WO2006035482A1

WO2006035482A1 - Liquid crystal element having optical zoom function and method for manufacturing the same

Info

Publication number: WO2006035482A1
Application number: PCT/JP2004/014079
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nobuyoshi Nakagawa
Original assignee: Binit Corporation
Priority date: 2004-09-27
Filing date: 2004-09-27
Publication date: 2006-04-06
Also published as: JP4532500B2; KR20070057163A; CN101027601A; CN100437219C; JPWO2006035482A1; KR101073657B1

Abstract

A novel liquid crystal element which is used especially in a lens system of a camera mounted in devices such as a cellular phone, and has a small, thin and light optical zoom function compared with the conventional liquid crystal elements. The liquid crystal element constitutes the optical zoom system by arranging it on an optical axis with a lens, and operates the optical zoom function by forming a refractive-index distribution by applying a voltage. The liquid crystal element is provided with a liquid crystal and a plurality of electrodes facing each other with the liquid crystal in between. At least one of the electrodes is provided with a plurality of non-electrode parts where an electrode material does not exist, in an arrangement pattern wherein the size or arrangement intervals or the both are changed along a radius direction when the electrode is concentrically divided. On an inner side of the non-electrode parts, the liquid crystal is nonuniformly oriented when a voltage is applied.

Description

Specification

Liquid crystal element having optical zoom function and method for manufacturing the same

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to an optical zoom function. More specifically, the present invention relates to an optical zoom function suitably used for a small digital still camera, a digital video camera, etc. in a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) and the like.

Background art

[0002] In recent years, mobile phones with an imaging function equipped with ultra-small cameras, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and the like have been widely used. Conventional ultra-compact cameras generally have a single-focus lens system due to size limitations, but the camera specifications of mobile phones have rapidly increased in pixel count, and the effective pixel count of 100 to 2 million or more is standard. With this trend, it is required to have an optical zoom function. Recently, several optical compact zoom lenses have been proposed.

[0003] For example, in (Patent Document 1), an image pickup device such as a front group lens, a rear group lens, and a CCD is sequentially arranged on the optical axis, and only the rear group lens is arranged in the direction of the guide pin (optical axis direction) by the driving means. An ultra-compact lens driving device is disclosed!

In addition, (Patent Document 2) includes a first lens group having negative refractive power as a whole, a second lens group having positive refractive power as a whole, and a whole lens in order toward the image plane side. And a third lens group having a positive refractive power, the second lens group moves to the object side, and the third lens group moves again from the image side to the object side. A zoom lens is disclosed that moves to the surface side and wide-angle end force zooms to the telephoto end and corrects image plane fluctuations associated with zooming.

[0004] The conventional zoom lens as described above can be reduced in size and thickness to some extent by devising the lens driving method, but it is necessary to move the lens mechanically. It was necessary to secure a moving space, and the actual limit of the lens barrel thickness was about 10 mm. For this reason, there is a problem that the degree of freedom in the design of the appearance of mobile phones and the like is limited, and it is still necessary to avoid protruding the lens part. The current situation is that the company relies on the system. In addition, as the number of effective pixels of a camera increases further, it becomes increasingly important to fit the lens unit in a small housing.

[0005] Patent Document 1: JP 2004-258111 A

Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-212737

Disclosure of the invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

[0006] In view of the above-described conventional situation, the present invention is used in a lens system of a camera that is mounted on a device such as a mobile phone, and obtains an optical zoom function that is smaller and thinner and lighter than conventional ones. An object of the present invention is to provide a novel liquid crystal element that can be used.

Means for solving the problem

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides, as a first invention, an optical zoom system that is arranged with a lens on an optical axis and forms a refractive index distribution by applying a voltage to form an optical lens. A liquid crystal element that exhibits a function of a liquid crystal, comprising a liquid crystal and a plurality of electrodes facing each other with the liquid crystal interposed therebetween, so that the alignment state of the liquid crystal changes concentrically around the optical axis when a voltage is applied. A liquid crystal element configured as described above is provided.

[0008] According to this configuration, a predetermined refractive index distribution is given to the entire element corresponding to the alignment state of the liquid crystal changing concentrically, the focal point moves, and the optical zoom function is exhibited.

[0009] Further, the second invention is a liquid crystal element that is arranged with a lens on an optical axis to constitute an optical zoom system, forms a refractive index distribution by applying a voltage, and exhibits an optical zoom function. And a plurality of electrodes facing each other with the liquid crystal interposed therebetween, and at least one of the electrodes has a radius when a plurality of non-electrode portions having no electrode material are concentrically divided on the electrodes. Provided is a liquid crystal element that is formed in an arrangement pattern in which the size and / or the arrangement interval are changed along the direction, and that the liquid crystal is non-uniformly aligned inside the non-electrode portion when a voltage is applied.

[0010] According to this configuration, an electric field is formed in the central portion of the plurality of non-electrode portions that is weak in the direction perpendicular to the electrode, and the electric field is inclined in the direction where the electric field is inclined at the end portion of the non-electrode portion. Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules are non-uniformly aligned along the electric field distribution, so that the refractive effect (lens effect) of the light whose refractive index continuously changes from the center to the periphery of the non-electrode part is obtained. can get. Since the non-electrode portion is not enlarged and the arrangement interval is changed concentrically on the electrode, a predetermined refractive index distribution is given to the entire element, the focal point moves, and the optical zoom function is exhibited.

[0011] Further, the third invention is a liquid crystal element that is arranged together with a lens on an optical axis to constitute an optical zoom system, and that forms a refractive index distribution by applying a voltage to exert an optical zoom function. And a plurality of electrodes facing each other with the liquid crystal interposed therebetween, and at least one of the electrodes has a radius when a plurality of non-electrode portions having no electrode material are concentrically divided on the electrodes. It is formed with an arrangement pattern in which the size and / or arrangement interval is changed along the direction, and the liquid crystal is non-uniformly oriented when applying voltage inside the non-electrode part, and different voltages are applied. Provided is a liquid crystal element in which a plurality of linear electrodes are arranged in an annular shape at a predetermined interval along the arrangement pattern changing concentrically.

[0012] According to this configuration, by changing the size or arrangement interval of the non-electrode portions in a concentric manner as described above, a desired refractive index distribution can be obtained, and a plurality of linear electrodes can be formed in a ring shape. By further applying a voltage to the predetermined portion, the above refractive index distribution is more emphasized and the optical zoom function is improved.

[0013] In addition, according to a fourth invention, in the liquid crystal element according to the second invention or the third invention, the arrangement interval of the plurality of non-electrode parts is irregular in each concentrically divided region on the electrode. It is characterized by being.

[0014] According to this configuration, the spacing between adjacent non-electrode parts is irregular (random).

The wave front disturbance due to the optical interference effect is prevented.

