WO2006040537A1 - Aliments ameliores pour ruminants - Google Patents

Aliments ameliores pour ruminants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006040537A1
WO2006040537A1 PCT/GB2005/003904 GB2005003904W WO2006040537A1 WO 2006040537 A1 WO2006040537 A1 WO 2006040537A1 GB 2005003904 W GB2005003904 W GB 2005003904W WO 2006040537 A1 WO2006040537 A1 WO 2006040537A1
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Prior art keywords
acid
fumaric acid
composition
salt
encapsulated
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PCT/GB2005/003904
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert John Wallace
Charles James Newbold
Tracy Ann Wood
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Rowett Research Institute
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0422591A external-priority patent/GB0422591D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0513273A external-priority patent/GB0513273D0/en
Application filed by Rowett Research Institute filed Critical Rowett Research Institute
Publication of WO2006040537A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006040537A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A23K40/35—Making capsules specially adapted for ruminants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/22—Methane [CH4], e.g. from rice paddies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the reduction of methane production in ruminants and/or improved meat and/or milk production.
  • the present invention relates to the use of encapsulated organic acid(s), especially fumaric acid to decrease methane production in ruminants.
  • a ruminant feed composition which comprises encapsulated fatty acid(s), especially fumaric acid for use in decreasing methane production by ruminants.
  • Such uses and compositions may also or alternatively lead to increased body mass and/or milk production by the ruminants.
  • Methane is an important greenhouse gas, contributing approximately 18% to the overall radiative forcing [1] and to global warming. This has been recognised globally and the Kyoto Protocol has global reductions for methane set at 5.2% below the 1990 level for the period 2008-2012[I]. Within the UK, the government has set even stricter reductions and is committed to reducing methane emissions to 12.5% below 1990 levels by the same period[2].
  • methane production in the rumen represents a loss of energy in the growing animals. It is estimated that between 5 and 15% of dietary energy is lost as methane by eructation in ruminants[5]. Therefore, if this loss were prevented, the animals would require less feed.
  • a feed composition for ruminants comprising at least one encapsulated organic acid and/or salt thereof.
  • feed composition is meant a composition, which is eaten by a ruminant and digested in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Conventional feed components may include a selection of the following: cereals such as corn, milo, wheat, barley, rye, oat, wheat flour, unpolished rice, millet, soybean, soybean flour, cassava, etc., oil meals such as soybean meal, dehulled soybean meal, rapeseed oil meal, peanut oil meal, linseed oil meal, sesame oil meal, coconut oil meal, sunflower oil meal, safflower oil meal, palm kerned oil meal, kapok oil mean, etc.; feeds of animal origin such as fish meal, fish solubles, meat scrap, meat-and-bone meal, blood meal, feather meal, silkworm cocoon oil meal, skimmed milk, whey, animal oils (e.g.
  • mineral feeds such as sodium chloride, calcium sources (e.g. calcium carbonate, limestone powder, oyster shell, etc.) and phosphorous sources (e.g. dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, etc.); vitamins, amino acids and minerals.
  • mineral feeds such as sodium chloride, calcium sources (e.g. calcium carbonate, limestone powder, oyster shell, etc.) and phosphorous sources (e.g. dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, etc.); vitamins, amino acids and minerals.
  • this is understood not to include animals grazing on grass, or eating roughage alone, when seed feed composition is provided separately.
  • the feed may contain a variety of additives such as an antibiotic, preservative, enzyme, anti-fungal agent, antioxidant, colorant, sweetener, perfume, binder and so on.
  • additives such as an antibiotic, preservative, enzyme, anti-fungal agent, antioxidant, colorant, sweetener, perfume, binder and so on.
  • cereals are contained generally in a proportion of about 30 to 80% by weight and preferably about 40 to 80% by weight.
  • the feed is frequently given with a roughage.
  • the roughage is primarily composed of cellulosic materials such as plant stems and leaves, e.g. alfalfa meal, timothy hay, introduced grass, native grass, green roughage, straw, tree leaves, etc., brans such as rice bran, barley bran, wheat bran, etc. and crude fibers (e.g. factory byproducts such as gluten food, gluten meal, starch meal, molasses, soy sauce byprodcuts, brewery's byproducts, beat pulp, bagasse, soybean curd cake, malt sprouts, mandarin orange peels, mandarin orange juice cake, etc.
