WO2005118147A2 - Stofflöser, reaktor für hydrolyse und/oder nassrotte und abfallaufbereitungsanlage mit einem derartigen stofflöser und reaktor - Google Patents
Stofflöser, reaktor für hydrolyse und/oder nassrotte und abfallaufbereitungsanlage mit einem derartigen stofflöser und reaktor Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005118147A2 WO2005118147A2 PCT/EP2005/005993 EP2005005993W WO2005118147A2 WO 2005118147 A2 WO2005118147 A2 WO 2005118147A2 EP 2005005993 W EP2005005993 W EP 2005005993W WO 2005118147 A2 WO2005118147 A2 WO 2005118147A2
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- reactor
- pulper
- waste
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- mixture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/18—Flow directing inserts
- C12M27/24—Draft tube
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/04—Phase separators; Separation of non fermentable material; Fractionation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/06—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by chemical means or hydrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for treating waste with organic constituents according to the preamble of patent claim 1, a material solver for dissolving ' organic constituents of waste in a dilution liquid according to the preamble of patent claim 5 and 19 respectively, a reactor for carrying out hydrolysis and / or Wet rotting according to the preamble of patent claims 28 and 36 as well as a waste treatment plant containing such material dissolvers and / or reactors.
- MTT mechanical biological treatment
- the biogenic mass is broken down microbially, and a distinction can be made between aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms.
- the aerobic conversion ultimately leads to the end products carbon dioxide and water and is called rotting.
- the anaerobic conversion is typical for fermentation, the end products being methane, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.
- Waste fraction are washed out in a percolator and the residue is burned or deposited after drying, for example.
- the percolation can take place, for example, in a box percolation plant according to WO 97/27158 AI.
- a boiling-point heating system according to DE 101 42 906 AI in which percolation is carried out in the boiling range of the process water, have also shown promise.
- the organically highly contaminated outlet water drawn off from the percolator is fed to a biogas plant for anaerobic degradation, the organic fraction being converted by means of methane bacteria and being able to be burned to generate energy.
- the above-described aerobic treatment of waste materials in a percolator has proven to be extremely competitive with the anaerobic processes and is becoming increasingly important.
- EP 0 192 900 B1 describes the so-called Valorga process - in which the fermentation takes place in a fermenter which is fed from below.
- the waste to be processed is carried in the form of a plug to a discharge which is arranged below the radially outer inlet opening.
- the waste is conveyed by injecting compressed biogas through gas nozzles arranged in several sectors of the fermenter, each sector being individually controllable in order to maintain the plug flow of the waste between the inlet opening and the discharge opening.
- EP 0 476 217 A1 discloses a heatable fermenter in which fresh material and digested material are fed to the fermenter as bacterial inoculum and the resulting digested material is transported to a digested material discharge via a stirrer. Such addition of inoculum can also be provided in the Valorga method described at the outset according to EP 0 192 900 B1.
- EP 0 794 247 A1 discloses a fermenter in which the digestate is introduced into a rotating drum in which a spiral is arranged.
- the digestate is guided in a plug-shaped manner from the inlet to the digestate discharge via this spiral. This promotion can be done by rotating the drum back and forth, with the forward rotation, i. H. the transport of the digestate in the direction of the digestate discharge takes longer than in the opposite direction, so that a predetermined dwell time of the digestate is achieved.
- dry waste is treated which has a comparatively high dry matter content (TS) of more than 25%.
- pulper In the treatment of flowable, moist wastes, for example according to DE 197 04 065 AI, so-called pulper is used, in which the waste is diluted with a dilution liquid and torn apart by means of a mixer. and crushed so that a suspension is formed and organic components in solution go into the dilution liquid.
- the mixing takes place by means of a stirrer, the blades of which are designed in such a way that a vertical flow is formed in sections in the pulper.
- the disadvantage of this solution is that, on the one hand, a requires significant technical effort device for forming the complex geometry of the stirrer blades, and secondly, these blades are subjected to considerable wear due to the floating and 'impurities contained in the suspension.
- DE 196 24 268 AI discloses a fermentation process for waste in flowable form.
- a multi-chamber reactor is used, and the fermentation material can be transported from an inlet opening through the chambers to a discharge opening via an agitator.
- a common gas space is assigned to the multi-chamber reactor, from which the biogas generated during the fermentation process is drawn off.