[0015] Further, the fifth invention is characterized in that in the liquid crystal element according to the second invention or the third invention, the shape of the non-electrode portion is a circle or a pit shape.

[0016] According to this configuration, the shape of the non-electrode portion is optimized with respect to the light beam passing through the element. Here, the pit shape means a shape in which one axis is longer than the other axis perpendicular thereto, for example, the longer axis is formed parallel to the rubbing direction of the liquid crystal or perpendicular to the rubbing direction. can do.

[0017] In the sixth aspect of the invention, an optical zoom system is configured by being arranged together with a lens on the optical axis. Is a liquid crystal element that forms a refractive index distribution and exhibits an optical zoom function, and includes a liquid crystal and a plurality of electrodes facing each other with the liquid crystal interposed therebetween, and at least one of the plurality of electrodes A plurality of linear electrodes for applying different voltages are concentrically arranged at predetermined intervals with the optical axis as a center, and when the voltage is applied to the plurality of linear electrodes, the linear electrodes The arranged electrode acts as a resistance film, causes a voltage drop between the plurality of linear electrodes, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal changes concentrically around the optical axis. Provided is a liquid crystal element configured.

[0018] According to this configuration, the applied voltage continuously changes between the plurality of linear electrodes, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal changes according to the voltage value. A distribution is formed and the optical zoom function is exhibited.

[0019] Further, according to a seventh aspect of the invention, in the liquid crystal element according to the sixth aspect of the invention, the electrode on which the plurality of linear electrodes are arranged is constituted by a plurality of region covers having different resistance values. It is characterized by.

[0020] According to this configuration, in addition to the effect of the sixth aspect of the invention, the voltage drop between the plurality of linear electrodes is curved.

[0021] Further, an eighth invention is the liquid crystal element according to any one of the first, third, sixth, and seventh inventions, wherein an outside of a region through which a light beam passes when an optical zoom system is configured. It is characterized by shading.

[0022] According to this configuration, irregular reflection or the like of the external force in the region through which the light beam passes is blocked, and the image quality is stabilized.

[0023] Further, in the ninth invention, the optical zoom system is constituted by two liquid crystal elements stacked in the thickness direction and arranged with a lens on the optical axis, and a refractive index distribution is formed by applying a voltage. A liquid crystal element having a double cell structure that exhibits an optical zoom function, each liquid crystal element having a common electrode force on one side and a pair of substrates on which the segment electrode is formed on the other; The segment electrode includes a plurality of non-electrode portions where no electrode material is present. The segment electrode has a size or a disposition interval along a radial direction when the segment electrode is divided into concentric circles, or an arrangement interval thereof. It is formed with an arrangement pattern in which both are changed, and inside the non-electrode part, the liquid crystal is non-uniformly aligned when a voltage is applied. Each of the pair of substrates is provided with a plurality of holes in the thickness direction, and the holes are provided with terminals connected to either the common electrode or the segment electrode. One of them provides a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure in which an injection port for injecting liquid crystal is formed.

[0024] According to this configuration, the terminals for connecting to the common electrode and the segment electrode and the liquid crystal injection hole are arranged on the surface of the substrate.

In addition, as described above, since the liquid crystal molecules are non-uniformly oriented inside the plurality of formed non-electrode portions, the light refraction effect (lens effect) in which the refractive index changes from the center to the periphery of the non-electrode portions is obtained. As a result, a concentric refractive index distribution is obtained for the entire device. Therefore, the focal point moves and the optical zoom function is exhibited.

[0025] The tenth aspect of the invention is a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to the ninth aspect of the invention, wherein the alignment direction of the liquid crystal when no voltage is applied is orthogonal between the two liquid crystal elements. Features.

[0026] According to this configuration, a predetermined refractive index distribution is given to different polarized light (P-polarized light and S-polarized light).

[0027] Further, an eleventh aspect of the invention is the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to the ninth aspect of the invention, wherein the substrate is formed in a quadrangular shape, and the liquid crystal is sealed along a circular region through which the light flux of the substrate passes. In addition, a liquid crystal injection port and a terminal are provided in the vicinity of the corner portion other than the circular region.

[0028] Further, the twelfth aspect of the invention is the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to the tenth aspect of the invention, wherein the base plate is formed in a square shape, and the liquid crystal is shown along a circular region through which the light flux of the substrate passes. The liquid crystal injection port and the terminal are provided in the vicinity of the corner portion other than the circular region.

[0029] According to the configurations of the eleventh and twelfth inventions, the vicinity of the corner portion of the substrate is effectively used as a space for forming a hole, and the weight balance of the element is improved. In addition, when the liquid crystal expands or contracts, the whole is uniformly deformed, so that the optical zoom function is stable.

[0030] Further, the thirteenth invention is a liquid crystal having a double cell structure according to any of the ninth to eleventh inventions. In the element, the terminals connected to the common electrode of each stacked liquid crystal element, the terminals connected to the segment electrode of one liquid crystal element, and the terminals connected to the segment electrode of the other liquid crystal element are thick. It is characterized by being connected to each other in the vertical direction and integrated into terminals provided on one substrate located outside the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure.

[0031] The fourteenth aspect of the invention is the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to the twelfth aspect of the invention, wherein the terminals connected to the common electrode of each of the stacked liquid crystal elements, the segment electrode of one liquid crystal element The terminals connected to each other and the terminals connected to the segment electrode of the other liquid crystal element are connected to each other in the thickness direction and provided on the outermost substrate of the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure. It is characterized by being aggregated in each terminal.

[0032] According to the configurations of the thirteenth and fourteenth aspects of the present invention, the terminals for driving the elements are collectively arranged on one substrate.

[0033] Further, the fifteenth aspect of the invention is the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to the fourteenth aspect of the invention, wherein the terminal connected to the segment electrode of one liquid crystal element and the segment electrode of the other liquid crystal element are connected. The terminal to be connected is provided in the vicinity of the corner located diagonally to the rectangular substrate, and the terminal connected to the common electrode and the liquid crystal injection port are provided in the vicinity of the remaining corner. To do.

According to this configuration, the position of each terminal is set in consideration of the efficiency in manufacturing the element.

[0035] Further, the sixteenth invention shields the outside of the region through which the light beam passes when the optical zoom system is configured in the double cell structure liquid crystal element according to any one of the ninth to twelfth inventions. It is characterized by that.

[0036] According to this configuration, irregular reflection or the like of the external force in the region through which the light beam passes is blocked, and the image quality is stabilized.

[0037] Further, the seventeenth invention is a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to the fifteenth invention, wherein a terminal and an injection port corresponding to a large number of liquid crystal elements with respect to a base substrate. A step of forming a segment electrode, a step of forming a segment electrode, a terminal on which the terminal, the injection port, and the segment electrode are formed. For the process of combining another formed substrate, the process of injecting liquid crystal from the injection port after the combination, and the group in which a large number of liquid crystal elements manufactured through the above processes are arranged

A double cell comprising: a step of stacking another set obtained through the same steps by turning it over and rotating it 90 degrees; and a step of dividing the liquid crystal element into individual double cell structures. It is a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal element of a structure.

