WO2005121336A1 - 環境dnaの精製方法及び環境dnaからのタンパク質をコードする遺伝子の効率的なスクリーニング方法 - Google Patents
環境dnaの精製方法及び環境dnaからのタンパク質をコードする遺伝子の効率的なスクリーニング方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/04—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
- C12N15/1003—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor
- C12N15/1006—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor by means of a solid support carrier, e.g. particles, polymers
- C12N15/101—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor by means of a solid support carrier, e.g. particles, polymers by chromatography, e.g. electrophoresis, ion-exchange, reverse phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6806—Preparing nucleic acids for analysis, e.g. for polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
- C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
- C40B30/00—Methods of screening libraries
- C40B30/04—Methods of screening libraries by measuring the ability to specifically bind a target molecule, e.g. antibody-antigen binding, receptor-ligand binding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
- G01N33/6845—Methods of identifying protein-protein interactions in protein mixtures
Definitions
- the present invention provides a method for purifying DNA from an environmental sample (hereinafter referred to as “environmental DNA”) and a method for efficiently screening a gene encoding a protein from environmental DNA.
- DNA used in genetic engineering is usually prepared by extraction and purification from purely cultured microorganisms and cells.
- the contaminants in the preparation are limited to substances derived from the culture medium, microbial organisms and the like.
- Today, methods for purifying DNA from these contaminants have been established for various cases.
- environment refers to, for example, soil, sludge, sewage, rivers, lakes, marshes, seawater, the sea floor, the inside and surface of tissues of insects, animals and plants, and the environment where microorganisms such as excreta live.
- “Environmental sample” means a sample taken from the environment. That is, unlike the case of pure culture of microorganisms and cells, when extracting and purifying DNA from environmental samples such as soil and sludge, it is necessary to separate DNA from various contaminants derived from environmental samples. is there.
- soil contains a large amount of a substance called humic.
- Humin is a natural organic substance in which the remains of animals and plants undergo microbial degradation, and the degradation products polymerize. Humin does not have a single molecular structure like ordinary chemicals.
- the elemental composition of humin is, for example, about 58% carbon, about 4% hydrogen, and 1.5-6.0% nitrogen, with the majority of the rest being oxygen, and containing less than 2% ash.
- Humin is classified into humic acid, fulvic acid and hymatomelanoic acid, all of which are alkali-soluble.
- the humic acid is extracted with an aqueous solution and then acidified, and the soluble component at pH 1 is fulvic acid,
- the alcohol-soluble component obtained by extracting the precipitate with alcohol is hymatomelanoic acid, and the insoluble component is humic acid.
- Humic acid derived from plants is sometimes called humic acid.
- humic acids include those derived from marine and lake zooplankton.
- humic acid has a similar molecular weight distribution and electric charge to DNA, when purifying DNA from environmental samples, it acts together with DM and becomes a major obstacle.
- Purification of the DNA may conveniently ultraviolet - can be determined in the visible portion of the absorbance waveforms and ⁇ 260 ⁇ / 280 ⁇ ⁇ ratio Oyobie 260 nm / 230 nm ratio.
- the ratio of L 260 nm / 280 nm and the ratio of ⁇ 260 nm 230 nm decrease, respectively.
- Non-Patent Document 3 As shown in Table 1, the ⁇ 260 nm / 280 nm ratio and the ⁇ 260 nm / 230 nm ratio of the purified soil DNA in the conventional methods for purifying soil DNA are up to about 1.2 and 1.4, respectively. Is low.
- Non-Patent Document 3 shown in Table 1 the effect of separating DNA and humic acid according to the type of the gel filtration carrier was examined, and it was reported that Sepharose 2B was most useful.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that the soil is first sonicated and extracted with a buffer containing Tris-HC1, EDTA, NaCl, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, then dissolved in TE buffer, and then purified using four purification protocols. It describes recovering soil DNA. The purity is evaluated by subjecting the purified soil DNA to PCR. Of the four protocols, protocol A (using only Elutip d columns (anion exchange resin)) and protocol B (using Sephacrl S200 (gel filtration) followed by Elut ip d column) No recovery or no PCR product was detected in the PCR. In protocol D (using a Microspin Sephacryl S400 HR column followed by an Elutip d column), PCR products were detected in the PCR.
- protocol A using only Elutip d columns (anion exchange resin)
- protocol B using Sephacrl S200 (gel filtration) followed by Elut ip d column
- protocol D using a Microspin Sephacryl S400 HR column followed by
- the purity of the soil DNA purified by the conventional method for purifying soil DNA was insufficient to the extent that it could be used as type II in PCR.
- Non-Patent Document 8 By collecting DNA directly from environmental samples and culturing it into a library without culturing microorganisms, it is now possible to access previously untouched genes, greatly increasing the opportunity for cloning useful genes. Can be expected. Therefore, a method for purifying high-purity environmental DNA that can be used for producing a desired enrichable library is desired.
- Non-Patent Document 9 Many enzymes used in industry today have been isolated and identified by screening microorganisms with the desired catalytic activity from soil. A common procedure of the screening method is pure culture of microorganisms. Individual microorganisms are cultured in various media and conditions, and colonies are selected at random.
- predetermined microorganisms are selected by subjecting them to selective sieving such as antibiotics and auxotrophy.
- a microorganism having the target enzyme can be selected. For example, when trying to obtain a thermostable enzyme, select only those microorganisms that can grow in an environment near 100 ° C. On the other hand, to obtain highly active enzymes at low temperatures, select microorganisms that grow well at low temperatures.
- selection is carried out in a medium in which substrate decomposition can be identified by halo or color reaction.
- select microorganisms that grow in media where the specific substrate targeted is the sole carbon or nitrogen source.
- microorganisms that can be cultured in a laboratory are said to be less than 1% of all microorganisms that exist in the environment such as soil, so that many microorganisms cannot be cultured in the environment. Exists.
- Patent Document 2 ⁇ 3 and non-patent literature
- the outline of the approach is to first extract DNA from environmental samples such as soil. Is purified. Next, the purified DNA is ligated to an appropriate vector, and a library is introduced into an appropriate host. In addition, a clone having the desired gene is searched for from the prepared library.
- the library created by recovering DNA from environmental samples is a library consisting of a mixed genome derived from various types of organisms, unlike a library derived from a single organism.
- the density of microbes in the environment depends on the environment. For example, the surface soil present dense, 10 8 to 10 1Q number of microorganisms present in the soil of lg at not many (non-patent document 1 3).
- Non-Patent Document 15 a library made from environmental samples has a very diverse and highly complex structure. Such a library is sometimes called a metagenomic library (Non-Patent Document 15).
- one important parameter in the conventional gene library is the number of genes or the genome size of the target organism species and the library size required to cover 100% of the number of genes or the genome size.
- a gene library is constructed to clone the amylase gene from a Bacillus strain producing a useful amylase.
- the gene library for isolating the amylase gene is as follows if the average insert of one clone is 5 Kbp. total about 10 times 50Mbp library, that may be made to include 10 4 independent clones.
- the number of clones to be included in the gene library can be determined.
- a metagenome library is a highly complex mixed genomic library containing genes of more than thousands of microorganisms. Therefore, when trying to isolate a target gene from a metagenomic library, it is necessary to screen a huge number of clones. As described above, the metagenome library can be expected to isolate genes with unknown functions, but has a very high throughput. It is important to do this on a computer.
- a vector is a cosmid vector or a BAC vector that can contain a large DNA fragment of 20 to 100 Kbp.
