which such probes are fixed.
- a solid phase carrier on which such a probe is immobilized is also provided.
- the solid support is a flat substrate such as a slide glass, and the probe-immobilized support is a DNA microarray.
- the responsible gene for deletion of 2ql3 has been identified as the BIM gene.
- a BIM gene deficiency or mutation may be detected for detection of a 2ql3 deficiency or mutation.
- a BIM gene deficiency or mutation can be detected not only by the BIM gene deficiency in the sample itself but also by the level of expression of the BIM gene.
- the expression level of the BIM gene in the specimen sample is small compared to the sample of a healthy subject, it can be diagnosed as a malignant tumor type with high malignancy such as MCL. .
- the case where the expression level of the BIM gene in the specimen sample is small compared to the sample of a healthy person is, for example, preferably 60% or less of the expression level of a healthy person, more preferably 50% or less. More preferably, it is 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less.
- the detection of a defect or mutation in the BIM gene can use any of BIM gene, mRNA expressed from the BIM gene, and cDNA expressed in a specimen sample.
- These nucleic acid materials can be obtained by known nucleic acid sample acquisition or amplification methods such as PCR and RT-PCR. Primers used in the PCR method that can amplify the BIM gene or a part thereof can be designed based on the sequence of the BIM gene.
- the protein translation region of the BIM gene is the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, or the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, positions 394 to 597 and position 214 of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the base length of the primer is preferably 15-40 bases, desirably 15-30 bases. However, when performing LA (long accurate) PCR, it is preferable to use at least 30 bases. It is preferable to select a base sequence so that the sense strand and the antisense strand are not annealed with each other, and the formation of a hairpin-like structure can be avoided.
- the detection or deletion of the BIM gene using these nucleic acid samples can be performed by quantitative PCR such as ReaKTime PCR using an appropriate primer capable of amplifying the BIM gene.
- deletion or mutation of the BIM gene is a process that specifically hybridizes to the BIM gene. It is preferable to use a hybridization using a lobe.
- a probe complementary to at least a part of the BIM gene can be used. The probe need not be completely complementary to the gene as long as it specifically hybridizes to the nucleic acid sample from the BIM gene.
- Such a slightly mutated polynucleotide is a site-specific mutation (Current protocols in Molecular Biology, edited by Ausubel et al., 1987), John Wiley & Sons, 8.1—8–3 Hayano, PCR (Current protocols in Molecular Biology, Ausubel et al.
- the probe hybridizes with a nucleic acid sample derived from the BIM gene under stringent conditions.
- the stringent condition is a condition that enables selective and detectable specific binding between the probe and the nucleic acid sample.
- Stringent conditions are defined by salt concentration, organic solvent (eg, formamide), temperature, and other known conditions. That is, stringency increases depending on whether the salt concentration is decreased, the organic solvent concentration is increased, or the hybridization temperature is increased.
- stringent salt concentrations are typically about 750 mM or less NaCl and about 75 mM or less trisodium citrate, more preferably about 500 mM or less NaC1 and about 50 mM or less trisodium citrate, most preferably about 250 mM or less NaCl. It is less than about 25 mM trisodium acid.
- the stringent organic solvent concentration is about 35% or more of formamide, most preferably about 50% or more.
- Stringent temperature conditions are about 30 ° C or higher, more preferably about 37 ° C or higher, and most preferably about 42 ° C or higher. Other conditions include hybridization time, detergent concentration (eg, SDS), and presence / absence of carrier DNA. By combining these conditions, various stringencies are set.
- hybridization conditions described above are merely examples, and those skilled in the art will consider conditions such as the nucleotide sequence, concentration and length of the probe, reaction time, reaction temperature, and reagent concentration. Appropriate nobbreviation conditions can be set.
- the probe may be appropriately labeled as necessary.
- labeling it is preferable to use the force non-RI method which can be performed by radioisotope (RI) method or non-RI method. Yes.
- the non-RI method include a fluorescent labeling method, a piotine labeling method, a chemiluminescence method, and the like.
- the BIM gene In order to detect a deletion or mutation of the BIM gene, for example, it can be analyzed using in situ neutralization, Northern blot, dot blot, DNA array, or the like.
