WO2006003968A1 - 凍結融解による濃縮物及び懸濁固形分分離装置 - Google Patents
凍結融解による濃縮物及び懸濁固形分分離装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006003968A1 WO2006003968A1 PCT/JP2005/012030 JP2005012030W WO2006003968A1 WO 2006003968 A1 WO2006003968 A1 WO 2006003968A1 JP 2005012030 W JP2005012030 W JP 2005012030W WO 2006003968 A1 WO2006003968 A1 WO 2006003968A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- freeze
- thaw
- fluid
- heating medium
- concentrate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/22—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by freezing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/02—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation containing fruit or vegetable juices
- A23L2/08—Concentrating or drying of juices
- A23L2/12—Concentrating or drying of juices by freezing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/0004—Crystallisation cooling by heat exchange
- B01D9/0013—Crystallisation cooling by heat exchange by indirect heat exchange
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/0059—General arrangements of crystallisation plant, e.g. flow sheets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a concentrate by freeze-thawing and an apparatus for separating suspended solids.
- the present invention produces a concentrate with a specific surface area of 2 or more and produces a concentrate by controlling the thawing rate, and separates Z or solids by freeze-thaw concentrate and suspended solids.
- the present invention relates to a separation device.
- solutions X that dissolve component A and contain suspended solids B.
- solutions X include solutions ranging from liquid food to sludge and other wastes. Is possible.
- the technology for obtaining the concentrate of target component A from a certain solution X and the technology for separating Z or suspended solids B are used in various industries such as the food industry, the environmental industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the chemical industry. This is a useful technology that is expected to be applied.
- Concentration methods such as a) evaporation, b) membrane concentration, or c) freeze concentration are currently used as techniques for obtaining such concentrates.
- some of the present inventors have developed a method for producing a concentrate that is a method applying the freeze concentration method, which can reduce the cost and can be easily performed (see Patent Document 1). ).
- Patent Literature l WO03Z. 72216 A1 publication.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a concentrate and a suspended solids separation device by freezing and thawing, in which the method for producing the concentrate is simply performed.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a freeze-thaw concentrate and a suspended solids separation device having a simple structure by using the same fluid having different temperatures as the refrigerant and the temperature medium. There is.
- a freeze-thaw vessel having a flow path through which a refrigerant or a heating medium flows is provided in the freeze-thawing tank, and the refrigerant and the heating medium are the same fluid having different temperatures, and the temperature of the fluid is controlled.
- a device for separating a concentrate and suspended solids by freeze-thaw comprising a fluid temperature controller, wherein the freeze-thaw tank is filled with a liquid to be concentrated and Z or a liquid to be separated with a solid, and a refrigerant is supplied to the flow path.
- the heating medium is An apparatus for obtaining a concentrate and Z or solid content by thawing the frozen mass by flowing in a flow path, wherein the external structure has a specific surface area of the frozen mass of 1.7 or more, preferably 2 or more.
- the above device having a structure of 2.0 to 2.5.
- the specific surface area refers to the surface area per unit volume (cm 2 / cm 3 ).
- the flow path is formed by providing a partition in the internal space of the freeze thaw, and the flow direction of the fluid may be regulated by the partition.
- the freeze-thaw tank has a jacket layer having a heating medium channel outside thereof, and when the frozen mass is thawed, the heating medium channel of the jacket layer It is advisable to warm the inside of the freeze-thawed layer by pouring a heating medium.
- the external structure is at least one selected from the group consisting of a cage structure, a hemispherical structure, a semi-elliptical spherical structure, and a substantially cylindrical structure. It is preferable that a plurality of frozen structures are formed.
- a plurality of freeze-thaw devices may be provided.
- the freeze / thaw tank may include an inflow / outflow port for the liquid to be concentrated or the liquid to be separated from the solid.
- the freeze / thaw tank may include a solid content outlet.
- the freeze thaw includes a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, and the fluid temperature controller and the freeze thaw It may be connected by a conduit via an inlet and a fluid outlet.
- the fluid temperature controller includes a refrigerator that cools the fluid and uses it as a refrigerant, and uses the heat generated by the condenser of the refrigerator as a fluid. It is better to use it as heat to heat the heating medium.
