WO2006039805A1 - Etiquette d'identification par radiofrequence. - Google Patents

Etiquette d'identification par radiofrequence. Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006039805A1
WO2006039805A1 PCT/CA2005/001569 CA2005001569W WO2006039805A1 WO 2006039805 A1 WO2006039805 A1 WO 2006039805A1 CA 2005001569 W CA2005001569 W CA 2005001569W WO 2006039805 A1 WO2006039805 A1 WO 2006039805A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microchip
tag
recited
substrate
coil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2005/001569
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nicolas Schieli
Original Assignee
Quelis Id Systems Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Quelis Id Systems Inc. filed Critical Quelis Id Systems Inc.
Publication of WO2006039805A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006039805A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07798—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card part of the antenna or the integrated circuit being adapted for rupturing or breaking, e.g. record carriers functioning as sealing devices for detecting not-authenticated opening of containers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V15/00—Tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to radio-frequency identification (RFID) transponders.
  • RFID radio-frequency identification
  • the present invention relates to RFID tags.
  • RFID radio-frequency identification
  • Conventional radio-frequency identification (RFID) transponders are usually made of an antenna engraved or printed on a substrate with a microchip attached to it using known techniques.
  • This conventional RFID manufacturing process allows for very high throughputs and yields. Indeed, current technology such as flip-chip allows reaching typical capacities of 10 000 units per hour.
  • some limitations exist. For example, a 13.56 MHz antenna is particularly difficult to produce at a very low price using the above-described process, especially of small form factor, which implies significant drawbacks to the electric characteristics.
  • FIG. 1 of the appended drawings illustrates a conventional
  • the tag 2 comprises a microchip 4 and a coil antenna 6 connected thereto, both mounted on a substrate 8.
  • the microchip 4 and antenna 6 are secured to the substrate 8 using well-known techniques as described hereinabove.
  • the tag can be further processed including being laminated or moulded in plastic.
  • the microchip typically includes a resonance capacitor, a clock extractor, a voltage rectifier, a modulation stage and a memory associated with all circuitry required to access its content.
  • a process involving the use of a standard screen-printing technique and an electrically conductive ink has been proposed to print antenna which are then directly connected to a bare microchip.
  • the direct connection is done at very high speed using any of well-known techniques such as flip-chip.
  • the microchip is fastened to the coil and its underlying substrate by means of, for instance, anisotropic glue.
  • Other connecting techniques may be used with different throughputs and costs.
  • the printed antennas are usually formed by 3 to 10 turns. It is impossible to form such arrangement on a single layer. Therefore, traditional techniques close the coil circuit by means of a strap, resulting in an additional cost.
  • a RFID tag free of the above-mentioned limitations is therefore desirable.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide improved radio-frequency identification transponders and tags.
  • a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag characterized by an operational frequency comprising: a substrate; a microchip mounted to the substrate; a coupling coil mounted to the substrate including at least one turn of wire terminated by two terminal ends connected to the microchip; and a coil antenna mounted on top of the coupling coil so as to be inductively coupled thereto; the coil antenna being electrically closed by a parasitic capacitance distributed along its coil; the parasitic capacitance causing the coil antenna to self-resonate at the operational frequency of the tag.
  • RFID radio-frequency identification
  • a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag manufacturing process comprising: securing at least one turn of an electrically conductive wire to a substrate, yielding a coupling coil having terminal ends; securing a microchip to the substrate; connecting the two terminal ends to the microchip; providing a coil antenna characterized by a parasitic capacitance providing a self-resonance at an operational frequency of the tag; the coil antenna being electrically closed by the parasitic capacitance; and mounting the coil antenna on top of the coupling coil.
  • RFID radio-frequency identification
  • chip or “microchip” are not intended herein in a limited way. They should be construed so as to include any miniaturized processing device.
  • Figure 1 which is labeled "prior art” is a radio-frequency identification tag according to an arrangement from the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a partially exploded perspective view of a radio- frequency identification (RFID) tag according to a first illustrative embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG 3 is a top plan view of the radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag from Figure 2, illustrating the tag assembled;
  • RFID radio-frequency identification
  • FIGS. 4A-4C are R-L-C circuits modelizing radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags according to illustrative embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a partially exploded perspective view of a radio- frequency identification (RFID) tag according to a second illustrative embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a medicine bottle incorporating the RFID tag from
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a tag manufacturing process according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.
  • a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag 10 according to a first illustrative embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
  • the tag 10 comprises a substrate 12, a microchip 14 and a coupling coil 16 both mounted to the substrate 12, and a coil antenna 18 mounted on top of the coupling coil 16 so as to be inductively coupled thereto.
  • the coupling coil 16 allows to inductively coupling the antenna 18 to the microchip 14 while being disconnected therefrom as will be explained hereinbelow in more detail.
  • the microchip 14 is secured to the substrate 12 using one of many techniques well-known in the art, such as fastening with an anisotropic conductive film or via addition of bumps on the chip's pads including solder bumps, gold bumps, etc.
  • the coupling coil 16 includes at least one turn of wire terminated by two terminal ends 20 connected to the microchip 14. Even though more than one turn of wire can be provided in forming the coil 16, it has been found that providing only one turn is both sufficient and obviously more economical.
  • the coupling coil 16 can be for example printed on the substrate 12 or etched from an electrically conductive material such as, but not limited to copper. Indeed, any other electrically conductive material can of course be used.
  • connection between the microchip 14 and the terminal ends 20 of the coupling coil 16 may be made through flip-chip technique for instance as it is particularly cost-efficient. Of course, other known connecting techniques can also be used.
  • the wound coil antenna 18 is made of fine insulated electrical conductor. This coil 18 is configured and sized to carry a parasitic capacitance making it self-resonate at the operational frequency of the tag, which can be 13.56MHz for example.
  • the coil antenna 18 is made of wound wire having its terminals not connected.
  • the antenna effect is due to its parasitic capacitance distributed along the conductor.
  • the antenna 18 circuit is electrically closed by the distributed parasitic capacitance along its wiring. This allows avoiding any mechanical connection during the manufacturing process reducing the total cost to its lowest.
  • antenna 18 is illustrated only schematically in Figures 2 and 3. More specifically, the number of turns of wire illustrated does not necessarily reflect the reality.