- the metabolism in the individual chambers can be individually controlled by different process control, for example via heat exchangers, adding inoculum, etc.
- the solutions with mechanical conveying means are relative in particular subject to severe wear and tear because the conveying means and other internals used can be damaged by the sediments with the contaminants / heavy substances.
- the invention has for its object to provide a uniform method for treating waste with organic components. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide material dissolvers and reactors for use in such a method, and to provide a waste treatment plant accordingly. This object is achieved by a method having the features according to claim 1, a pulper by the features of claims 5 and 19, a reactor having the features of claims 28 and 36 and by a waste treatment plant having the features of claim 41.
- a preferred method according to the invention comprises mechanical processing of the waste, a solution of organic constituents in a pulper, hydrolysis of the biologically contaminated suspension withdrawn from the pulper in a reactor and fermentation in a fermentation stage, the one obtained in the hydrolysis or fermenter Process water is circulated as circulating water.
- the pulp solver and / or reactor to be used in the plant is selected as a function of the grain size of the mechanically processed waste mixture. This has the advantage that the process is identical for different waste mixtures and only the system components pulp solver and reactor have to be selected depending on the grain size of the waste.
- a preferred "limit grain size" is about 80 mm.
- 'a wet fermentation or wet oxidation is provided in addition to hydrolysis, which is carried out in a reactor corresponding to the hydrolysis reactor.
- suitable separation steps can be provided for separating out impurities, heavy substances, fiber materials etc.
- the organic constituents are dissolved at a maximum grain size of approximately 80 mm in a pulper which, instead of a known mechanical agitator, has a quasi-pneumatic agitator in which gas, preferably air, mixes through the suspension in the pulper and the organic fractions pass into the dilution water as a solution, through which a suspension flow in the pulper is produced.
- gas preferably air
- gas injection nozzles are part of a gas flow pump, by means of which the suspension can be pumped around periodically or continuously within the pulp dissolving tank.
- the gas can also be pressed into the bottom of the substance dissolving container so that the impurities / heavy substances accumulating there are mixed with the gas.
- This gas flow pump preferably has an inner pipe, on the lower end section of which a nozzle plate with gas injection nozzles around or through which the suspension can flow is arranged and the upper end section of which is an outlet opening for the suspension transported in the inner pipe.
- Embodiment is arranged at a distance from the outlet opening, a baffle against which the
- Gas flow pump promoted mixture of substances with high Speed bounces and is unlocked.
- the organic components go into the water phase. Inert particles and sand sink downwards and can be removed. Fibers and solids contained in the suspension rub against each other during this conveyance towards the baffle plate and are additionally freed from persistent organic components.
- the baffle plate delimits sections of a gas extraction space via which the gas which is conducted in the circuit is drawn off.
- the inner tube is of double-walled design, the gas injection nozzles then being arranged either in the inner cylinder space or in the annular space and the other space serving to accommodate a heating medium, so that the inner tube simultaneously acts as a heat exchanger via which the suspension is applied a process temperature is maintained.
- the mixing can be further improved if baffles on the outer circumference of the inner tube
- a material dissolver according to the invention for dissolving organic constituents of waste with a minimum grain size of approximately 80 mm in a dilution liquid sees at least one mechanical stirrer according to the invention before, the respective adjacent stirring elements have opposite conveying directions. This has the advantage that the mixture in the pulper between the stirring elements is conveyed towards and away from each other, so that an improved abrasion and thus an improved solution of the organic matter can be achieved.
- the stirring elements are preferably rotor blades arranged on a rotor, the blade pitch angles of which are offset from one another in each case by approximately 180 °.
- the number of rotor blades can be selected as desired, but an even number, for example 6 rotor blades, is preferred.
- the rotor blades can be evenly distributed on the rotor from an entry gate for waste to an exit opening for separated impurities / heavy materials.
- the pulper has several parallel rotors, the rotor blades of the individual rotors each forming an overlap area.
- a gas injection for whirling up the interfering / heavy substances can be arranged in the area of the discharge opening. It is possible that the injected gas is circulated so that the required amount of gas is reduced.
- the material dissolver can have a rectangular shape in longitudinal section, its length L1 corresponding to at least four times the height hl.
- a reactor with a mechanical mixer for mixing the mixture of materials and with a guide tube which surrounds the mixer is used.