- the present invention provides a freeze-thawed concentrate and suspended solids separation device having a simple structure by using the same fluid having different temperatures as a refrigerant and a heating medium. be able to.
- the present invention provides a freeze-thaw tank having a flow path through which a refrigerant or a heating medium flows in a freeze-thaw tank, and the refrigerant and the heating medium are the same fluids having different temperatures, and the fluid that controls the temperature of the fluid It is a freeze-thawed concentrate and suspended solids separator equipped with a temperature controller.
- the apparatus of the present invention fills the freeze-thaw tank with the liquid to be concentrated and Z or the liquid to be separated into solids, and the liquid to be concentrated along the external structure of the freeze-thaw by flowing a refrigerant through the flow path.
- the liquid to be separated into solids is frozen to obtain a frozen mass attached to the external structure, and then the frozen mass is melted by flowing a heating medium through the flow path to obtain a concentrate and Z or solid content.
- the external structure of the freeze thaw of the apparatus of the present invention has a structure in which the specific surface area of the frozen mass is 1.7 or more, preferably 2 or more, and practically 2.0 to 2.5.
- the specific surface area means a surface area per unit volume (cm 2 Zcm 3 ).
- the “warm medium” refers to a “refrigerant” having a function of freezing a liquid to be concentrated and a liquid to be separated into Z or solids and a fluid having a relative action. That is, in the present application, the “heating medium” refers to a fluid having an action of thawing a frozen material.
- the apparatus of the present invention has a freeze thaw and a freeze thaw tank, and the freeze thaw is disposed in the freeze thaw tank.
- the freeze-thaw tank is filled with the liquid to be concentrated and the liquid to be separated into Z or solids, the freeze-thaw is arranged so that the external structure of the freeze-thaw and the liquid are in sufficient contact. Or filled with liquid.
- the freeze thaw has a flow path through which a refrigerant or a heating medium flows.
- the refrigerant and the heating medium used here are the same fluid having different temperatures.
- the flow path can be arranged in consideration of the efficiency of freezing or thawing.
- the flow path can be formed by providing a partition in the internal space of the freeze melter. This partition can regulate the direction of fluid flow.
- the freeze thaw should have a fluid inlet through which fluid can flow and a fluid outlet through which fluid can flow out.
- the temperature of the fluid is preferably controlled using a fluid temperature controller that controls the temperature of the fluid.
- the fluid temperature controller is connected to a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet provided in the freeze thaw through a conduit, and can guide the temperature-controlled fluid to the freeze thaw.
- the temperature of the fluid as the refrigerant and the temperature of the fluid as the heating medium can be controlled by the fluid temperature controller.
- a desired concentrate can be obtained by controlling the temperature of the heating medium to a required temperature and controlling the melting rate.
- the temperature of the heating medium is determined depending on the type of liquid to be concentrated, the amount of solute contained in the liquid, the external structure of the freeze thaw described later, and the like.
- the apparatus since the same fluid having different temperatures is used as the refrigerant or the heating medium, and the flow path through which the refrigerant flows and the flow path through which the heating medium flow are the same flow path, the internal structure of the freeze thaw Thus, the apparatus can be easily maintained, and the apparatus can be easily maintained, and the cost of the entire apparatus can be reduced.
- examples of the fluid that can be used as the refrigerant and the heating medium include a fluid that can be controlled to a temperature of 30 ° C. to + 30 ° C.
- ethylene glycol And fluids based on glycols such as propylene glycol (for example, Nylline (registered trademark, manufactured by Nisso Corporation); hydrocarbon-based fluids containing chlorine groups and Z or fluorine groups (for example, chlorodifluoromethane ( R-22), methyl chloride, etc.); ammonia and the like can be mentioned, but the fluid is not limited to these, but is preferably a fluid based on ethylene glycol from the viewpoint of ease of handling and environmental conservation. .
- the freeze-thaw device of the present invention has an external structure that forms a frozen mass in sufficient contact with the liquid to be concentrated and the Z or solid content separation liquid.
- the external structure should be designed so that the specific surface area of the frozen mass is 1.7 or more, preferably 2 or more, and practically 2.0 to 2.5.
- the external structure of the freeze thaw is not particularly limited.