  • cellulosic materials such as plant stems and leaves, e.g. alfalfa meal, timothy hay, introduced grass, native grass, green roughage, straw, tree leaves, etc.
  • brans such as rice bran, barley bran, wheat bran, etc.
  • crude fibers e.
  • the feed compositions according to the present invention comprise an encapsulated organic acid, or salt thereof.
  • the organic acid may be pyruvic acid, acrylic acid, aspartic acid, malic acid, citric acid or tartric acid but is preferably fumaric acid.
  • Suitable salts include, for example, salts with alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g. potassium, sodium, calcium, barium, magnesium, and ammonium.
  • the present invention also includes the use of mixtures of said organic acid and/or any of said salts and may therefore include the use of one or more acids in combination with one or more salts.
  • the amount of said at least one organic acid, especially fumaric acid, and/or salt(s) thereof will be from about 1% - 20% w/total weight of feed composition, such as 10% - 20%, preferably 7.5% - 15%. It is envisaged that a total amount of approximately 10 g to 250 g per day may be ingested by a sheep/goat or up to about 100 g to 2.5 kg for cattle.
  • the feed composition of the present invention can be manufactured by conventional means.
  • said at least one encapsulated organic acid may be blended with the other feed components and moulded, if appropriate, into granules, pellets, cakes and the like.
  • the feed composition comprising encapsulated organic acid and/or salt thereof may be formulated into granules, pellets, cakes and the like and optionally mixed with other feed components.
  • Said at least one organic acid or salt thereof is/are encapsulated such that upon mechanical, chemical or enzymic disruption of the feed composition, as occurs due to, for example, chewing and/or mixing in the rumen, said organic acid or salt thereof generally remains coated and/or otherwise associated with a suitable encapsulating agent. It is intended that said organic acid or salt thereof should be substantially encapsulated when entering the rumen. It is to be understood therefore that the term "encapsulated” does not refer merely to combining with conventional feed components and, for example, forming into pellets or cakes.
  • said at least one organic acid and/or salt thereof is first encapsulated within a suitable encapsulating agent and thereafter mixed with said other feed additives.
  • encapsulated is understood to relate to compositions which generally comprise an inner organic acid and/or salt thereof core and an outer encapsulating agent layer, as well as compositions in which the organic acid and/or salt thereof may be distributed within an encapsulating matrix, emulsion, body, substrate or the like.
  • said at least one organic acid and/or salt thereof may be encapsulated within a material which is poorly, or slowly soluble/broken down/digested in the rumen.
  • said at least one organic acid and/or salt may be released into the rumen over an extended period of time, such as 2-24 hours, e.g. 4 to 8 hours.
  • a slow release ruminant feed component said component comprising at least one organic acid and/or salt thereof.
  • Slow release is intended to cover compositions which release said organic acid and/or salt thereof, over a number of hours, 2-24 hours (e.g. 4 to 8 hours) and/or release said organic acid and/or salt thereof in such a manner that the pH of the rumen does not fall below pH 6.
  • said organic acid and/or salt thereof may be encapsulated in a lipid coating, such as a mono-, di- and/or tri-glyceride, oils, such as hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, coconut oil, palm oil, waxes, organic esters or combinations thereof.
  • a lipid coating such as a mono-, di- and/or tri-glyceride, oils, such as hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, coconut oil, palm oil, waxes, organic esters or combinations thereof.
  • said organic acid and/or salt thereof may be coated in a natural or synthetic polymer that is capable of allowing slow release of said organic acid and/or salt thereof, into the rumen.
  • suitable polymers include hydroxyalkyl carboxylate polyester, cellulose or amylose based polyers, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyhydroxyalkamoate.
  • compositions of the present invention comprise an encapsulating agent in an amount of about 10% - 50% w/total weight of the composition and 90% - 50% w/total weight of the composition organic acid and/or salt thereof.
