WO2006025215A1 - 不均一電場を使用した非極性複合分子の運動の電気的検出法 - Google Patents
不均一電場を使用した非極性複合分子の運動の電気的検出法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006025215A1 WO2006025215A1 PCT/JP2005/015018 JP2005015018W WO2006025215A1 WO 2006025215 A1 WO2006025215 A1 WO 2006025215A1 JP 2005015018 W JP2005015018 W JP 2005015018W WO 2006025215 A1 WO2006025215 A1 WO 2006025215A1
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- electric field
- nonpolar
- electrode
- molecule
- molecules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C5/00—Separating dispersed particles from liquids by electrostatic effect
- B03C5/02—Separators
- B03C5/022—Non-uniform field separators
- B03C5/026—Non-uniform field separators using open-gradient differential dielectric separation, i.e. using electrodes of special shapes for non-uniform field creation, e.g. Fluid Integrated Circuit [FIC]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N2013/003—Diffusion; diffusivity between liquids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical detection method for motion of a nonpolar molecule.
- Dielectric measurement using a uniform electric field is widely used for analysis of molecular motion in solids, liquids, and gases.
- molecules are classified into polar molecules that do not have a symmetry center and have an electric dipole efficiency, and nonpolar molecules that have a symmetry center and do not have an electric dipole efficiency.
- the dielectric constant of a solid or liquid containing polar molecules with internal rotational degrees of freedom is measured as a function of frequency using the conventional method of measuring the electrical response of a substance under a uniform electric field, it is as shown in Fig. 10.
- a graph is obtained. As shown in this figure, the limit frequency at which the rotational movement of the molecules cannot follow the time change of the AC voltage.
- the dielectric loss peaks and the dielectric constant decreases.
- the conventional measurement method using a uniform electric field can analyze the motion of a molecule with an electric dipole efficiency, but does not have a dipole efficiency! It is impossible to analyze the motion of a nonpolar molecule.
- optical methods such as Raman scattering and neutron inelastic scattering methods have been used. Since the optical method uses visible light (10 14 Hz), the observable relaxation phenomena are limited, and phenomena below 10 11 Hz are difficult to measure. Inelastic neutron scattering also uses neutrons with a frequency of about 10 12 Hz, so it is difficult to capture motion slower than 10 1Q Hz due to energy resolution.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Physical Science Ryo Sakata Published by Bakukan 1989 p221
- Non-Patent Document 2 Introduction to Material Structure and Dielectrics Masaaki Takashige, Hanakabo 2003, published p46
- Non-patent Document 3 Raman Spectroscopy Hiroo Tsuji, “Reiko Hirakawa, Ed.
- the conventional method using a uniform electric field is suitable for detecting the motion of a polar molecule having a dipole efficiency.
- the force acting on each dipole efficiency cancels out, so there is no interaction between the electric field and the molecular axis direction, and it is uniform.
- the electric field method cannot detect the motion of nonpolar molecules. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for electrically detecting the motion of this nonpolar complex molecule.
- complex molecule refers to a group of atoms composed of multiple nuclear powers in a broad sense.
- the electrical detection method of the motion of a nonpolar composite molecule according to claim 1 of the present invention is the dielectric measurement of a solid, a liquid and a gas containing the nonpolar composite molecule. It is characterized by providing a heterogeneous electric field with different values among the molecules that compose a polar composite molecule. In other words, it causes a difference in the force acting on the dipole efficiency of the molecules that make up the nonpolar composite molecule, induces an interaction between the molecular axis direction of the nonpolar composite molecule and the electric field, and the direction of the nonpolar composite molecule Changes, that is, movements are detected electrically.
- the non-uniform electric field is generated by a plurality of stripe electrodes arranged in opposing comb shapes. It is characterized by being made to live.
- the heterogeneous electric field is generated using a stripe electrode having a self-similar fractal structure. It is characterized by making it.
- the non-uniform electric field is generated using an electrode having a surface with irregularities. It is characterized by.
- the electrical detection method for the motion of the nonpolar complex molecule according to claim 6 of the present invention is as follows. Leave
- the electrical detection method of the motion of the nonpolar composite molecule according to claim 7 of the present invention is the method of claim 1, wherein the non-uniform electric field and the octupole efficiency of the nonpolar composite molecule are Based on the action, the movement of the nonpolar complex molecule is detected.
- the electrical detection method for the motion of the nonpolar composite molecule according to claim 8 of the present invention is the method according to claim 7, wherein the octupole efficiency of the nonpolar composite molecule and the inhomogeneous electric field it characterized in that the value of the orientation energy given by the product of the electric field gradient between 1 X 10- 28 joules or more.
- the electrode according to claim 9 of the present invention is used for dielectric measurement of solids, liquids and gases containing nonpolar composite molecules, and has different values of heterogeneity among the molecules constituting the nonpolar composite molecules.