[0038] The eighteenth invention is a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to the fifteenth invention, wherein a terminal corresponding to a large number of liquid crystal elements is provided on a base material. And a step of forming a segment electrode, a step of combining the terminal and the substrate on which the segment electrode is formed with a terminal and an additional inlet at opposite positions and combining another substrate on which a common electrode is formed, After the process of injecting the liquid crystal from the injection port and the group in which a large number of liquid crystal elements manufactured through the above processes are arranged, another group obtained through the same processes is turned over and rotated 90 degrees. And a step of laminating and then dividing the liquid crystal element into individual double cell structure liquid crystal elements.

[0039] According to the configurations of the seventeenth and eighteenth aspects of the invention, the production of the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure is advanced in the state of the substrate serving as a base material until the final step. Then, the two liquid crystal element forces in which the alignment directions of the liquid crystal are perpendicularly crossed are manufactured by the same process.

[0040] The nineteenth aspect of the invention is the manufacturing method according to the seventeenth or eighteenth aspect of the invention, wherein a plurality of inspection wirings commonly connected to the respective terminals are formed on the surface of the substrate. The wiring is connected at one or both of the time before the step of laminating another set with respect to the set in which the liquid crystal elements are arranged, or before the step of dividing the liquid crystal elements into individual double-cell liquid crystal elements. It is characterized by performing inspection using it.

[0041] According to this configuration, the operation of the element is checked at once in the state of the base material before being divided into individual elements.

[0042] In addition, in the twentieth invention, in the manufacturing method according to the seventeenth or eighteenth invention, when another set is stacked on the set in which a large number of liquid crystal elements are arranged, the light flux is generated in a vacuum. It is characterized by being laminated through a sealing material provided in a closed state so as to surround a circular region that passes therethrough. [0043] According to this configuration, the two liquid crystal elements are in a vacuum state, and no adhesive is present, so that high light transmittance is maintained.

[0044] In addition, in the twenty-first invention, in the manufacturing method according to the seventeenth or eighteenth invention, when another set is stacked on a set in which a large number of liquid crystal elements are arranged, a light beam is emitted in the atmosphere. It is characterized by laminating via a sealing material provided in a partially open state so as to surround a circular region that passes through and an adhesive provided on the inner side of the sealing material.

[0045] According to this configuration, the step of laminating the two liquid crystal elements is efficiently performed in the atmosphere. In this case, it is preferable to select an adhesive having a refractive index close to that of the substrate. The invention's effect

[0046] The liquid crystal element of the present invention forms a plurality of non-electrode portions on an electrode and aligns liquid crystal molecules along a non-uniform electric field distribution formed at the positions of the non-electrode portions. Creates a refraction effect. Thereby, a continuous refractive index distribution can be formed in the entire element. This refractive index distribution can be changed arbitrarily by controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal by the applied voltage, so the optical zoom function can be achieved by moving the focal point when placed on the optical axis. It can be demonstrated.

The present invention eliminates the need for driving the lens in the optical zoom system or requires a minimum amount of driving, thereby providing an unprecedented small and thin optical zoom function, particularly suitable for ultra-small cameras such as mobile phones. Can be used.

[0047] In addition, the liquid crystal element of the present invention changes the size and arrangement interval of the plurality of non-electrode portions according to the position on the electrode, and the plurality of linear electrodes are arranged along the arrangement pattern of the non-electrode portions. It is characterized by being arranged at a predetermined interval. As a result, the refractive index change obtained by the non-electrode part becomes large at a plurality of places where the linear electrodes are disposed, and the refractive index distribution caused by the non-electrode part as a whole is more emphasized. Can

[0048] In addition, the liquid crystal element of the present invention has a plurality of linear electrodes arranged on a resistive film, and changes the alignment state of the liquid crystals concentrically by using a voltage drop between the linear electrodes. A predetermined refractive index profile can be formed in the element. This refractive index distribution can be arbitrarily controlled by the voltage applied to the linear electrode, and the focus is shifted when it is placed on the optical axis. The optical zoom function can be demonstrated by moving.

[0049] Furthermore, since the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to the present invention has a hole in the surface of the substrate and the hole portion is used as a terminal, it is difficult to apply force to the substrate compared to the case where the terminal is provided on the side. Will not be added. Therefore, a thinner substrate can be employed, and as a result, light weight and downsizing of the device can be achieved.

[0050] In addition, the liquid crystal is sandwiched in a circular shape at the center of the quadrangular substrate, and terminals are provided at the corners of the substrate. Therefore, the weight balance of the element is excellent, and even when the liquid crystal expands or contracts due to temperature changes Uniform deformation does not occur and the device performance can be maintained.

[0051] Then, according to the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to the present invention, the process of forming the terminal, the process of injecting the liquid crystal, etc. Therefore, the production efficiency can be improved and the cost can be greatly reduced.

In addition, when inspecting each element, since it can be performed in the state of the base material, high efficiency can be achieved.

In addition, two liquid crystal elements to be stacked can be manufactured in exactly the same process, and by simply turning one over and rotating 90 degrees, a liquid crystal element with a double cell structure in which the liquid crystal alignment directions are orthogonal can be easily manufactured. Can do. Therefore, productivity is extremely high and stable quality can be obtained.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a usage pattern of a liquid crystal element according to an embodiment (1).

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the liquid crystal element according to Embodiment (1).

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion A in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal element according to Embodiment (1).

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a state when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal element according to the embodiment (1).

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a liquid crystal element according to Embodiment (2).

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a liquid crystal element according to Embodiment (3).

FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a refractive index distribution obtained by the liquid crystal element according to Embodiment (3).

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a manufacturing process for the liquid crystal element according to the embodiment (3). FIG. 10 is a plan view of a liquid crystal element according to Embodiment (4).

FIG. 11 is a plan view of a liquid crystal element according to Embodiment (5).

FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a manufacturing process for the liquid crystal element according to the embodiment (5).

FIG. 13 is a plan view of a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to Embodiment (6).

FIG. 14 is a CC cross-sectional view of FIG.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG.

FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically showing a usage pattern of the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to Embodiment (6).

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing manufacturing steps of a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing manufacturing steps of a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a state of S103 in the S direction of FIG.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the terminal portion showing the state of SlO 3.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a state of S106 in the S direction of FIG.

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a state of S in the S direction of FIG.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a state of S205 in the T direction of FIG.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a state of S104 in the U direction of FIG.

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a state of S501.

FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a state of S305.

FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a state of S504.

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing another example of the state in S305.

FIG. 29 is a plan view and a side view of a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to Embodiment (7).