  • Particularly preferred compositions are marketed under the trademark Bakesure®, such as Bakeshure 451 and Bakeshure 470, which have the following compositions:
  • the present inventors have observed that encapsulating said at least one organic acid or salt thereof does not lead to such an undesirable pH drop in the rumen, as observed when using unencapsulated organic acid, such as fumaric acid and leads to more consistent inhibition of methane formation. Additionally, more feed comprising the encapsulated organic acid or salt thereof (e.g. fumaric acid) is ingested by a ruminant. Without wishing to be bound by theory, increased feeding may be due to the lesser reduction in pH in the rumen and/or the feed being more palatable to the ruminant.
  • the feed compositions according to the present invention can result in decreased methane production and/or increased/improved productivity, such as increased and/or better quality milk and/or meat production.
  • the altered fatty acid composition of milk and meat may promote improved health in man.
  • an organic acid and/or salt thereof, especially fumaric acid and/or salt thereof in the manufacture of an encapsulated and/or slow release formulation for reducing methane production and/or increasing/improving the quality of milk and/or meat produced by said ruminant.
  • a method of reducing methane production and/or increasing/improving the quality of milk and/or meat produced by a ruminant comprising the step of feeding to a ruminant an encapsulated or slow release organic acid and/or salt thereof.
  • Figure 1 shows the mode of action of an organic acid in decreasing methane formation.
  • Figure 2 shows the effect of fumaric acid addition on the increase in total volatile fatty acid concentration ( ⁇ moles/50 mL) in vitro.
  • Figure 3 shows the effect of fumaric acid addition on the increase in propionate concentration ( ⁇ moles/50 mL) in vitro.
  • Figure 4 shows the effect of fumaric acid addition on propionate production rate ( ⁇ moles/hr) in vitro.
  • Figure 5 shows the effect of encapsulated fumaric acid and fumaric acid on the pH of unbuffered rumen fluid in vitro.
  • Figure 6 shows the effect of fumaric acid additives added to the diet on rumen pH in vivo.
  • Figure 7 shows the effect of fumaric acid additives added via a cannula on rumen pH in vivo.
  • Figure 8 shows an estimation of feed remaining after fumaric acid has been added to the diet .
  • Figure 9 shows the effect of additives added to the diet on propionic acid concentration in vivo.
  • Figure 10 shows the effect of additives added via the cannula on propionic acid in vivo.
  • Figure 11 shows the effect of different forms of encapsulated fumaric acid that can be effective.
  • a 0.4 M solution of sodium fumarate was used, prepared in distilled water, and 1 mL (0.4 mmoles sodium fumarate) added to 5 bottles containing 400 mg GP diet (grass hay, rolled barley, cane molasses, fish meal and minerals and vitamins (Lamscov Intensive Lamb 317, Norvite, Insch, Aberdeenshire); 500, 299.5, 100, 91 and 9.5 g/kg dry matter respectively) to give a final concentration of 8 mM sodium fumarate.
  • GP diet grass hay, rolled barley, cane molasses, fish meal and minerals and vitamins (Lamscov Intensive Lamb 317, Norvite, Insch, Aberdeenshire)
  • 500, 299.5, 100, 91 and 9.5 g/kg dry matter respectively to give a final concentration of 8 mM sodium fumarate.
  • a 0.2 M solution of fumaric acid was used (due to low solubility), prepared in distilled water, and 1 mL (0.2 mmoles fumaric acid) added to 5 bottles containing 400 mg GP diet to give a final concentration of 4 mM fumaric acid. Another 5 bottles received 1 mL of distilled water (controls). After 24 hours of incubation, analyses of methane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen were carried out.
  • a 0.4 M solution of sodium fumarate was used, prepared in distilled water, and 1 niL (0.4 mmoles sodium fumarate) added to 5 bottles containing 400 mg General Purpose (GP) diet to give a final concentration of 8 mM sodium fumarate.
  • Another 10 bottles received 1 mL of distilled water (controls and timed addition samples). Then at 6 hourly intervals 0.5 mL distilled water was added to the control samples and the bottles containing 0.4 M sodium fumarate.
  • a 0.133 M solution of sodium fumarate was used, prepared in distilled water, and 0.5 mL (0.133 mmoles sodium fumarate) added to 5 bottles containing 400 mg GP diet + 1 mL distilled water at 6 hourly intervals to give a total of 0.399 mmoles sodium fumarate.