  • the wound coil 18 acts as a regular RFID antenna amplifying the induced current from a reader (not shown). This current creates in turn an induced voltage in the single loop coil 16 powering up the microchip 14.
  • the coupling coil 16 which is directly connected to the chip 14 does not directly recuperate the energy.
  • an R-L-C circuit can be used to modelize RFID tags. Examples of such circuits modelizing RFID tags according to the present invention are depicted in Figures 4A-4C.
  • coil 18 a resonance frequency for which the current is magnified by a quality factor Q. Being placed right above the coupling coil 16, the coil 18 induces a voltage to the chip 14. Power transfer between both coils 16 and 18 is controlled by standard air- core transformer laws.
  • the wound coil 18 can be seen as primary winding, the microchip-coupling coil 16 as secondary winding and the microchip 14 as the load of the transformer.
  • the induced voltage in the coupling coil 16 is given by
  • maximizing the induced voltage to the chip 14 can be achieved by increasing each or any of the following parameter: k coupling factor between coils 16-18; womd wound coil 18 self-inductance;
  • the coupling factor is maximized by optimizing geometries of both coils 16-18.
  • CF represents a filtering capacitor inherent to the microchip 14.
  • a tag according to the present invention overcomes most of the traditional tag limitations.
  • the coupling coil 16 can be very small as it does only require a single loop.
  • its cost is directly related to the amount of conductive ink dispensed, in the case where the coupling coil 16 is printed on the substrate 12 for example, there is a net saving associated with that configuration.
  • a chip 14 can be easily connected to it by traditional flip-chip technique without the need of a strap or closing the circuit on another layer reducing the cost further again.
  • a process 100 for manufacturing a tag according to the present invention is illustrated in Figure 7. It includes the following steps:
  • the antenna 18 can be manufactured using conventional techniques. It is to be noted that the amount of wire required is very limited (30 to 50 turns depending on internal diameter). The added cost of that component is therefore very limited compared to the advantage of using a flip-chip technique for miniature tags.
  • This higher voltage is particularly interesting in applications involving read/write chips or with high complexity circuits like cryptographic micro- processors for example.
  • a RFID tag 22 according to a second illustrative embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figure 5.
  • the tag 22 comprises a two-turn coupling coil 24 terminated by two terminal ends 26 connected to the microchip 14.
  • the microchip 14 is further connected to the coupling coil 24 at another intermediary point, which may be the middle point between the two terminal ends 26.
  • Microchips extract their power supply from oscillating coil voltage by diode rectification.
  • Traditional arrangement does not allow this middle-tap connection and therefore power supply extraction is done by a single diode (see Figure 4B) or a Graetz Bridge (see Figure 4A).
  • the former case is not very efficient as it gets its power only from one half of the oscillating signal. The later works on the full magnitude, but there are always two diodes conducting at any time, involving a 2V T voltage drop.
  • Using the middle-tap arrangement illustrated in Figure 5 and modelized in Figure 4C it is possible to achieve exactly the same power transfer as a Graetz bridge with only two diodes. Then, a single diode is conducting at a given time resulting in a voltage drop of VT only.
  • the chip 14 has to be sufficiently large to receive the three connecting points.
  • the quality control of a tag according to the present invention can be achieved by controlling the antenna coil 18 thickness (therefore controlling its distributed parasitic resistance along with its parasitic capacitance), which may be particularly interesting for large tags. Indeed, increasing a tag's diameter traditionally results in increasing self-resonating coil's quality factor. To a certain extent the tag behavior may be a net improvement of power transfer, but it also results in less stability of the whole system. Then, it can be very useful to be able to control this quality factor. Except by changing wire diameter (resulting in changing serial resistance), an elegant way of controlling this lies in the self-resonating coil's geometry. Indeed, distributed parasitic capacitance introduces resistive losses in direct relation with the winding's geometrical arrangement. A particularly thick antenna 18 provides a lower quality factor than its thinner counterpart for antennas self-resonating at the same frequency. Thus, by controlling the antenna coil 18 thickness, it is possible to get the desired quality factor for the whole system.
  • FIG. 6 a medicine bottle 28 will now be described as an example of an application of an RFID tag according to the present invention.
  • the bottle 28 incorporates an RFID tag 10 as a safety feature as will become more apparent upon reading the following description.
  • a particularly useful arrangement of this invention relates to the fact that a complete tag 10 is formed of two components not directly connected together: a first part including the microchip 14 with the coupling coil 16 connected thereto, both mounted on a substrate 30, and a second part made of the antenna coil 18. It is therefore possible to embed the first part in a plastic and the self-resonating antenna coil 18 in another. Provided that the two parts are affixed together in close proximity, the complete tag will be fully functional.
  • the second part consisting in the self-resonating coil antenna 18 is embedded in the bottle cap 32 and the first part is sealed in a pealable film 30 also acting as the substrate, which is glued to the opening of the container 34.
  • the bottle 28 can be opened either by piercing or pealing the film 30, thereby broking or removing the first part of the tag, adding a tampering functionality to the RFID tag.
  • a tab 36 is advantageously provided on the edge of the film 30 to help pealing.
  • the coupling coil 16 is positioned near the center of the film 30 to ensure that it will be broken with the film. A pharmacist or an inventory manager would then only have to operate a reader in close proximity to the bottle 28 to verify if the bottle 28 has been tampered with without having to open it.
  • a tag according to the present invention can be use similarly in any object having first and a second separable parts; i) the coil antenna being secured to a first part; and ii) the substrate, the microchip and the coupling coil being secured to the second part.
  • first and second separable parts are to be mountable in such a way that the tag becomes operable.
  • an RFID tag according to the present invention can have many other applications, both more traditional and involving its two-part quality.
  • tags according to the present invention have been described without any protection, it is believed to be within the reach of persons having ordinary skills in the art to protect the tag by well-known lamination or resin or plastic molding techniques.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une étiquette d'identification par radiofréquence (RFID), comprenant un substrat, une puce montée sur ce substrat, une bobine de couplage se présentant sous forme d'une spire de câblage imprimée sur le substrat ou gravée dans un matériau conducteur d'électricité, et se terminant par deux extrémités de contact connectées à la puce, et une antenne à cadre, entrant en résonance propre à la fréquence de fonctionnement de l'étiquette, superposée à la bobine de couplage de manière à être couplée par induction à cette dernière. Dans une forme de réalisation différente, la bobine de couplage se présente sous forme d'un câblage à deux spires, qui est également connecté à un point intermédiaire entre les deux extrémités de contact. Cette seconde structure d'étiquette permet d'obtenir un transfert d'énergie identique à un pont de Graetz avec seulement deux diodes.
PCT/CA2005/001569 2004-10-14 2005-10-13 Etiquette d'identification par radiofrequence. WO2006039805A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US61813804P 2004-10-14 2004-10-14
US60/618,138 2004-10-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006039805A1 true WO2006039805A1 (fr) 2006-04-20