1A-1G LCD element

1FG Double-cell liquid crystal device

10 LCD

20, 21 electrodes

22 segment electrode 23 Common electrode 24 High resistance film

24a High resistance zone 24b Medium resistance zone 24c Low resistance zone 201 Non-electrode part 30, 31, 32, 33 Substrate 32a Light shielding part

32b Corner 320 Substrate as substrate 330 Substrate as substrate 40a-40d Linear electrode 400 Low resistance film 400a Low resistance film 50 SiO film

2

60A— 60F hole 61A— 61F terminal

70, 71, 71A

72 Adhesive

73 Inlet

74 Sealant

75 Conductive material

76 Mask

77 Wiring

E electric field

F, F 'focus

J lens

L Optical axis M Image plane

Pl, P2 polarization plane

Rl—R3 resistance

S1, S2 terminals

P, Q Refractive index distribution

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0054] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. In the following embodiments, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

First, an embodiment (1) of the present invention is shown in FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing how the liquid crystal element 1A according to the embodiment (1) is used, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the liquid crystal element 1A, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a cross section of the liquid crystal element 1A.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal element 1A is preferably used particularly for a small camera in a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) or the like, and with respect to an image plane M provided with a CCD, a CMOS, etc. A lens on the optical axis L: [A lens system is arranged together with the lens. Then, by applying a voltage to the element, a refractive index distribution is formed mainly in the surface direction of the element (perpendicular to the optical axis), and the focal point F is moved to the focal point F ′ (or vice versa) to perform optical measurement. It demonstrates the zoom function. Since light incident on the liquid crystal element 1A is polarized, a polarizer can be disposed on the optical axis L as necessary. Hereinafter, the configuration of the liquid crystal element 1A will be described in detail.

As shown in FIG. 4, the liquid crystal element 1A includes a liquid crystal 10 and two electrodes 20 and 21 and substrates 30 and 31 facing each other with the liquid crystal 10 interposed therebetween. A plurality of non-electrode portions 201 that do not exist are formed in a hole shape. In FIG. 4, the antireflection film (AR film) provided on the substrates 30 and 31, the liquid crystal alignment film generally provided between the electrodes 20 and 21 and the liquid crystal 10, the transparent insulating layer, etc. are shown. Is omitted. Further, a lead wire or the like is connected to the electrode 20 and the electrode 21 to apply a voltage.

As shown in FIG. 2, the sizes and arrangement intervals of the plurality of non-electrode portions 201 are continuously changed depending on the position on the electrode 20. Note that the number of non-electrode parts 201 is the force depicted in FIG. 2 for convenience. Actually, as shown in FIG. Is formed. Then, in this embodiment (1), the non-electrode portion 201 has a large diameter dl along the radial direction R when the electrode 20 is concentrically divided so that the diameter of the non-electrode portion 201 is also small. The continuous pattern is formed so that the arrangement interval d2 is wide and the interval force is also narrow.

[0059] When a voltage is applied between the electrodes 20 and 21, the state of the electric field E in the vicinity of the non-electrode portion 201 is as shown in FIG. That is, a strong electric field is formed in the direction a perpendicular to the electrode at the part a where the electrode 20 and the electrode 21 are opposed to each other, and the part b which is the central part of the non-electrode portion 201 is also in the direction perpendicular to the electrode. A weak electric field is formed. Then, in the portion c close to the boundary between the non-electrode portion 201 and the electrode 20, the electric field is inclined toward the electrode 20.

[0060] Then, when the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal 10 is positive, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the electric field E. Therefore, in the part a, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicular to the electrode, and in the part b. Since the electric field is weak, it remains parallel to the electrode, and the portion c is oriented obliquely. That is, the liquid crystal is in a non-uniform alignment state inside the non-electrode portion 201. At this time, the refractive index with respect to light passing through the element (abnormal light) forms a distribution in which the central force of the non-electrode portion 201 continuously decreases toward the periphery. Will show the effect. Thereby, a phase difference can be given to the light passing therethrough.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, when the size and arrangement interval of the non-electrode portion 201 are continuously changed depending on the position on the electrode, the phase difference obtained at each position is different. A rate distribution can be obtained, and as a result, the focal length of the lens system can be changed to obtain an optical zoom function.

[0061] When the voltage to be applied is changed, the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules changes accordingly. For example, when the voltage is increased, the liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned even at the center of the non-electrode portion 201, and conversely, the central force of the non-electrode portion 201 also shows a concave lens effect in which the refractive index increases toward the periphery. Become. In other words, since the refractive index distribution obtained for the entire device can be changed by the applied voltage, the necessary refractive index distribution is calculated for the set focal length, and the voltage is controlled according to the result. Thus, the focal length can be changed continuously. Furthermore, it is preferable that the arrangement interval of the non-electrode portions 201 is irregular (random arrangement) in each region (for example, the region X and the region Y) divided concentrically on the electrode 20. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the arrangement intervals hi and h2 are slightly different. In this way, it is possible to prevent a situation in which the light passing through the adjacent non-electrode parts interferes with each other and the wavefront is disturbed.

If it is expected that there is almost no interference effect due to the relationship between the wavelength of light and the arrangement interval, hi and h2 may be arranged regularly.

[0063] As the electrodes 20 and 21, conventionally known general electrodes can be used. Specifically, an ITO electrode in which an indium oxalate film is formed on transparent substrates 30 and 31 is preferably used.

[0064] Further, as a method for forming the non-electrode portion 201, a method in which the electrode 20 is first formed on the entire surface of the substrate 30 and then a plurality of non-electrode portions 201 are formed in a desired arrangement pattern by a photo process is preferable. Used for. In this way, it is possible to easily create a fine arrangement pattern that changes continuously. Alternatively, a method of performing through a mask when the electrode 20 is vapor-deposited or turned on the substrate 30 may be used.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment (2) of the present invention. This liquid crystal element 1B is the same as the above embodiment.

As in (1), the force that forms a plurality of non-electrode portions 201 on the electrode 20 has the same diameter. Then, from the center of the electrode 20 to the periphery, the arrangement interval of the non-electrode portions 201 is increased and the interval force is continuously changed to a narrow interval. In this way, when the arrangement of the non-electrode parts 201 is made dense, the density of the non-electrode parts 201 is high due to the light refraction effect (lens effect) at each non-electrode part when a voltage is applied. The obtained phase difference differs between the thin region and the thin region, and a predetermined refractive index distribution can be obtained for the entire device.

Next, an embodiment (3) of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9. In the liquid crystal element 1C of FIG. 7, a plurality of non-electrode portions 201 are formed on the electrode 20 sandwiching the liquid crystal, and the size and arrangement interval of the non-electrode portions 201 are set in the radial direction R in the same manner as in the embodiment (1). Is continuously changing. In this embodiment (3), the annular linear electrodes 40a to 40d are arranged along the arrangement pattern of the non-electrode portions 201 (pattern changing concentrically). It is characterized by.

