Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
  • F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
  • B64D15/02—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by ducted hot gas or liquid
  • B64D15/04—Hot gas application
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
  • F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
  • F02C7/047—Heating to prevent icing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
  • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
  • F02C9/28—Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
  • F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
  • F02C9/50—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow
  • F02C9/52—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow by bleeding or by-passing the working fluid
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D33/00—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
  • B64D33/02—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
  • B64D2033/0233—Arrangement in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes comprising de-icing means

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device and a method of protection against icing for aircraft engines.
• Aircraft and especially civil aircraft are, due to operating constraints and in particular because of the waiting time before takeoff, subjected to exposure time in icing important conditions, engines idling.
• Frost detection devices exist for the detection of in-flight icing conditions. These systems are based on a sensor with a frost sensing element that provides information when the aircraft is passing through a freezing cloud.
• These devices whose main purpose is to warn the crew but which can also be used to automatically engage the aircraft's frost protection systems, include a probe requiring airflow to provide reliable information.
• Such a probe may also be installed in the engine air inlet and be subjected to the air flow sucked by the engine, which also provides information when the aircraft performs operations on the ground.
• the probe is used to provide an alarm indicating the presence of ice but does not determine the amount of ice accumulated real.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for the protection against icing of parts of aircraft engines comprising firstly detecting the quantity or thickness of accumulated ice in order to apply the deicing procedures only in response to real and determined icing.
• the present invention relates in the first place to a device for protection against icing of aircraft engines, characterized in that it comprises a sensor responsive to a quantity of accumulated ice disposed in the air inlet of a vehicle. an aircraft engine, a system for measuring said quantity and for comparing said quantity with a predetermined threshold and a triggering system intended to initiate a response to a detection of crossing the predetermined threshold.
• the response may notably include the triggering of an alarm and / or the display on the dashboard of an engine speed increase instruction.
• the purpose of the present invention is to propose an aircraft engine icing protection device making it possible to unload the pilots from the task of monitoring engine icing conditions.
• the device is connected to a control system engine comprising means for regulating the engine speed, the response comprising an increase in the engine speed.
• the triggering system and / or the engine control system are connected to means for measuring the temperature and comprise means for managing the duration of the increase in the engine speed as a function of the temperature and the quantity of ice measured.
• the invention further comprises the production of an aircraft engine deicing method mainly comprising a step of measuring a quantity of ice on at least one wall of an engine element, a step of comparing the quantity of ice measured at a predetermined threshold quantity and a step of triggering a response at the crossing of the predetermined threshold.
• the method further comprises a step of increasing the engine speed and / or a hot air return step upstream of the engine in response to the crossing of the determined threshold.
• the method comprises a step of delaying the increase of the engine speed by the engine control system as a function of a storage of parameters representative of the duration of icing conditions and the adaptation of the engine speed. the delay according to said parameters.
• FIG. 1 a schematic sectional view of an aircraft engine equipped with a sensor according to the invention
• Figure 2 a schematic view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention
• FIG. 3 a schematic representation of the deicing process according to the invention.
• the anti-icing device is based on a detection of a quantity of ice accumulated at an element of the air inlet 20 of an aircraft engine such that represented in FIG. 1.
• the device comprises at least one sensor 1, sensitive to a quantity of accumulated ice disposed in the air intake of the engine 2 at a location representative of the icing of the engine.
• the representative location for icing is determined by tests and measurements in icing conditions, this location may be in front of the fan 21 as shown in Figure 1 or behind this fan according to the engine configuration concerned.
• the device comprises a measurement system 3 for the quantity of ice detected by the sensor 1.
• the measurement system can be integrated in the sensor housing or placed near a motor control system. such as an engine management management calculator.
• the device further comprises a comparison system 4 of said quantity with a predetermined threshold S and a trigger system 5.
• the comparison system can be integrated into the measurement system 3 or to the triggering system 5, the latter being intended for its part. initiating a response to a detection of crossing the predetermined threshold.
• the determined threshold is a datum included in a computer of the aircraft.
• This datum may be a datum calculated from external data such as the cumulative rolling time or engine idling time and the external conditions and in particular the outside temperature, but this datum may also be a fixed datum corresponding to a maximum limit value of Ice acceptable by the engine.
• response is meant the triggering of a process for de-icing the engine and, according to the invention, the response appears on a detection of a quantity of ice.
• the most common process used to defrost the engine is to increase the engine speed.