- the external structure include a cage structure, a hemispherical structure, a semi-elliptical spherical structure, a substantially cylindrical structure, and a combination of these.
- a saddle type structure when used as the external structure, the following structure can be cited. That is, as a saddle-shaped structure, for example, one saddle may have a structure in which the ratio of depth: horizontal: vertical is 0.8: 1.0: 1.0, but is not limited to this structure.
- a frozen mass having a specific surface area in the above range is formed in one structure, for example, one cage. Since the frozen mass has a specific surface area in the above range, when it is heated by a heating medium, the width of the temperature distribution due to its shape can be kept very small. That is, the frozen mass having the above-mentioned surface area can have a uniform or close temperature distribution during freezing and thawing, so that the melting rate becomes uniform and a concentrate with a desired concentration rate can be obtained. Obtainable.
- the apparatus of the present invention may have one or more of the freeze thaws described above.
- the purpose of improving the processing capacity can be achieved by providing the above-mentioned freeze-thaw unit as one unit and providing a plurality of such units. .
- the fluid temperature controller includes a refrigerator that cools the refrigerant. Is good.
- a refrigerator has a condenser, and heat is generated from the condenser when the temperature of the refrigerant is lowered by the refrigerator. It is better to use this heat as heat for heating the heating medium.
- the freeze-thaw tank preferably has an inlet / outlet port for the liquid to be concentrated and Z or the liquid to be separated from the solid content.
- the freeze-thaw tank should also have a concentrate outlet and a Z or solids outlet.
- the freeze / thaw tank has a jacket layer having a flow path for the heating medium outside thereof, and when the frozen mass is thawed, the heating medium is passed through the flow path for the heating medium of the jacket layer, and the inside of the freeze / thaw layer is passed through. It is better to heat.
- the frozen mass can also be heated with no temperature unevenness by passing through the air in the freeze-thaw tank.
- the concentrate with the desired concentration and Z or suspended solids can be separated.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a freeze-thawed concentrate and suspended solids separation apparatus 1 according to the present invention having a freeze-thaw 2 and a freeze-thaw tank 3.
- FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the freeze thaw 2 used in the apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the freeze thaw 2 used in the apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the concentrate and suspended solids separation device 1 by freeze-thawing according to the present invention.
- two freeze thawers 2 and 2 ′ are provided in the freeze thaw tank 3.
- the nozzle 5 and the distributor 7 are arranged above the freeze thaws 2 and 2 ′, and the refrigerant or the heating medium fluid flows into or out of the freeze thawers 2 and 2 ′ via the nozzle 5 and the distributor 7. can do.
- the freeze / thaw tank 3 is arranged so that freeze-thaw devices 2 and 2 ′ are provided therein.
- the freeze / thaw tank 3 is provided with a jacket 9, a heat insulating material layer 11, and a heat insulating cover 13 on the outside for maintaining the temperature.
- the freeze-thaw tank 3 is provided with a nozzle 15 on the bottom side thereof, and the liquid to be concentrated and the liquid to be separated into Z or solids may flow into or out of the freeze-thaw tank 3 through the nozzle 15. it can.
- freeze-thaw tank 3 is provided with a nozzle 17 for discharging the concentrate.
- concentration concentration
- concentration concentration
- concentration can also be provided at other locations as long as it is at the bottom of the force freeze-thaw tank 3 attached to the nozzle 15.
- the freeze-thaw tank 3 is provided with a filter 19 inside.
- the filter 19 is provided to discharge the solid content out of the freeze-thaw tank 3 when the solid content is separated during thawing.
- the freeze / thaw tank 3 can be provided with a discharge port 21 for discharging the solid content.
- the freezing and thawing tank 3 in order to heat the entire inside of the tank 3 when thawing the frozen mass, it is preferable to provide a heating medium channel (not shown in FIG. 1) in the jacket 9.
- the inlet 23 and outlet 25 are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows a side cross-sectional view of the freeze thaw 2 shown in FIG.
- the freeze thaw 2 has a nozzle 103a for flowing in a coolant or a heating medium fluid and a nozzle 103b for flowing out, and has a regulation plate 105 for regulating the flow of the refrigerant or the heating medium fluid therein.
