WO2006022184A1 - カメラキャリブレーション装置及びカメラキャリブレーション方法 - Google Patents
カメラキャリブレーション装置及びカメラキャリブレーション方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006022184A1 WO2006022184A1 PCT/JP2005/015053 JP2005015053W WO2006022184A1 WO 2006022184 A1 WO2006022184 A1 WO 2006022184A1 JP 2005015053 W JP2005015053 W JP 2005015053W WO 2006022184 A1 WO2006022184 A1 WO 2006022184A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N17/00—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
- H04N17/002—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details for television cameras
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/02—Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a camera calibration device and a camera calibration method for obtaining camera parameters based on correspondence between world coordinates set in real space and image coordinates set on an image captured by a camera. It is.
- the position in the real space can be specified from the point on the image by obtaining the camera parameters that associate the image coordinates set in the monitoring image with the world coordinates set in the real space.
- the operation for obtaining the camera parameters is called camera calibration, and can be obtained from the correspondence between the world coordinates set in the real space and the image coordinates set on the image photographed by the camera. For example, an index point with known world coordinates set for calibration is photographed with a camera, and corresponding points on the photographed image are obtained, and the world coordinates and the image coordinates do not exist on the same plane corresponding to the six points.
- the basic method is to obtain camera parameters from the above index points.
- Non-patent document 1 is a representative method.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the correspondence between image coordinates and world coordinates.
- the method for obtaining the camera parameters is briefly described with reference to Fig. 10.
- the point A101 (u, v) on the image coordinates and the point A102 (X_w, Y_w, Z_w) on the world coordinate are expressed using the scale s (Equation 1 ).
- Equation 1 the twelve parameters C-11 to C-14, C-21 to C-24, and C31 to C-34 in (Equation 1) are camera parameters. Call it.
- the nth index point is represented by image coordinates (u_n, v_n) and world coordinates (X_n, Y_n, ⁇ _ ⁇ ), (Equation 1) satisfies (Equation 2).
- the (Expression 2) is obtained for the index points up to the nth, and the determinant of (Expression 3) is obtained by forming a matrix.
- the one-dimensional world coordinates to be converted are fixed and converted.
- the scale s is obtained from the world coordinate Z_w, which is the height to be transformed, and the image coordinates, and X_w, Y_w are obtained using s, u, V. That is, once one component of image coordinates and world coordinates is determined, the remaining two components of world coordinates are uniquely determined.
- a simple calibration accuracy evaluation can be performed using conversion of image coordinates from world coordinates.
- the nth index point is the image coordinate (u_n, v_n), the world coordinate (X_n, Y_n, ⁇ _ ⁇ ), and the value obtained by converting the world coordinate to the image coordinate using the obtained camera parameter C (u'_ ⁇ , ⁇ ' _ ⁇ ), the average calibration error e_average of the index points is (Equation 6).
- the world coordinates of index points can be triangulated.
- the color and shape of the index points are characteristic, the corresponding points on the image coordinates are automatically recognized by image processing.
- Non-Patent Document 1 R. Y Tsai, A Versatile Camera Calioration Technique f or High— Accuracy 3D Machine Vision Metrology Using Off -the-shelf TV Cameras and Lenses, IEEE J. Robotics and Automation, vol RA— 3, NO. 4 , pp. 323— 331, Aug. 1987
- the user identifies the location where the human input error has occurred by reading the calibration error value, checks the index point where the input error has occurred by reading the image coordinate value, The process of inputting correct world coordinates and image coordinates is repeated. For this reason, a great deal of labor has been involved in correcting calibration errors caused by human error.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a camera calibration device and a camera calibration method capable of simplifying calibration correction work. Les.
- the camera calibration device is a power calibration device that obtains camera parameters based on the correspondence between world coordinates installed in real space and image coordinates installed on an image captured by the camera.
- Calibration means for obtaining camera parameters from a coordinate set of index points with known coordinate values of the world coordinates and corresponding points in the image coordinates corresponding to the index points; and the world coordinate values of the index points and the correspondences Detecting means for detecting a correspondence error with the image coordinate value of the point; and display control means for displaying the detected correspondence error on the video display device in association with the index point and the corresponding point.
- the display control means for displaying the detected correspondence error on the video display device in association with the index point and the corresponding point is provided, so that the index to be corrected for calibration is provided. Since the points and corresponding points can be easily identified, the calibration correction work can be simplified.
- the display control means displays the detected correspondence error with a visual effect. According to the above configuration, since the display control means displays the detected correspondence error with a visual effect, it is possible to more easily identify the index point and the corresponding point where the calibration should be corrected. Correction work can be further simplified.
