WO2006022497A1 - Nitride semiconductor light emitting device and fabrication method thereof - Google Patents

Nitride semiconductor light emitting device and fabrication method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006022497A1
WO2006022497A1 PCT/KR2005/002756 KR2005002756W WO2006022497A1 WO 2006022497 A1 WO2006022497 A1 WO 2006022497A1 KR 2005002756 W KR2005002756 W KR 2005002756W WO 2006022497 A1 WO2006022497 A1 WO 2006022497A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
nitride semiconductor
light emitting
emitting device
ingan
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PCT/KR2005/002756
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French (fr)
Inventor
Suk Hun Lee
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Lg Innotek Co., Ltd
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Priority to EP05781228A priority Critical patent/EP1790017B1/en
Priority to CN2005800323736A priority patent/CN101027791B/en
Priority to JP2007529679A priority patent/JP5048497B2/en
Priority to CA2578443A priority patent/CA2578443C/en
Priority to US11/661,185 priority patent/US7808010B2/en
Publication of WO2006022497A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006022497A1/en
Priority to US12/871,628 priority patent/US8193545B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
    • H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
    • H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/025—Physical imperfections, e.g. particular concentration or distribution of impurities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/04—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
    • H01L33/06—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
    • H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nitride semiconductor light emitting device and a fabrication method thereof.
  • GaN-based nitride semiconductors are applied in the application fields of optical devices for blue/green LED(Light Emitting Diode) and electronic devices that are high speed switching, high-power devices such as MESFET(Metal Semi ⁇ conductor Field Effect Transistor), HEMT(High Electron Mobility Transistors), etc.
  • MESFET Metal Semi ⁇ conductor Field Effect Transistor
  • HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistors
  • Such GaN-based nitride semiconductor light emitting devices are mainly grown on a sapphire substrate or a SiC substrate. Then, a poly crystalline thin film of AlYGaI-YN is grown as a buffer layer on the sapphire substrate or the SiC substrate at a low growth temperature. Thereafter, an undoped GaN layer, an n-Gan layer doped with silicon(Si) or a combination of both is grown on the buffer layer at a high temperature to form a n- GaN layer. Further, a p-GaN layer doped with magnesium(Mg) is formed on the top to thus fabricate a nitride semiconductor light emitting device. And, a light emitting layer (active layer of a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure) is formed as a sandwich structure between the n-GaN layer and the p-GaN layer.
  • the p-GaN layer is formed by doping Mg atoms during crystal growth.
  • the Mg atoms implanted as a doping source during crystal growth should be substituted with Ga positions to act as a p-GaN layer.
  • they are combined with a hydrogen gas separated from the source and a carrier gas to form a Mg-H complex in a GaN crystalline layer and become a high resistance material about 10D.
  • the light emitting device has a drawback that the amount of the carrier contributing to light emission in the activation process is ap ⁇ proximately 10 /cm , which is much lower than a Mg atomic concentration of 10 /cm , thereby making it difficult to form a resistive contact.
  • the thin transparent resistive metals used to decrease the contact resistance are generally 75 to 80% in light transmission and a light transmission above this value acts as a loss. Further, there are limits in improving light output in a crystal growth of a nitride semiconductor without improving the design of the light emitting device and the crystallinity of a light emission layer and a p-GaN layer in order to increase inner quantum efficiency.
  • the aforementioned light emission layer is formed in a single quantum well structure or a multiple quantum well structure comprising pairs of well layers and barrier layers.
  • the respective pair of well layers and barrier layers comprising the light emission layer are constructed in a lamination structure of InGaNVGaN or InGaN/ InGaN or InGaN/AlGaN or InGaN/AlInGaN.
  • an wavelength band of a light is determined by the indium composition of the InGaN well layer, which is dependent upon a crystal growth temperature, a V/ ⁇ i ratio and a carrier gas.
  • a light emitting diode formed of a multiple quantum well layer of InGaNVGaN or InGaN/ InGaN lamination structures is used, that is to say, a light emitting diode of a multiple quantum well structure utilizing an indium composition and the band engineering concept is used in order to form a light emission layer with a high internal quantum efficiency.
  • the InGaN/GaN quantum well structure effectively binds the carrier dropped in the InGaN well layer by using a relatively large GaN barrier layer, however, has a drawback that it is hard to obtain the crystallinity of the GaN barrier layer due to a low growth temperature. And, in manu ⁇ facturing a light emitting diode formed of a multiple quantum well layer of InGaN/ GaN lamination structures, there is a drawback that, as the number of periods increases, the number of crystal defects such as pits caused by the crystallinity of the GaN barrier layer is increase, rather than the light efficiency increases in proportion to the number of periods.
  • the light emitting layer which contributes light emitting is limited. Moreover in a p-GaN growth, by the formation of pits, Mg dopants are diffused into the pits of the light emission layer, thereby resulting in the breakdown of the interface between a final GaN barrier layer and a p-GaN nitride semiconductor, and affecting the light efficiency and the stability.