- the target gene can be easily recovered intact.
- the DNA in the metagenomic library is from an unknown microorganism. It is well known that the mechanisms involved in regulating gene expression differ depending on the species. For example, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence upstream of the start codon is complementary to the 16S ribosomal RNA sequence, and the distance to the start codon of the sequence affects the translation initiation frequency. The Shine-Dalgarno sequence upstream of many E. coli genes is not recognized in Bacillus subtilis.
- the phage display library method is a method including the following steps. First, a peptide with a random amino acid sequence fused to the coat protein is displayed on the phage surface. Next, a group of clones having a sequence that binds to the ligand protein is selected from the phage group displaying the peptides by abundance selection and amplified. By repeating this selection and amplification cycle, the desired clone is enriched (increase the S / N ratio). In the phage display library method, a phage displaying a peptide is related to a gene encoding a peptide. Further, 1 since the phage can be amplified, a single operation.
- Non-Patent Document 17 For example, using a random peptide library, identification of an antibody epitope or search for an oligopeptide having a novel biological activity has been performed.
- monoclonal antibodies can be obtained in a short time using an antibody library. The body is obtained.
- antibodies with higher affinity have been created using antibody libraries.
- attempts have been made to obtain enzymes from enzyme variant libraries.
- Patent Document 18 JP-T-2003-520578
- Patent Document 2 JP 2000-513933 A
- Patent Document 3 Special Table 2001-520055
- Non-Patent Document 1 C. Joe-Chan et al., J. Microbiol., 34 (3): 229, 1996
- Non-patent document 2 DN Miller et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65 (11): 4715, 1999 Non-patent document 3 DN Miller, J, Microbiological Methods, 44, 49, 2000 Non-patent document 4 C. Schar-Gurtner et al. , J. Microbiol. Methods, 45:77,
- Non Patent Literature 9 Hiromichi Ota, “Biocatalyst and Green Chemistry”, Chemical Engineering, vol.46, no.7, p49—53, 2001
- Non-Patent Document 10 Rondon, ⁇ ⁇ R., Et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66 (6): 2541-7, 2000
- Non-Patent Document 1 MacNeil, I. et al., J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 3 (2): 301-8, 2001.
- Non-patent Document 1 3 Supervised by Tadayuki Imanaka “Large Development of Microbial Utilization” N.T. p. 250-254, 2002
- Non-Patent Document 14 Torsvik V. et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 56 (3): 782-7, 1990
- Non-Patent Document 15 Handel sman J, Rondon MR, Brady SF, Clardy J, Goodman RM, Chem. Biol., 5 (10): R245-9, 1998
- Non-Patent Document 16 Band L, Henner DJ., DNA., 3 (1): 17-21, 1984
- Non-Patent Document 1 7 Smith, GP, Curr.Opin.Biotechnol., 2 (5): 668-73, 1991
- Non-Patent Document 18 Mattheakis, LC, Bhatt, RR and Dower, WJ, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 91,. 9022, 1994 Disclosure of the Invention
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies.As a result, DNA was recovered from environmental samples and subjected to gel filtration chromatography and / or ion-exchange chromatography. It has been found that environmental DNA derived from a sample can be obtained. Furthermore, a phage display library and an in vitro expression library of environmental DNA derived from environmental samples were prepared, and the library described above was prepared. The present inventors have found that, by performing screening based on the interaction between Li and a ligand, it is possible to efficiently screen a gene encoding a protein, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention includes the following.
- a method for screening a gene encoding a protein which comprises creating a display library of environmental DNA derived from an environmental sample and screening based on the interaction between the library and a ligand.
- a method for purifying environmental DNA derived from an environmental sample comprising collecting DNA from the environmental sample, and subjecting the DNA to gel filtration chromatography and / or ion-exchange chromatography.
- a method for screening a gene encoding a protein according to (1) characterized in that the method is purified by:
- the method of purifying the gene encoding the protein according to (2), wherein the method for purifying environmental DNA derived from the environmental sample includes recovering the DNA from the environmental sample and subjecting the recovered DNA to partial degradation.
- a DNA fragment enriched by the screening method of the gene encoding the protein according to (1) is amplified, collectively transferred to an expression vector, introduced into a host, and based on the activity expressed from the inserted gene. To screen the desired clones,
- (11) A method for screening a gene encoding the protein according to (1), using a combination of two or more ligands and / or carriers.
- a method for purifying environmental DNA derived from an environmental sample comprising recovering the DNA from the environmental sample, and subjecting the DNA to gel filtration chromatography and / or ion-exchange chromatography.
- the method for purifying environmental DNA derived from an environmental sample according to the present invention is a method comprising recovering DNA from the environmental sample and subjecting the DNA to gel filtration chromatography and / or ion exchange chromatography. According to the method for purifying environmental DNA according to the present invention, high-purity environmental DNA can be obtained.
- the term "environment” refers to, for example, microorganisms such as soil, sludge, sewage, rivers, lakes, marshes, seawater, the seabed, the inside and surface of tissues, insects, animals, and plant individuals, and excreta. Means the environment.
- the “environmental sample” is a sample collected from the environment, more preferably a sample collected from soil, sludge, the seabed, or the like, and particularly preferably a sample containing humic acid.
- An environmental sample is a sample taken from the environment. It is preferable that the pull is not cultured by adding a medium or the like.
- environmental DNA means DNA obtained from an environmental sample.
- soil DNA means DNA obtained from a soil sample in an environmental sample.
- display library means a phage display library and an in vitro expression library.
- the term “crushing” means an operation of releasing DNA from cells such as microorganisms in the environmental sample to the outside of the environmental sample, including the case where the environmental sample is in the form of a mass.
- DNA is recovered from an environmental sample. This method is outlined below.
- any means may be used as long as DNA in microorganisms existing in the environmental sample can be extracted.
- pulverization may be used as a DNA extraction means.
- crushing means for example, bead beating, sonication and the like can be used.
- the environmental sample is suspended in an appropriate amount (for example, an equivalent amount of the environmental sample) of the buffer.
- the buffer include Tris-HCl and PBS.
- the pH of the buffer is preferably neutral to weak alkali, that is, pH 7 to 9, and more preferably pH 7 to 8.
- the salt concentration of the buffer is preferably 0.1 M to 2 M, more preferably 1 M to 2 M.
- a surfactant such as TritonX-100, Tween20, Nonidet P-40 to the buffer, the dispersion of the environmental sample can be improved.
- glass beads are added to the environmental sample and pulverized.
- the amount of the glass beads used is preferably 1/3 to 2 times the weight of the environmental sample, more preferably 1/2 to the same weight.
- the particle size of the glass beads to be added is preferably 50 to 1000 ⁇ m, and 100 ⁇ ! More preferably it is ⁇ 500 m.
- the container containing the suspension and the glass beads is sealed and shaken with stirring.
- the beads may be made of a material other than glass as long as the beads are hard.
- microbial cells contained in the environmental sample can be disrupted.
- French press or ultrasonic treatment By providing, the cells such as microorganisms may be crushed.
- the supernatant containing environmental DNA is recovered, for example, by centrifugation or filtration.
- a general method such as phenol treatment or ethanol precipitation
- proteins contained in the supernatant can be removed and environmental DNA can be extracted.
- environmental DNA is adsorbed to the glass beads by changing the salt concentration of the suspension to a high concentration of 1 to 2 M after shaking and stirring. After the adsorption, the glass beads to which the environmental DNA has been adsorbed are washed, and the DNA is eluted, whereby the environmental DNA can be recovered.