  • Encapsulated fumaric acid (BakeshureTM 451, Balchem), 83% to 87%, was used for the following experiment. 0 mg, 11.8 mg (equivalent to 10.030 mmoles fumaric acid), 17.6 mg (equivalent to 0.123 mmoles fumaric acid), 35.5 mg (equivalent to 0.260 mmoles fumaric acid) and 54.6 mg (equivalent to 0.400 mmoles fumaric acid) encapsulated fumaric acid were added to Wheaton bottles containing 400 mg general purpose feed in triplicate. For comparison, three bottles containing 400 mg general purpose feed and 46.4 mg fumaric acid were also set up. Another three bottles were set up containing 400 mg general purpose feed only (controls).
  • Encapsulated fumaric acid (BakeshureTM 451), 83% to 87%, was used for the following experiment. 54.6 mg (equivalent to 0.400 mmoles fumaric acid) encapsulated fumaric acid was added to five Wheaton bottles containing 400 mg general purpose feed. 46.4 mg (equivalent to 0.400 mmoles) fumaric acid was added to five Wheaton bottles containing 400 mg general purpose feed. Another five bottles were prepared containing 400 mg general purpose feed only (controls). After 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 22 and 24 hours of incubation, volatile fatty acids analysis was carried out.
  • B 75 g Encapsulated Fumaric Acid - Bakeshure ® 470, 61% to 65% fumaric acid.
  • C 75 g Encapsulated Fumaric Acid - Bakeshure ® 451, 83% to 87% fumaric acid.
  • D Control
  • each additive 75 g was added to a sample bottle and approximately 200 ml rumen fluid added. A rod was used to mix the additive with the rumen fluid. The rumen fluid was then poured back into the sheep rumen using the cannula.
  • Animals were fed 400 g of ewe lamb feed (EL) or, 475 g EL feed only if in the control group on the morning of the experiment.
  • EL ewe lamb feed
  • Each period of the Latin square consisted of feeding each supplement then extraction of a 20 mL rumen fluid sample via a cannula at the following times: - pre-feeding, 1/2 hour after feeding and then again at 1 hr, 2 hrs, 4 hrs and 7 hrs post feeding. At each sampling time, an estimation of the feed remaining was recorded. The sheep were not fed again until after the last samples were taken.
  • a 3 day rest period between Latin Squares was incorporated into the experiment, where the animals received 1000 g ewe lamb feed over two servings, a.m. and p.m. for one day and 1200 g ewe lamb feed over two servings, a.m. and p.m. for the remaining two days.
  • the rumen fluid was strained through a double layer of gauze into a sterile universal bottle. 4 mL of each sample was transferred to a reaction tube containing 1 mL 20% orthophoshoric acid containing 20 mM 2-ethyl butyric acid and stored for VFA analysis. The pH of the remaining sample was then recorded.
  • Total gas was measured using a 100 mL glass syringe connected to a 0.5 x 16 mm needle, which was injected through the stoppers into the headspace.
  • a gas sample (1 mL) was removed from each bottle and analysed for methane, hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide by gas chromatography using a PYE Unicam GCV.
  • the column used was a 4 mm x 3 m glass column packed with Porapak Q mesh 60-80 (Waters Associates Inc., Milford, MA, USA).
  • injector temperature was: 85°C and the carrier gas (argon) flow rate was 30 mL/min; a katherometer detector was used. Peaks were identified by comparison with gas standards of known composition.
  • Sample fluid (4 mL) was added to 1 mL of an acid solution containing 20% orthophosphoric acid containing 20 mM 2-ethyl butyric acid as the standard. Samples were centrifuged at 14 000 rpm (20 000 - 24 000 x g) for 15 minutes at 4 0 C using a Sorvall RC-SB refrigerated superspeed centrifuge. Volatile fatty acids were determined using a Hewlett Packard 5890 Series II Gas Chromatograph in accordance with the method described by Stewart and Duncan[18].
  • Example 1 The Effect of Free Fumaric Acid and the Salt (Sodium Fumarate) on Methane and Volatile Fatty Acid Production
  • Encapsulated fumaric acid also increased propionic acid concentration and production rate, but the increase was more stable than that seen in fumaric acid groups.