- the restriction plate 105 is merely an example, and a configuration in which the cooling capacity by the refrigerant or the heating capacity by the heating medium is efficiently transmitted to the outside, and when the frozen mass formed in Z or between the frozen masses is melted.
- the control plate may have any configuration as long as it has a configuration that makes the temperature distribution of the plate uniform.
- the freeze thaw 2 has metal fins 10 7 outside thereof, and the fins 107 form a bowl-shaped structure.
- the metal forming the fin 107 depends on the liquid to be concentrated and the liquid to be separated into Z or solids, but is not particularly limited as long as it is a good heat conductor.
- the freeze thaw 2 should have a metal wire 109 on its outer bottom surface. With this metal wire 109, it is possible to prevent the frozen mass formed at the bottom of the melting freezer 2 from falling easily.
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the freeze thaw 2 shown in FIG.
- the freeze thaw 2 has a cage structure formed by the fins 107.
- a frozen mass 203 is formed in the space formed by the cage structure.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a frozen mass 203 formed by one of the bowl-shaped structures, but a frozen mass is formed in each bowl.
- the formed frozen mass has an abbreviation of the ratio of width (x) 0.8: length () 1.0: depth ( 2 ) 1.0. It is a rectangular parallelepiped.
- freeze-thaw concentrate and suspended solids separator 1 of the present invention When manufacturing and separating Z or solids, it is operated as follows. That is, through the nozzle 15, the liquid to be concentrated and the liquid to be separated into Z or solids flow into 3 freeze-thaw tanks. The amount of inflow is about 80% of the freeze / thaw tank 2 and the amount that the freeze-thaw 3 and the liquid to be concentrated and the liquid to be separated into Z or solids are in sufficient contact.
- the freezing step is performed by flowing a refrigerant into the freeze thaw 2. That is, the valves VI and V2 shown in FIG. 4 are opened, and the other valves (V52 to V55, V62 to V65) are all closed.
- a refrigerant having a desired temperature flows from the refrigerator 301 through the conduit into the freeze thaw 2, and a frozen mass is gradually formed in each of the soots formed by the fins 107.
- the frozen mass gradually grows along the outer surface of the freezing melter and inside the tub, and the circulation of the refrigerant is stopped when the frozen mass fills the tub.
- the temperature of the refrigerant depends on the liquid to be concentrated and the liquid to be separated into Z or solids.
- the growth rate of the frozen mass decreases after about 1 hour from the start of the refrigerant circulation, and then decreases. From the viewpoint of productivity, it is better to stop the circulation of the refrigerant in about 1 hour.
- the unfrozen liquid remaining in the freeze / thaw tank 3 is discharged to the outside through the nozzle 15. Then, the valves VI and V2 shown in FIG. 4 are closed, and the other valves (V52 to V55, V62 to V65). All open.
- the heating medium at the desired temperature flows from the heating medium tank 320 into the freezing and thawing device 2 via the conduit, and the frozen mass gradually melts.
- a heating medium having a desired temperature flows from the heating medium tank 330 into the jacket 9 of the freezing and thawing tank 3 through a conduit, whereby the entire inside of the freezing and thawing tank 3 is heated.
- the concentrate outlet nozzle 17 provided at the bottom of the freeze thaw 2 is opened while the heating medium at the desired temperature flows into the freeze thaw 2 and the freeze thaw tank 3.
- the concentrate produced by melting can be obtained continuously through the nozzle 17.
- the solid content When the solid content is separated at the same time as obtaining the concentrate, or when only the solid content is separated, the solid content falls spontaneously and deposits on the filter 19 by bringing the heating medium to the desired temperature.
- the accumulated solid content can be taken out through the outlet 21.
- the desired temperature of the heating medium depends on the liquid to be concentrated and the liquid to be separated into Z or solid, and the case where a concentrate is obtained and the Z or solid is separated.
- the temperature of the heating medium is determined depending on the type of the liquid to be concentrated, the amount of the solute contained in the liquid, the external structure of the freeze thaw described above, and the like.
- the control of the heating medium temperature can achieve the purpose even if it is relatively coarser than when the concentrate is obtained.