- the mixer is controlled in such a way that the mixture of substances can be sucked in from the reactor head side to the reactor bottom side through the guide tube, an ascending loop-shaped flow being formed outside the guide tube.
- Diameter can be arranged in a reactor.
- the oxygen required for the hydrolysis or wet rotting can take place via an oxygen injection near the ground and / or in the area of the mixing plant.
- a 02 ⁇ probe can be provided which detects the 02 ⁇ content, so that depending on these signals the axial extension, the axial position of the guide tube and / or a substance mixture level can be adjusted so that an optimal, ie almost 100%, oxygen utilization takes place.
- Exemplary geometrical relationships include:
- the guide tube height Hl corresponds to 8 to 10 times the guide tube diameter dl
- the effective diameter d2, ie the inside diameter of the reactor corresponds to 4 to 6 times the guide tube diameter dl
- the ground clearance H2 from the reactor base to the guide tube corresponds to 1 to 2 times the guide tube diameter dl
- the distance between the compound level and the guide tube corresponds to 2 to 3 times the guide tube diameter dl
- the variable height adjustment H4 between the compound level and the guide tube is 0.5 to 2 times the guide tube diameter dl
- the upstream velocity vl of the circulating flow is between 0.1 m / s and 0.8 m / s
- the guide tube diameter dl is between 0.5 m and 1.5 m depending on the composition of the mixture and the dry matter content.
- Overheating of the mixture of substances can be effectively prevented by a cooling medium flowing around the guide tube.
- hydrolyses or wet rotting can be arranged in a row.
- a reactor according to the invention for processing a suspension loaded with organic matter, which is obtained from a waste mixture with a minimum grain size of approximately 80 mm, has a blowing device for gas, preferably oxygen, as a mixing device for mixing the substance mixture.
- the gas injection is preferably carried out via a large number of gas injection nozzles near the bottom of the reactor and can be regulated using a gas measuring probe.
- the gas can preferably be circulated via a pump.
- exhaust gases produced in the reactor can also be pressed into the mixture of substances near the bottom of the engine via a fan.
- a waste treatment plant designed with the pulper preferably has a solids treatment for separating and washing the contaminants / sediments drawn off from the pulper.
- the waste treatment plant can also have a separation stage for separating fibrous materials or the like from the digested suspension removed from the pulper.
- This separation stage preferably has a washing system and a dewatering press, by means of which the separated fiber / floating materials can be cleaned and used for further use.
- the waste treatment plant can be sand washed to
- washing of fine sand can be carried out after the
- Suspension (dilution water) is included.
- the dilution water containing the organic constituents is preferably fed to a fermenter in that these organic constituents are converted to biogas and / or are fed to a wet rot or wet oxidation as mixed water.
- the dilution water, which has been freed from the organic constituents, is then returned to the pulper, with excess water being able to be fed to a wastewater treatment plant.
- the solids content fed to the pulper is preferably minimized by an upstream solids treatment.
- the processing time can be reduced by the preparation plant according to the invention from the usual approximately 61 days to approximately 29 days if the digested suspension of the pulp solvent undergoes hydrolysis at least as a partial stream and is subsequently freed from fibers and solids, the solids pass through the wet rotting or wet oxidation at least as a partial stream to obtain an oxidized mixture of substances.
- the suspension of the pulper is aerobically acidified and the organic material which has not yet been digested is also digested, so that additional material can be fed to the fermenter.
- the compacting is preferably carried out under low pressure and with the addition of a binder which acts as an adhesive until it burns up in the gasification and combustion system.
- the binder can be generated during the waste processing itself, for example separated plastics, or can be supplied.
- the shaped pieces must remain "stable to gasification" in the glowing state, ie the shape is retained until ashing.
- the suspension processed in the hydrolysis is fed directly to the fermenter. Since the freed wastewater obtained during fermentation can still have a high solids content, this should not be mixed with the dilution water or circulating water. However, an admixture can be achieved in that the solids are essentially separated from the wastewater in a separation system, so that the wastewater is free of solids. The dewatered solids can then be subjected to wet rotting, a partial flow of the solids-free wastewater being able to be mixed with the solids again to form a suspension for optimum adjustment of the solids content.
- the solids get from the hydrolysis into the wet rot or wet oxidation.