  • Encapsulated fumaric acid followed the pH of the control relatively well and only caused a slight drop in pH compared to fumaric acid, which caused a drop of 0.74 pH units after only half an hour. The difference in pH was most likely due to the effect of the vegetable coating; preventing the fumaric acid dissolving immediately and slowing down the drop in pH.
  • Example 6 The Effect of Fumaric Acid, Bakeshure ® 451 and Bakeshure ® 470 on the pH and Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration of Sheep Rumen Fluid In Vivo.
  • Figure 6 shows little variance in pH throughout the sampling period. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences between the groups throughout the sampling period (P -value > 0.05). This is unexpected as fumaric acid caused a drop in pH in in vitro experiments, see Example 5. The lack of pH drop can however, be partially explained by the results described in Figure 8. At the end of the sampling period there was always at least 25% of the feed containing fumaric acid remaining in the feed box whereas all the other feeds were gone by the end of the day. There could be various reasons why the sheep did not eat the fumaric acid, e.g. palatability, a regulation effect or a physical effect (e.g. the fumaric acid irritated the mouth or nose). However, as the fumaric acid was not eaten completely the pH drop was not observed.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the pH in the rumen after the additives were added via the cannula.
  • the decrease in pH associated with fumaric acid is clearly illustrated after half an hour post-feeding.
  • the lowest pH recorded as a result of fumaric acid was 4.40.
  • the two Bakeshure products did not cause such a drastic drop in pH; Bakeshure ® 451 reached a low of 5.78 and Bakeshure ® 470 reached a low of 6.19.
  • Figure 9 shows that upon average the diet containing fumaric acid produced the lowest levels of propionic acid at each sampling time. This follows on from the estimation of remaining feed results, as the animals were not eating, lower levels of fatty acids would be expected. Both Bakeshure products were initially lower than the control but after 2 hours had risen above. The concentration of propionic acid then remained constant (approximately 18 - 20 mM) until the end of the sampling period. This seems to corroborate the theory that the Bakeshure products are broken down slowly and there is no sudden release of fumaric acid and hence no sudden conversion to propionic acid.
  • Bakeshure® 470 appears to produce less propionic acid than the control at least for the first two hours. This could be due to an increased delay in the release of fumaric acid compared to the Bakeshure® 451 release; as Bakeshure® 470 has a thicker layer of oil (35% to 39% compared to 13% to 17% partially hydrogenated vegetable oil respectively) it should release fumaric acid at a slower rate than Bakeshure® 451. Therefore, propionic acid concentration could have stayed constant for longer than the time sampled as fumaric acid was steadily released. In addition to this, there will be less fumaric acid proportionally in Bakeshure® 470 compared to Bakeshure® 451 , so less propionic acid will be produced as a consequence.
  • Encapsulated fumaric acid an ingredient in tortilla flour used in vitro was found to decrease the drop in rumen pH with no large, adverse effects upon propionic acid and methane production.
  • Propionic acid production dropped by 4% in encapsulated fumaric acid samples compared to fumaric acid samples.
  • Methane generation in samples containing encapsulated fumaric acid was 0.8% higher than those samples containing fumaric acid.
  • An encapsulated fumaric acid product would therefore have at least two advantages over fumaric acid: -
  • Example 7 Effect of encapsulated fumaric acid on growth, feed intake and methane production in lambs.
  • the methane concentration of the sampled air was taken alternately at 4-min intervals from the air leaving or entering the tunnel and evaluated using a gas chromatograph. Data were compared by analysis of variance for live weight gain, empty body weight at slaughter and killing out percentage, blocked by pen.
  • Table 6 Daily live weight gain, concentrate intake, feed conversion, empty body weight and killing out percentage in lambs fed non-supplemented diets or diets supplemented withfumaric acid or encapsulated fumaric acid.
  • Table 7 Concentrate intake and methane production in lambs fed non-supplemented diets or diets supplemented with fumaric acid or encapsulated fumaric acid.