- An electrode for applying an electric field wherein a plurality of strip electrodes arranged in a comb shape facing each other are arranged on an insulating substrate.
- the electrode according to claim 10 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 9, the stripe electrode has a thick original and a thin tip.
- the electrode according to claim 11 of the present invention is used for dielectric measurement of solids, liquids, and gases containing nonpolar composite molecules, and has different values of nonuniformity among the molecules constituting the nonpolar composite molecules.
- An electrode for applying an electric field which is characterized in that a self-similar fractal-structured strobe electrode is disposed on an insulating substrate.
- the electrode according to claim 12 of the present invention is used for dielectric measurement of solids, liquids and gases containing nonpolar composite molecules, and has different values of heterogeneity among the molecules constituting the nonpolar composite molecules.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the interaction between an electric field and a molecule!
- the conventional dielectric measurement method using a uniform electric field generated by parallel plate electrodes is based on the interaction between the electric dipole efficiency indicated by the arrow from B to A and the electric field E, as shown in Fig. 1 left (a).
- Fig. 1 left (a) By utilizing the change in the direction of the molecular axis as shown by the short arrow. Forces for which this method is effective in the case of polar molecules with dipole efficiency
- Fig. 1 right (b) the two dipole efficiency A + B- and CD + of the arrows are bound in opposite directions.
- the molecular axis can be rotated by an external electric field.
- the dipole efficiency shown here is defined as the quadrupole efficiency when two are connected in the opposite direction. The above means that the electric field change (electric field gradient) and quadrupole efficiency interact. Therefore, if this interaction is used, it is possible to electrically detect the change of the molecular axis of a nonpolar molecule, that is, the molecular motion.
- unit charge is positioned
- [0075] is the first derivative of the potential due to the unit charge (electric field)
- [0084] is the first derivative of the electric field position, that is, the second derivative of the potential
- the third term after the expansion is the third derivative with respect to the position of the potential, that is, the second derivative of the electric field [0090] [Equation 34]
- a conventional dielectric measurement method using a uniform electric field of parallel plates is a bipolar term that is a measure of the first term of the potential expansion, that is, a first-order differential term with respect to the position of the electrostatic potential, that is, an electric field, and a charge bias. Utilizes interaction of child efficiency. In the uniform electric field method using the first term of this development, it is impossible to electrically detect the motion of a nonpolar molecule without dipole efficiency.
- the non-uniform electric field method in the present invention is based on the interaction between the first derivative (electric field gradient) and quadrupole efficiency with respect to the electric field position in the second term of the potential expansion.
- Quadrupole efficiency is the combination of two dipole efficiency in the opposite direction.
- This second term is a quadrupole by using a place-dependent electric field that generates an electrode that is not a flat plate, that is, an electric field whose electric field value varies between the constituent molecules of a nonpolar composite molecule.
- Non-polar molecules with high efficiency are electrically driven
- an electrode plate having a stripe structure is used instead of a uniform flat plate.
- Figure 2 shows one such electrode. This is arranged on a flat insulating substrate 1 made of ceramic, glass epoxy, or the like, with a large number of linear electrodes arranged substantially in parallel, that is, two comb-shaped electrodes made of strip electrodes 2. It is what. Here, the two comb-shaped electrodes are arranged so that the stripe electrodes 2 are alternately positioned.
- This comb-shaped electrode can be formed by a microfabrication technique such as direct processing using a photoresist layer commonly used in the production of printed circuit boards.
- the measurement sample 12 (solid powder, liquid and gas) is sandwiched between the upper and lower electrodes so that the thickness of the sample is about the distance between the stripe electrodes 9, and the lead wire 11 is connected to a capacitance meter or LCR meter. Connect to and measure the real part of dielectric constant and dielectric loss, or AC conductivity.
- the direction of the nonpolar complex molecule can be electrically changed.
- an energy flow from the electrode to the rotational energy of the nonpolar complex molecule occurs through the non-uniform electric field, and this energy flow can be electrically detected as a change in dielectric loss.
- Searching for the limit frequency of rotation of a complex molecule from the frequency dependence of AC impedance, such as dielectric constant and dielectric loss, is the same as the conventional method using a uniform electric field.
- potassium hydrogen is bonded via hydrogen through two hydrogen carbonate molecules.
- This (HCO) molecule has two dipole moments bound in opposite directions, so the dipole moment is
- Figure 6 shows the dielectric loss of (HCO) molecules when using a non-uniform electric field with a comb-shaped electrode.
- the distance between the electrodes be fine.
- the distance between the stripe electrodes and the electrode width take into account the response to the AC frequency. Need to design. At low frequencies (less than 1 kHz), the width and width of sub-microns can be used, and a strip electrode with a length of several centimeters can be used. At higher frequencies, the width of the stripe electrode is increased in consideration of the electrode inductance. It is necessary to design a shorter length.