- the display control means displays the detected correspondence error in a display form corresponding to the calculation result of the calibration error.
- the display control means detects the detected correspondence error as a calibration error.
- the display control unit emphasizes and displays the component of the world coordinate value in which a correspondence error is detected.
- the display control means can easily identify the component of the world coordinate value to be corrected by highlighting and displaying the component of the world coordinate value in which the correspondence error is detected. Correction work can be further simplified.
- the display control means enlarges and displays a region where the detected correspondence error is displayed. According to the above configuration, the display control means expands and displays the area where the detected correspondence error is displayed, thereby easily specifying the index point and the corresponding point to be corrected for calibration. As a result, calibration correction can be further simplified.
- the display control means sequentially displays the correspondence error every time a correspondence error is detected.
- the display control unit sequentially displays the correspondence error every time a correspondence error is detected, thereby correcting calibration in real time while viewing the display of the image output from the camera. Can do positive.
- the display control unit uses one of the currently determined camera parameters and an arbitrary point on the specified video display device and one of the input world coordinates.
- the correspondence error is displayed based on the remaining world coordinates calculated from the components.
- the display control means uses the camera parameters obtained at present to calculate the remaining points calculated from an arbitrary point on the designated video display device and one component of the input world coordinates.
- the display control means displays the correspondence error based on the corresponding point on the image coordinates obtained by image recognition of the index point. is there. According to the above configuration, the display control means manually inputs the coordinate of the corresponding point by displaying the correspondence error based on the corresponding point on the image coordinate obtained by recognizing the index point. Since it is not necessary, human input errors can be reduced.
- the display control means displays the correspondence error in a display form corresponding to the calculation result of the calibration error.
- the display control means displays the correspondence error in a display form corresponding to the calculation result of the calibration error, thereby allowing the user to determine whether the index point input by the image recognition is correct. Easy to judge.
- the camera calibration method of the present invention is a camera calibration method for obtaining camera parameters based on the correspondence between world coordinates set in real space and image coordinates set on an image captured by the camera. Then, camera parameters are obtained from an index point whose coordinate value of the world coordinate is known and a coordinate set of the corresponding point in the image coordinate corresponding to the index point, and the world coordinate value of the index point and the image of the corresponding point A correspondence error with the coordinate value is detected, and the detected correspondence error is displayed on the video display device in association with the index point and the corresponding point.
- the detected correspondence error is displayed on the video display device in association with the index point and the corresponding point, thereby easily indicating the index point and the corresponding point to be corrected for calibration. Since it can be specified, calibration correction work can be simplified.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a calibration device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining a calibration procedure in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining a camera parameter creation processing procedure in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a display screen during calibration correction work in one embodiment of the present invention.
- 5 A diagram showing an example of a display screen at the time of calibration correction work in one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 A diagram showing an example of a display screen during calibration correction work in one embodiment of the present invention
- the present invention relates to a camera calibration device and a camera calibration method for obtaining camera parameters based on correspondence between world coordinates set in real space and image coordinates set on an image captured by a camera.
- a case will be described in which a plurality of index points with known world coordinates are prepared, corresponding points on the image coordinates are manually obtained, and camera parameters are obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a calibration device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- camera A101 outputs the captured image to the calibration device Al l 1
- the calibration device Al l 1 obtains camera parameters based on the correspondence between the world coordinates and the image coordinates.
- the input device A121 is used to input information to the calibration device All 1 using a mouse or a keyboard, and the monitor A131 is used to display an image output from the calibration device A111.
- the calibration device A11 includes a display control unit A112 that synthesizes the video information and the calibration result, and the correspondence in the image coordinates corresponding to the index point whose coordinate value of the world coordinate is known and the index point.
- a calibration unit that calculates the camera parameters from the coordinate set of points, and calibration correction that calculates the calibration error and detects the correspondence error between the world coordinate value of the index point and the image coordinate value of the corresponding point, and performs correction processing Part A114.
- Camera A101 receives an image displayed on the lens as input, and outputs the image data to display control unit A112.
- the display control unit A112 receives the video data output from the camera A101 and the calibration result output from the calibration correction unit A114, and outputs image data in which the calibration error result is superimposed on the video information to the monitor A131. That is, the display control unit A112 displays the correspondence error detected by the calibration correction unit A114 on the monitor A131 in association with the index point and the corresponding point.
- the calibration unit A113 receives the numerical value input from the keyboard and the mouse operation output from the input device A121, and inputs an index that associates the management number of index points, world coordinates, and image coordinates.