  • the light emission layer of the InGaN/InGaN lamination structure utilizing an indium composition increases the crystal growth temperature while relatively lowering the indium composition of the InGaN barrier layer to less than 5%, thus enabling it to obtain the crystallinity.
  • the light emission efficiency is reduced due to a weak binding force of the carrier dropped in the InGaN well layer. Nevertheless, a good reliability can be obtained because crystal defects such as the formation of pits can be relatively suppressed.
  • a nitride semiconductor light emitting device comprising: a first nitride semiconductor layer; an active layer of a single or multiple quantum well structure formed on the first nitride semiconductor layer and including an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer; and a second nitride semiconductor layer formed on the active layer.
  • a fabrication method of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device comprising: forming a buffer layer on a substrate; forming a GaN based layer on the buffer layer; forming a first electrode layer on the GaN based layer; forming an InxGal-xN layer on the first electrode layer; forming on the first Inx Gal-xN layer an active layer including an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer for emitting light; forming a p-GaN based layer on the active layer; and forming a second electrode layer on the p-GaN based layer.
  • a nitride semiconductor light emitting device comprising: a substrate; a buffer layer formed on the substrate; a GaN based layer formed on the buffer layer; a Si and/or In doped GaN based layer formed on the GaN based layer; an InxGal-xN layer formed on the Si and/or In doped GaN based layer; an active layer formed on the InxGal-xN layer and including a nitride semiconductor well layer containing In and a multilayer barrier layer; a p-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the active layer; and a second n-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the p-type nitride semiconductor layer.
  • the nitride semiconductor light emitting device and the fabrication method thereof according to the present invention can improves the crystallinity of an active layer of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device and improves light output and re ⁇ liability.
  • FlG.1 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a first embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
  • F1G.2 is a view showing an example of a lamination structure of an active layer formed on the nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
  • FlG.3 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a second embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
  • F1G.4 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a third embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
  • F1G.5 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a fourth embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
  • F1G.6 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a fifth embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
  • FlG.1 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a first embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
  • a buffer layer 4 is formed on a substrate 2.
  • the buffer layer 4 may be formed in a structure selected from the group including of an AlInN/GaN lamination structure, an InGaN/GaN superlattice structure, an InxGal-xN/GaN lamination structure and an AIxInYGaI -(x+ ⁇ )N/InxGal-xN/GaN lamination structure (Here,
  • An In-doped GaN layer 6 is formed on the buffer layer 4, and an n-type first electrode layer is formed on the In-doped GaN layer 6.
  • a Si-In co-doped GaN layer 8 formed by co-doping with both silicon and indium may be employed.
  • an InxGal-xN layer 10 with a low indium content is formed on the Si-In co-doped GaN layer 8, and an active layer 16 emitting light is formed on the InxGal-x N layer 10.
  • the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 of this invention is characterized in that the active layer 16 comprises an InGaN well layer 12 and a multilayer barrier layer 14.
  • FIG.l illustrates the active layer 16 formed in a single quantum well structure
  • the active layer 16 may be formed in a multiple quantum well structure.
  • the active layer 16 of this invention is advantageous in that a sufficient light efficiency can be attained even in a case where it is formed in a single quantum well structure.
  • FIG.2 is a view showing an example of a lamination structure of an active layer formed on the nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
  • the active layer 16 of this invention comprises an InGaN well layer 12 and a multilayer barrier layer 14.
  • the multilayer barrier layer 14 may be formed of a plurality of layers including an InGaN barrier layer 13, an AlInN barrier layer 15 and a (InGaN/GaN superlattice) barrier layer 17.
  • the formation of pits on the barrier layer can be prevented.
  • the InGaN barrier layer 13 suppresses the formation of pits, and the AlInN barrier layer 15 forms a good interface with the InGaN barrier layer 13.
  • the (InGaN/GaN superlattice) barrier layer 17 serves to control the indium composition and surface state of the InGaN well layer formed on the top of the multilayer barrier layer when a multiple quantum well structure is used.
  • the (InGaN/GaN superlattice) barrier layer 17 suppresses the formation of pits once again, and effectively prevents Mg dopants from diffused into the formation of pits, thereby forming a good interface with a p-GaN nitride semiconductor, and thus increasing the internal quantum efficiency.
  • the active layer 16 of single quantum well structure having such a lamination structure, a clean interface structure between the (InGaN/GaN superlatltice) barrier layer 17 and the p-GaN nitride semiconductor can be formed in the growth of the p- GaN nitride semiconductor. Further, as the diffusion of Mg dopants into the active layer is effectively prevented, a nitride semiconductor light emitting device having a light output greater than 5mW can be accomplished even in a case where the active layer is formed in a single quantum well structure.