- the recovered environmental DNA when the recovered environmental DNA is further reduced in molecular weight, the recovered environmental DM is reacted with a deoxyribonuclease (hereinafter, referred to as “DNase”). , It may be partially disassembled.
- DNase those having low specificity such as type I nuclease are preferable, and examples thereof include DNase I.
- the environmental DNA may be subjected to sonication to physically cut the environmental DNA to reduce the molecular weight.
- the conditions for the partial digestion are selected so that the target DNA size can be obtained after final purification.
- the conditions for obtaining many environmental DNA fragments of 2 Kbp size using DNase I include the reaction conditions shown in Table 2 below.
- Buffer composition 30m NaOAc, pH 5.2, 10mM MgCl 2
- the recovered environmental DNA is gel-filtered.
- the exclusion limit in gel filtration chromatography is preferably 10 a or more, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 6 Da or more, in dextran equivalent.
- the gel filtration carrier and / or column used for gel filtration chromatography includes, for example, Sephacry] S-300HR, Sephacryl S-400HR, Sephacryl S-500HR, Sepharose CL4B, Sepharose CL6B, Superose 6 and Superosel2. S.
- a carrier and / or a column for high performance liquid chromatography hereinafter, referred to as “HPLC”) may be used as long as it has the above exclusion limit.
- Buffers used in gel filtration chromatography include, for example, TE (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, ImM EDTA), TES (10 mM Tris-HC1, pH 8.0, ImM EDTA, 0.2 M NaCl) and the like. Is mentioned.
- the fraction obtained by elution contains environmental DNA can be confirmed, for example, by subjecting a portion of the fraction to agarose gel electrophoresis. it can. Further, the purity elution positions of the obtained fractions environmental DNA measures the absorbance of the fractions, ultraviolet - absorbance waveform in the visible part, be determined by e 260n m / 280mn ratio Oyobie 260 nm / 230 nm ratio Can be. A part of each fraction may be subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and a fraction containing environmental DNA of a desired size may be selected.
- a fraction containing environmental DNA obtained by gel filtration chromatography may be subjected to ion exchange chromatography in order to further increase the purity of environmental DNA.
- a weak anion exchange resin such as DE.AE.
- adsorb environmental DNA in a buffer with low ionic strength of about 50 mM Ts-HC1 (pH 8.0), ImM EDTA, and 0.2 M NaCl and use the same buffer with a salt concentration of about 0.5 M NaCl to protect the environment. Wash and remove impurities other than DNA, and elute environmental DNA with the same buffer at a salt concentration of about 1.0M NaCl.
- the purity of the obtained environmental DNA can be determined by measuring the absorbance and using the absorbance waveform of the ultraviolet-visible region, the ⁇ 260 nm / 280 nm ratio, and the ⁇ 260 nm / 230 nm ratio. it can. Separation of environmental DNA from contaminants such as humic acid and proteins when the ratio of 260nm / 280nm is 1.8-2.0 and / or when the ratio of 260nm / 230nni is 2.0 or more It can be determined that environmental DNA with high purity has been obtained.
- the order of gel filtration mouth chromatography and ion exchange chromatography may be reversed from the above description or may be used alone.
- a DNA fragment is cut out from the gel after agarose gel electrophoresis, and purified using a commercially available spin column, for example, QIA QUICK of Qiagen Co., Ltd. be able to.
- the environmental DNA can be purified so that the size of the environmental DNA is 0.5 kbp to 5 kbp, more preferably 0.6 to 4 kbp, and particularly preferably 0.8. ⁇ 3 kbp.
- environmental DNA having high purity can be obtained.
- various reactions such as genetic engineering processing for preparing a gene library, for example, restriction enzyme treatment, PCR, ligation, transformation, packaging into phage particles, and in vitro transcription / translation, contamination easily influenced.
- the environmental DNA obtained by the method for purifying environmental DNA according to the present invention has high purity and can be used without any inconvenience in the above-described various reactions.
- the screening method for the gene encoding the protein according to the present invention prepares a display library of environmental DNA, and allows the display library to interact with the ligand. It is a method that involves screening the clones that recognize ligands based on their action. According to the screening method of the present invention, a large number of clones can be collectively searched from environmental DNA for a gene encoding a protein recognizing a ligand. Can be screened.
- the “gene encoding a protein” means a gene or gene fragment encoding a protein having activity or function.
- Examples of the environmental DNA used in the screening method according to the present invention include environmental DNA purified by the above-described method for purifying environmental DNA according to the present invention.
- a display library of environmental DNA is prepared.
- Methods for selecting desired clones from the display library include the phage display method and the ribosome display method (C. Matthekis et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 91, .9022, 1994).
- Emmanoresion method (Tawfik DS & Griffth, AD, Nat. Biotechnol., 16, p. 652-656, 1998.), STABLE 3 ⁇ 4 (Doi, N. and Yanagawa, H., FEBS Lett., 457, p. 227) -230, 1999), in vitro virus method (Roberts, RW & Szostak, JW, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 94, p. 12297).
- environmental DNA is ligated to a vector.
- the vector that can be used include ⁇ -type phage, T7-type phage, M13-type phage, and ⁇ 4-type phage.
- Environmental DNA can be blunt-ended, and an adapter can be ligated so as to be compatible with a restriction site of a vector or a multicloning site.
- environmental DNA can be inserted into a gene encoding a protein that can be expressed in a host, or into a nucleotide sequence encoding the ⁇ -terminal or C-terminal of the protein.
- environmental DNA is inserted into a gene encoding a coat protein in a phage or into a base sequence encoding the ⁇ -terminal or C-terminal of the coat protein. This allows a protein or peptide encoded by environmental DNA to be displayed on a phage as a fusion protein with a coat protein.
- proteins or peptides encoded by environmental DNA are presented on fur.
- the vector can contain, for example, a gene expression control region, a reporter gene and a selection marker in addition to the environmental DNA.
- the gene expression control region include a cis element such as a promoter, a translation initiation signal, and an enhancer.
- Reporter genes include, for example, fluorescent and luminescent genes such as GFP luciferase, and protein genes that serve as antigens for easy-to-use antibodies.
- the selection marker for example, Amp 1 ⁇ Tet r, CnT , Kn, AUR1 - antibiotic resistance genes such as C and the like.
- the method of inserting the gene expression control region, the reporter gene, the selection marker, etc. into the vector is the same as the above-described method of inserting the environmental DNA vector.
- a transformant can be obtained by introducing a recombinant vector containing environmental DNA into a host.
- the host is not particularly limited as long as the above recombinant vector can be propagated.
- the method for introducing the above-described recombinant vector into bacteria is not particularly limited as long as it is a method for introducing DNA into bacteria. Examples include phage infection, a method using calcium ions, and an electroporation method.
- the recombinant vector containing environmental DNA can be amplified by growing the transformant.
- the vector used in the recombinant vector is a phage DNA such as a phage, T7 phage or T4 phage
- the transformant is infected by infecting a host such as E. coli after the completion of the packaging reaction. can do.
- the transformed phage DNA can be amplified by growing the transformed Escherichia coli.
- an amplified phage can be obtained.
- the amplified phage can be used directly as a library.
- the phage display library whether or not the phage has environmental DNA can be confirmed by PCR such as plaque PCR.
- translation is performed from rust RNA or transcription and translation from ⁇ type DNA using a cell extract without using cells to obtain a library.