- a point coordinate set is created, and camera parameters, world coordinates, and image coordinates are output to the calibration correction unit A114. Also, the index point coordinate set output by the calibration correction unit A114 is input, and the camera parameters are output to the calibration correction unit A114.
- the calibration correction unit A114 receives the camera parameter and index point coordinate set output from the calibration unit Alll3, and outputs the calibration result to the display control unit A112. In the process of calculating the calibration result, the index point coordinate set is output to the calibration part A113.
- the input device A121 receives an operation from the user as an input, and outputs a numerical value input from the keyboard and a mouse operation to the calibration unit All3.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the calibration procedure. Using Fig. 2, the calibration method will be explained.
- step SA201 when calibration is started, in step SA201, the user sets an index point within the shooting range of camera A101, and measures the world coordinates of the index point in advance by triangulation or the like.
- step SA202 the user searches for the index point from the screen of the monitor A131 on which the index point set in step SA201 is displayed, and performs a trick operation with the mouse pointer over the center of the index point. Specify the image coordinates of the index point.
- step SA203 a window for inputting world coordinates is automatically displayed on the screen of the monitor A131. Therefore, the coordinate values of the world coordinates measured in advance by the user are input from the keyboard.
- step SA204 calibration unit A113 creates an index point coordinate set from the input world coordinates and image coordinates. Next, it is determined whether the condition (number of index point coordinate groups ⁇ 6) is satisfied. If the condition is satisfied (Yes), the camera parameter cannot be created, so the process returns to step SA202. Otherwise (No), the process returns to step SA205. move on.
- step SA205 the calibration unit Al l 3 and the calibration correction unit A1 14 perform camera parameter creation processing, and an error occurs in the correspondence between the detected world coordinate value of the index point and the image coordinate value of the corresponding point. Are displayed in association with the index points and the corresponding points.
- the camera parameter creation process will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- step SA206 the processing result of step SA205 is determined. If there is a calibration error in the processing result (Yes), the process proceeds to step SA207; otherwise (No), the process proceeds to step SA207. Proceed to SA208.
- step SA207 the user performs error correction work for the calibration error, and when the correction process is completed, the process returns to step SA205.
- step SA208 the calibration unit A113 force is the number of index point coordinate sets required to maintain a constant calibration accuracy.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the flow of camera parameter creation processing in step SA205 of FIG.
- the loop variable N that indicates the number of incorrect index point coordinate sets is set to 0, and a value greater than the maximum possible value is substituted for the minimum value e-min of the average calibration error.
- step SA302 the number of index point coordinate groups used for camera parameter creation (M-N) is defined by assuming that the number of index point coordinate groups given in the calibration correction unit A114 force camera parameter creation process is M. ) It is determined whether the number is less than six. If less than six (Yes), the process proceeds to step SA311. If more than six (No), the process proceeds to step SA303.
- step SA303 (M ⁇ N) are selected from the M index point coordinate sets.
- step SA304 the calibration correction unit A114 outputs the set of index point coordinate sets selected in step SA303 to the calibration unit All3, and receives camera parameters from the calibration unit A113.
- step SA305 the calibration correction unit A114 calculates an average calibration error e_average.
- step SA306 e_min and e_average are compared. If e_average is the minimum value, update is performed, and the current (M_N) index point coordinate sets and camera parameters are stored.
- step SA307 it is determined whether there is another combination that selects (M_N) from the M index point coordinate sets performed in step SA303, and if another combination exists (Ye s) Returning to step SA303, if all combinations have been implemented (No), the process proceeds to step SA308. [0049] In step SA308, e_min is compared with the threshold Th of the average calibration error, and e
- Step SA309 If _min> Th is satisfied (Yes), go to Step SA309, otherwise (No) is Step
- the calibration error threshold Th can be freely changed by the user, and may be changed according to the result of the camera parameter creation processing.
- step SA309 since the average calibration error is larger than the threshold value, it is assumed that there is an incorrect index point coordinate set, and the loop variable N representing the number of incorrect index point coordinate sets is incremented by one.
- step SA311 a set of remaining index point coordinate sets other than the set of index point coordinate sets stored when e-min is updated in step SA306 is output as a calibration error. This is because the set of index point coordinate sets stored when e-min is updated in step SA306 maintains a certain accuracy that the average calibration error is less than or equal to Th.
- This algorithm is based on the idea of including calibration errors such as input errors.
- step SA312 the camera parameters and (M-N) index point coordinate groups stored when e-min is updated in step SA306 are output, and the camera parameter creation process is terminated.
- FIGS. 4 to 9 are diagrams showing screens at the time of correction processing.