  • the growth of an InGaN well layer formed on the top of an (InGaN/GaN superlattice) barrier layer can be controlled by control of the surface shape of the (InGaN/GaN superlattice) barrier layer. By such growth control, the growth condition for increasing internal quantum efficiency can be found.
  • the active layer 16 may be formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure comprising an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer of InGaN barrier layer/AHnN barrier layer/InGaN barrier layer.
  • the active layer 16 may be formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure comprising an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer of InGaN barrier layer/AHnN barrier layer/GaN barrier layer.
  • the active layer 16 may be formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure comprising an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer of InGaN barrier layer/AHnN barrier layer.
  • a p-GaN layer 18 is formed on the active layer 16. At this point, the p-
  • GaN layer 18 may be doped with magnesium.
  • n-type second electrode layer is formed on the p-GaN layer 18.
  • the n- type second electrode layer can be employed a super grading n-InxGal-xN layer 20 which controls the energy band gap by sequentially changing the indium composition.
  • the super grading n-InxGal-xN layer 20 can be formed in a composition range of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2.
  • nitride semiconductor light emitting device of the invention can be analyzed as having a npn junction light emitting device structure, unlike a related art pn junction light emitting device, considering that both first electrode layer 8 and second electrode layer 20 are formed of n-type nitride, and a p-GaN layer 18 is formed therebetween.
  • the n-type nitride semiconductor (e.g., the super grading n-InxGal-xN layer 20) used as the second electrode layer is able to maximize current injection by reducing the contact resistance since it has a lower resistance than existing p-GaN contact layers.
  • a transparent electrode for applying a bias voltage to the second electrode layer can be used a transparent resistive material or transparent conductive oxide layer which maximizes current diffusion in order to maximize light output and has an excellent light transmittance.
  • ITO, ZnO, RuOx, IrOx, NiO, or Au alloy metal including Ni may be used as such a material.
  • F1G.3 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a second embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
  • the nitride semi ⁇ conductor light emitting device 21 according to the second embodiment of the present invention represents the case in which an InGaN/AlInGaN superlattice structure layer 26 is formed as the second electrode.
  • the InGaN/AlInGaN superlattice structure layer 26 may be doped with silicon.
  • an InGaNTInGaN superlattice structure layer may be formed as the second electrode layer, and may be doped with silicon.
  • F1G.4 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a third embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
  • the active layer 36 comprises an InGaN well layer 12, a GaN cap layer 32 and a multilayer barrier layer 14. This is for controlling indium fluctuations in the InGaN well layer 12 by forming the GaN cap layer 32 between the InGaN well layer 12 and multilayer barrier layer 14 of the active layer 36.
  • F1G.5 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a fourth embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention, which illustrates the case in which an active layer 50 is formed in a multiple quantum well structure.
  • the active layer 50 is formed in a multiple quantum well structure. That is, an InGaN well layer 42, a multilayer barrier layer 44, ..., an InGaN well layer 46 and a multilayer barrier layer 48 are laminated to form the active layer 50 of multiple quantum well structure.
  • F1G.6 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a fifth embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
  • a description of the layers (given the same reference numeral) described with reference to FlG.1 will be omitted.
  • a low-mole InxGal-xN layer 52 with a low indium content for controlling the strain of an active layer is formed in order to increase the internal quantum efficiency.
  • SiNx cluster layers 54 and 56 grown by being controlled in atomic scale are further provided on the bottom and top parts of the low-mole InxGal-xN layer 52 in order to improve light output caused by indium fluctuations and reverse leakage current.
  • an active layer emitting light may be formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure which is formed of an InGaN well structure and a multilayer barrier layer.
  • F1G.6 illustrates an example of the light emitting device formed in a multiple quantum well structure which further includes SiNx cluster layers 60 and 66 as active layers between InGaN well layers 58 and 64 and multilayer barrier layers 62 and 68.
  • SiNx cluster layers 60 and 66 as active layers between InGaN well layers 58 and 64 and multilayer barrier layers 62 and 68.
  • the content(x)of indium doped on the low-mole InxGal-xN layer 52 and the content(y) of indium doped on the InGaN well layers 58 and 64 can be adjusted to have a value of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.35, respectively.
  • the final layer of the active layer formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure is grown, and thereafter a SiNx cluster layer 70 is grown again with an atomic scale thickness, thus suppressing Mg atoms of a p-GaN layer 18 from diffused into the active layer.
  • F1G.6 illustrates the case in which a super grading n-InxGal-xN layer 20 is formed as a second electrode layer
  • an InGaN/AlInGaN superlattice structure layer or an InGaN/InGaN superlattice structure layer also may be formed as the second electrode layer.
  • the crystallinity of an active layer of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device can be improved and light output and re ⁇ liability can be improved.