- the non-anaerobically degradable organic matter is breathed in and the nitrogen is expelled as ammonia.
- the mixture of substances oxidized after the wet oxidation can be fed to a separation plant with a solid separator, a solid sieve and washing plant and a dewatering press. It is possible to use the wastewater accumulating in the solids separator as dilution water for the solubilizer and / or to supply it to the wastewater treatment plant.
- the raw compost produced in the dewatering press can be disposed of immediately.
- Mixing water which arises when the circulating water is mixed with the waste water from the fermenter, is preferably added to the substance mixture in the wet rotting process.
- the oxidized mixture of substances resulting from wet rotting can pass through a separation system for the production of raw compost and waste water.
- the wastewater can be mixed with the dilution water and / or fed into the wastewater treatment plant.
- the raw compost can be reddened for drying and / or disposed of immediately.
- waste gases generated during hydrolysis and wet rotting can be • fed to an air washer to remove ammonia
- the treatment plant has, in particular for mechanically processed waste mixtures with a maximum grain size of approximately 80 mm, the pulper according to the invention with pneumatic stirrer and for hydrolysis and / or for wet oxidation the reactor according to the invention with mechanical stirrer.
- the pulper according to the invention with mechanical agitator is preferably used, and for hydrolysis and / or for wet oxidation, the reactor according to the invention with pneumatic agitator.
- the latter can also be used for the smaller body sizes.
- the “limit grain size” can vary depending on the waste to be treated, the 80 mm mentioned are to be seen as examples.
- Hygiene of the mixture of substances takes place in the reactor.
- An air washer in which the ammonia can be washed out can be provided to remove ammonia from the waste gases formed during hydrolysis and wet oxidation.
- FIG. 1 shows a basic illustration of a material solver according to the invention for waste mixtures with an approximate particle size of less than 80 mm;
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section of the pulper from FIG. 1;
- FIGS. 5 to 7 basic representations of different operating states of the pulper from FIG. 1;
- FIG. 8 shows a variant of the pulper according to Figure 1;
- FIG. 9 shows a waste treatment plant with a pulper according to FIG. 1,
- FIG. 9a shows an alternative operating case from FIG. 9 in a simplified and enlarged representation (cf. also FIG. 19),
- FIG. 9b shows a further alternative operating case from FIG. 9 in a simplified and enlarged illustration (cf. also FIG. 19),
- FIG. 10 shows a detailed illustration of a hydrolysis and wet rotting from FIG. 9,
- FIG. 11 two fabric dissolvers according to the invention from FIG. 1 connected in series
- FIG. 12 shows a longitudinal section through an alternative material solver according to the invention for waste mixtures with an approximate grain size greater than 80 mm
- 13 a to 13 d are exemplary cross sections through the pulper according to FIG. 12,
- FIG. 14 shows a series connection of the pulper from FIG. 12
- FIG. 15 shows a longitudinal section through a preferred exemplary embodiment of a reactor for hydrolysis or wet rotting for waste mixtures with an approximate particle size of less than 80 mm,
- FIG. 16 shows a cross section through a further preferred exemplary embodiment of a reactor for hydrolysis or wet rotting
- FIG. 17 shows a series connection of several reactors during the hydrolysis
- Figure 18 shows a series connection of several reactors in the wet rotting process
- FIG. 19 shows a simplified process diagram of the waste treatment plant according to the invention.
- FIG. 20 shows a hydrolysis reactor for waste mixtures with an approximate grain size greater than 80 mm
- FIG. 21 shows an alternative wet rot reactor for waste mixtures with an approximate grain size greater than 80 mm
- FIG. 22 shows a detailed separation plant from FIG. 19
- FIG. 23 shows a detailed separation plant from FIG. 19 and
- FIG. 24 shows a detailed process diagram of the compacting from FIG. 19.
- a pulper 1 shows the basic structure of a pulper 1, in which organic constituents of an input material 2, preferably waste, are dissolved in a dilution liquid, for example dilution water 4, so that a mixture 8 is present in the pulper 1, which has a dry matter content of about 5 to 10 % having.
- the waste mixture fed to the pulper 1 preferably has a maximum grain size of approximately 80 mm.
- the waste 2 and the dilution water 4 are each fed to a pulp dissolving container 6 via inlet locks 10.