- the orientation energy given by the product of the magnitude of the quadrupole efficiency of the nonpolar complex molecule and the electric field gradient of the heterogeneous electric field is The larger the value, the more accurately the molecular motion can be detected.
- hydrochloric acid (HC1) with a typical dipole has a dipole efficiency of 1.7 X 10- 29 C'm, and is arranged at an interval of 1 mm, for example, by a conventional method.
- a sample is placed between the two plate electrodes and an IV voltage is applied between the electrodes to perform dielectric measurement.
- Field between the electrodes at this time, because it is lo Zm, orientation energy hydrochloride molecule is a 1. 7 X 10- 26 joules dipole moment and the electric field of the product.
- the size of the 2-pole efficiency 14. a 3 X 10- 4 ° C'm 2.
- Two electrodes of this example arranged at an interval of 1 ⁇ m are arranged at an interval of 1 ⁇ m so that the electrode surfaces are substantially parallel with the electrode surfaces facing each other so that the stripe electrodes are at right angles
- the electric field strength is 10 6 VZm.
- the magnitude of the electric field gradient becomes 10 12 VZm 2.
- the orientation energy of the carbon dioxide gas molecules becomes 1. 4 X 10- 27 Joules, conventional salt It can detect the motion of nonpolar complex molecules with quadrupole efficiency with the same accuracy as the dielectric measurement of acid molecules. In order to obtain a certain degree of measurement accuracy, so that the value of the orientation energy given by the size and the product of the electric field gradient of the inhomogeneous electric field quadrupole efficiency nonpolar conjugated molecule is 1 X 10- 28 joules or more It is preferable to select stripe electrodes having an appropriate interval.
- FIG. 7 shows another example of the electrode used in Example 1.
- a variation of the comb electrode in which the base of the stripe electrode 14 is designed to be wide and tapered is shown. is there.
- This inclined comb-shaped electrode has also improved the disadvantage that it easily breaks at the time of joint force photoetching between the stripe electrode 14 and the terminal electrode 15.
- the electrical detection method of the motion of the nonpolar composite molecule of the present example is the molecule constituting the nonpolar composite molecule in the dielectric measurement of solid, liquid and gas containing the nonpolar composite molecule.
- the non-polar complex molecule is detected based on the interaction between the heterogeneous electric field and the quadrupole efficiency of the non-polar complex molecule. .
- the electrode shown in Fig. 8 is an improvement of the comb-shaped electrode, and the stripe electrode is formed of a fractal figure.
- a fractal figure is also called a self-similar figure, and each figure corresponds to a reduced version of the whole figure.
- the unit electrode 18 represents the basic structural unit of the electrode. This is magnified 3 times and rotated 90 ° to form the top horizontal electrode group 19. Furthermore, this electrode group 19 is magnified three times, rotated 90 °, and vertically arranged to constitute the entire electrode group.
- the unit electrode 18 is composed of 20 micropatterned stripe electrodes that are reduced twice, and as a whole, electrodes of different sizes coexisting with the fourth power of 3 and approximately 100 times the scale coexist. Yes. Using the latest microfabrication technology, it is possible to easily create a coexisting fractal electrode with a 1000 times scale electrode.
- This fractal electrode resembles the vascular network of animals, and the thick electrode near the signal source has a low impedance, so it can respond up to high frequencies, and it has a strong force corresponding to the end capillaries.
- the stripe electrode is suitable for a low frequency response.
- the characteristics of fractal electrodes are that they are thicker and narrower as they go forward. The coexistence of several stages of electrode structures reduces the effective inductance of the stripe electrodes, improves the AC characteristics, and provides a wider frequency range. Is efficiently covered with one electrode.
- Fig. 9 shows an example of an electrode plate that has been processed to add micro-projections with a width and height of several microns. This electrode plate can also be made by horizontal NC precision milling.
- the example in Fig. 9 shows an electrode plate with fine projections of pyramid type quadrangular pyramids with apex angle of 30 ° made by scanning a milling blade at 20 micron intervals in a perpendicular direction.
- a ruling machine that is used when engraving a diffraction grating, or use laser micromachining technology starting from a metal mirror surface.
- the advantage of an electrode with irregularities on the surface is that the inductance of the electrode itself can be made very small. Therefore, it can be used up to a high frequency.
- Brass or phosphor bronze can be used as the material for this electrode, but it is necessary to examine the material so as to make the apex angle of the microprojection 23 as small as possible in order to increase the electric field gradient.
- in order to avoid contact and short circuit between the minute protrusion 23 on the electrode 22 and the opposite electrode 26 leave a little outside of the protrusion on the metal plate as shown in Fig. 9, and create a flat part 24 to sandwich the spacer. Place a Teflon (registered trademark) spacer (insulation sheet) 25 in the.