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Abstract

A nitride semiconductor light emitting device comprises a first nitride semiconductor layer, an active layer of a single or multiple quantum well structure formed on the first nitride semiconductor layer and including an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer, and a second nitride semiconductor layer formed on the active layer. A fabrication method of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device comprises: forming a buffer layer on a substrate, forming a GaN layer on the buffer layer, forming a first electrode layer on the GaN layer, forming an InxGal-xN layer on the first electrode layer, forming on the first InxGal-xN layer an active layer including an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer for emitting light, forming a p-GaN layer on the active layer, and forming a second electrode layer on the p-GaN layer.

Description

Description
NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREOF
Technical Field
[1] The present invention relates to a nitride semiconductor light emitting device and a fabrication method thereof. Background Art
[2] Typically, GaN-based nitride semiconductors are applied in the application fields of optical devices for blue/green LED(Light Emitting Diode) and electronic devices that are high speed switching, high-power devices such as MESFET(Metal Semi¬ conductor Field Effect Transistor), HEMT(High Electron Mobility Transistors), etc.
[3] Such GaN-based nitride semiconductor light emitting devices are mainly grown on a sapphire substrate or a SiC substrate. Then, a poly crystalline thin film of AlYGaI-YN is grown as a buffer layer on the sapphire substrate or the SiC substrate at a low growth temperature. Thereafter, an undoped GaN layer, an n-Gan layer doped with silicon(Si) or a combination of both is grown on the buffer layer at a high temperature to form a n- GaN layer. Further, a p-GaN layer doped with magnesium(Mg) is formed on the top to thus fabricate a nitride semiconductor light emitting device. And, a light emitting layer (active layer of a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure) is formed as a sandwich structure between the n-GaN layer and the p-GaN layer.
[4] The p-GaN layer is formed by doping Mg atoms during crystal growth. The Mg atoms implanted as a doping source during crystal growth should be substituted with Ga positions to act as a p-GaN layer. On the other hand, they are combined with a hydrogen gas separated from the source and a carrier gas to form a Mg-H complex in a GaN crystalline layer and become a high resistance material about 10D.
[5] Therefore, after the formation of a pn junction light emitting device, there is needed a subsequent activation process for substituting Mg atoms with Ga positions by breaking the Mg-H complex. However, the light emitting device has a drawback that the amount of the carrier contributing to light emission in the activation process is ap¬ proximately 10 /cm , which is much lower than a Mg atomic concentration of 10 /cm , thereby making it difficult to form a resistive contact.
[6] To overcome this, there is utilized a method of lowering a contact resistance by using very thin transparent resistive metals to increase the current injection efficiency. However, the thin transparent resistive metals used to decrease the contact resistance are generally 75 to 80% in light transmission and a light transmission above this value acts as a loss. Further, there are limits in improving light output in a crystal growth of a nitride semiconductor without improving the design of the light emitting device and the crystallinity of a light emission layer and a p-GaN layer in order to increase inner quantum efficiency.
[7] The aforementioned light emission layer is formed in a single quantum well structure or a multiple quantum well structure comprising pairs of well layers and barrier layers. Here, the respective pair of well layers and barrier layers comprising the light emission layer are constructed in a lamination structure of InGaNVGaN or InGaN/ InGaN or InGaN/AlGaN or InGaN/AlInGaN.
[8] At this time, materials of the well layer and barrier layer are determined re¬ spectively depending on the InGaN well layer, generally, an wavelength band of a light is determined by the indium composition of the InGaN well layer, which is dependent upon a crystal growth temperature, a V/πi ratio and a carrier gas. Typically, a light emitting diode formed of a multiple quantum well layer of InGaNVGaN or InGaN/ InGaN lamination structures is used, that is to say, a light emitting diode of a multiple quantum well structure utilizing an indium composition and the band engineering concept is used in order to form a light emission layer with a high internal quantum efficiency.
[9] In an embodiment utilizing the band engineering concept, the InGaN/GaN quantum well structure effectively binds the carrier dropped in the InGaN well layer by using a relatively large GaN barrier layer, however, has a drawback that it is hard to obtain the crystallinity of the GaN barrier layer due to a low growth temperature. And, in manu¬ facturing a light emitting diode formed of a multiple quantum well layer of InGaN/ GaN lamination structures, there is a drawback that, as the number of periods increases, the number of crystal defects such as pits caused by the crystallinity of the GaN barrier layer is increase, rather than the light efficiency increases in proportion to the number of periods. Finally, there is a drawback that the light emitting layer which contributes light emitting is limited. Moreover in a p-GaN growth, by the formation of pits, Mg dopants are diffused into the pits of the light emission layer, thereby resulting in the breakdown of the interface between a final GaN barrier layer and a p-GaN nitride semiconductor, and affecting the light efficiency and the stability.
