WO2006019061A1 - 水素内燃エンジン自動車の走行方法 - Google Patents
水素内燃エンジン自動車の走行方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006019061A1 WO2006019061A1 PCT/JP2005/014851 JP2005014851W WO2006019061A1 WO 2006019061 A1 WO2006019061 A1 WO 2006019061A1 JP 2005014851 W JP2005014851 W JP 2005014851W WO 2006019061 A1 WO2006019061 A1 WO 2006019061A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- hydrogen
- hydrazine
- catalyst
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0227—Means to treat or clean gaseous fuels or fuel systems, e.g. removal of tar, cracking, reforming or enriching
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/06—Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
- F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S123/00—Internal-combustion engines
- Y10S123/12—Hydrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for supplying hydrogen fuel to a hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle equipped with a hydrogen internal combustion engine that uses hydrogen gas as fuel.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a fuel cell that uses a hydrogen-containing compound such as methanol or hydrazine as a fuel. It has been pointed out that there are various problems in practical application.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes hydrogen in which an automobile is driven by directly burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine. Although automobiles (hydrogen internal combustion engine automobiles) have been introduced and there are various problems, it is explained that improvements for practical application of hydrogen internal combustion engine automobiles have been made steadily. In addition to this method of using hydrogen gas filled in a pressure vessel as hydrogen gas fuel, this Non-Patent Document 2 also includes research on using hydrogen gas obtained by loading methanol on an automobile and reforming the methanol. There is also a statement that it has been made.
- Patent Document 1 a hydrogen-containing compound such as methanol, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas or compressed natural gas is loaded on an automobile, and these hydrogen-containing compounds are reformed on the same automobile.
- a system is described in which hydrogen gas is generated by being decomposed by an apparatus, this hydrogen gas is compressed and stored in a tank, and this hydrogen gas is used as fuel for a hydrogen internal combustion engine automobile.
- Non-Patent Document 1 “Expanded Battery Manual”, Maruzen Co., Ltd. issued on January 20, 1995
- Non-Patent Document 2 41-42 of “Yi Gakaku”, No. 54, No. 6 (1999)
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-180906
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for supplying hydrogen gas fuel for a hydrogen internal combustion engine automobile.
- the present invention provides a hydrazine solution in the vaporized product after vaporizing an aqueous solution of hydrazine loaded on the vehicle as the fuel hydrogen gas when the vehicle equipped with a hydrogen internal combustion engine using hydrogen gas as a fuel is run.
- a hydrogen internal combustion engine automobile traveling method is characterized by using hydrogen gas obtained by decomposing the catalyst by contacting it with a catalyst.
- the present invention also provides a hydrazine aqueous solution, a hydrazine aqueous solution vaporizer, a catalyst device including a catalyst that decomposes upon contact with vaporized hydrazine, and a hydrogen internal combustion engine equipped with a hydrogen internal combustion engine.
- a hydrazine aqueous solution a hydrazine aqueous solution vaporizer
- a catalyst device including a catalyst that decomposes upon contact with vaporized hydrazine
- a hydrogen internal combustion engine equipped with a hydrogen internal combustion engine.
- the catalyst is a catalyst containing aluminum, platinum, noradium, or tungsten.
- the catalyst device includes catalyst heating means.
- the catalyst is a catalyst containing aluminum, platinum, noradium, or tungsten.
- Hydrazine is usually contained in an aqueous solution as a monohydrate (hydrazine hydrate). Therefore, the above reaction formula can also be written as follows.
- an aqueous solution of hydrazine an aqueous solution of an arbitrary concentration can be used.
- an aqueous solution of hydrazine having a high concentration for example, a concentration of 60% by weight or more, particularly 80% by weight or more
- a low concentration hydrazine aqueous solution it is preferable to reduce the water content using a dehumidifying means or the like in order to increase the decomposition efficiency before contacting with the catalyst for decomposition.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for taking out hydrazine aqueous hydrogen gas of the present invention (installing these apparatuses in an automobile).