- a bottom 12 of the Sto flinate mattersers is conical and opens into a discharge opening 14 with an outlet lock 16 through which settling on the conical bottom 12 contaminants / heavy substances 18 can be withdrawn.
- a gas flow pump 24 is arranged in the interior of the pulp dissolving container 6, via which - as will be described in more detail below - the mixture 8 is mixed within the pulp dissolving container.
- the gas flow pump 24 has an inner tube 26 which is arranged coaxially with the material dissolving container 6 and has a nozzle plate 27 with a plurality of gas injection nozzles 28 at its inlet opening, which is at the bottom in FIG. 1, through a gas, preferably air, into the Inner tube can be pressed.
- the suspension plate 8 can flow around the nozzle plate 27.
- the gas injection nozzles 28 are connected via a compressed air line 30 and a control valve 32 which can be controlled by the system controller to a medium pressure accumulator or air boiler 34 which is charged to a pressure of, for example, 3 to 8 bar via a compressed air compressor 36.
- This sucks in transport air 40 from a gas extraction space 42 at the head 22 of the material dissolving container 6 via a suction line 38 - that is, this transport air 40 is also circulated and by the corresponding actuation of the control valve 32 pressed into the inner tube 26 from the air chamber 34 via the compressed air line 30 and the gas injection nozzles 28.
- the wind boiler 34 can be operated with the control valve, i.e. the pulsation, bypassed.
- a bypass line 154 is opened, which opens downstream of the control valve 36 into the compressed air line 30.
- the mixture 8 can be circulated with the blower pressure, which corresponds to 1.5 times the manometric height.
- a switching and / or metering device 66 can be provided in the compressed air line 30, from which a press-in line 156 extends into the discharge opening 14 of the pulper 1.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically the cross section of the material dissolving container 6 with the concentrically arranged gas flow pump 24, in which the inner tube 26 is provided with a double jacket 46 through which the so-called heating medium flows.
- the gas injection nozzles 28 are arranged in the interior of the cylinder space encompassed by the inner tube 26.
- the gas injection nozzles 28 can also be arranged in the annular space encompassed by the double jacket 46, so that the heating medium flows through the central cylindrical space.
- gas flow pumps 24a, 24b, 24c in the pulp dissolving container 6.
- a baffle plate 44 is arranged at a distance above an outlet opening of the inner tube 26, which limits the gas discharge space 42 downwards in sections and can be flowed around laterally by the transport air 40.
- the inner tube 26 is provided with a double jacket 46, a heating medium being guided in the resulting annular space, so that the inner tube 26 acts as a heat exchanger.
- the jacket of the material dissolving container 6 can be provided with insulation.
- the input material 2 introduced into the material dissolving container 6 is first adjusted to a dry matter proportion TS of approximately 5 to 10% by supplying the dilution water 4 which is circulated. Compressed air is then pressed in via the gas injection nozzles 26 by actuating the control valve 32. In the illustrated embodiment, pulsating operation is preferred, the pulse interval being, for example, approximately 5 to 10 seconds.
- the process temperature is set to a temperature between 50 to 70 ° via the heating medium flowing in the double jacket 46.
- This compressed air pulsation creates compressed air bubbles 50 in the interior of the gas flow pump 24, which suck in mixture / suspension 8 from the bottom 12 similarly to a piston of a piston pump, so that an upward suspension flow 48 is created within the inner tube 26.
- This aspirated suspension then hits the at a high speed, which can be in the range between 10 to 20 m / s Baffle plate 44, whereby mechanical impact is caused by the impact and friction energy and the organic components in the dilution water 4 dissolve.
- the compressed air 52 flowing through the inner tube 26 flows around the baffle plate 54 and is then largely relaxed in the area of the gas discharge space 42 and is sucked in as transport air 40 by the compressor 36 and fed back to the -wind boiler 34 - the compressed air circuit is closed.
- baffles are provided in the annular space 56, for example baffles 58 which are inclined downwards and which are directed downwards
- Suspension flow ( Figure 6) must flow around, so that additional shear forces are introduced into the suspension. Since these guide plates 58 are arranged stationary, their wear is also minimal. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the guide plates 58 are alternately arranged on the inner circumferential jacket of the material dissolving container 6 and on the outer jacket of the inner tube 26, so that the wavy flow shown results in the annular space 56. Of course, other internals or fillers can be used instead of the guide plates 58.