[0067] The linear electrodes 40a to 40d are connected to the terminals Sl and S2, and are configured so that different voltages are applied using the resistors R1 to R3.

FIG. 8 schematically shows the refractive index distribution obtained by the liquid crystal element 1C. As shown in FIG. 8, when the refractive index distribution P is obtained by the lens effect of the non-electrode portion 201, the liquid crystal is more aligned in the portions s, t, u, and v where the linear electrodes 40a to 40d are disposed. As a result, the phase difference is increased by a predetermined amount, and as a result, the refractive index distribution P is emphasized and the refractive index distribution Q is obtained. Therefore, it is possible to make the zoom range wider. Here, the positions where the linear electrodes 40a to 40d are disposed and the voltage value applied to each of them can be determined based on the refractive index distribution P caused by the non-electrode portion 201. That is, it is preferable to set a voltage value proportional to the amount of phase change at each part of the refractive index distribution P. For example, when an IV voltage is applied between the terminals Sl and S2, the linear electrode 40a (V in FIG. IV for linear electrode 40b (corresponding to u), 0.6V for linear electrode 40c (corresponding to t), and OV for linear electrode 40d (corresponding to s). Resistors R1-R3 can be set so that the applied voltage of Needless to say, the linear electrodes 40a to 40d are not limited to the circuit configuration of FIG.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal element 1C according to the embodiment (3). First, as shown in FIG. 9A, an electrode such as ITO (low resistance film 400, several tens of Ω) is formed on a glass substrate 30. In this example, an SiO film 50 is formed between the substrate 30 and the low resistance film 400.

2

ing. This film is a passivation film that prevents elution of the sodium content from the substrate 30 and can be provided as necessary.

Subsequently, as shown in FIGS. 9 (b) and 9 (c), patterning of the low resistance film 400 is performed to form a linear electrode 40a, and an electrode 20 (high resistance) such as ITO is formed thereon. Film, tens to hundreds of kΩ). Then, as shown in FIG. 9 (d), by forming a plurality of non-electrode portions 201 at predetermined positions, a target substrate on which the linear electrodes 40a (40b-40d) and the electrodes 20 are formed is obtained. be able to. Note that the linear electrode 40a is extremely fine (several tens / zm) compared to the size of the element, and may be made of an opaque metal other than ITO in some cases.

[0070] The arrangement pattern of the plurality of non-electrode portions 201 is limited to the above embodiment (1) one (3). Absent. That is, according to the desired refractive index distribution or the like, the size and / or arrangement interval of the non-electrode portion 201 can be appropriately set depending on the position on the electrode 20. Specifically, for example, contrary to FIG. 2, when the size of the non-electrode portion is continuously changed from the central force of the electrode 20 toward the periphery to a small radial force and a large diameter, or contrary to FIG. In addition, there may be mentioned a case in which the arrangement interval of the non-electrode parts is continuously changed from a central force of the electrode 20 and a narrow interval force toward the periphery to a wide interval.

In each of the above-described embodiments, the non-electrode part may be formed on both the 1S electrode 20 and the electrode 21 which have formed the non-electrode part 201 only on the electrode 20. In this case, since the liquid crystal molecules are non-uniformly aligned even in the vicinity of the electrode 21, the obtained lens effect becomes stronger and the optical zoom function can be improved.

In addition, the electrode 20 can also be composed of several divided electrode forces, each having a plurality of non-electrode portions, and applying different voltages to each electrode to give a more complicated refractive index distribution as a whole. it can.

[0072] Further, in the above embodiment (1) -1 (3), the case where the shape of the plurality of non-electrode portions 201 is circular has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, Considering the rubbing direction, etc., other shapes can be used. Specific examples include a pit shape, an elliptical shape, and a semicircular shape.

Next, Embodiment (4) of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the liquid crystal element 1D of FIG. 10, as in the above-described embodiment (3), a plurality of linear electrodes 40a to 40d for applying different voltages are concentrically arranged at predetermined intervals around the optical axis. Has been established. Here, the linear electrodes 40a to 40d in FIG. 10 are disposed on the high resistance film 24. However, the high resistance film 24 is the same as the electrode 20 in the above embodiment (1) 1 (3). It is composed of ITO and others (unlike the electrode 20, it is called a high resistance film because no voltage is applied).

In the liquid crystal element 1D, when a voltage is applied to the linear electrodes 40a to 40d, a voltage drop is generated because the high resistance film 24 exists between the linear electrodes. For this reason, the liquid crystal is in different alignment states depending on the voltage continuously changing concentrically, and accordingly, a predetermined refractive index distribution is obtained. This refractive index distribution can be controlled arbitrarily by changing the voltage applied to the linear electrodes 40a-40d, so that the desired optical zoom function can be obtained. It becomes.

FIG. 11 shows a liquid crystal element according to Embodiment (5). This liquid crystal element 1E has a resistance film in which a plurality of linear electrodes 40a to 40d are arranged in a plurality of regions (high resistance zone 24a, medium resistance zone 24b, low resistance zone 24c) having different resistance values. It is characterized by that.

In this case, for example, on the inner side of the linear electrode 40c, the voltage of the linear electrode 40c drops rapidly due to the high resistance zone 24a, and then enters the middle resistance zone 24b, and the inclination of the voltage drop is small. Finally, the low-resistance zone 24c is connected to the central linear electrode 40d with a gradual voltage drop, and as a result, the refractive index distribution can be made more curvilinear.

FIG. 12 shows an example of a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal element 1E according to the embodiment (5). First, as shown in FIG. 12A, a low resistance film 400 (several tens of Ω) such as ITO is formed on a glass substrate 30. In this example, a SiO film 50 is formed between the substrate 30 and the low resistance film 400.

2

Yes. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 12B, patterning of the low resistance film 400 is performed to form a linear electrode 40a and a plurality of fine low resistance films 400a.

Next, as shown in FIG. 12 (c), a high resistance film 24 (several tens and hundreds of kQ) is formed, and as shown in FIG. 12 (d), pattern jung of the high resistance film 24 is performed, A plurality of non-electrode portions are formed at predetermined positions. Thereby, a plurality of regions having different resistance values can be obtained. That is, the region where the non-electrode portion is formed in a part of the high resistance film becomes the high resistance zone 24a, the region where the uniform high resistance film is formed becomes the medium resistance zone 24b, and the low resistance film is formed in a part. This area becomes the low resistance zone 24c.

In the above embodiments (4) and (5), the plurality of linear electrodes can be disposed on the other substrate side facing each other with the liquid crystal interposed therebetween.