- the environmental DNA is linked to a plasmid vector, or has a promoter and translation initiation signal, so that it can be expressed as a protein in a cell extract. Used.
- the target ligand for the display library of environmental DNA can be immobilized on the immobilization carrier.
- the ligand of interest can be labeled.
- ligands include, for example, high molecular enzyme substrates such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, etc .; NADH, NADPH, FMN, SAM, acetyl CoA, ATP, ADP, cAMP, GST, Coenzymes such as riboflavin; enzyme inhibitors such as amylazein inhibitors and protease inhibitors; low molecular enzyme substrates such as sugars, amino acids, and fats; metabolites in vivo; drugs such as pharmaceuticals.
- ligands include sugars such as cyclodextrin, amylose and acabose.
- a ligand when screening an enzyme or enzyme fragment from a display library of environmental DNA, a ligand is a substrate, a coenzyme, or an inhibitor. When screening for a hydrolase having a high activity, the screening is performed under conditions that bind to the ligand but do not degrade the ligand. Further, when insoluble particles such as starch-cellulose are used as the ligand, the ligand can be used as it is as a solid phase.
- the immobilized carrier examples include beads such as agarose beads, imino beads, hydrophilic beads and magnetic beads, and plates for enzyme immunoassay (EIA).
- beads such as agarose beads, imino beads, hydrophilic beads and magnetic beads, and plates for enzyme immunoassay (EIA).
- EIA enzyme immunoassay
- commercially available agarose beads for example, manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich
- already supporting various substances can be used as they are. In that case, the substance carried on the agarose beads becomes the ligand.
- the target ligand interacts with the immobilized carrier, and the target ligand is bound to the immobilized carrier.
- a ligand can be covalently bonded using functional groups such as an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group and a tosyl group disposed on the surface of the immobilized carrier.
- the functional group of the immobilization carrier is a carboxyl group, for example, a covalent bond can be formed between the functional group and an amino group present in the ligand to be immobilized, that is, an amine coupling can be formed.
- the carboxyl group is converted to PDEA to convert the free ligand existing in the target ligand.
- the digand is previously reacted with PDEA (2- (2-pyridinyldithio) ethaneamine hydrochloride) to convert the carboxyl group into PDEA.
- the carboxyl group of the immobilization carrier After activating the carboxyl group of the immobilization carrier, the carboxyl group is reacted with cystamine dihydrochloride, and then converted to thiol group by reduction with dithiothreitol (DTT). Then, a covalent bond (disulfide bond) is formed between the carboxyl group converted to PDEA and the thiol group on the side of the immobilized carrier. That is, a surface thiol cutting can be formed.
- DTT dithiothreitol
- clones bound to the ligand can be eluted based on the label.
- Labeling includes, for example, labeling with a biotin or a fluorescent substance.
- the ligand of interest is biotinylated and the ligand interacts with the display library in solution. Then, clones bound to the ligand can be eluted using streptavidin beads.
- screening is performed based on the interaction between the display library and the ligand.
- the interaction means an affinity binding between the display library and the ligand, an enzymatic reaction and the like. Screening is done by affinity selection.
- the affinity selection consists of steps such as binding reaction, washing and elution.
- the pH of the buffer may be selected from general biochemical buffers in the range of pH 2 to 12 depending on the purpose. For example, even if phage survival in the phage display library is in an unacceptable buffer pH range, affinity selection of only 1 sitar is possible.
- the immobilized carrier supporting the ligand may be contained in about 0.1 to 5% of a proteinaceous blocking agent such as BSA, skim milk, gelatin or collagen, if necessary.
- a proteinaceous blocking agent such as BSA, skim milk, gelatin or collagen
- the binding reaction in affinity selection can be performed at -10 ° C to 80 ° C depending on the purpose.
- the reaction time of the binding reaction may be from 1 minute to 24 hours depending on the desired binding characteristics and Kon value.
- the phage display library infects a host such as E. coli and operates using a lysate obtained by lysing the host. If the lysate contains a substance that inhibits the binding reaction with the ligand, remove the inhibitor using a gel filtration membrane with an appropriate pore size or dialysis, and use the buffer by replacing the buffer. be able to. Alternatively, the phage in the lysate may be precipitated with polyethylene daricol or the like, and the supernatant may be replaced.
- washing is performed by mixing with a washing buffer of about 10 to 50 times the volume of the immobilized carrier supporting the ligand for at least 1 minute, and then replacing the buffer.
- the number of times of this exchange can be, for example, 1 to 20 times.
- Removal of the washing buffer is performed by centrifugal precipitation of the immobilized carrier carrying the ligand or centrifugal filter, followed by suction removal.
- the washing buffer may be removed using a filter unit and a spin column or vacuum system. Washing using magnetic beads with the two-phase distribution method is also possible.
- the affinity selection it is generally preferable to elute competitively under mild conditions using a ligand solution that competes with the target ligand. Strong conditions, such as low ⁇ or high ⁇ , high or low temperatures, or including urea or detergents, that break the interaction between the ligand of interest and the clones in the display library as needed Elution with a buffer is also possible. If the eluent is inconvenient for the host in the subsequent operation, the elution operation is not performed, and the eluent can be added to the host bacterium while being bound to the bead.
- This eluate is usually subjected to clonal amplification.
- affinity selection may be performed using a different ligand to improve selectivity.
- the phage clone in the eluate obtained from the phage display library can be amplified by infecting a host such as E. coli. If the eluate contains the target ligand or a solution that competes with the target ligand is used, It inhibits the W amplification cycle and can be removed by infecting the host with the phage clone and then centrifuging the phage-infected host.
- a solution that competes with the ligand or ligand can be removed from the lysate by buffer replacement. Amplification of the phage clone can be confirmed by monitoring the phage titer of the lysate.
- gene amplification is performed by PCR or the like.
- the screened environmental DNA is amplified by PCR such as plaque PCR using the product of the phage clone or PCR as type III. Then, the amplified DNA is subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis to confirm environmental DNA. Furthermore, the base sequence of environmental DNA can be determined by sequence analysis of environmental DNA.
- the phage display library when used as the display library, proteins and peptides expressed from environmental DNA are displayed as fusion proteins on the phage surface. You.
- the resulting environmental DNA is not a complete coding sequence and may ordinarily lack some N-terminal or C-terminal sequences. Therefore, in order to obtain a complete coding region from the sequence information of the environmental DNA contained in the obtained phage clone, the upstream or downstream coding is performed in the same manner as in RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA ends). Need to make up for the recording area.
- the phage display library before screening One also contained clones that did not fuse due to the presence of untranslated regions.
- an outward primer and an adapter sequence or a primer containing a phage DNA sequence are used based on the sequence information obtained from the clone. Then, perform PCR using the phage display library DNA before screening as type III.
- the upstream or downstream coding region is obtained in this way, for example, the recombinant PCR method (Higuchi, R., (“Recombinant PCR”), PCR Protocols, p. 177-183, edited by MA Innis et al. Academic Press, Inc., 1990) to obtain a complete coding region.
- the sequence information of the environmental DNA contained in the obtained phage clone is checked against the gene database at the base sequence level or the amino acid sequence level, and the homology analysis is performed, whereby the protein encoded by the environmental DNA is obtained. Function or activity can be predicted.
- a transformant When a gene or gene fragment is isolated from environmental DNA and identified, a transformant is obtained by introducing the gene or gene fragment into a host as described above. By expressing the protein or peptide encoded by the gene or gene fragment in the transformant, the function or activity of the protein or peptide can be investigated.
