WO2006047802A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur messung an ein trägergas - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur messung an ein trägergas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006047802A1 WO2006047802A1 PCT/AT2005/000436 AT2005000436W WO2006047802A1 WO 2006047802 A1 WO2006047802 A1 WO 2006047802A1 AT 2005000436 W AT2005000436 W AT 2005000436W WO 2006047802 A1 WO2006047802 A1 WO 2006047802A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- carrier gas
- measuring
- liquid
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for measuring zu ⁇ least one parameter from the group temperature, relative humidity and Ae ⁇ rosolgehalt a carrier gas, in which a vaporizable liquidLe ⁇ is introduced.
- the air generated in an air conditioning system should have predetermined values for temperature and humidity, wherein the occurrence of aerosols (mist, water droplets) should be avoided.
- the state variables of the operating means for example the state parameters of the air supplied to the cathode side of PEM fuel cells, humidified and possibly compressed air and / or those of the anode fuel gas supplied to the side, wherein the determination of the parameters should take place as far as possible in real time.
- the occurrence of aerosols, Wasser ⁇ droplets and wall films is undesirable, so that the state parameters of the air and the fuel gases must be continuously measured before entering the fuel cell in order to derive timely appropriate data for the control of the system can.
- the cooled air In an overdose of water, the cooled air is already saturated with water and reached the evaporation equilibrium. The remainder of the water is liquid and can act as an aerosol or wall film in the supply lines as well as in the fuel cell itself.
- the object of the invention is to propose an apparatus and a method for measuring at least one parameter from the group temperature, relative humidity and aerosol content of a carrier gas, which is as simple as possible and also useful under extreme conditions such as a supersaturated carrier gas statements about the state variables of Carrier gas supplies.
- the carrier gas mixed with the vaporisable liquid is supplied to at least three temperature sensors arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the carrier gas, that the temperature measured values of the individual temperature sensors are detected, and that from the temperature measured values at least one parameter from the group temperature, relative humidity and aerosol content of the carrier gas at the exit end of the measuring section is calculated of the individual temperature sensors and at least one thermodynamically derived or determined by disposable measurements KFl, KF2, KF3 of Trä ⁇ .
- the temperature of the carrier gas at the exit end of the measuring section to be determined, for example, already from the course of the temperature measured values of the individual temperature sensors to the outlet-side temperature, namely when at least the last two temperature measured values in the range of the measuring accuracy indicate the same measured values and the temperature measured value lying in the flow direction is lower. Then, this temperature also corresponds to the actual temperature of the carrier gas, since, due to the temperature profile, saturation of the carrier gas with the vaporizable liquid can be excluded (see FIG. 2).
- the data from, for example, at least one thermodynamically derived map KF1, KF2, KF3 of the carrier gas must be taken into account in addition to the temperature measured values obtained in the measuring section.
- thermodynamics dry temperature values T theo * of the carrier gas are calculated and stored in the first characteristic field KFl after adiabatic compression without the addition of the vaporizable liquid.
- the data of this characteristic field can be derived directly thermodynamically, it being possible to make use of the formulas known from thermodynamics:
- the isentropic exponent or adiabatic coefficient K has the value 1.4 for example for air as the carrier gas
- the parameters calculated from the temperature measurements and the thermodynamically derived maps are corrected by means of a correction map KF corr , which determines the heat capacity of the measuring section , the response of the temperature sensors, the heat losses of the measuring section and the heat losses of the the upstream of the measuring section components (eg those of a compressor) taken into account.
- KF corr determines the heat capacity of the measuring section , the response of the temperature sensors, the heat losses of the measuring section and the heat losses of the the upstream of the measuring section components (eg those of a compressor) taken into account.
- the temperature and the pressure of the carrier gas are measured before introduction of the vaporizable liquid and taken into account in the calculation of the characteristic diagrams.
- the vaporizable liquid can be introduced into the carrier gas, for example by injection. However, it is also possible to moisten the carrier gas by sweeping over a liquid surface or a porous body saturated with the liquid. Furthermore, it is possible that the liquid is added to the carrier gas by permeative or pervaporative transport through a membrane.
- the carrier gas on the cathode side is a gaseous oxidizing agent or gas containing a gaseous oxidizing agent, preferably compressed or uncompressed air or oxygen-enriched air, and on the anode side a fuel gas, preferably hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing gas. Both gas streams must be moistened were ⁇ so that water is supplied as a vaporizable liquid.
- a further temperature measurement of the carrier gas prior to its compression and optionally a Temperatur ⁇ measurement of the water can be carried out prior to its introduction.
- the individual temperature measurements in the measurement path are made essentially simultaneously, so that a direct and simultaneous calculation of the desired state variables is possible.
- At least three temperature sensors in the measuring section can be used for the simultaneous determination of the parameters temperature, relative humidity and aerosol content of the carrier gas, their temperature measured values recorded and the desired parameters calculated on the basis of at least two maps KFl, KF2, KF3.
- a valid temperature measurement for example, on the output side of the measuring path two of, for example, three sensors can show the same temperature, and the third, preceding sensor has a lower one Identify temperature. It follows that on the output side of the measuring section no aerosols are present and the temperature measurement is valid. From the valid temperature measurement it is possible, for example, to calculate the moisture correctly using the thermodynamically derived characteristics of KF1 and KF2. In the case of rising temperature in the direction of flow, it is also possible to infer the presence of aerosols on the input side of the measuring section.