- the form of hybridization in such a method is not particularly limited.
- a liquid phase reaction or a method using a solid support such as a bead or a substrate may be used.
- a detection method using hybridization preferably, a DNA probe immobilized on a solid phase carrier such as a chip or a bead can be used.
- the solid phase carrier on which the DNA probe is immobilized include a DNA array (DNA chip).
- the probe immobilization form is not particularly limited, and includes immobilization forms of various types of covalent bonds and Z or non-covalent bonds such as electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. It may be fixed on a solid phase carrier.
- deletion or mutation in 2ql3 is detected by BAC RP11-438K19, 35027bp force, 49920bp, ⁇ ⁇ IJ No.1, positions 394 to 597 and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ It can also be carried out as a step of detecting a deletion or mutation at positions 214 to 417 of the base sequence described in No. 2. That is, these regions are DNA regions that are deficient in cell lines in which 2ql3 deficiency and decreased BIM gene expression are observed in the MCL cell line in the Northern blot (see Examples).
- the base sequence in the predetermined range in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 is a part of the coding region of BIM protein.
- a marker for diagnosing malignant tumor having a region on various chromosomes such as 2ql3, a BIM gene, a part thereof, or a complementary base sequence thereto.
- a marker is preferably a nucleic acid molecule such as a polynucleotide capable of detecting these various regions and defects or mutations of the BIM gene.
- nucleic acid molecules are examples include polynucleotides having various chromosome regions or parts thereof or nucleotide sequences complementary to these, BIM genes or parts thereof or polynucleotides having nucleotide sequences complementary to these.
- the polynucleotide is preferably DNA.
- nucleic acid molecules such as probes and primers having a nucleotide sequence complementary to a region on various chromosomes or a part thereof or a BIM gene or a part thereof can be preferably used as a diagnostic reagent.
- a probe or a DNA microarray on which the probe is immobilized is also provided.
- a diagnostic kit comprising such a primer set is also provided.
- a BIM gene deficiency or mutation may be detected by detecting the presence or absence, expression level or mutation of the protein encoded by the BIM gene.
- an antibody specific for such a protein can be used.
- a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody can be used. It may be an antibody molecule or a part thereof.
- serum can be obtained after immunizing an animal using a protein or a partial fragment thereof as an immunogen.
- the above eukaryotic expression vector can be prepared by introducing serum into a muscle or skin of an animal by injection or gene gun and then collecting the serum.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be prepared by known monoclonal antibody production methods (“monoclonal antibodies”, Kamei Nagamune, Hiroaki Terada, Yodogawa Shoten, 1990; “Monoclonal Antibody” James W. Goding, third edition, Academic Press. , 1996).
- the antibody may be appropriately labeled with a labeling substance!
- a labeling substance an enzyme, a radioisotope or a fluorescent dye can be used.
- the enzyme include, but are not limited to, enzymes used in normal EIA, such as peroxidase, ⁇ -galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Malate dehydrogenase or the like can also be used.
- an enzyme inhibitor, a coenzyme, etc. can also be used. Binding of these enzymes and antibodies can be performed by a known method using a cross-linking agent such as maleimide compound.
- a known substance can be used depending on the type of enzyme used.
- fluorescence As the dye, those used in the usual fluorescent antibody method such as fluorescens isothiocyanate (FITC) or tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) can be used.
- FITC fluorescens isothiocyanate
- TRITC tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate
- immunostaining such as tissue or cell staining, competitive or noncompetitive radioimmunoassay (RIA), fluorescent immunoassay (Various detection methods such as FIA), luminescent immunoassay (LIA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA, ELI SA) can be used.
- the antigen-antibody reaction in such a measurement method may be performed in a liquid phase or a solid phase.
- the antigen-antibody reaction product is preferably separated.
- a solid support such as a chromatography, a bead or a plate may be used. Western blotting techniques may also be used.
- ELISA method etc. can be used.
- a marker for diagnosis of a malignant tumor comprising BIM protein or a part thereof or an antibody against them.