- the enriched population may contain clones that retain not only the complete coding region but also a region that can exhibit catalytic activity.
- inserts of the enriched population are collectively amplified using a primer having a common sequence such as an adapter sequence or a vector sequence, and amplified by a PCR method or the like. Then, this is ligated to an appropriate intracellular expression vector or secretion expression vector, and the transformants can be obtained as a whole to obtain an enriched mini-expression library.
- a primer having a common sequence such as an adapter sequence or a vector sequence
- the frequency of the target clones can be expected to be improved, for example, because the clone population has already been enriched, for example, by about 1000 times as a clone population that recognizes and binds to the specific ligand. .
- the activity can be detected as follows. For example, when looking for the hydrolysis activity of sugars and protein / fat, a water-insoluble substrate such as starch, casein, oil or fat is mixed with the medium and cultured, and the degraded clear zone or halo is searched. In addition, a pH indicator, a color reaction for measuring various enzyme activities, a fluorescent reaction, a luminescence reaction reagent, an antibody, and the like, which are used in conventional enzyme screening, can be used.
- a gene encoding a target protein can be efficiently screened from a display library prepared from environmental DNA.
- a phage display library is used in the screening method according to the present invention, a phage clone group bound to a ligand can be concentrated and amplified. Therefore, the desired protein The labor and time required for selecting the gene coding for can be greatly saved.
- FIG. 1A shows an absorbance waveform of a pure DNA preparation ( ⁇ phage) as a positive control collected by UltraClean.
- Figure 1 1 shows the absorbance waveform of the soil DNA collected by UltraClean.
- FIG. 2 shows the absorbance waveform of the fraction containing soil DNA after gel filtration chromatography.
- FIG. 3 shows an agarose gel electrophoresis pattern of soil DNA subjected to partial degradation by DNasel.
- FIG. 4A shows the 280 nm absorbance of each fraction during FPLC.
- FIG. 4B shows an agarose gel electrophoresis pattern of each fraction after FPLC.
- FIG. 5 shows the absorbance spectrum of the purified soil DNA compared to the purified phage DNA.
- FIG. 6 shows an agarose gel electrophoresis pattern of purified soil DNA.
- FIG. 7 shows a scheme of ligation of a blunt-ended soil DNA and an adapter.
- FIG. 8 shows an agarose gel electrophoresis pattern of a DNA fragment purified from the gel after ligation of the adapter.
- FIG. 9 shows an agarose gel electrophoresis pattern of library # 17.
- FIG. 10A shows the transition of the titer of the phage solution in each round.
- FIG. 10B shows the change in the recovery rate with respect to the number of input phages in each round.
- Figure 11 shows the agarose gel electrophoresis pattern of each round of plaque PCR product.
- FIG. 12 shows an alignment between the amino acid sequence of P31 and a homology sequence in a conserved database.
- FIG. 13A shows an alignment with the amino acid sequence of a protein having the first homology with the amino acid sequence of P31.
- FIG. 13B shows the alignment with the amino acid sequence of the protein whose homology with the amino acid sequence of P31 is position 2.
- FIG. 13C shows the alignment with the amino acid sequence of a protein having homology to the amino acid sequence of P31 at position 3.
- FIG. 13D shows an alignment with the amino acid sequence of a protein having homology to the amino acid sequence of P31 at position 4.
- FIG. 14A shows binding of P31-displayed phage clones to ⁇ - and ⁇ -CD-Sepharose 6B beads compared to control wild-type phage T7SC1.
- FIG. 14B shows the binding of P31-displayed phage clones to j3- and ⁇ -CD-Sepharose 6B beads compared to control Sepharose 6B beads (S6B).
- FIG. 14C shows the inhibition of binding of P31-displayed phage clones and ⁇ -CD-Sepharose 6B beads by 1% starch. '
- FIG. 15 shows an alignment between the amino acid sequence of AE1 and the amino acid sequence of a protein having a homologous sequence.
- FIG. 16 shows the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of the gene encoding P31.
- FIG. 17 shows the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of the gene containing the insert DNA in AE1.
- Figure 18 shows the amino acid sequence of ⁇ -xylosidase and gnorecosidase of the EC 3.2.1 family and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the single gene fragment obtained in Example 7. Shows the alignment with the sequence.
- FIG. 19 shows an alignment of the amino acid sequence of E.C. 3.2.3.3, darcoamylase with the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by one gene fragment obtained in Example 7.
- FIG. 20 shows the base sequence of one kind of gene fragment obtained in Example 7 and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded thereby.
- FIG. 21 shows the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment of the species obtained in Example 7 and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded thereby.
- Figure 22 shows the correlation between the amino acid sequence of EC 4.2.1.16, dTDP glucose dehydratase and the protein encoded by the gene fragment obtained in Example 8. Indicate the intention.
- FIG. 23 shows the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment obtained in Example 8 and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded thereby.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show the absorbance waveforms obtained as a result of the measurement.
- FIG. 1A shows the absorbance waveform of a pure DNA preparation ( ⁇ phage) as a positive control.
- FIG. 1B shows the absorbance waveform of soil DNA.
- the ratio of 260 nm / 230 nm was 1.49 for pure DNA preparation (phage) and 0.95 for soil DNA.
- Sepharose CL4B (Amersham-Pharmacia) 3 ml: TE (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, ImM EDTA)
- Figure 2 shows the UV absorption waveform of the fraction.
- the solid line of A is a reference line
- the broken line of B is a pure DNA preparation (phage DNA).
- the ratio of 260 nm / 230 nm and 260 nm / 280 nm of Fr. # 4 was 1.83 and 1.57, respectively.
- the 260 nm / 230 nm and ⁇ 260 nm / 280nni ratios of Fr. # 8 were 2.0 and 1.1, respectively.
- gel filtration in the fractionation range was effective in separating most of the humic acid because of the high ⁇ 260 ⁇ / 230 ⁇ ratio.
- gel filtration in this fractionation range was effective in improving the degree of purification, it was found that proteins were mixed and insufficient due to the low 260 nm / 280 nm ratio.
- each lane is a sample treated with the following DNasel concentration (U / ml): Lane 1: 245 U / ml, Lane 2: 122 U / ml, Lane 3: 61 U / ml, lane 4: 30.6 U / ml, lane 5: 15.3 U / ml and lane 6: 0 U / ml. Lanes M and 7 are marked with a molecular weight marker (1 Kb ladder marker).
- the soil DNA obtained in 1-1 was treated with DNase I (15 U / ml) under the conditions shown in Table 4 and partially degraded to obtain a 2 Kbp DNA fragment.
- DNase I 15 U / ml
- a sample containing a 2 Kbp DNA fragment was subjected to FPLC using a gel filtration column Superose 6 (Amersham-Pharmacia).
- FPLC f was performed under the conditions shown in Table 5 below. Table 5
- TES (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, lmM EDTA, 0.2 M NaCl): 0.3 ml / min,
- Figure 4A shows the FPLC chart (280 nm absorbance of each fraction). Also, and Fr. # 6 ⁇
- the agarose gel electrophoresis pattern of # 11 is shown in FIG. 4B.
- FIG. 5 shows the absorbance spectrum pattern of the obtained DNA.
- Eluent 1 indicates purified DNA of the DNA pool
- E (cone.) And E (dil.) Indicate phage-DNA of a pure DNA preparation.
- FIG. 5 shows the electrophoresis pattern of the purified DNA (lane 4 ) of the DNA pool. As can be seen from Fig. 6, no decomposition occurred, and the major area was around 2 Kbp.