- the correction process will be described with reference to Figs. Fig. 4 shows the screen during correction processing.
- A401 is the video image of the camera A101
- A402 is the camera parameter creation processing result window
- A403 is the index point management number
- A40 4 is the index icon indicating the location of the index point on the screen.
- A405 is an error display frame indicating an index point coordinate set in which a calibration error is estimated to occur
- A406 is a correction window
- A407 is a mouse pointer.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a camera parameter creation processing result window A402, showing a camera parameter creation result table A501, and an error display frame A502 is an index point coordinate where a calibration error is estimated to have occurred.
- a selection display frame A503 is a mouse point. Represents the index point coordinate set pointed to.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a correction window A406, showing world coordinate correction forms A601a, A60 lb, A601c, image coordinate correction forms A602a, A602b, and a delete button A603.
- a video screen A401 taken by the camera A101 is displayed on the screen of the monitor A131. Thereafter, when an index point coordinate set is input, an index point management number A403 and an index point icon A404 are displayed at corresponding positions on the screen. By viewing the index point management number A403 and the index point icon A404, the user can easily confirm the position (image coordinates) of the input index point coordinate set on the screen.
- a camera meter creation result window A402 (see Fig. 5) is displayed.
- Camera parameter creation result window A402 displays index point management number, image coordinates, world coordinates and image coordinates after conversion by camera parameters, calibration error, world coordinates, and error between image coordinates and converted image coordinates.
- the camera parameter creation result table A 501 composed of each element of remarks is displayed, and the contents of each index point coordinate set and the calibration error can be confirmed.
- the index point icon displayed on the screen and the index point icon displayed in the camera parameter processing result window A402 are associated with the world coordinates, image coordinates, calibration error, etc. with a visual effect. Is called.
- the camera parameter creation result table A501 displayed in the camera creation result window A402 is not particularly required to display the data of all index point coordinate groups.
- the index point coordinate groups to be corrected are clearly shown. Therefore, the index point coordinate group (column corresponding to the index point management number “1”) that contains the calibration error (corresponding error) and the index point coordinate group information of the index point icon pointed to by the mouse pointer A407 It may be displayed, but is not limited to these.
- the reason for displaying other information is that it is assumed that correction is performed while viewing data of other index points at the time of correction. For example, if the index points are arranged at regular intervals on the screen and the height of the world coordinates of each index point is constant, the height of the world coordinates actually input is different. By simply referring to the world coordinates of the index point coordinate group of An accurate value can be entered.
- the error display frame A405 centered on the index point icon (index point control number 1) of the wrong index point, and the camera parameter creation result corresponding to the wrong index point Error display frame A502 is displayed in the window A402 column (index point management number 1 column).
- the user can easily confirm which index point coordinate set on the screen is wrong by looking at the calibration error display frame A405.
- the correspondence error is displayed in association with the index point and the corresponding point using the error display frames A405 and A502
- the index point and the corresponding point to be corrected for calibration can be easily specified.
- the calibration correction work can be simplified.
- the error display frame A405 and the error display frame A502 have the same type, color, thickness, and shape of the frame, and the index point icon displayed on the screen and the camera parameter processing result window A402. Since the correspondence between the world coordinates, image coordinates, calibration errors, etc. of the index point icon displayed in the screen becomes clear, it is possible to more easily identify the index point and the corresponding point to be calibrated. Calibration correction work can be further simplified.
- the type, color, thickness, shape, and the like of the frames of the calibration error display frames A405 and A502 are determined according to the calibration error. For example, when the world coordinates and image coordinates of the index point coordinate set indicated by the error display frame A502 in Fig. 5 are corrected and the calibration error is reduced from 20 to 10, the error display frame A405 on the screen shown in Fig. 4 is displayed. Since the error has been reduced by half, the radius of the circle is also halved, resulting in an error display frame A901 as shown in Fig. 9. Also, the error display frame disappears when it is corrected correctly and the calibration error is within the allowable range.
- the relative magnitude of the calibration error becomes a material that determines the priority of the correction work by dividing force, and the calibration error is reduced.
- the change is reflected visually as a change in the diameter of the error display frame, and is visually expressed, so it is easier to apply force intuitively than looking at the change in the numerical value.
- Camera parameter creation result window Specify the world coordinates and image coordinates in the A402 with the mouse pointer A407 and enter the numerical value with the keyboard etc. to directly correct, or double-click the mouse icon A407 close to the index point icon to be corrected on the screen. Etc.
- the window A406 may be displayed and corrected.
- the correction part is presented by inverting the color of the wrong part as shown in the selection display frame A503 shown in FIG. 5 or A603 shown in FIG.