[10] Furthermore, the light emission layer of the InGaN/InGaN lamination structure utilizing an indium composition increases the crystal growth temperature while relatively lowering the indium composition of the InGaN barrier layer to less than 5%, thus enabling it to obtain the crystallinity. However, the light emission efficiency is reduced due to a weak binding force of the carrier dropped in the InGaN well layer. Nevertheless, a good reliability can be obtained because crystal defects such as the formation of pits can be relatively suppressed.
[11] Besides, in the event the GaN or InGaN barrier layer is applied to a multiple quantum well structure, although an improvement is expected in terms of leakage current, but this improvement is not resulted from the improvement of its crystallinity, but caused from an increase in operating voltage due to the connection of its resistance components in series. And, these resistance components generate subsequent heat to thus affect the reliability of the device and have a considerable effect on the life of the device. [12] Consequently, based on this related art, there is needed a new growth technique which guarantees the indium composition of a well layer, the crystallinity of a barrier layer and the concept of band engineering in order to improve the internal quantum efficiency of a light emission layer. Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem
[13] It is an object of the present invention to provide a nitride semiconductor light emitting device, which improves the crystallinity of an active layer of the nitride semi¬ conductor light emitting device and improves light output and reliability, and a fabrication method thereof. Technical Solution
[14] To achieve the above-described object, there is provided a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention, comprising: a first nitride semiconductor layer; an active layer of a single or multiple quantum well structure formed on the first nitride semiconductor layer and including an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer; and a second nitride semiconductor layer formed on the active layer.
[15] Furthermore, to achieve the above-described object, there is provided a fabrication method of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention, the method comprising: forming a buffer layer on a substrate; forming a GaN based layer on the buffer layer; forming a first electrode layer on the GaN based layer; forming an InxGal-xN layer on the first electrode layer; forming on the first Inx Gal-xN layer an active layer including an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer for emitting light; forming a p-GaN based layer on the active layer; and forming a second electrode layer on the p-GaN based layer.
[16] Furthermore, to achieve the above-described object, there is provided a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention, comprising: a substrate; a buffer layer formed on the substrate; a GaN based layer formed on the buffer layer; a Si and/or In doped GaN based layer formed on the GaN based layer; an InxGal-xN layer formed on the Si and/or In doped GaN based layer; an active layer formed on the InxGal-xN layer and including a nitride semiconductor well layer containing In and a multilayer barrier layer; a p-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the active layer; and a second n-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the p-type nitride semiconductor layer.
Advantageous Effects
[17] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device and the fabrication method thereof according to the present invention can improves the crystallinity of an active layer of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device and improves light output and re¬ liability.
Brief Description of the Drawings [18] FlG.1 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a first embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention. [19] F1G.2 is a view showing an example of a lamination structure of an active layer formed on the nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention. [20] FlG.3 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a second embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention. [21] F1G.4 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a third embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention. [22] F1G.5 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a fourth embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention. [23] F1G.6 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a fifth embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
Mode for the Invention [24] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. [25] FlG.1 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a first embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention. [26] In the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 of the invention, as shown in
FlG.1, a buffer layer 4 is formed on a substrate 2. Here, the buffer layer 4 may be formed in a structure selected from the group including of an AlInN/GaN lamination structure, an InGaN/GaN superlattice structure, an InxGal-xN/GaN lamination structure and an AIxInYGaI -(x+γ)N/InxGal-xN/GaN lamination structure (Here,
O≤x≤l, 0<y≤l,x+y≤l). [27] An In-doped GaN layer 6 is formed on the buffer layer 4, and an n-type first electrode layer is formed on the In-doped GaN layer 6. Here, as the n-type first electrode layer, a Si-In co-doped GaN layer 8 formed by co-doping with both silicon and indium may be employed.
[28] Further, an InxGal-xN layer 10 with a low indium content is formed on the Si-In co-doped GaN layer 8, and an active layer 16 emitting light is formed on the InxGal-x N layer 10.
[29] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 of this invention is characterized in that the active layer 16 comprises an InGaN well layer 12 and a multilayer barrier layer 14. Although FIG.l illustrates the active layer 16 formed in a single quantum well structure, the active layer 16 may be formed in a multiple quantum well structure. Also, the active layer 16 of this invention is advantageous in that a sufficient light efficiency can be attained even in a case where it is formed in a single quantum well structure.
[30] FIG.2 is a view showing an example of a lamination structure of an active layer formed on the nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
[31] The active layer 16 of this invention, as shown in FIG.2, comprises an InGaN well layer 12 and a multilayer barrier layer 14. The multilayer barrier layer 14 may be formed of a plurality of layers including an InGaN barrier layer 13, an AlInN barrier layer 15 and a (InGaN/GaN superlattice) barrier layer 17.