- the temperature control of the heating medium can be performed as follows. That is, the temperature of the heating medium in the distributor 7 and the temperature of the gas in the freeze / thaw tank 3 are detected, and based on these temperatures, an electric valve is connected via a temperature controller (indicated as “TIC” in FIG. 4). Automatically opens and closes V54 and V55, and V64 and V65. Thus, the temperature of the heating medium can be controlled by adjusting the amount of the heating medium and the amount of refrigerant to be bypassed to the heating medium tanks 320 and 330.
- TIC temperature controller
- the valve V64 is opened and the refrigerant flows into the heating medium tank 320.
- the valve V65 is closed, the temperature of the heating medium in the heating medium tank 320 is lowered, and the heating medium at the desired temperature can be flowed into the freeze thaw 2.
- the valve V65 is opened and the hot water flows into the jacket of the heating medium tank 320.
- the valve V64 is closed, the temperature of the heating medium in the heating medium tank 320 is increased, and the heating medium at a desired temperature can be caused to flow into the freeze-thaw unit 2.
- the same operation as the control of the temperature of the heating medium in the distributor can be performed. That is, when the temperature of the heating medium in the freeze / thaw tank 3 is higher than the set temperature, the valve V54 is opened and the refrigerant flows into the heating medium tank 330. At the same time, the valve V55 is closed, the temperature of the heating medium in the heating medium tank 330 is lowered, and the heating medium at a desired temperature can be flowed into the freezing / thawing tank 3.
- the valve V55 is opened and hot water flows into the jacket of the heating medium tank 330.
- the valve V54 is closed, the temperature of the heating medium in the heating medium tank 320 is increased, and the heating medium at a desired temperature can be caused to flow into the freeze-thaw tank 3.
- the temperature of the medium in the distributor 7 and the temperature of the gas in the freeze / thaw tank 3 should be set to about 13 ° C.
- the refrigerant temperature was set at an average of 10 ° C.
- the temperature of the medium in the distributor 7 was set at an average of 6 ° C.
- the gas temperature in the freeze / thaw tank 3 was set at an average of 12 ° C.
- the concentrate B-1 (shown by the solid line) obtained by the apparatus of the present invention has a concentration of more than 2.5 times at the beginning of melting and zero concentration of water at the end of melting. can get .
- the amount of water obtained here is about 10% of the solution volume and can be disposed of as industrial wastewater that needs further treatment.
- the concentrate B-2 (shown by the dotted line) obtained by the comparison apparatus C can obtain a concentrate of about 1.5 to 2 times from the beginning of the melting to the middle, but the concentration is also at the end of the melting. Was about 0.3 times. At this concentration, it could not be discarded as industrial wastewater and had to be further treated.
- the device of the present invention can provide a concentrate with a higher concentration than the comparison device. Moreover, since the apparatus of the present invention can obtain a liquid almost close to water at the end of melting, it can be discarded as industrial wastewater without further processing. Therefore, the device of the present invention can greatly reduce the cost of obtaining the concentrate.
- Freeze concentration was performed using an apparatus as shown in Figs.
- the capacity of the freeze-thaw tank was 1.3L.
- the freezing and thawing machine has a cage structure as shown in Fig. 3 and is 140 mm x 140 mm x 75 mm (length x width x depth).
- the size of each bowl is 28 mm x 28 mm x 20 mm (length
- the number of saddle shapes was 5 in the y direction, 5 in the x direction, and 3 in the z direction as shown in FIG.
- Solution A-1 was charged into a freezing tank—cold brine at 20 ° C. was passed through a heat exchanger and frozen for 1 hour. After freezing, the unfrozen solution was discharged and the amount measured was 300 ml (substantially frozen amount was 850 ml). The specific surface area of the frozen mass obtained as a result was about 2.4 (cm cm).
- FIG. 6 shows the results of the freeze concentration test, where the horizontal axis is the melting rate [%] and the vertical axis is the concentration rate [].
- Example 1 Using the same apparatus as in Example 1, freeze concentration was performed. The specific surface area of the obtained frozen mass was the same as in Example 1.
- the melting time was 1 hour 49 minutes and the melting rate was 8.6 mlZ minutes.
- the horizontal axis is the melting rate [ %]
- the vertical axis indicates the freeze concentration test results with the concentration rate [].