- antibodies are preferred as detection reagents for detecting such proteins.
- a kit for diagnosing a malignant tumor containing such an antibody is provided.
- the diagnostic kit of the present invention may contain an antibody or a labeled antibody in the liquid phase, or may be one in which the antibody or the labeled antibody is bound to a solid phase carrier. It may also contain an immobilized antigen or part thereof.
- the diagnostic kit may contain the substrate.
- a washing solution for washing away non-bound molecules from the solid phase may be contained.
- it can contain components that can generally be included in diagnostic kits containing antibodies.
- the pharmaceutical composition for treating MCL of the present invention comprises a DNA construct having a coding region of a BIM gene or a homologous protein coding region having the activity of a protein encoded by the BIM gene. It is. According to the present inventors, the malignancy of malignant tumors has increased due to the lack of the BIM gene. Therefore, suppression of MCL progression is expected by supplementing BIM protein in MCL patients.
- the BIM gene is expressed by introducing the DNA construct into a patient using a vector or the like. It is preferable. Therefore, the vector can be used as a pharmaceutical composition by retaining the coding region in a known vector. Furthermore, by producing cells that can express the coding region by such vectors or by other transfection methods, these cells can be used as a pharmaceutical composition.
- a protein encoded by the BIM gene or the like can be used as it is as a pharmaceutical composition.
- the formulation and administration of such a pharmaceutical composition can be produced by those skilled in the art by selecting an appropriate dosage form and selecting a dose as appropriate.
- the pharmaceutical composition can directly introduce the DNA using a viral vector such as a retrovirus vector, an adenovirus vector, an adeno-associated virus vector, or a ribosome.
- the target DNA or the like can be administered to a patient using these methods by ex vivo method or in vivo method.
- the sample collected from the patient force is a defect in human chromosome 6 ql6.2 to q27, a defect in human chromosome 8 pl2 to p23.2 and a human.
- Chromosome 8 ql3.2.2 to q24.22 has a step of detecting any of the amplifications. Then, any of the following determination steps (a) to (c) can be performed.
- This method may comprise a step of detecting the deletion or amplification by hybridization of a probe including a region on the chromosome and a nucleic acid sample of the patient collected from the patient.
- probes can be BAC clones and Z or PAC clones.
- BAC clones RP11-60O19
- BAC clones RP11-240A17
- BAC clones RP11-1136L8
- PAC clones RP1-80K22
- a probe-immobilized solid phase carrier for prognosis diagnosis of an MCL patient to which any of these probes is immobilized.
- a typical example is a DNA microarray.
- primers (sets) that can amplify these chromosomal regions and probes that hybridize to these regions.
- the responsible gene of the amplified region in 8q24 is the c-MYC gene. Therefore, the prognosis can be diagnosed by detecting the expression level of the c-MYC gene in the same manner as the BIM gene already described. That is, it can be said that the expression level of this gene is higher in patients than in healthy individuals, and sometimes the prognosis is poor. Specifically, it is 10% or more, preferably 30% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and still more preferably 100% or more compared to the expression level of healthy individuals.
- the detection step can be a step of detecting amplification, expression enhancement or mutation of the c-MYC gene.
- the detection step may be a step of using either the c-MYC gene or the mRNA and cDNA expressed from the c-MYC gene in the specimen.
- the detection step may be a step of detecting the presence / absence, expression level or mutation of the protein encoded by the c-MYC gene.
- the present invention also includes prognostic markers such as arrays, primers, probes, and antibodies, and prognostic kits that can be used in these embodiments.
- C-MY MCL prognostic array with probe capable of detecting C gene, c MYC gene or a part of it or a polynucleotide having a complementary base sequence Probe or primer (set) for prognosis of MCL It may be a marker.
- the diagnostic marker may be a protein encoded by the c-MYC gene, a part thereof, or an antibody against them. Further included are diagnostic kits containing at least one of these prognostic markers.
- the pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of MCL of the present invention is characterized by containing a nucleic acid construct that suppresses the expression of the cMYC gene.
- the prognosis of MCL is poor because the c-MYC gene is amplified. Therefore, suppression of the progression of MCL is expected by suppressing the expression of cMYC protein in MCL patients.