- the hydrazine aqueous solution is stored in the hydrazine aqueous solution tank 1, and the hydrazine aqueous solution stored in this tank is taken up by an electrical engineer that is taken out from the battery mounted on the automobile when the engine is started. After the engine is started, it is heated by the thermal energy generated by the engine start and is injected and vaporized by the injection device 2.
- the hydrazine concentration of the hydrazine aqueous solution is not high, it is desirable to perform a dehumidification (water content reduction) treatment before the hydrazine aqueous solution is vaporized.
- the vaporized mixture of hydrazine and water is then fed to the catalyst device (hydrazine decomposition device) 3.
- the catalyst device hydrazine decomposition device 3
- one or a plurality of metal or ceramic substrates 6 carrying a catalyst 4 on one surface and a heating tool 5 on the other surface are fixed. That is, the vaporized hydrazine is brought into contact with the catalyst 4 in a heated state (preferably 100 ° C or higher, more preferably 150 ° C or higher, and this heating is effective for catalyst activation, dehydration, etc.).
- a mixed gas of hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas is generated.
- This mixed gas also contains water supplied from an aqueous solution and water released from hydrazine hydrate (hydrazine monohydrate) as
- the type of hydrazine decomposition catalyst is not particularly limited, but aluminum, platinum, palladium
- Tungsten nickel, copper, manganese dioxide and the like are preferably used.
- a mixed gas containing hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas, and water vapor generated in the catalyst device is It can be supplied as it is to the hydrogen internal combustion engine 7 and burned by reaction with oxygen supplied separately. Further, if necessary, nitrogen gas can be separated, water vapor can be removed, or vice versa. Alternatively, it may be stored in a hydrogen storage cylinder and then supplied to the hydrogen internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for extracting hydrogen gas of hydrazine aqueous solution of the present invention (installing these apparatuses in an automobile).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/660,353 US7631713B2 (en) | 2004-08-19 | 2005-08-12 | Method for driving hydrogen internal combustion engine car |
JP2006531769A JPWO2006019061A1 (ja) | 2004-08-19 | 2005-08-12 | 水素内燃エンジン自動車の走行方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-239989 | 2004-08-19 | ||
JP2004239989 | 2004-08-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006019061A1 true WO2006019061A1 (ja) | 2006-02-23 |
Family
ID=35907449
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/014851 WO2006019061A1 (ja) | 2004-08-19 | 2005-08-12 | 水素内燃エンジン自動車の走行方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7631713B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2006019061A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006019061A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007269529A (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-18 | Toyota Tsusho Corp | 水素製造装置 |
JP2009062215A (ja) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-26 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 水素発生材料、水素発生材料の製造方法、水素発生材料の容器、水素燃料車両、及び携帯用機器 |
JP2011115710A (ja) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-16 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology | 水素発生用触媒及び水素発生方法 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090025282A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-01-29 | Adelman Barnet R | Nitrogen based fuel systems |
US9140161B2 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2015-09-22 | Alset Ip S A R.L. | Bi-fuel engine with variable air fuel ratio |
US10096008B2 (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2018-10-09 | Mastercard International Incorporated | Methods and systems for processing electronic disbursements |
CN111252734B (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2022-11-08 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种可移动快速自热制氢装置及应用 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002039022A (ja) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-02-06 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料改質ガスエンジンの改質ガス供給装置 |