  • Rumen fluid was anaerobically transferred to the buffer described by Menke and Steingass [19] containing per litre: 475 mL distilled water, 0.12 mL trace elements solution (13.2 g CaCl 2 .2H 2 O, 10 g MnCl 2 .4H 2 O, 1 g CoCl 2 .6H 2 O and 0.8 g FeCl 2 .6H 2 O per litre), 237 mL of buffer solution (35 g NaHCO 3 and 4 g (NH 4 )HCO 3 per litre), 237 mL of main elements solution (5.7 g Na 2 -HPO 4 , 6.2 g KH 2 -PO 4 and 0.6 g MgSO 4 .7H 2 O per litre), 1.22 mL 0.1 % (w/v) resazurin solution (100 mg/100 mL distilled water) and 47.5 mL freshly prepared reducing solution (336 mg Na 2 S.9H 2 O and 2 mL
  • the final ratio of the buffer :rumen fluid was 2:1.
  • 50 mL of buffered rumen fluid was anaerobically dispensed to a 120 mL Wheaton bottle containing 400 mg of general purpose (GP) diet, see Appendix III, previously ground to pass through a 1 mm mesh screen.
  • the bottles were sealed (under CO 2 atmosphere) with butyl rubber stoppers and aluminium crimp caps then incubated at 39 °C for 24 hours in a Grant OLS 200 water bath.
  • Encap.FA Encapsulated fumaric acid
  • FA Fumaric acid
  • Encap.FA Encapsulated fumaric acid
  • FA Fumaric acid

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Abstract

La présente invention a pour objet la réduction de la production de méthane par les ruminants et/ou l'amélioration de la production de viande et/ou de lait. La présente invention a plus particulièrement pour objet l'utilisation d'un ou plusieurs acide(s) organique(s) encapsulé(s), plus particulièrement l'acide fumarique, dans le but de diminuer la production de méthane par les ruminants. La présente invention décrit également une préparation alimentaire pour ruminants comprenant un ou plusieurs acide(s) gras encapsulé(s), plus particulièrement l'acide fumarique, et utilisée dans le but de diminuer la production de méthane par les ruminants. Lesdites applications et préparations peuvent également ou alternativement aboutir à l'augmentation de la masse corporelle et/ou de la production de lait chez les ruminants.
PCT/GB2005/003904 2004-10-12 2005-10-11 Aliments ameliores pour ruminants WO2006040537A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0422591A GB0422591D0 (en) 2004-10-12 2004-10-12 Improved ruminant feeding
GB0422591.8 2004-10-12
GB0513273A GB0513273D0 (en) 2005-06-30 2005-06-30 Improved ruminant feeding (II)
GB0513273.3 2005-06-30

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2009156453A1 (fr) * 2008-06-25 2009-12-30 Valorisation Par Extrusion Procédé d'évaluation de la quantité de méthane produite par un ruminant laitier et procédé pour diminuer et contrôler cette quantité
WO2011117552A1 (fr) 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique - Inra Utilisation d'un produit de fermentation fongique comme complement alimentaire
WO2012159186A1 (fr) 2011-05-23 2012-11-29 Grasp Indústria E Comércio Ltda. Utilisation de nitrates et de sulfates encapsulés pour réduire l'émission de méthane provenant de la fermentation ruminale
WO2013103648A1 (fr) * 2012-01-04 2013-07-11 Nutriquest, Llc. Aliments pour animaux, inertes dans la panse et à énergie élevée
CN103270412A (zh) * 2010-10-21 2013-08-28 瓦洛雷克斯公司 由产奶反刍动物产生的甲烷量的评估方法
WO2014013068A1 (fr) * 2012-07-20 2014-01-23 Dr. Eckel Gmbh Combinaison pour réduire les émissions de méthane dans le fourrage de ruminants
WO2014184432A3 (fr) * 2013-05-14 2015-01-08 Hankkija Oy Acide gras de tall oil
CN106035157A (zh) * 2016-06-06 2016-10-26 苏州福德龙水产养殖有限公司 一种提高丁桂鱼肉质的养殖饲料以及饲养方法
US9789077B2 (en) 2012-05-14 2017-10-17 Hankkija Oy Use of saponified tall oil fatty acid
US9962353B2 (en) 2013-10-24 2018-05-08 Hankkija Oy Use of tall oil fatty acid in binding toxins
US10799544B2 (en) 2013-11-13 2020-10-13 Hankkija Oy Feed supplement and a feed composition comprising resin acid based composition
CN113575773A (zh) * 2021-06-23 2021-11-02 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 用于改善反刍动物瘤胃发酵的组合物及其用途
IT202200007001A1 (it) * 2022-04-08 2023-10-08 Sintal S R L Preparato nutrizionale a base di calcio, procedimento per la realizzazione di un simile preparato ed uso di tale preparato

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FR2726159A1 (fr) * 1994-10-28 1996-05-03 Rhone Poulenc Nutrition Animal Compositions nutritives ou medicamenteuses pour l'administration aux ruminants a base de chitosane
US5589186A (en) * 1993-01-29 1996-12-31 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Feed composition for ruminant animals and method of feeding ruminant animals with the same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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FR2933191A1 (fr) * 2008-06-25 2010-01-01 Valorisation Par Extrusion Procede d'evaluation de la quantite de methane produite par un ruminant laitier et procede pour diminuer et controler cette quantite.