- nucleic acid constructs capable of suppressing the expression of the c-MYC gene by antisense or RNA interference can be used.
- nucleic acid constructs include antisense nucleic acid methods that inhibit transcription by interactions such as hybridization with DNA encoding genes, etc., and antisense nucleic acids that inhibit transcription or translation by interactions such as hybridization with RNA such as mRNA.
- nucleic acid constructs such as RNA interference method, decoy nucleic acid method, ribozyme method, etc. that degrade transcripts or inhibit translation based on interactions such as hybridization with transcripts such as mRNA.
- Abutama can also be introduced by electo-poration.
- nucleic acid in the nucleic acid construct that suppresses gene expression means a polynucleotide such as deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid.
- the term also includes single stranded (DNA or RNA, sense or antisense) or double stranded polynucleotide (DNA or RNA).
- DNA-RNA oligonucleotides double-stranded
- DNA-RNA chimeric oligonucleotides single-stranded
- peptide nucleic acids and morpholino oligonucleotides.
- polynucleotide may be naturally or artificially modified.
- a nucleic acid construct capable of expressing RNA interference is the mRN of such a target gene. It is constructed so that expression of these target genes can be suppressed targeting at least a part of transcripts such as A.
- a nucleic acid construct is an RNA construct having a double-stranded structure of oligoribonucleotides that hybridize to each other. Specifically, each having an overhanging 3 ′ end is relatively short !, a single that forms (or has) a double-stranded oligonucleotide (small interfering RNA: siRNA) and a hairpin structure. Of oligoribonucleotides (short hairpin RNA: shRNA). These RNA constructs are preferred in that they can cause direct RNA interference.
- RNA constructs of single-stranded oligonucleotide ribonucleotides that do not form a hairpin structure can also express RNA interference.
- nucleic acid construct is an embodiment of the RNA construct of the above-described embodiment, that is, a vector encoding the siRNA or shRNA so that it can be expressed.
- the nucleic acid construct of such an embodiment is preferable in that continuous RNA interference can be realized.
- the shRNA expression vector can be constructed so that a continuous single-stranded RNA capable of constructing shRNA by intracellular transcription is transcribed from the antisense sequence and the other loop sequence of the sense sequence.
- the siRNA expression vector should be constructed so that RNA having a predetermined sense sequence and antisense sequence is transcribed.
- the sense sequence and antisense sequence may be expressed by a single vector, or different vector forces may be expressed.
- the pharmaceutical composition can directly introduce the DNA using a viral vector such as a retrovirus vector, an adenovirus vector, an adeno-associated virus vector, or a ribosome.
- a viral vector such as a retrovirus vector, an adenovirus vector, an adeno-associated virus vector, or a ribosome.
- the target DNA or the like can be administered to a patient using these methods by ex vivo method or in vivo method.
- the immunological phenotype of the tumor was determined by immunohistochemistry of the tissue pieces and flow cytometry of sputum or cell suspension. These studies include Ig light and heavy chains and some B cells (CD19, CD20, CD22, CD45RA and CD79a) and T cells (CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7, CD4, CD8, CD45RO and CD43 markers) CDND and CD23 were used, and CCND1 expression was analyzed in all specimens by Northern blot analysis and Z or immunohistochemistry (Suzuki et al., 1999) All samples used in this example were B It had a cell phenotype and expressed CD5, indicating overexpression of CCND1.
- MCL-derived cell lines SP-53, Granta519, Z-138, REC-1, NCEB-1, jeko-1, and JVM2 were used. All these MCL cell lines have morphologies, immunological phenotypes, and Z or interphase cytogenetics (detection of t (l: 4) (ql3; q32)) (Saltman et al., 1988; Amin et al , 2003; Jeon et al., 1998). Previous The JVM2 cell line derived from lymphocyte leukemia and carrying the gene translocation of t (11; 4) (q13; q32) was also used in the examples.