- the Hind adapter was prepared by annealing the following synthetic oligonucleotides HdAd5 and pHdAd3.
- HdAd5 5'-HO-AGCTTAGTGAGTGAGTCCT 3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1)
- pHdAd3 5'-pAGGACTCACTCACTA 3 '(SEQ ID NO: 2)
- an Eco adapter was prepared by annealing the following synthetic oligonucleotide pEcoRIL3 and EcoRIAd5.
- pEcoRIL3 5'-pGTCGACGCGGCCGCG 3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3)
- the annihilation of the ter was confirmed by 5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
- Example 2 The end of the soil DNA purified in Example 1 by ion exchange mouth chromatography was blunt-ended using a TAKARA Blunting Kit. Next, 2.5 g of soil DNA, 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ buffer and 4.01 of distilled water were added to a 0.5 ml tube. After incubating this solution at 75 ° C for 5 minutes, T4 DNA polymerase was added, and the mixture was gently stirred with a pipette. Furthermore, after incubating the solution at 37 ° C for 5 minutes, the enzyme was inactivated by vigorous stirring with a vortex mixer. After adding TE buffer 401 to the solution, the entire solution was transferred to a 1.5 ml tube.
- FIG. 7 shows the scheme of ligation of the blunt-ended soil DNA to the adapter.
- blunt-ended soil DNA 4.4 ⁇ 1, distilled water 11.6 ⁇ 1, and blunt-ended soil Eco and Hind adapters (2.0 ⁇ l each) were mixed at about 100 times the molar number of DNA.
- This DNA solution was subjected to extraction of phenol and phlegm form, and then to ethanol precipitation. Then, the precipitate was dissolved in TE buffer.
- lane M indicates a molecular weight marker
- lane IS11C indicates an adapter-ligated product IS11C containing a 0.5 to 1.3 Kbp fragment.
- Lane IS11B indicates an adapter-ligated product IS11B containing a fragment of 1.3 to 2. OKbp.
- the adapter-ligated product excised from the gel was extracted using QIAGEN's Mini Elute Gel Extraction Kit according to the manual.
- the adapter ligation product was inserted into the vector pUC9 Eco / Hind, and then E. coli (COMPETENT High DH5 (T0Y0B0)) Was transformed.
- E. coli COMPONENT High DH5 (T0Y0B0)
- insert DNA The adapter ligated product (hereinafter referred to as “insert DNA”) and the vector DNA (T7 SELECT 10-3b) were mixed as shown in Table 6 below to obtain a preferred insert / vector ratio.
- Table 6 Library # 17 (insert / vector );
- Vector DNA solution 50 ⁇ 1 (0.5 ⁇ g: 21.5 fmol)
- glycogen 2 / z1 and lZlO volume of 3M NaOAc were added to the mixture. Furthermore, 2.5 times the amount of cold ethanol was added, and the mixture was left under ice cooling to precipitate DNA. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation at 15,000 rpm for 10 minutes, washed with 75% ethanol, and the remaining ethanol was removed under reduced pressure.
- insert DNA (adapter ligated product) IS11B insert DNA (adapter ligated product) IS11B and vector DNA were coprecipitated.
- the titer of the library # 16 is 9. 1 X 10 7 pfu / ml , also, the titer of the library one # 17 2. 37 X 10 It was 8 pfu / ml.
- Plaque PCR was performed to determine the insertion frequency of libraries # 16 and # 17.
- the phage solutions of libraries # 16 and # 17 are seeded on a plate, the plaque formed on each plate is pierced with a toothpick, and the reaction mixture for PCR (primer; 0.1 lpmol, Ex Taq enzyme) ; 0.0313) was suspended in 15-20 ⁇ l.
- Novagen # 7 up and T7 down were used.
- the PCR reaction was performed using a thermal cycler, 1) 1 cycle; 96 ° C / 3 minutes, 2) 33 cycles; 94 ° C / 30 seconds, 50 ° C / 30 seconds, 72 ° C / 2 minutes, and 3) One cycle; 72 ° C / 10 min.
- FIG. 9 shows the results of agarose gel electrophoresis of library # 17.
- the number of each lane indicates the PCR sample number, and lane M indicates a molecular weight marker.
- the interview frequency was about 15%.
- the insertion frequency was about 50%.
- Library-1 # 16 (300 ⁇ 1) and Library-1 # 17 (150 ⁇ 1) were infected with 5 ml and 10 ml of the host E. coli BLT5615, respectively, and then lysed.Lysate library # 16P1 and library # 17P1 was prepared.
- the titers of lysate library # 16P1 and library # 17P1 were both about 5 X 10 ⁇ pfu / ml.
- the frequency of insertion decreased slightly due to the amplification treatment. In library # 16P1, the insertion frequency was about 10%. In library # 17P1, the insertion frequency was about 33%.
- translated BLASTx converts an amino acid sequence generated by translating a query base sequence in six frames and an amino acid sequence translated from each base sequence registered in the target database in the same manner in six frames. It is a program that performs homology search at the amino acid sequence level by checking. As a result, as shown in Table 7, in about half of the clones, homology between the amino acid sequence encoded by the insert DNA and the amino acid sequence of the functional protein was found. On the other hand, even when 0RF was found in the insert DNA, homology was not found, and there were many insert DNAs encoding proteins of unknown function.
- Epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B (Lot. 288904) from Amersham Biosciences was used as affinity beads ⁇ carrier. Also, ⁇ -cyclodextrin
- ⁇ -CD and / 3-CD specifically bind to cyclodextrin glucanotransferase. Therefore, the binding ability of affinity beads was evaluated using a crude purified contizyme (Cyclodextrin Lucanotransferase (CGTase)) (Lot. CGTRZ095184 2L) obtained from Amano Enzyme. It was confirmed that CGTase could specifically bind to 200 mg of CGTase.
- CGTase Cyclodextrin Lucanotransferase
- Library # 16P1 and library # 17P1 were used at a titer of 7.6 ⁇ 10 1 G pfu / ml and 5.3 ⁇ 10 10 pfu / ml, respectively.
- the ⁇ -CD-Sepharose 6B beads prepared in Example 3 were used as affinity beads for screening, and the Sepharose 6B beads were used as a control.
- a 1.5 ml siliconized tube 2150Z manufactured by Assistist was used as the container. Cleaning for screening Wash buffer 1 (25 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.0 / 0.1 M NaCl / 0.1% Tween20), Wash buffer 2 (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7. ⁇ / ⁇ .2M NaCl / 0.2% Tween 20) and Wash Buffer 3 (50 mM Tris-HC1 pH 9.5 / 0.2 M NaCl). For elution from the beads, an elution buffer (25 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.0 / 0.1 M NaCl) containing lOmM y -CD was used.
- Wash buffer 1 25 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.0 / 0.1 M NaCl / 0.1% Tween20
- Wash buffer 2 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7. ⁇ / ⁇ .2M NaCl / 0.2% Tween 20
- Wash Buffer 3 50 mM Tris
- Novagen BLT5615 cells were used as host cells for T7 phage amplification.
- TCGTATTCCAGTCAGGTGTG (SEQ ID NO: 5) was designed as a primer for sequencing analysis, and was commissioned to Vex Corporation.
- Other reagents used were special grade products such as Wako Pure Chemical and SIGMA.
- Each kind of buffer was prepared by a standard method and sterilized by an autoclave as needed.
- the operation of amplifying the eluate was performed as follows.