[32] By forming such a multilayer barrier layer 14, the formation of pits on the barrier layer can be prevented. The InGaN barrier layer 13 suppresses the formation of pits, and the AlInN barrier layer 15 forms a good interface with the InGaN barrier layer 13. The (InGaN/GaN superlattice) barrier layer 17 serves to control the indium composition and surface state of the InGaN well layer formed on the top of the multilayer barrier layer when a multiple quantum well structure is used. Additionally, the (InGaN/GaN superlattice) barrier layer 17 suppresses the formation of pits once again, and effectively prevents Mg dopants from diffused into the formation of pits, thereby forming a good interface with a p-GaN nitride semiconductor, and thus increasing the internal quantum efficiency.
[33] By the active layer 16 of single quantum well structure having such a lamination structure, a clean interface structure between the (InGaN/GaN superlatltice) barrier layer 17 and the p-GaN nitride semiconductor can be formed in the growth of the p- GaN nitride semiconductor. Further, as the diffusion of Mg dopants into the active layer is effectively prevented, a nitride semiconductor light emitting device having a light output greater than 5mW can be accomplished even in a case where the active layer is formed in a single quantum well structure.
[34] In a case where an active layer of a multiple quantum well structure in which such a lamination structure is repeated, the growth of an InGaN well layer formed on the top of an (InGaN/GaN superlattice) barrier layer can be controlled by control of the surface shape of the (InGaN/GaN superlattice) barrier layer. By such growth control, the growth condition for increasing internal quantum efficiency can be found.
[35] Besides, though not shown, the active layer 16 may be formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure comprising an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer of InGaN barrier layer/AHnN barrier layer/InGaN barrier layer.
[36] Besides, though not shown, the active layer 16 may be formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure comprising an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer of InGaN barrier layer/AHnN barrier layer/GaN barrier layer.
[37] Besides, though not shown, the active layer 16 may be formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure comprising an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer of InGaN barrier layer/AHnN barrier layer.
[38] Continually, a p-GaN layer 18 is formed on the active layer 16. At this point, the p-
GaN layer 18 may be doped with magnesium.
[39] An n-type second electrode layer is formed on the p-GaN layer 18. Here, as the n- type second electrode layer, can be employed a super grading n-InxGal-xN layer 20 which controls the energy band gap by sequentially changing the indium composition. At this point, the super grading n-InxGal-xN layer 20 can be formed in a composition range of 0<x<0.2.
[40] The above-described nitride semiconductor light emitting device of the invention can be analyzed as having a npn junction light emitting device structure, unlike a related art pn junction light emitting device, considering that both first electrode layer 8 and second electrode layer 20 are formed of n-type nitride, and a p-GaN layer 18 is formed therebetween.
[41] The n-type nitride semiconductor (e.g., the super grading n-InxGal-xN layer 20) used as the second electrode layer is able to maximize current injection by reducing the contact resistance since it has a lower resistance than existing p-GaN contact layers. As a transparent electrode for applying a bias voltage to the second electrode layer, can be used a transparent resistive material or transparent conductive oxide layer which maximizes current diffusion in order to maximize light output and has an excellent light transmittance. ITO, ZnO, RuOx, IrOx, NiO, or Au alloy metal including Ni may be used as such a material.
[42] In the present invention, in a single quantum well structure using, as a transparent electrode, Ni/Au, which is a general transparent resistive conductive metal, light output (375μm x 330μm) of 5mW/3.0V(20mA) is obtained at a 460nm wavelength. While, in a single quantum well structure using, as a transparent electrode, ITO, which is a transparent conductive oxide material, light output of 6.2mW/3.0V(20mA) is obtained at the same 460nm wavelength.
[43] F1G.3 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a second embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
[44] In the lamination structure of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 21 as shown in FlG.3, only a second electrode layer is different from that of the nitride semi¬ conductor light emitting device 1 as shown in FlG.1, so the following description will be made only with respect to the second electrode layer. That is, the nitride semi¬ conductor light emitting device 21 according to the second embodiment of the present invention represents the case in which an InGaN/AlInGaN superlattice structure layer 26 is formed as the second electrode. Here, the InGaN/AlInGaN superlattice structure layer 26 may be doped with silicon.
[45] Besides, though not shown, an InGaNTInGaN superlattice structure layer may be formed as the second electrode layer, and may be doped with silicon.
[46] F1G.4 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a third embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention.
[47] In the lamination structure of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 31 as shown in F1G.4, only the lamination structure of an active layer 36 is different from that of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 1 as shown in FlG.1, so the following description will be made only with respect to the active layer 36. That is, in the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 31 according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the active layer 36 comprises an InGaN well layer 12, a GaN cap layer 32 and a multilayer barrier layer 14. This is for controlling indium fluctuations in the InGaN well layer 12 by forming the GaN cap layer 32 between the InGaN well layer 12 and multilayer barrier layer 14 of the active layer 36.
[48] F1G.5 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a fourth embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention, which illustrates the case in which an active layer 50 is formed in a multiple quantum well structure. In the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 41 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in F1G.5, the active layer 50 is formed in a multiple quantum well structure. That is, an InGaN well layer 42, a multilayer barrier layer 44, ..., an InGaN well layer 46 and a multilayer barrier layer 48 are laminated to form the active layer 50 of multiple quantum well structure.