- the Karpas231 cell line derived from follicular lymphoma (FCL) and carrying the t (14; 18) (q32; q21) gene translocation, is a Dr. Abraham Karpas of Medical Research Council Center, Hills Road, Courtesy of Cambridge, UK (Nachva et al., 1993), and the Raji cell line is derived from Burkitt lymphoma.
- High molecular weight DNA was extracted by lymph node strength in 29 patients with standard proteinase KZRNAse treatment and phenol'form extraction. Normal DNA was obtained from a healthy male blood donor. The RNA was also homogenized in guam-dithiothionate, and cell line strength was also prepared by centrifugation through cesium chloride.
- the array used in the examples contains 2348 BAC and PAC clones, covering the human genome with a resolution of approximately 1.3 Mb, RP11 and RP13 libraries for BAC clones, and RP1 for PAC clones. Based on the RP3, RP4 and RP5 libraries.
- BAC and PAC clones are available from NCBI (http: ⁇ www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), Ensemblome Data Resources (http://www.ensembl.org/) and UC3 ⁇ 4C genome Bioinfomati cs (http: // www selected based on information in .ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /), and BACPAC Resource Center at the Children's Hospital (Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, A).
- the chromosomes were arranged in the range of each chromosome in the order of chromosome 1 to chromosome 22 and X chromosome based on Ensembl Genome Data Resources from the Sanger Center Institute, February 2004 version.
- the position of all clones used in the array CGH was confirmed by fluorescence insight hybridization (FISH). The name of the clone and the chromosomal location are provided on request.
- FISH fluorescence insight hybridization
- a cage for degenerate oligonucleotide primer PCR contained 10 ng of BAC (or PAC) DNA.
- DOP PCR products precipitated with ethanol And then dissolved in a DNA spot solution DSP0050 (Matsunami Glass Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) and mechanically placed on a CodeLink TM activated slide (Amersham Biosciences, Piscata way, NJ). Spotting was performed in duplicate by an inkjet method using NGK (NGK, Nagoya, Japan).
- the DNA ⁇ pot was automatically divided and the signal intensity was determined by subtracting the local background, followed by the signals of the two dyes (Cy3 intensity ZCy5 intensity) Intensity ratios are calculated for each spot and converted to log ratios in the order of their positions on the chromosome on the etachel sheet.
- a value including 1.0 of homo loss / deletion was set to 1.0.
- Probes 1-6 were designed based on BAC438K19 genomic DNA to detect 2ql3 target genes.
- the length of BAC438K19 (Accession No. AC096670) is 179497bp.
- Probes 7 and 8 were designed based on the genomic DNA of BAC368A17 (BAC438K19 (against 1.55 Mb telomeric)) and BAC537E18 (BAC438K19 [against 1.85 Mb centromeric), respectively].
- Probes 1-8 used for the Southern blot were amplified by PCR using 8 primer pairs based on human placenta DNA. The primer pairs used for PCR were as follows. Probes 1-6 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 3-8, and primer pairs for probes 1-8 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 9-24.
- Probes 2-4 contained the open reading frame of BIM! /.
- BIM BIM EL
- BIM L BIM alpha
- BIM beta BIM gannma
- the open reading frame (597 bp) of BIM EL contains the etason of these variants
- probe 4 contains the start codon (ATG) of BIM (BIM EL and BIM L)
- probe 2 Contains the BIM stop codon (TGA).
- Amplification was performed with a thermal cycler (Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Norwalk, CT). PCR was performed according to the touchdown PCR method (Motegi et al., 2000). 10 cycles of denaturation (94 ° C, 0.5 min), annealing (63 ° C, 0.5 min, 1 ° C decrease every 2 cycles) and extension (72 ° C, 2.5 min) This was followed by 25 cycles of denaturation (94 ° C, 0.5 min), annealing (58 ° C, 0.5 min) and extension (72 ° C, 2.5 min), followed by 72 ° C, 5 min. Final extension in minutes. The basic annealing temperature for the reaction was 63 ° C to 58 ° C.
- PCR products were separated by electrophoresis and purified with the QIA Quick TM Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen).