- the eluate (100 i 1) was added to IPTG-induced BLT5615 Hozuki 500 1.
- the cells were cultured at 37 ° C for exactly 5 minutes.
- 4,000 rpn to remove ⁇ -CD! By centrifugation for 2 minutes, the cells to which the phage had adhered were precipitated, and unnecessary supernatant was removed.
- 500 l of LB / Amp / IPTG medium was added to the precipitated cells, and the cells were cultivated at 37 ° C. until lysis occurred.
- the general method was as follows. First, 250 ⁇ l of BLT5615 cells, 100 ⁇ l of diluted ⁇ 7 phage solution, 24 ⁇ l of 0.5 ⁇ IPTG solution and 3 ml of top agar heated to 50 ° C were mixed in a tube. Immediately after mixing, the mixture was overlaid on a 9 cm plate containing an LB / Amp medium before the mixture was cooled. After the overlaid agar was solidified, incubation was performed at 37 ° C for 2 hours to generate phage plaques. The phage titer was also calculated from the number of plaques generated and the dilution ratio.
- the titer of the phage solution was about 1-2 ⁇ 10 10 Pfu / ml.
- the changes in the titer of the phage solution and the change in the recovery rate relative to the number of input phages in each round are shown in Table 8 and FIGS. Table 8 Rounds Eluted phage (Pfu) recovery (%)
- PCR reaction was performed using a thermal cycler 1) 1 cycle; 96 ° C / 3 minutes, 2) 33 cycles; 94 ° C / 30 seconds, 50 ° C / 30 seconds, 72 ° C / 2 minutes, and 3 cycles 1) One cycle; 72 ° C / 10 min.
- each lane is a black PCR product of the phage solution obtained in each round.
- the protein of the Snfl protein kinase complex and P31 were identical in 24 amino acids out of 73 amino acids and had 33% homology. When similar amino acids were included, 37 amino acids were identical and had 50% homology. From the above, the homology with the conserved sequence strongly suggested that P31 is a part of the protein having a sugar recognition function.
- the alignment of the top 4 candidates with p31 is shown in Fig. 13A ⁇ ! )Pointing out toungue.
- the E (Expect) value is a numerical value between 0 and 1 and is a parameter indicating the probability of coincidence. The closer the E value is to 0, the higher the reliability. Generally, when the E value is hit at about 10-1Q , it is considered that the protein has a similar function with a considerably high probability. Homology with P31 shown in FIG.
- 1 3A is one of Tanno click protein hypothetical protein - E value (Tenoremotoga maritima (Thermotoga maritima)) was 4 X 10- 11. Therefore, it is suggested that the protein containing P31 is likely to be a protein having the same function as hypothetical protein.
- GLP_546_85055_84318 (Giardia Iambia) with homology to P31 shown in 3B ATCC 50803 contains an AMP kinase motif associated with isoamylase (http://kr.expasy.org/ cgi—bin / niceprot. See pl? Q7R2K2).
- Ami-mouth pullulanase (Geo) at homology positions 3 and 4 shown in Figs.
- Nosylas stearothermophilus (Geobacil lus stearothermophi lus) and punolan hydrolase type III (Thermococcus aggr egans) are 1,4- ⁇ -glucan branching enzymes, amycotic pullulanases Met.
- the above results suggested that the protein containing P31 may be a protein having a sugar recognition function.
- the obtained phage clone displaying P31 was purified and the ⁇ -CD binding profile was examined.
- WIT buffer 25 mM Tris-HCl ⁇ 7.0, 0.1 0 NaCl and 0.1 lTeen 20
- WIT buffer 20 ⁇ l of ⁇ -CD-Sepharose 6B beads were mixed and shaken at room temperature for 1 hour. Next, the mixture was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 2 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. Further, W1T buffer 5001 was added to the ⁇ -CD-Sepharose 6B beads, and the mixture was shaken with a mixer for 5 minutes.
- the mixture was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 2 minutes to wash. Such a washing operation was performed five times in total. The last washing operation was performed using a W1 buffer (25 mM Tris-HCl ⁇ 7.0, 0.1 ⁇ NaCl) containing no Tween.
- the phage concentration present in the supernatant was then calculated in plaque assay. Further, a binding test between a P31-displaying phage clone and ⁇ -CD-Sepharose 6B beads in the presence of 1% starch was performed.
- the starch was prepared by dissolving a 10% suspension of solubilized starch (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) at 60 ° C and adding 1/10 volume. In the same manner, the / 3-CD binding profile of the P31-displayed phage clone was examined.
- Wild-type phage T7SC1 was used as a control for P31-displayed phage clones. Further, Sepharose 6B beads (S6B) were used as a control for ⁇ -CD-Sepharose 6B beads and / 3-CD-Sepharose 6B beads.
- Table 9 shows the binding of P31-displayed phage clones to] 3-CD-Sepharose 6B beads.
- Table 10 shows P31 Figure 4 shows binding of phage clones to ⁇ -CD-Sepharose 6B beads.
- FIG. 14A shows the binding of P31-displayed phage clones to j3- and ⁇ -CD-Sepharose 6B beads compared to the control wild-type phage T7SC1.
- FIG. 14B shows the binding of P31-displayed phage clones to i3- and ⁇ -CD-Sepharose 6B beads compared to control Sepharose 6B beads (S6B).
- FIG. 14C shows the inhibition of binding of P31-displaying phage clones to-and CD-Sepharose 6B beads by 1% starch.
- Table 9 shows the binding of P31-displayed phage clones to] 3-CD-Sepharose 6B beads.
- Table 10 shows P31
- the P31-displayed phage clone bound about 1700-fold to i3-CD-Sepharose 6B beads and about 450-fold to ⁇ -CD-Sepharose 6B beads as compared to the control wild-type phage.
- the phage clones displaying P31 showed 3-CD-Sepharose 6B beads and y-CD-Sepharose 6B beads, respectively. They bound 10-fold and 35-fold.
- the phage solution after three rounds of panning obtained in Example 4 above was plated, and the nucleotide sequence of the randomly selected single plaque insulin DNA was examined, and a sequence highly homologous to aldose-1-epimerase was identified. (FIG. 17, SEQ ID NOS: 8 and 9). This clone was designated as AE1. .
- FIG. 15 shows the results.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein (SEQ ID NO: 9) encoded by the gene containing the insert DNA in AE1 (SEQ ID NO: 8) has the amino acid sequence names QUB70, Putative aldose- 1-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.3) [ YIHR] ( Shigella. off Into shin Li (Shigella flexneri)) and had homology with a very low E-value (1 x 10- 32).
- the gene containing the insert DNA in AE1 may be a novel aldose-1-epimerase gene.
- aldose-1-epimerase is an enzyme that converts sp-D-glucose into jS-D-glucose. Therefore, AE1 was considered to recognize and bind to Dulcos, a constituent unit of CD and amylose.
- Amylose 4.50E + 07 1.01E + 06 As shown in Table 1.1, AE1 bound 67 times to the amylose resin as compared to the wild-type phage T7SC1. From the above, it was suggested that the gene product containing the insert DNA in AE1 recognized and bound glucose, which is a constituent unit of cyclodextrin pamylose, in agreement with the result of the sequence homology described above.
- Escherichia coli BLT5615 (1.5 ml) induced with ImM IPTG was infected with 15 ⁇ l of the library # 17-1 and cultured with shaking for 1 hour to obtain a lysate. The obtained lysate was centrifuged at 10,000 ⁇ g for 10 minutes. After centrifugation, the resulting supernatant was designated as library # 17-2.