[49] F1G.6 is a view schematically showing a lamination structure of a fifth embodiment of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention. Among the lamination structure as shown in F1G.6, a description of the layers (given the same reference numeral) described with reference to FlG.1 will be omitted.
[50] In the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 51 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in F1G.6, a low-mole InxGal-xN layer 52 with a low indium content for controlling the strain of an active layer is formed in order to increase the internal quantum efficiency. Moreover, SiNx cluster layers 54 and 56 grown by being controlled in atomic scale are further provided on the bottom and top parts of the low-mole InxGal-xN layer 52 in order to improve light output caused by indium fluctuations and reverse leakage current.
[51] Besides, an active layer emitting light may be formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure which is formed of an InGaN well structure and a multilayer barrier layer.
[52] F1G.6 illustrates an example of the light emitting device formed in a multiple quantum well structure which further includes SiNx cluster layers 60 and 66 as active layers between InGaN well layers 58 and 64 and multilayer barrier layers 62 and 68. Considering the relation with the low-mole InxGal-xN layer 52 with a low indium content, the content(x)of indium doped on the low-mole InxGal-xN layer 52 and the content(y) of indium doped on the InGaN well layers 58 and 64 can be adjusted to have a value of 0<x<0.1 and 0<y<0.35, respectively.
[53] Then, the final layer of the active layer formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure is grown, and thereafter a SiNx cluster layer 70 is grown again with an atomic scale thickness, thus suppressing Mg atoms of a p-GaN layer 18 from diffused into the active layer.
[54] Although F1G.6 illustrates the case in which a super grading n-InxGal-xN layer 20 is formed as a second electrode layer, an InGaN/AlInGaN superlattice structure layer or an InGaN/InGaN superlattice structure layer also may be formed as the second electrode layer.
[55] As described above, according to the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention, current concentration caused from a high contact resistance of a p-GaN layer used as a p-type electrode layer in a related art p/n junction light emitting device can be reduced by applying an n/p/n junction light emitting device structure while reducing an operating voltage and improving current injection.
Industrial Applicability
[56] According to the nitride semiconductor light emitting device and fabrication method thereof of the present invention, the crystallinity of an active layer of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device can be improved and light output and re¬ liability can be improved.

Claims

Claims
[1] A nitride semiconductor light emitting device, comprising: a first nitride semiconductor layer; an active layer of a single or multiple quantum well structure formed on the first nitride semiconductor layer and including an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer; a second nitride semiconductor layer formed on the active layer.
[2] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first nitride semiconductor layer comprises: an undoped or In-doped GaN based layer; and a first electrode layer formed on the GaN based layer.
[3] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 1, further comprising: a substrate under the first nitride semiconductor; and a buffer layer formed on the substrate.
[4] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 1, wherein a semi¬ conductor layer comprising a second electrode layer is further formed on the second nitride semiconductor layer.
[5] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 1, wherein an InxGal-x
N layer is further formed on the first nitride semiconductor layer.
[6] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 3, wherein the buffer layer is formed in a structure selected from the group including an AlInN/GaN lamination structure, an InGaN/GaN superlattice structure, an InxGal-xN/GaN lamination structure and an AlxInγGal-(x+γ)N/InxGal-xN/GaN lamination structure
[7] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 2, wherein the first electrode layer is a GaN based layer co-doped with silicon and indium.
[8] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 1, wherein a plurality of
SiNx cluster layers is further formed between the first nitride semiconductor layer and the second nitride semiconductor layer.
[9] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 8, wherein the SiNx cluster layers are formed with an atomic scale thickness.
[10] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the multilayer barrier layer of the active layer is formed of a multilayer barrier layer including an InGaN layer, an AlInN layer and an InGaN/GaN superlattice structure layer or a multilayer barrier layer including an InGaN layer, an AlInN layer and an InGaN layer or a multilayer barrier layer including an InGaN layer, an AlInN layer and a GaN layer or a multilayer barrier layer including an InGaN layer and AlInN layer, and the active layer is formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure.
[11] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 1, wherein a SiNx cluster layer is further formed between the InGaN well layer and multilayer barrier layer of the active layer.
[12] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 1, wherein a GaN cap layer is further formed between the InGaN well layer and multilayer barrier layer of the active layer.
[13] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 1, wherein a SiNx cluster layer is further formed between the active layer and the second nitride semiconductor layer.
[14] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the second nitride semiconductor layer is formed by doping with p-type impurities.
[15] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 4, wherein the second electrode layer formed on the second nitride semiconductor layer is formed in a super grading structure in which an indium content is sequentially changed or in a superlattice structure including In.
[16] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 15, wherein the super grading structure is formed of an n-InxGal-xN layer.