- TA cloning on the purified PCR product was performed using pBluescriptll SK (-) and sequenced with ABI PRISM TM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, VA). Digest 10 ⁇ g of genomic DNA sample with BamHl (probes 1 and 6) or Hindlll (probes 2-4) for 16 hours, and then add 0.8% agarose gel (1 xTBE).
- the gel is prepared in 0.25 MHC1 for 30 minutes, 1.5 M NaCl / 0.5 M NaOH [this 30 minutes f3 ⁇ 4, and further, 0.5 M Tris (pH 7.4) /1.5 M NaCl [this 30 minutes [3 ⁇ 4, Kawajiji Soaked.
- HybondN + membrane (Amersham Pharm acia Biotech, Tokyo, Japan) were washed and transferred to, at 65 ° C [ ⁇ - 32 P] dCTP -labeled probes 1-8 toe ⁇ hybrida I was allowed to Subsequently, it was washed with 2 ⁇ SSC, then with SSC—0.1% N-lauryl sacrocin reduced in concentration at 65 ° C., and finally exposed to BioMax TM MS film (EKC, Rochester, NY).
- Northern blots were performed on 7 MCL cell lines, Karpas231 (FCL) and Raji (Burkitt lymphoma) using BIM EL cDNA.
- the probe used for Northern blotting was performed by RT-PCR method using the following primer pair (SEQ ID NO: 25, 26). sense: 5 -atggcaaagcaaccttctgatgta-3
- BIM EL cDNA (open reading frame, 597 bp) was prepared from fetal brain cDNA.
- Interphase chromosomes were prepared from paraffin-embedded samples (G468) and cell lines. Two-color FIS H analysis was performed according to previous reports (Nomura et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2004). Probe A: BAC438K19 (green) and probe B: BAC368A17 (red) were used.
- Array CGH has a small region for amplification and deletion, as well as whole chromosomes. It was also possible to detect the contour of the boundary region between amplification and defect. Small amplicons originating from clones containing known oncogenes were easily detected as if they were small! /, Homozygous deletions.
- Regions with recurrent gain are 3ql3. Il to q29, 6p21.32 to p25.3, 7pl4.3 to p22.3, 8ql3.2 to q24 of the chromosome. 22, 10pl2. I to pl2. 2 and 17q23.2 to q24.1, and regions with frequent defects (more than 5 cases) are 1 ⁇ 36.23 to p36.32, lpll.2 to p31.3, lq42 .2 to (!
- I ⁇ pl2.2 ( 21%) and 17q23.2 ⁇ q24.1 is a (17 0/0), deficient [tips! / ⁇ or Te, 2pll.2 (83%), llq22.3 to q23.1 (59%), 13ql4.3 to q21.1 (55%), lp21.3 to p22.1 (52%), 13q34 (52%), 9q22.33 to q31.1 ( 45%), 17pl3.3 (45%), 9p21.3 to p22.1 (41%), 9p24.2 to p24.3 (41%), 6q23.2 to q24.1 (38%), lp36.
- Table 1 Frequent and highest frequency regions of gain and loss on the genome.
- a gain or loss region is defined as a clone that exhibits high copy number (log ratio> + 1.0) or homozygous loss even if at least 3 clones showing gain or loss are continuous or not continuous : Frequent areas are defined as areas observed in 5 or more cases.
- b The highest frequency region of gain or loss was defined as the most frequent region in the frequent region.
- c The region is arranged based on the position on the chromosome.
- d Based on Sanger Center Institute, February 2004 version.
- e An example of a clone showing the highest frequency gain or loss in the highest frequency region. When clones that show the highest frequency gain or loss have the same rate of genomic abnormalities within the highest frequency region, clones that contain tumor-related genes Shown above the screen.
- f Gene contained in a representative clone.
- b Number of patients with 2 or more homozygous defects.
- c Number of cell lines showing homozygous defects in 2 or more cases.
- d Number indicating homozygosity and heterozygosity loss (compared to log—0.2).
- Genomic imbalances generally occur more frequently in MCL cell lines than in patients.
- the example patient sample showed a heterozygous defect as well.
- a partial genomic profile of each chromosome 2 of the patient sample (G468) and cell lines SP-53, Z-138 and jeko-1 is shown in FIG.