In Embodiments (1) and (5) above, the opposing electrodes are not limited to a pair, and more electrodes may be stacked with the liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of liquid crystal elements 1A (two in the figure) can be used in combination. In this case, by changing the arrangement pattern of the non-electrode part or changing the applied voltage for each liquid crystal element 1A, different lens effects (refractive index distribution) are generated, and more complicated optical elements are generated. Function can be obtained.

Next, the embodiment (6) of the present invention will be described. FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to (6). 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. 13, and FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG. As shown in Fig. 13 to Fig. 15, the liquid crystal element 1FG having a double cell structure is formed by laminating two liquid crystal elements 1F and 1G having the same component power in the thickness direction through a conductive material 75 and a seal material 71. Is made up of. The liquid crystal element 1F (same for 1G) is roughly configured by sandwiching the liquid crystal 10 between the substrate 33 on which the common electrode 23 is formed and the substrate 32 on which the segment electrode 22 is formed. Note that a liquid crystal alignment film, a transparent insulating layer, and an antireflection film provided on the substrates 32 and 33 that are generally provided between the common electrode 23 and the liquid crystal 10, and between the segment electrode 22 and the liquid crystal 10. Etc. are not shown. Further, the liquid crystal 10 is sealed inside by a sealing material 70.

This double-cell liquid crystal element 1FG has a plurality of non-electrode portions (not shown) formed on the segment electrode 22 in the same manner as in the above embodiments (1) and (3). The size and arrangement interval of the non-electrode parts are changed concentrically. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 16, this element is placed on the optical axis L together with the other lens J, and a voltage is applied between the common electrode 23 and the segment electrode 22, resulting in non-electrode portions. An optical zoom function can be achieved by generating a refractive index profile and changing the focal point F to the focal point F ′ (or vice versa). The configuration of the non-electrode portion and each electrode is in accordance with the description of the above embodiment (1).

Further, particularly in this embodiment (6), the alignment directions of the liquid crystal 10 when the voltage is not applied to the liquid crystal elements 1F and 1G are orthogonal to each other. As a result, the wavefronts of the different polarization planes Pl and P2 (corresponding to P-polarization and S-polarization) of the light beam passing through the lens system can be similarly changed, and the image quality of the image can be further improved.

In this embodiment (6), holes 60A, 60B, and 60C are formed in the thickness direction of the substrate 32, and holes 60D, 60E, and 60F are formed in the substrate 33 as well. In each hole, terminals 61 A, 61 B, 61 C, 61 D, 61 E, 6 IF for connecting to the common electrode 23 and the segment electrode 22 are provided, respectively. That is, terminals 61A and 61D are connected to segment electrode 22 of liquid crystal element IF, terminals 61B and 61E are connected to common electrode 23, and terminals 61C and 61F are liquid crystal element 1 Each is connected to the G segment electrode 22. The opposing terminals (for example, the terminal 61B and the terminal 61E) are connected with a conductive material 75 interposed therebetween. Each terminal is formed by attaching a metal such as Ni-Au along the inner peripheral surface of the hole.

[0083] By arranging the terminals on the surfaces of the substrates 32 and 33 as described above, cracks can be made without applying a biased force to the element as compared with the case where the terminals are arranged in a concentrated manner on the sides of the substrate. Defects such as force are less likely to occur. Therefore, the substrates 32 and 33 can be made thinner (for example, 0.2 mm), and the element can be reduced in weight. Therefore, the entire optical zoom system can be further reduced.

Further, in this embodiment (6), an injection port 73 for injecting the liquid crystal 10 between the substrates 32 and 33 is formed on the surface of the substrate 32. The shape of the inlet 73 is circular, elliptical, or the like, and is appropriately sealed with a sealing material 74 after the liquid crystal 10 is injected.

In particular, in the example of FIG. 13, the terminals 61A-61F and the liquid crystal injection port 73 are all arranged on the surfaces of the substrates 32 and 33, and the opposing terminals are connected to each other in the thickness direction. Since the driving terminals provided in the liquid crystal element 1F are concentrated, the production efficiency of the element can be increased as will be described later.

Further, in the example of FIG. 13, the holes 60A-60F and the liquid crystal injection port 73 have a rectangular shape other than the circular region (region where the segment electrode 22 and the common electrode 23 are formed) through which the light beam passes. It is formed in the vicinity of the corner portion 32b on the substrate 32 (33) formed in the above. In addition, the sealing material 70 is provided in a substantially circular shape so that the liquid crystal 10 is sealed in a circular region through which the light beam passes. In this way, the surplus portion on the substrate 32 through which the light beam does not pass can be used effectively as the position of the terminal or the like, so that the element can be further downsized. In addition, the weight balance of the element can be optimized by arranging the terminal or the like in the corner portion 32b. As a result, high-precision driving is possible, and when the liquid crystal expands and contracts due to temperature changes, pressure is applied uniformly to the substrate 32, so that non-uniform deformation does not occur and the device performance is maintained. be able to.

In addition, in the example of FIG. 13, the force for forming the pattern of the segment electrode 22 to be directly connected to the terminal 61 A. In addition to this, for example, each electrode pattern having a closed circular region force is formed. After that, each electrode and each terminal may be connected by a lead wire or the like. Next, a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal element 1FG having the double cell structure according to the example of FIG. 13 will be described with reference to FIG. 17 and FIG.

First, processing steps of the substrate 32 in the liquid crystal correction element 1F will be described in order. Fig. 19 Fig. 22 shows a state seen from the S direction in Fig. 14. First, as shown in FIG. 17 and FIG. 19, holes 60A, 60B, 6OC corresponding to a large number of liquid crystal elements and a liquid crystal injection port 73 are formed at predetermined positions on a substrate 320 as a base material. (S101). Subsequently, after forming an antireflection film (AR film) on the entire surface of the base plate 320 as a base material (S102), terminals 61A, 61B, 61C are provided in the respective holes (S103). As will be described later, since the terminals 61A-61C need to overlap each other when the board 320 is turned upside down and rotated 90 degrees, the base board 320 is preferably square and arranged. The same number of liquid crystal elements are formed in the vertical and horizontal directions. When providing each terminal (for example, the terminal 61A), as shown in FIG. 20, after forming a mask 76 in a portion other than the hole 60A and then forming a metal to be the terminal 61A by bonding or the like. This is preferably done by removing the mask 76.

Subsequently, after forming a wiring used for inspection as described later on the side viewed from the U direction in FIG. 14 (S104), an electrode material is formed at a predetermined position by vapor deposition or the like (S105), Pattern electrodes such as etching are performed to produce segment electrodes 22 (S106). This state is shown in Fig. 21. Note that the above-described step of providing the terminal and the step of forming the wiring used for the inspection may be mixed.

[0090] Next, a transparent insulating layer is laminated on the S direction side as necessary, a liquid crystal alignment film such as PVA is formed, and rubbing is performed (S107). Further, a sealing material 70 for enclosing the liquid crystal is provided outside the segment electrode 22 by printing or the like (S108). This state is shown in FIG.