[17] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 15, wherein the su¬ perlattice structure is formed of an InGaNTInGaN superlattice structure or an
InGaN/AlInGaN superlattice structure.
[18] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 4, wherein the second electrode layer formed on the second nitride semiconductor layer is doped with silicon.
[19] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the InxGal- xN layer is a low-mole InxGal-xN layer which is doped with indium lower in content than the indium doped on the InGaN well layer.
[20] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 4, wherein the first electrode layer included in the first nitride semiconductor and the second electrode layer formed on the second nitride semiconductor layer are n-type nitride semiconductors.
[21] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 4, wherein a transparent electrode is further provided on the second electrode layer formed on the second nitride semiconductor layer.
[22] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 22, wherein the transparent electrode is formed of transparent conductive oxide or transparent resistive material.
[23] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the transparent electrode is selected from the group including ITO, ZnO, RuOx,
IrOx, NiO, or Au alloy metal including Ni.
[24] A fabrication method of a nitride semiconductor light emitting device, the method comprising: forming a buffer layer on a substrate; forming a GaN based layer on the buffer layer; forming a first electrode layer on the GaN based layer; forming an InxGal-xN layer on the first electrode layer; forming on the first InxGal-xN layer an active layer including an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer for emitting light; forming a p-GaN based layer on the active layer; and forming a second electrode layer on the p-GaN based layer.
[25] The method of claim 24, wherein the first electrode layer is a GaN based layer co-doped with silicon and indium.
[26] The method of claim 24, further comprising the step of forming a first SiNx cluster layer and a second SiNx cluster layer before and after the step of forming an InxGal-xN layer, respectively.
[27] The method of claim 24, wherein the multilayer barrier layer of the active layer is formed of a multilayer barrier layer including an InGaN layer, an AlInN layer and an InGaN/GaN superlattice structure layer or a multilayer barrier layer including an InGaN layer, an AlInN layer and an InGaN layer or a multilayer barrier layer including an InGaN layer, an AlInN layer and a GaN layer or a multilayer barrier layer including of an InGaN layer and AlInN layer, and the active layer is formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure.
[28] The method of claim 24, wherein the step of forming an active layer further comprises the step of forming a SiNx cluster layer between the step of forming an InGaN well layer and the step of forming a multilayer barrier layer.
[29] The method of claim 24, wherein the step of forming an active layer further comprises the step of forming a GaN based cap layer between the step of forming an InGaN well layer and the step of forming a multilayer barrier layer.
[30] The method of claim 24, further comprising the step of forming a SiNx cluster layer between the step of forming an active layer and the step of forming a p-
GaN layer.
[31] The method of claim 24, wherein the second electrode layer is formed of a n-Inx
Gal-xN layer of a super grading structure in which an indium content is se- quentially changed or in an InGaNTInGaN superlattice structure or in an InGaN/ AlInGaN superlattice structure.
[32] The method of claim 31, wherein the second electrode layer is doped with silicon.
[33] The method of claim 24, further comprising the step of forming a transparent electrode on the second electrode.
[34] A nitride semiconductor light emitting device, comprising: a substrate; a buffer layer formed on the substrate; a GaN based layer formed on the buffer layer; a Si and/or In doped GaN based layer formed on the GaN based layer; an InxGal-xN layer formed on the Si and/or In doped GaN based layer; an active layer formed on the InxGal-xN layer and including a nitride semi¬ conductor well layer containing In and a multilayer barrier layer; a p-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the active layer; and a second n-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the p-type nitride semi¬ conductor layer.
[35] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 34, wherein the buffer layer is formed in a structure selected from the group including an AlInN/GaN lamination structure, an InGaN/GaN superlattice structure, an InxGal-xN/GaN lamination structure and an AlxInγGal-(x+γ)N/InxGal-xN/GaN lamination structure.
[36] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 34, wherein the active layer is formed of an InGaN well layer and a multilayer barrier layer, the multilayer barrier layer is formed of a multilayer barrier layer including an InGaN layer, an AlInN layer and an InGaN/GaN superlattice structure layer or a multilayer barrier layer including an InGaN layer, an AlInN layer and an InGaN layer or a multilayer barrier layer including an InGaN layer, an AlInN layer and a GaN layer or a multilayer barrier layer including an InGaN layer and AlInN layer , and the active layer is formed in a single quantum well structure or multiple quantum well structure.
[37] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 34, wherein the second n-type nitride semiconductor layer is formed of a n-InxGal-xN layer of a super grading structure in which an indium content is sequentially changed or in an InGaNTInGaN superlattice structure or in an InGaNTAlInGaN superlattice structure.
[38] The nitride semiconductor light emitting device of claim 34, wherein a plurality of SiNx cluster layers is further formed between the InxGal-xN layer and the p- type nitride semiconductor layer.
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CA2578443C (en) 2014-08-05

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