- Example 1 Using the same apparatus as in Example 1, freeze concentration was performed. The specific surface area of the obtained frozen mass was the same as in Example 1.
- Solution A-3 was charged into a freezing tank—26 ° C cold brine was passed through a heat exchanger and frozen for 1 hour 30 minutes. After freezing, the unfrozen solution was discharged and the amount measured was 600 ml (the actual freezing amount was 804 ml).
- FIG. 8 shows the results of the freeze concentration test, with the horizontal axis representing the melting rate [%] and the vertical axis representing the concentration rate [].
- Example 2 Using the same apparatus as in Example 1, freeze concentration was performed. The specific surface area of the obtained frozen mass was the same as in Example 1.
- FIG. 9 shows the results of the freeze concentration test with the horizontal axis representing the melting rate [%] and the vertical axis representing the concentration rate [].
- Example 2 Using the same apparatus as in Example 1, freeze concentration was performed. The specific surface area of the obtained frozen mass was the same as in Example 1. As a sample, 1372 ml of commercially available lemon juice A-5 having a Brix value of 9.8% was used. Solution A-5 was charged into a freezing tank—26 ° C cold brine was passed through a heat exchanger and frozen for 1 hour 30 minutes. After freezing, the unfrozen solution was discharged and the amount measured was 700 ml (substantial freezing amount was 672 ml).
- FIG. 10 shows the results of the freeze concentration test, where the horizontal axis is the melting rate [%] and the vertical axis is the concentration rate [].
- FIG. 1 is a view showing one embodiment of a freeze-thaw concentrate and suspended solids separation apparatus 1 according to the present invention, in which a freeze-thaw 2 is provided in a freeze-thaw tank 3.
- FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of a freeze thaw 2 provided in the apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a freeze thaw 2 provided in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a concentrate and suspended solid content separation apparatus 1 by freeze-thawing according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the concentrate (solid line) obtained by the apparatus of the present invention, the concentrate (dotted line) obtained by the comparison apparatus, and the characteristics.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the results of a freeze concentration test of Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing the results of a freeze concentration test in Example 2.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing the results of a freeze concentration test of Example 3.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing the results of a freeze concentration test of Example 4.
- FIG. 10 is a view showing the results of a freeze concentration test in Example 5.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102826622A (zh) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种含有橡胶胶乳的废水的处理方法 |
WO2020037128A1 (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2020-02-20 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Freeze concentration for urine-based fertilizer production |
US20210139385A1 (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-13 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Reciprocating freeze concentration for urine-based fertilizer production |
Families Citing this family (1)
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CN113562801B (zh) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-10-14 | 中国海洋大学 | 多级海水冷冻淡化系统及淡化方法 |
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JPH01107802A (ja) * | 1987-10-19 | 1989-04-25 | Hoshino Hiroshi | 凍結濃縮方法および装置 |
JPH1054629A (ja) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-24 | Mayekawa Mfg Co Ltd | 溶液の凍結方法 |
JP2003265150A (ja) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-09-24 | Kagome Co Ltd | 野菜・果実ジュースの凍結濃縮方法とその凍結濃縮物及びその装置 |
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- 2005-06-30 WO PCT/JP2005/012030 patent/WO2006003968A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-06-30 JP JP2006528780A patent/JPWO2006003968A1/ja active Pending
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JPH01107802A (ja) * | 1987-10-19 | 1989-04-25 | Hoshino Hiroshi | 凍結濃縮方法および装置 |
JPH1054629A (ja) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-24 | Mayekawa Mfg Co Ltd | 溶液の凍結方法 |
JP2003265150A (ja) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-09-24 | Kagome Co Ltd | 野菜・果実ジュースの凍結濃縮方法とその凍結濃縮物及びその装置 |
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CN102826622A (zh) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种含有橡胶胶乳的废水的处理方法 |
WO2020037128A1 (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2020-02-20 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Freeze concentration for urine-based fertilizer production |
US11578011B2 (en) | 2018-08-15 | 2023-02-14 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Freeze concentration for urine-based fertilizer production |
US20210139385A1 (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-13 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Reciprocating freeze concentration for urine-based fertilizer production |
US11897822B2 (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2024-02-13 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Reciprocating freeze concentration for urine-based fertilizer production |
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