On the other hand, the other substrate (substrate 33 side) to be opposed is positioned at the same position as the above-mentioned substrate 320 with respect to the base substrate 330 as shown in FIG. 23 as viewed from the T direction in FIG. Holes 60D, 61E, 60F are formed (S201), AR film is formed (S202), then terminals 61D, 61E, 61F are provided (S203), electrode material is deposited (S204), patterning To form the common electrode 23 (S205). Further, a liquid crystal alignment film is formed and rubbed (S206), and a conductive material for connecting with each terminal of the substrate 320 to be opposed is provided by printing or the like (S207).

) o In some cases, the injection port 73 can be formed on the substrate 33 side, or the sealing material 70 can be printed on the substrate 33 side and the conductive material can be printed on the substrate 32 side.

Then, the substrate 320 and the substrate 330 on which the above-described terminals and the like are formed are combined so as to face each other (S301). This step is performed by bonding with an adhesive through a spacer.

Subsequently, liquid crystal is injected into the sealing material 70 from the injection port 73 (S302) and sealed with a sealing material. Then, using the terminals arranged on the substrate 320 as the base material, the device is inspected for operation (S303). At this time, since the wiring 77 is formed in advance on the substrate 320 as shown in FIG. 24 (S104), 100% inspection is performed at once using the wiring 77. NG marking is performed for the places that failed the inspection (S304).

[0093] Through the above steps (S101 to S303), a set in which a large number of liquid crystal elements 1F are arranged is obtained. Then, another set (the liquid crystal elements 1G are arranged) manufactured through the same steps (S101 to S303) is stacked on this set (S501). At this time, as shown in FIG. 25, another set is turned upside down in the Z direction and rotated 90 degrees in the X direction, and the substrate 330 side of the set in which the liquid crystal element 1F is arranged and the liquid crystal element 1G are arranged By laminating the substrate 330 side of the set, the common terminals and the corresponding segment terminals are combined, and the liquid crystal alignment direction is orthogonal.

[0094] When the sets are stacked, the sealant 71 and the conductive material 75 are printed in advance between the sets (S305, S401). Each of the sealing material 71 and the conductive material 75 may be provided on the liquid crystal element 1F side or on the opposite liquid crystal element 1G side.

As shown in FIG. 26, the sealing material 71 can be provided in a closed state so as to surround a circular region through which the light beam passes. In this case, it is necessary to perform the operation of stacking the sets in a vacuum so that the stacked state is not impaired by the expansion of the gas confined inside the sealing material 71. It is preferable that the sealing material 71 is closed and the inside is a vacuum because dust or the like does not enter the inside and the light transmittance can be increased.

[0096] Then, after the sets are stacked, the operation of the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure is tested using the terminals arranged on the base substrate 320 (S502). At this time, as in the case described above, 100% inspection can be performed at once using the wiring 77 formed on the substrate 320. . NG marking is performed for the parts that failed the inspection (S503).

[0097] Finally, as shown in FIG. 27, the base material substrate is cut into individual double liquid crystal elements 1FG using a dicer or the like (S504), and after a single product inspection step (S505). Ship (S5 07). Elements that fail the single item inspection are discarded or repaired or moved to the regeneration process (S506).

[0098] When the pairs are stacked, instead of the sealing material 71 shown in FIG. 26, as shown in FIG. 28, a seal provided in a partially opened state so as to surround a circular region through which the light beam passes. Material 71 A may be interposed. In this case, an adhesive 72 is provided on the inner side of the sealing material 71A, and the pair is bonded by the adhesive 72. The example in FIG. 28 has the advantage of high production efficiency because the work of stacking pairs can be performed in the atmosphere.

[0099] According to the manufacturing method as described above, the formation of each terminal and electrode, the liquid crystal injection step, and the like are all performed in the state of the base material before dividing into individual elements, so that the production efficiency is very high. High costs can be greatly reduced. In addition, it can easily cope with expansion of production scale.

In particular, the two liquid crystal elements to be stacked are manufactured in the same process rather than separately, and it is only necessary to turn one side over and rotate it 90 degrees, so the overall production efficiency is greatly improved.

Furthermore, the inspection process performed after the liquid crystal has been injected and sealed can be performed in the same state as the base material, which is extremely useful in the industry.

Next, the embodiment (7) of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the example of FIG. 29, the light shielding portion is provided outside the region through which the light beam passes when the optical zoom system is configured (the circular region provided with the segment electrode 22) for the liquid crystal element 1FG having the double cell structure described above. It is characterized by the formation of 32a. In addition, each terminal 61A-61C is excluded. The light shielding portion 32a can be formed by any appropriate means, for example, a method of providing a black coating film on the surface and end face of the substrate 32, or a black sealant when laminating the liquid crystal element 1F and the liquid crystal element 1G. A method of mixing a pigment or the like can be used as appropriate.

[0101] According to this embodiment (7), irregular reflection of the external force of the element (especially, light incident in the surface direction from the end face of the substrate 32) is blocked by the light blocking portion 32a, so that a good image can be maintained. Can do. The light shielding portion 32a in this embodiment (7) can also be applied to the liquid crystal element according to the above-described embodiments (1) and (5).

In the example of FIG. 29, the four corners of the substrate 32 are cut obliquely. This is preferable because the overall shape of the lens system can be made smaller because it is close to the outer shape (round shape) of other lenses. In addition, there is an advantage that the device can be reduced in weight by the cut amount.

Industrial applicability

Since the liquid crystal element of the present invention can form a predetermined refractive index distribution, it is not necessary to drive a lens when it is disposed in an optical zoom system, or a minimum drive is required. 'A thin optical zoom function can be provided, and it can be suitably used especially for ultra-small cameras such as mobile phones.

Claims

The scope of the claims

[1] A liquid crystal element that is arranged together with a lens on an optical axis to form an optical zoom system and forms a refractive index distribution by applying a voltage to exert an optical zoom function. The liquid crystal and the liquid crystal A liquid crystal element comprising a plurality of electrodes opposed to each other, wherein the alignment state of the liquid crystal changes concentrically around the optical axis when a voltage is applied.

[2] A liquid crystal element that is arranged together with a lens on an optical axis to constitute an optical zoom system and forms a refractive index distribution by applying a voltage to exert an optical zoom function. The liquid crystal and the liquid crystal A plurality of non-electrode portions that do not have electrode material in at least one of the electrodes, and are sized or arranged along a radial direction when the electrodes are divided concentrically. A liquid crystal element, which is formed in an arrangement pattern in which the interval or both are changed, and is configured such that the liquid crystal is non-uniformly aligned when a voltage is applied inside the non-electrode portion.