CN102077089A (zh) * 2008-06-25 2011-05-25 瓦洛雷克斯公司 评估由产奶反刍动物产生的甲烷量的方法和降低并且控制这种量的方法
US8642100B2 (en) 2008-06-25 2014-02-04 Valorex Method to evaluate the quantity of methane produced by a dairy ruminant and method to reduce and control this quantity
WO2011117552A1 (fr) 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique - Inra Utilisation d'un produit de fermentation fongique comme complement alimentaire
CN103270412A (zh) * 2010-10-21 2013-08-28 瓦洛雷克斯公司 由产奶反刍动物产生的甲烷量的评估方法
WO2012159186A1 (fr) 2011-05-23 2012-11-29 Grasp Indústria E Comércio Ltda. Utilisation de nitrates et de sulfates encapsulés pour réduire l'émission de méthane provenant de la fermentation ruminale
CN103547168A (zh) * 2011-05-23 2014-01-29 格拉斯普工商业有限公司 包封的硝酸盐和硫酸盐在减少由瘤胃发酵产生的甲烷排放中的用途
WO2013103648A1 (fr) * 2012-01-04 2013-07-11 Nutriquest, Llc. Aliments pour animaux, inertes dans la panse et à énergie élevée
US9907771B2 (en) 2012-05-14 2018-03-06 Hankkija Oy Saponified tall oil fatty acid for use in treatment and animal feed supplements and compositions
US9789077B2 (en) 2012-05-14 2017-10-17 Hankkija Oy Use of saponified tall oil fatty acid
WO2014013068A1 (fr) * 2012-07-20 2014-01-23 Dr. Eckel Gmbh Combinaison pour réduire les émissions de méthane dans le fourrage de ruminants
EA027372B1 (ru) * 2013-05-14 2017-07-31 Ханккия Ой Применение жирной кислоты таллового масла
US9789143B2 (en) 2013-05-14 2017-10-17 Hankkija Oy Use of tall oil fatty acid
WO2014184432A3 (fr) * 2013-05-14 2015-01-08 Hankkija Oy Acide gras de tall oil
US9919013B2 (en) 2013-05-14 2018-03-20 Hankkija Oy Use of tall oil fatty acid
US10092610B2 (en) 2013-05-14 2018-10-09 Hankkija Oy Tall oil fatty acid for use in treatment and animal feed supplements and compositions
US9962353B2 (en) 2013-10-24 2018-05-08 Hankkija Oy Use of tall oil fatty acid in binding toxins
US10799544B2 (en) 2013-11-13 2020-10-13 Hankkija Oy Feed supplement and a feed composition comprising resin acid based composition
US10849947B2 (en) 2013-11-13 2020-12-01 Hankkija Oy Feed supplement and a feed composition comprising resin acid based composition
US11253562B2 (en) 2013-11-13 2022-02-22 Forchem Oy Feed supplement
CN106035157A (zh) * 2016-06-06 2016-10-26 苏州福德龙水产养殖有限公司 一种提高丁桂鱼肉质的养殖饲料以及饲养方法
CN113575773A (zh) * 2021-06-23 2021-11-02 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 用于改善反刍动物瘤胃发酵的组合物及其用途
IT202200007001A1 (it) * 2022-04-08 2023-10-08 Sintal S R L Preparato nutrizionale a base di calcio, procedimento per la realizzazione di un simile preparato ed uso di tale preparato

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