- the recovered 1 was infected to E. coli BLT5615 (1 ml) induced with lmM IPTG, and the lysate was treated in the same manner as described above, and the second cycle was performed. After 4 washes, adding 500 mu 1 of W2T g R, and Kaka ⁇ was collected fractions obtained at 5 minutes (about 5xl0 5 pfu).
- the collected fractions were appropriately diluted, plaque assembled in the same manner as in Example 4, and plaque PCR was performed.
- 1 shows the alignment of the protein encoded by the gene fragment (SEQ ID NO: 10 ⁇ -darcosidase homologous clone) with the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 11) of the protein encoded by the homologous clone.
- SEQ ID NO: 10 ⁇ -darcosidase homologous clone the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the homologous clone.
- the Query sequence is the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the obtained gene fragment
- the Sbjct sequence is the amino acid sequence of / 3-xylosidase and dalcosidase of the EC3.2.1 family.
- FIG. 20 shows the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment (SEQ ID NO: 10) and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded thereby (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- 1 shows the alignment with the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by No. 12 (base sequence of dalcoamylase homologous clone) (SEQ ID NO: 13: amino acid sequence of dalcoamylase homologous clone).
- the Query sequence is the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the obtained gene fragment
- the Sbjct sequence is E. 3.2.1.3, the amino acid sequence of dalcoamylase.
- FIG. 21 shows the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment (SEQ ID NO: 12) and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded thereby (SEQ ID NO: 13).
- Amicon microcon YM-100 (cut off) was used to remove small molecules that could compete with the ligand used for panning from library # 17P2 (400/1) obtained in Example 7.
- plaque assay was performed in the same manner as in Example 4, and plaque PCR was performed.
- the nucleotide sequence of the insert obtained by plaque PCR was examined for 7 clones.
- EC 4.2.1.16 dTDP glucose dehydratase (TrEMBL access ion # Q5V3C6, Haloarcula) was identified as a highly homologous sugar-related enzyme.
- the Query sequence is the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the obtained gene fragment
- the Sb jet sequence is the amino acid sequence of EC 4.2.1.16 dTDP glucose dehydratase. is there.
- ' indicates the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment (SEQ ID NO: 14) and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded thereby (SEQ ID NO: 15).
- SEQ ID NOs: 1-4 are synthetic oligonucleotides.
- SEQ ID NO: 5 is a primer.
- SEQ ID NO: 6 is the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding P31.
- SEQ ID NO: 7 is the amino acid sequence of P31.
- SEQ ID NO: 8 is the nucleotide sequence of a gene containing the insert DNA in AE1.
- SEQ ID NO: 9 is the amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by a gene containing the insert DNA in AE1.
- n represents a, g, c or t (location: 25 and 84).
- SEQ ID NO: 10 is the nucleotide sequence of a / 3-dalcosidase homologous clone.
- SEQ ID NO: 11 is the amino acid sequence of a / 3_darcosidase homologous clone.
- SEQ ID NO: 12 is the nucleotide sequence of a 'Dalcoamylase homologous clone.
- SEQ ID NO: 13 is the amino acid sequence of a Dalcoamylase homologous clone.
- SEQ ID NO: 14 is the nucleotide sequence of a glucose dehydratase homologous clone.
- 'SEQ ID NO: 15 is the amino acid sequence of a Darcosis dehydratase homologous clone.
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/628,730 US20070184472A1 (en) | 2005-06-08 | 2005-06-08 | Method of purifying environmental dna and method of efficiently screening for protein-encoding gene from environmental dna |
EP05751375A EP1767621A4 (en) | 2004-06-08 | 2005-06-08 | METHOD FOR PURIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL DNA AND METHOD FOR EFFECTIVELY DETECTING GENE ENCODING PROTEIN BELONGING TO ENVIRONMENTAL DNA |
JP2006514614A JPWO2005121336A1 (ja) | 2004-06-08 | 2005-06-08 | 環境dnaの精製方法及び環境dnaからのタンパク質をコードする遺伝子の効率的なスクリーニング方法 |
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JP2004170161 | 2004-06-08 | ||
JP2004-170161 | 2004-06-08 |
Publications (1)
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WO2005121336A1 true WO2005121336A1 (ja) | 2005-12-22 |
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PCT/JP2005/010907 WO2005121336A1 (ja) | 2004-06-08 | 2005-06-08 | 環境dnaの精製方法及び環境dnaからのタンパク質をコードする遺伝子の効率的なスクリーニング方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1767621A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005121336A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005121336A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2019504640A (ja) * | 2015-12-28 | 2019-02-21 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | 単一洗浄溶出バッファー溶液を使用する核酸精製システム |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2499246B1 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2015-03-04 | Universiti Putra Malaysia | Method for isolating dna |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1999019518A1 (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 1999-04-22 | Diversa, Inc. | Screening for novel compounds which regulate biological interactions |
WO2001040497A2 (fr) * | 1999-11-29 | 2001-06-07 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Procede d'obtention d'acides nucleiques a partir d'un echantillon de l'environnement |
Family Cites Families (7)
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US20030215798A1 (en) * | 1997-06-16 | 2003-11-20 | Diversa Corporation | High throughput fluorescence-based screening for novel enzymes |
JP4532784B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2010-08-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | 静電荷像現像トナー、該トナーの製造方法及び該トナーを用いた画像形成方法および画像形成装置 |
JP3990880B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-10 | 2007-10-17 | キヤノン株式会社 | ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート被覆リポソームの製造方法 |
JP4017369B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2007-12-05 | 株式会社ヤクルト本社 | 核酸抽出装置 |
JP2003310274A (ja) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-05 | Amano Enzyme Inc | グルコース脱水素酵素およびそれをコードする遺伝子 |
EP1386966A1 (en) * | 2002-07-24 | 2004-02-04 | Libragen | Method for the expression of unknown environmental DNA into adapted host cells |
AU2003270814A1 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-04-08 | Embiosis Pharmaceuticals | Method of extracting nucleic acids from microbial samples |
-
2005
- 2005-06-08 WO PCT/JP2005/010907 patent/WO2005121336A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-06-08 JP JP2006514614A patent/JPWO2005121336A1/ja active Pending
- 2005-06-08 EP EP05751375A patent/EP1767621A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999019518A1 (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 1999-04-22 | Diversa, Inc. | Screening for novel compounds which regulate biological interactions |
WO2001040497A2 (fr) * | 1999-11-29 | 2001-06-07 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Procede d'obtention d'acides nucleiques a partir d'un echantillon de l'environnement |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
HAN Z. ET AL: "Discovery of a Stable Dimeric Mutant of Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) from a T7 Phage-Displayed CV-N Mutant Library", BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 292, no. 4, 2002, pages 1036 - 1043, XP002991789 * |
See also references of EP1767621A4 * |
YONEZAWA M. ET AL: "DNA Display of Biologically Active Proteins for In Vitro Protein Selection", J. BIOCHEM., vol. 135, no. 3, 2004, pages 285 - 288, XP002991790 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2019504640A (ja) * | 2015-12-28 | 2019-02-21 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | 単一洗浄溶出バッファー溶液を使用する核酸精製システム |
JP7068183B2 (ja) | 2015-12-28 | 2022-05-16 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | 単一洗浄溶出バッファー溶液を使用する核酸精製システム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2005121336A1 (ja) | 2008-04-10 |
EP1767621A4 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
EP1767621A1 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
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