• the triggering system 5 is connected to an alarm device 6 at the dashboard of the aircraft, the response comprising the triggering of the alarm device 6 and / or the display on the dashboard of the aircraft. an instruction to increase the engine speed, the pilots being responsible for increasing the engine speed to defrost the latter.
• the device may simply comprise means for detecting the motor acceleration applied by the pilots and be configured for maintain the alarm for a period of time compatible with a correct defrost of the engine according to this acceleration.
• This embodiment already has the advantage over previous procedures of no longer require pilots to monitor the icing conditions and idle time engine, and to initiate periodic and systematic motor acceleration phases but, their allow to initiate these deicing phases only in good time.
• the trigger system 5 is furthermore connected to an engine control system 7 comprising means for regulating the engine speed, said response comprising an automatic increase in the engine speed. timed by the engine control system 7.
• the alarm device remains present because, as the increase in the engine speed necessary for deicing up to 70% of the speed N1 of the fan 21, it is desirable for the pilots to be warned of the activation of the device.
• the engine speed is automatically accelerated to initiate the defrosting phases, the alarm being in this case an indication given to the drivers that a defrosting phase begins or will begin to allow them for example to brake the 'plane.
• the triggering system 5 and / or the engine control system 7 are connected to means 8 for measuring the engine air inlet temperature and comprise means for managing the duration the increase in engine speed as a function of the temperature and quantity of ice measured.
• optimization of the deicing process consisting in limiting the engine acceleration phases over a period of time that is really necessary and sufficient for this deicing operation, this duration being a function not only of the quantity of ice accumulated at the level of the monitored part but also external conditions whose severity may be such that other areas may be heavily loaded with ice.
• the device is connected to a system 22 for collecting hot air and returning hot air upstream of the engine.
• the device can initially open a valve 23 of hot air sampling, extracting hot air in a hot part of the engine, typically a low or medium pressure compressor stage on which hot air can be taken without affecting the proper functioning of the engine while optimizing the defrosting critical parts of the engine subject to ice accumulation by returning hot air to the latter or upstream of the latter.
• the device according to the invention may further comprise memory means and calculation means configured to achieve a plurality of times corresponding to icing conditions and adapt the timing of the increase of the engine speed to said accumulation. These means may be included in one of said measuring system 3 and motor control system 7.
• the sensor 1 may consist of an integrated surface probe on an engine surface subjected to icing and measuring an ice extent but preferably consists of a vibrating finger probe subjected to the flow of air entering the engine. Several sensors may be arranged at different locations from the air inlet.
• the vibrating finger probe is a magnetostrictive sensor probe comprising a cylindrical rod vibrating under the action of an electronic oscillator circuit at a frequency of the order of 40 Hz, and a detection circuit of the vibration frequency of the probe. .
• the vibration frequency of the stem decreases as a function of the accretion of ice on the sensor, which gives a measure of the amount of ice in the area to be monitored and makes it possible to trigger the deicing device from an icing threshold chosen, either fixed predefined or dynamically defined according to the operating conditions of the aircraft.
• the operating principle of the deicing device makes it possible to implement an aircraft engine deicing method according to the invention.
• This method comprises a step 10 of measuring an amount of ice on at least one wall of an element of the engine, a step 11 of comparing the quantity of ice measured with a quantity predetermined threshold and a step 12 of triggering a response to the crossing the predetermined threshold.
• the response may be as seen previously the triggering of an alarm 16 but, according to a preferred embodiment, the response is a step 13 of increasing the engine speed in response to the crossing of the determined threshold.
• This step according to the example has a duration dependent on stored conditions, the method comprising a step 14 of delaying the increase of the engine speed by the engine control system as a function of the storage of parameters representative of the duration of icing conditions and adapting the delay according to said parameters.
• step 17 When the delay is complete or when the amount of ice measured has returned to a lower limit (step 17), the engine speed is reduced to idle and the system is returned to standby.
• the engine control system may comprise external event detection means making it possible to cancel the engine speed increase instructions on the occurrence of external events such as that some action on the controls on the part of the pilots or on manual acceleration of the engine speed.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
• Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
• Testing Of Engines (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Citations (6)

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• 2004
  • 2004-09-21 FR FR0452110A patent/FR2875542B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2005
  • 2005-09-12 WO PCT/FR2005/050733 patent/WO2006032808A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2005-09-12 JP JP2007526523A patent/JP4915745B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-09-12 CA CA2578408A patent/CA2578408C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-09-12 EP EP05799843.7A patent/EP1794429B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-09-12 BR BRPI0515362-0A patent/BRPI0515362A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-09-12 US US11/574,023 patent/US7921632B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-09-12 RU RU2007114907/06A patent/RU2349780C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-09-12 CN CNB2005800318314A patent/CN100520013C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

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