- the most defective locus in 2q is BAC RP11-438K19 (BAC438K19), which contains two genes BIM and ACOXL (Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene).
- the former is a BH3-only, Bel-2 family member single protein that promotes apoptosis (0, Conner et al., 1998).
- the latter function is known. Since there is no information on the target gene in 2ql3 with homozygous deficiency, the next step is to find the target gene candidate by searching for the minimal common region of deficiency in 2ql3. did.
- the minimal common region of 2ql3 homozygous defects in these cell lines extends at least from probe 2 to 3 (15 kb), and at most from probe 1 to probe 4 (45 kb).
- this region does not contain any other genes that contain the open reading frame of the BIM gene. Southern blot analysis was performed on seven MCL cell lines using BAC, RP11-368A17 (probe 7) -derived probe and BAC, RP11-537E18 (probe 8).
- BAC, RP11-368A17 (BAC368A17) is a 1.55 Mb telomeric clone for BAC438K19
- BAC, RP11-537E18 (BAC537 E18) is a 1.85 Mb centromeric clone for BAC438K10.
- the bands of probes 7 and 8 are positive in all MCL cell lines (data not shown), and the homozygous defective region of each cell line (SP-53, Z-138 and Jeko-1) is It was found to be 3.4 Mb at the maximum.
- Southern blot analysis was performed on available patient samples (Fig. 5a), and a heterozygous defect pattern was found at 2ql3.
- array CGH shows a heterozygous pattern at 2q13 !, but Northern blot analysis showed BIM in these two cell lines due to genetic effects. The gene mRNA was clearly suppressed! BIM gene was normally expressed in Granta519 and JVM2, which did not show any gene deletion in 2ql3.
- BAC438K19 and BAC368A17 (1.55 Mb telomeric against BAC438K19) and BAC438K19 and BAC537E18 (1.85 Mb centromeric against BAC438K10) in three MCL cell lines (SP-53, Z-138 and je Two-color FISH was performed on ko-1) and patient sample (G468). These three clones were placed next to each other on an array CGH glass slide.
- Figure 5b shows the results of two-color FISH of BAC438K19 and BAC368A17 on a patient sample (G468). The FISH results (data not shown) for these three cell lines were in good agreement with the array CGH data.
- TP53 mutations in MCL are well known genomic alterations and associated with various cellular mutations and poor prognosis (Greiner et al., 1996; Hernandez et al, 1996), our findings are 17pl3 It was shown that other tumor suppressor genes in 3 may be associated with the development of lymphoma.
- the biological value of Array CGH's high resolution of analysis includes specific oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and may have low levels, high levels of amplified copy number, homozygous deficiency Can be detected.
- BIM gene is a proapoptotic member of the BCL2 family and is a major physiological antagonist of BCL2, particularly in the hematopoietic system (Bouillet et al., 2002), Enders et al. Recently reported that B lymphocytes lacking the BIM gene are resistant to apoptosis induced by binding to B cell receptors in vitro (Enders et al.). al, 2003). Finally, Egle et al., Using Bim- Z- and Bim + Z- ⁇ — Myc mice, found that BIM gene deficiency is the beginning of tumor formation (Egle et al. These findings suggest that the BIM gene is a tumor suppressor gene.
- Figure 6 shows the prognostic curve for the gain or loss of a specific clone. That is, for 29 cases, the relationship between specific gain or loss and prognosis (survival status) was examined using force-plan-Meier survival curves and the mouth-rank test.
- Figure 6 shows the force plan Meyer survival curve. The horizontal axis shows the number of days of survival, and the vertical axis shows the survival rate.
- Greiner TC Moynihan MJ, Chan WC, Lytle DM, Pedersen A, Anderson JR and Wei senburger DD. (1996). Blood., 87, 4302-4310.
- Pinyol M, Hernandez L, Cazorla M, Balbin M, J ares P, Fernandez PL, Montserrat E, Cardesa A, Lopez- Otin C and Campo E. (1997). Blood., 89, 272-280.
- the present invention relates to sequences that can be used for diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors, particularly malignant lymphomas.
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