[3] A liquid crystal element that is arranged together with a lens on an optical axis to form an optical zoom system and forms a refractive index distribution by applying a voltage to exhibit an optical zoom function. The liquid crystal and the liquid crystal A plurality of non-electrode portions that do not have electrode material in at least one of the electrodes, and are sized or arranged along a radial direction when the electrodes are divided concentrically. A plurality of linear electrodes that are formed in an arrangement pattern in which the interval or both are changed and the liquid crystal is non-uniformly oriented when a voltage is applied inside the non-electrode portion and different voltages are applied. Are arranged in a ring at predetermined intervals along the concentrically arranged arrangement pattern.

[4] The liquid crystal element according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the intervals between the plurality of non-electrode portions are irregular in each of the concentrically divided regions on the electrode. Element.

5. The liquid crystal element according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the non-electrode portion has a circular shape or a pit shape.

[6] A liquid crystal element that is arranged together with a lens on an optical axis to form an optical zoom system and forms a refractive index distribution by applying a voltage to exert an optical zoom function. The liquid crystal and the liquid crystal A plurality of electrodes facing each other, and at least one of the plurality of electrodes A plurality of linear electrodes for applying different voltages are arranged concentrically at predetermined intervals around the optical axis, and when the voltage is applied to the plurality of linear electrodes, the linear electrodes The electrode acts as a resistance film, causes a voltage drop between the plurality of linear electrodes, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal changes concentrically around the optical axis. A liquid crystal element configured as described above.

[7] The liquid crystal element according to claim 6, wherein the electrode on which the plurality of linear electrodes are arranged includes a plurality of region forces having different resistance values. .

[8] The liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 11, 3, 6, and 7, wherein the outside of the region through which the light beam passes is shielded when an optical zoom system is configured.

[9] Consists of two liquid crystal elements stacked in the thickness direction, and is arranged with a lens on the optical axis to form an optical zoom system. By applying a voltage, a refractive index distribution is formed to demonstrate the optical zoom function. Each of the liquid crystal elements includes a pair of substrates having a common electrode formed on one side and a segment electrode formed on the other side, and a liquid crystal sandwiched between the pair of substrates. In the segment electrode, a plurality of non-electrode portions where no electrode material is present are changed in size and / or arrangement interval along the radial direction when the segment electrode is divided concentrically. It is formed in an arrangement pattern, and is configured such that liquid crystals are non-uniformly oriented when a voltage is applied inside the non-electrode portion, and each of the pair of substrates is provided with a plurality of holes in the thickness direction and Before the hole The common electrodes and the segment electrodes! /, Provided terminal connected to or deviation, the liquid crystal device of a double cell structure inlet for injecting liquid crystal is formed on one of said pair of substrates

[10] The liquid crystal device having a double cell structure according to claim 9, wherein the alignment direction of the liquid crystal when no voltage is applied is perpendicular to the two liquid crystal devices. Liquid crystal element.

[11] The liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to claim 9, wherein the substrate is formed in a square shape, the liquid crystal is sealed along a circular region through which the light flux of the substrate passes, and a corner portion other than the circular region. A liquid crystal element having a double cell structure, characterized in that a liquid crystal inlet and a terminal are provided in the vicinity.

12. The liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to claim 10, wherein the substrate is formed in a square shape, the liquid crystal is sealed along a circular region through which the light flux of the substrate passes, and near the corner portion other than the circular region And a liquid crystal injection port and a terminal. A liquid crystal element having a double cell structure.

[13] In the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to any one of claims 9-11, terminals connected to a common electrode of each of the stacked liquid crystal elements are connected to a segment electrode of one liquid crystal element. Terminals connected to the segment electrodes of the other liquid crystal element are connected to each other in the thickness direction, and the terminals provided on one substrate located outside the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure are connected to each other. A liquid crystal device with a double-cell structure, characterized by being integrated.

[14] The liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to claim 12, wherein the terminals connected to the common electrode of each of the stacked liquid crystal elements, the terminals connected to the segment electrode of one liquid crystal element, and the other The terminals connected to the segment electrodes of the liquid crystal element are connected to each other in the thickness direction and are aggregated into terminals provided on one substrate, which is the outermost side of the liquid crystal element having a double cell structure. A liquid crystal element having a double cell structure.

[15] The liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to claim 14, wherein the terminal connected to the segment electrode of one liquid crystal element and the terminal connected to the segment electrode of the other liquid crystal element have a rectangular shape. A double-cell liquid crystal element, characterized in that it is provided in the vicinity of a corner located on the opposite side of the substrate, and a terminal connected to the common electrode and a liquid crystal injection port are provided in the vicinity of the remaining corner.

[16] The liquid crystal device having a double cell structure according to any one of claims 9-11, wherein the outside of the region through which the light beam passes is shielded when the optical zoom system is configured. Liquid crystal element.

[17] The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to claim 15, wherein a step of providing terminals and injection holes corresponding to a large number of liquid crystal elements on a base substrate is provided; A step of forming the terminal, an injection port, and a segment electrode, and a step of combining another substrate on which a terminal is provided and a common electrode are formed on the substrate on which the common electrode is formed. A step of injecting liquid crystal and each of the steps For a group in which a large number of liquid crystal elements manufactured through the steps are arranged, another group obtained through the same steps is turned over, rotated 90 degrees, and stacked. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure.

[18] The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure according to claim 15, wherein a step corresponding to a large number of liquid crystal elements is provided on a substrate serving as a base material, and a segment electrode is formed. A step in which the terminal and the substrate on which the segment electrode is formed are provided with a terminal and another injection port at a position facing each other, and another substrate on which the common electrode is formed, and after the combination, For the group in which the liquid crystal is injected and the group in which a large number of liquid crystal elements manufactured through the above steps are arranged, another group obtained through the same steps is turned over and rotated by 90 degrees and stacked. A process for producing a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure, comprising: a step of dividing the liquid crystal element into individual liquid crystal elements having a double cell structure.

[19] In the manufacturing method according to claim 17 or 18, for a set in which a test wiring connected in common to each terminal is formed on the surface of the substrate and a plurality of liquid crystal elements are arranged. Inspection is performed using the wiring at one or both times before the step of laminating another set or before the step of dividing into individual liquid crystal elements having a double cell structure. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure.

[20] In the manufacturing method according to claim 17 or 18, when another set is stacked on a set in which a large number of liquid crystal elements are arranged, the set is closed so as to surround a circular region through which a light beam passes in a vacuum. A method for producing a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure, characterized in that the liquid crystal element is laminated through a sealing material provided in a closed state.

[21] In the manufacturing method according to claim 17 or 18, when another set is stacked on the set in which a large number of liquid crystal elements are arranged, the circular region through which the light beam passes is surrounded in the atmosphere. A method for producing a liquid crystal element having a double cell structure, comprising: a sealing material provided in a partially opened state; and an adhesive provided inside the sealing material.