JP2003040602A (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-13 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 燃料電池用水素製造装置 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3673801A (en) * | 1968-09-23 | 1972-07-04 | Pioneer Research Inc | Propulsion method using catalytic decomposition of hydrazine |
US4111160A (en) * | 1976-04-16 | 1978-09-05 | Talenti Pier F | Method and apparatus for operating combustion engines |
US4182278A (en) * | 1977-08-29 | 1980-01-08 | Coakwell Charles A | Combustion system for internal combustion engines |
US4344831A (en) * | 1980-09-12 | 1982-08-17 | Weber Charles T | Apparatus for the generation of gaseous fuel |
US6250078B1 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2001-06-26 | Millennium Cell, L.L.P. | Engine cycle and fuels for same |
US6439334B1 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2002-08-27 | Circle Seal Controls, Inc. | Alternative fuels vehicle and fuel-system valve used therein |
US6866756B2 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2005-03-15 | Dennis Klein | Hydrogen generator for uses in a vehicle fuel system |
ES2297153T3 (es) * | 2003-04-08 | 2008-05-01 | Vittorio Patrono | Motor rotativo para vehiculos motor de muy bajo consumo y tasa de contaminacion. |
US7350604B2 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2008-04-01 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Gaseous fuel system for automotive vehicle |
-
2005
- 2005-08-12 WO PCT/JP2005/014851 patent/WO2006019061A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-08-12 US US11/660,353 patent/US7631713B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-12 JP JP2006531769A patent/JPWO2006019061A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002039022A (ja) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-02-06 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料改質ガスエンジンの改質ガス供給装置 |
JP2003040602A (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-13 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 燃料電池用水素製造装置 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007269529A (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-18 | Toyota Tsusho Corp | 水素製造装置 |
JP2009062215A (ja) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-26 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 水素発生材料、水素発生材料の製造方法、水素発生材料の容器、水素燃料車両、及び携帯用機器 |
JP2011115710A (ja) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-16 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology | 水素発生用触媒及び水素発生方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7631713B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 |
US20070284168A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
JPWO2006019061A1 (ja) | 2008-05-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR102315763B1 (ko) | 암모니아 분해 및 수소 생산 시스템 | |
RU2265920C2 (ru) | Система снабжения водородом и мобильная система для получения водорода | |
CN1119201C (zh) | 用于燃料电池动力设备中的燃料脱硫系统 | |
EP1901831B1 (en) | Method and device for safe and controlled delivery of ammonia from a solid ammonia storage medium | |
WO2006019061A1 (ja) | 水素内燃エンジン自動車の走行方法 | |
JP6867310B2 (ja) | Co2を燃料に車両上で変換する方法及びそのための装置 | |
JPH11501378A (ja) | 触媒コンバータを加熱してエミッションを低減するための方法及び装置 | |
TWI814286B (zh) | 加氫站及氫生成方法 | |
US11817610B2 (en) | Carbon-neutral process for generating electricity | |
US20240072286A1 (en) | Carbon-neutral process for generating electricity | |
AU2021357064A9 (en) | Carbon-neutral process for generating electricity | |
CN112594056A (zh) | 余热分解含氢化合物的燃氢发动机 | |
JP2002241772A (ja) | ガソリンスタンド | |
KR101254669B1 (ko) | 선박용 연료전지 시스템 | |
JP2002337999A (ja) | 燃料供給システム | |
KR102453313B1 (ko) | 선박의 연료전지 발전시스템 및 동 시스템을 구비한 선박 | |
CN201165470Y (zh) | 一种高效、快速、结构紧凑的车载富氢气体制备装置 | |
JP2005306687A (ja) | 水素ガス分離装置、水素ガス生成装置、及び、燃料電池システム | |
JP2011007047A (ja) | 水素製造装置を備えた内燃機関および内燃機関システム | |
JP2015501345A (ja) | 補助電源ユニット用途における水素化脱硫ユニットおよび固体酸化物形燃料電池システムの組み合わせへの送達のための非触媒水素発生プロセス | |
JP2010030843A (ja) | 水素製造用触媒、それを用いた水素製造装置 | |
JP4398237B2 (ja) | 燃料改質装置及び燃料の改質方法 | |
JP4072337B2 (ja) | 改質炭化水素及び水素の製造方法と製造装置、燃料電池搭載型エンジン、及びエネルギーステーション | |
JP2004327191A (ja) | 燃料電池用改質ガス製造方法及び改質ガス製造装置 | |
JP2004051391A (ja) | 水素ガス生成装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 11660353 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006531769 Country of ref document: JP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase | ||
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 11660353 Country of ref document: US |