- a straight line A702 can be drawn on the world coordinates by using camera parameters C, image coordinates (u, v), and scale s as parameters. This straight line represents a position in the world coordinates where the image coordinates (u, V) are converted by the camera nomometer C.
- the world coordinate A701 of the index point coordinate set is correct, it exists on the straight line A702, but when the world coordinate A701 is incorrect, it moves away from the straight line.
- the component of the world coordinate that is estimated to be incorrect is the component of the point A703 (Xp, Yp, Zp) corresponding to that component (for example, the X component of the world coordinate is incorrect) If it is estimated that it is, it can be automatically corrected by substituting Xp).
- a world coordinate list representing the whole world coordinates of the measured index points is stored, and the world coordinates and image coordinates in the index point coordinate set are correct, but when the index point coordinate set is input, Assuming that the correspondence between the target and the image coordinates is wrong, the values of the candidate world coordinates may be presented at the time of correction.
- the image coordinates (u, v) of the index point coordinate group to be corrected the Nth world coordinate (X_N, Y_N, Z_N), the world coordinate (X_N, Y_N, Z_N) and the camera in the world coordinate list
- the image screen around the mouse pointer may be temporarily enlarged and displayed. is there.
- the calibration accuracy can be easily and intuitively confirmed on the spot where the calibration is performed.
- one component of the world coordinates may be corrected after clicking the mouse, but is not limited to these.
- the image coordinates of the index points and the world coordinates are manually input.
- the image coordinates are determined by image recognition technology such as template matching from the color, shape, peripheral background, etc. of the index points.
- the upper corresponding point may be automatically obtained.
- the display method and the display form of the index points to be displayed should be changed according to the value of the camera calibration error. For example, it is possible not to display the correct one, to display the detection result or the template used if the error is large, or to display only the detection result. By changing the display mode of the index point according to the value of the calibration error, the user can easily determine whether or not the index point input by image recognition is correct.
- the world coordinate input can be further automated, and calibration can be performed simply by copying the index point with a camera. Become.
- the calibration device of the present embodiment is useful when calibrating a monitoring power mela or the like installed in a shopping street, a station premises, a street, or the like. It can also be applied to calibration of wide-area surveillance cameras such as airports, harbors and rivers. [0085]
- the present invention includes a display control means for displaying the detected correspondence error on the video display device in association with the index point and the corresponding point, so that the index point and the corresponding point to be corrected for calibration are provided.
- a display control means for displaying the detected correspondence error on the video display device in association with the index point and the corresponding point, so that the index point and the corresponding point to be corrected for calibration are provided.
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JP2001187552A (ja) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-07-10 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | 映像位置関係補正装置、該映像位置関係補正装置を備えた操舵支援装置、及び映像位置関係補正方法 |
JP2002135765A (ja) * | 1998-07-31 | 2002-05-10 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | カメラキャリブレーション指示装置及びカメラキャリブレーション装置 |
JP2003284059A (ja) * | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-03 | Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp | カメラ画像による移動物体追跡装置およびカメラパラメータのキャリブレーション方法並びに装置 |
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US6819867B2 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2004-11-16 | Panavision, Inc. | Hand-held remote control and display system for film and video cameras and lenses |
EP1349114A3 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2011-06-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Sensor calibration apparatus, sensor calibration method, program, storage medium, information processing method, and information processing apparatus |
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2004
- 2004-08-27 JP JP2004247931A patent/JP2006067272A/ja active Pending
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2005
- 2005-08-18 US US11/573,461 patent/US20090021580A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-18 WO PCT/JP2005/015053 patent/WO2006022184A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-08-18 CN CNA2005800289523A patent/CN101010958A/zh active Pending
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2002135765A (ja) * | 1998-07-31 | 2002-05-10 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | カメラキャリブレーション指示装置及びカメラキャリブレーション装置 |
JP2001187552A (ja) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-07-10 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | 映像位置関係補正装置、該映像位置関係補正装置を備えた操舵支援装置、及び映像位置関係補正方法 |
JP2003284059A (ja) * | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-03 | Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp | カメラ画像による移動物体追跡装置およびカメラパラメータのキャリブレーション方法並びに装置 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2059903B1 (fr) * | 2006-09-08 | 2014-06-25 | Digital Barriers SAS | Procede et outil de configuration d'au moins un systeme de videosurveillance intelligente |
US8866904B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2014-10-21 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Calibrating apparatus for on-board camera of vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20090021580A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
CN101010958A (zh) | 2007-08-01 |
JP2006067272A (ja) | 2006-03-09 |
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