- a device for measuring at least one parameter from the group of temperature, relative humidity and aerosol content of a carrier gas, into which an evaporable liquid can be introduced, is characterized in that at least three in the flow direction of the measuring tube in a flowed through by the carrier gas measuring tube Carrier gases are arranged Tempe ⁇ arranged successive temperature sensors, which are in communication with an evaluation, wherein the evaluation device has a memory unit for storing thermodynamically derived or determined by single measurements Kenn ⁇ fields KFl, KF2, KF3 and possibly a correction map KF corr .
- FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention for measuring state parameters of a carrier gas in a sectional representation
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram with the temperature profile in 0 C at the individual measuring points of the measuring device according to FIG. 1 for different amounts of injected water;
- FIG. 4 shows the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 in conjunction with a PEM fuel cell.
- the measuring tube can have a thermal insulation.
- the device 1 shown in FIG. 1 for measuring at least one parameter in a carrier gas has a measuring tube 2 through which the carrier gas flows, in which four temperature sensors S1 to S4 arranged successively in the flow direction (arrows 3) of the carrier gas are provided at corresponding measuring points MS1 to MS4 are. To improve the informative value of the measuring arrangement, more than four sensors can also be used.
- the Input side of the measuring tube 2 is marked with ME, the output side with MA gekenn ⁇ .
- the measuring tips 4 of the temperature sensors protrude into the interior of the measuring tube 2 and deliver their measuring signals to an evaluation device (not shown here).
- the measured values of the sensors S1 to S4 which result at the measuring points MS1 to MS4 are shown in FIG. 2, wherein measuring sequences marked by the letters A to K are shown for eleven different quantities of water.
- the calculation of the outlet temperature, the relative humidity and the Aerosol ⁇ content of the carrier gas is based on the maps KFl, KF2 and KF3 and possibly taking into account the correction map K K0n -.
- temperature readings in the measuring system can also be observed in the flow direction as well as falling temperature readings.
- Temperature corresponds to calculated temperature (T theo ) after adiabatic compression and after complete evaporation of the metered water
- the real temperature of the gas phase of the carrier gas is measured with these if the cooling limit temperature GT has not already been reached everywhere.
- the map KF3 is used to identify the GT. If the outlet-side temperatures are even higher than those in the direction of flow, the cooling limit temperature GT has evidently not yet been reached.
- the moisture is dissipated.
- the evaporated water quantity is derived from the difference between the "adiabatic temperature” (temperature after compression without addition of water) and the measured “wet temperature” (temperature after compression with addition of water) and converted into the absolute or relative gas moisture.
- the maps KFl and KF2 are used.
- the Ablei ⁇ device is valid if aerosols do not already occur at all measuring points, so at least two of the output-side measuring points show the same Tem ⁇ peraturmesshong and the preceding measuring point indicates a lower temperature.
- the detection of wall films is at least empirically also possible since, when the cooling limit temperature GT is reached, a wall film is usually present in all measuring points in the area on the entrance side. However, the location of the occurrence and the type of wall film are dependent on the components used and their geometry.
- FIG. 3 shows the temperature measured values T in 0 C for the measuring points MS1 to MS4 as a function of the metered amount of water in g / s, wherein a Lucasmassen ⁇ stream of 75g / s and a water temperature of 62 ° C was selected.
- the cathode-side input of a fuel cell 5 is a measuring device 1 according to the invention with a Measuring tube 2 upstream, for example, five temperature sensors Sl to S5.
- a corresponding Messvorrich ⁇ device 1 be connected upstream with measuring tube 2.
- the temperature sensors in the measuring tube 2 are arranged equidistantly and can also be attached in the form of a measuring grid which covers the measuring tube cross-section in order to measure the temperature measurement over the measuring tube cross-section.
- the temperature sensors S 1 to S 5 are connected to an evaluation device 6, which has a storage unit 7 for storing the thermodynamically derived maps KF 1, KF 2, KF 3 and possibly a correction map KFk 0n -.
- a further temperature measurement T L of the carrier gas can take place prior to entry into the compressor 8 upstream of the measuring tube 2. Furthermore, it is also possible to measure the inlet temperature T w of the metered water, which is fed before, into or after the compressor 8. The temperatures T L and T w can be taken into account in the generation of the maps.
- the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are not only applicable to fuel cells, but everywhere where carrier gases are humidified.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112005002680T DE112005002680A5 (de) | 2004-11-04 | 2005-11-04 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung an ein Trägergas |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA1840/2004 | 2004-11-04 | ||
| AT0184004A AT501169B1 (de) | 2004-11-04 | 2004-11-04 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur messung von zumindest einem parameter aus der gruppe temperatur, relative feuchte und aerosolgehalt eines trägergases |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006047802A1 true WO2006047802A1 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
Family
ID=36084391
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AT2005/000436 Ceased WO2006047802A1 (de) | 2004-11-04 | 2005-11-04 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur messung an ein trägergas |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT501169B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE112005002680A5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006047802A1 (de) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020110714A1 (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2002-08-15 | Craig Andrews | Gas humidification device for operation, testing, and evaluation of fuel cells |
-
2004
- 2004-11-04 AT AT0184004A patent/AT501169B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-11-04 WO PCT/AT2005/000436 patent/WO2006047802A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-11-04 DE DE112005002680T patent/DE112005002680A5/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020110714A1 (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2002-08-15 | Craig Andrews | Gas humidification device for operation, testing, and evaluation of fuel cells |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112005002680A5 (de) | 2007-09-13 |
| AT501169B1 (de) | 2006-07-15 |
| AT501169A4 (de) | 2006-07-15 |
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