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PCT/CA2005/001569 WO2006039805A1 (fr) 2004-10-14 2005-10-13 Etiquette d'identification par radiofrequence.

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090058189A1 (en) * 2007-08-13 2009-03-05 Nigelpower, Llc Long range low frequency resonator and materials
JP2013117814A (ja) * 2011-12-02 2013-06-13 Toppan Printing Co Ltd コイン型ｉｃタグ

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4583099A (en) * 1983-12-27 1986-04-15 Polyonics Corporation Resonant tag circuits useful in electronic security systems
US4598276A (en) * 1983-11-16 1986-07-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Distributed capacitance LC resonant circuit
US5084699A (en) * 1989-05-26 1992-01-28 Trovan Limited Impedance matching coil assembly for an inductively coupled transponder
US6335686B1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2002-01-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Application for a radio frequency identification system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4598276A (en) * 1983-11-16 1986-07-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Distributed capacitance LC resonant circuit
US4583099A (en) * 1983-12-27 1986-04-15 Polyonics Corporation Resonant tag circuits useful in electronic security systems
US5084699A (en) * 1989-05-26 1992-01-28 Trovan Limited Impedance matching coil assembly for an inductively coupled transponder
US6335686B1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2002-01-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Application for a radio frequency identification system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090058189A1 (en) * 2007-08-13 2009-03-05 Nigelpower, Llc Long range low frequency resonator and materials
JP2013117814A (ja) * 2011-12-02 2013-06-13 Toppan Printing Co Ltd コイン型ｉｃタグ

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