- the counter electrode on the opposite side of electrode 22 is a circle with many small holes in the metal part.
- Substrate 26 with small holes, metal disk 31, electrode 22 with projections on the surface, etc. can be used.1S For adjusting impedance matching at high frequency described later, the size and number of small holes that open the effective surface area of the electrodes The board 26 is the most suitable because it can be adjusted easily.
- the electrode surfaces of the two electrodes 22 and the substrate 26 are faced down so that they face each other, and a sample powder 27 to be measured is inserted between them with a thickness of several microns, and the whole is made of ceramic or Teflon ( It is stored in an insulator frame 28 made of registered trademark. Further, these accommodated electrodes are pressed by an insulating plate 29 with a coaxial connector and fixed to the four screw holes 30 in the insulator frame 28 with screws. The center line of the coaxial connector attached to the center of the insulating plate 29 is joined to the electrode portion of the board 26, and the ground wire outside the coaxial connector is connected to the metal plate 31 below through the metal thin plate 32.
- the substrate 26 having a small circular hole is formed by a technique such as photoresist using a glass epoxy substrate in the same manner as the above-described comb-shaped electrode.
- the characteristic impedance of 50 ⁇ is normally used in the dielectric measurement device in the MHz region, the diameter of the electrode 22 and the substrate 26 and the size and number of the small holes opened in the substrate 26 are the same as those of the electrode 22 and the substrate 26. Capacitance of the capacitor composed of the sample It is necessary to adjust so that the impedance at the frequency to be measured matches 50 ⁇ .
- the electrode for generating a non-uniform electric field according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can take various forms. For example, it is fine! /, Or you can use an electrode plate with a mesh metal mesh! /.
- dielectric measurement is widely used as one of the physical property evaluation and analysis methods in solids and liquids (condensates). This method extends the detection molecules in this method from polar molecules to nonpolar molecules, and can be used as a basic solid and liquid analysis method.
- the orientational order of macromolecules in plastics is one of the factors that determine their strength and electrical properties.
- Dielectric measurement has been used as a physical analysis method for polar molecules and has been effective. .
- the expansion of the non-polar molecule analysis method according to the present invention will also contribute to the development of plastic materials.
- the dielectric constant used in the semiconductor industry is extremely small! / And can be applied to quantitative evaluation of insulators (low-k-materials).
- FIG. 1 A diagram showing the rotation of a molecule by an electric field and the interaction between the electric field and the molecular axis.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of a comb electrode in Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electric field generated by the comb-shaped electrode as described above and changing depending on a place.
- FIG. 4 is a wiring diagram when two comb electrodes are connected in the vertical direction.
- FIG. 5 A diagram showing two hydrogen-bonded carbonic acid molecules in potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO).
- FIG. 6 Dielectric measurement data of potassium hydrogen carbonate measured using the non-uniform electric field of Example 1 of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature, and the vertical axis represents AC conductivity.
- FIG. 7 shows a modified comb electrode and a tilted comb electrode used in Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a fractal electrode for generating an electric field gradient used in Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an electrode having an uneven surface for generating an electric field gradient used in Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the frequency dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss in conventional technology.
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US11/574,312 US7619403B2 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-17 | Method for electrically detecting motion of nonpolar composite molecule by utilizing nonuniform electric field |
JP2006531831A JP4599566B2 (ja) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-17 | 不均一電場を使用した非極性複合分子の運動の電気的検出法 |
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JP2007033219A (ja) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-08 | Niigata Univ | 非極性分子の誘電測定法 |
US11944495B2 (en) | 2017-05-31 | 2024-04-02 | Foundry Innovation & Research 1, Ltd. | Implantable ultrasonic vascular sensor |
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- 2005-08-17 WO PCT/JP2005/015018 patent/WO2006025215A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-08-17 JP JP2006531831A patent/JP4599566B2/ja active Active
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JPH03502728A (ja) * | 1987-10-02 | 1991-06-20 | マサチューセッツ インスティテュート オブ テクノロジー | 物質内の誘電率測定方法および装置 |
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JP2002536751A (ja) * | 1999-02-01 | 2002-10-29 | キャッシュコード カンパニー インコーポレーテッド | 特殊な紙の誘電特性を評価するためのセンサー |
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JP2007033219A (ja) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-08 | Niigata Univ | 非極性分子の誘電測定法 |
US11944495B2 (en) | 2017-05-31 | 2024-04-02 | Foundry Innovation & Research 1, Ltd. | Implantable ultrasonic vascular sensor |
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US7619403B2 (en) | 2009-11-17 |
US20070273356A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
JPWO2006025215A1 (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
JP4599566B2 (ja) | 2010-12-15 |
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