- FIG. 9 shows a waste treatment plant in which the above-described pulper 1 according to FIG. 1 is used.
- the pulper 1 is preceded by a few steps for the separation of solids.
- the waste 60 to be processed is first fed - if necessary after comminution - to a screening plant 62, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is designed as a rotary screen.
- the screen overflow 64 with a grain size between 80 to 200 mm is then either eliminated directly via a material switch or switching and / or metering device 66 or separated by an additional step.
- a partial flow or the entire solids flow can be guided to a screening system 68 via the switching and / or metering device 66, in which the screen overflow 64 is separated into heavy / interfering substances 70 and contaminated light substances 72, which are each eliminated.
- the organically rich sieve pass 78 can have a
- Switching and / or metering device 66 are fed to a mixing system 74, in which it is diluted with a partial stream of the denitrified dilution water 4 and by means of a mixer 268 is processed into a suspension 76 with a solids content of 5% to 15%.
- the suspension 76 is fed to the inlet lock 10 of the pulper 1.
- Impurities 160 e.g. Tapes, ropes and cables are separated from the suspension 76 via a mechanical device of the mixing system 74 and ejected.
- the impurities / heavy substances 18 occurring in the pulper 1 are drawn off from the pulper 1 via the outlet lock 16 and fed to a washing device 80 in which they are cleaned of persistent organic constituents in a cleaning zone 106 by means of supplied service water 82.
- the cleaned heavy / interfering substances 84 are then fed to a ferrous metal separator 86 and a non-ferrous metal separator 88, so that the material flow 84 is accordingly divided into an iron-containing portion 90, a non-ferrous metal portion 92 and other substances 94.
- the disrupted suspension 20 drawn off from the pulper 1 via the outlet lock 16 is fed together with the dirty process water 96 from the washing device 80 to a fiber separator 98, which in turn is designed as a rotary screen.
- fiber and floating materials 100 are separated from organic water 102.
- the fibrous / floating materials 100 are cleaned in a solid sieve and washing system 104 by adding operating water 82 which is fed to a cleaning zone 106 of the washing system.
- This cleaning process can additionally be supported by supplying circulating water 108 to the cleaning zone 106, which is branched off from the treatment circuit for the dilution water 4.
- the two washing devices 80, 104 are each designed with inclined spiral conveyors, via which the respective material flow to be cleaned is conveyed to one of the cleaning zones 106 and finally drawn off via a solids outlet 110.
- the cleaning zone 106 organic constituents are detached from the solids.
- this cleaning is carried out essentially by means of process water 82; with lower demands on this cleaning, the proportion of circulating water 108 can be increased.
- the cleaned solids and fibrous materials 112 which are drawn off via the solids outlet 110 of the washing system 104, are then dewatered in a dewatering press 114 and the dewatered solids 116 are sent for thermal recycling or post-rotting for later landfill disposal.
- the water 118 contained in the dewatering press 114 and containing dissolved organic matter is then mixed with the washing water 120 flowing out of the cleaning zone 106 and loaded with organic matter.
- This stream contains a proportion of fine sand, which is separated in a sand washer 122.
- the organic water 102 from the fiber separator 98 is also fed to the material flow.
- the fine sand portion 124 is separated by the action of a stirrer 126, removed via a sand discharge 123 and cleaned of adhering organic components by adding process water 82.
- the pre-cleaned fine sand 124 is then fed to a fine sand washing device 128, the basic structure of which corresponds to the washing device 80, 104, so that further explanations are unnecessary.
- the cleaned fine sand 130 can then be recycled for use in civil engineering and road construction.
- the organically highly contaminated circulating water 132 present after the sand washing is then temporarily stored in a buffer storage 134 and either fed to a fermenter 138 by means of a pump 136 or fed directly to a heat exchanger 140 as circulating water 132, in which it is heated up by means of a heating medium 142
- the heating medium 142 can also be used to heat the double jacket of the gas flow pump 24.
- the wastewater 146 that has been removed from organic matter after the fermentation stage is then mixed with any that may be present. Circulating water 132 mixed and brought to process temperature in the heat exchanger 140. Excess water 147 not required in the circuit is fed to a wastewater treatment plant 148 and the cleaned wastewater 150 is knocked off and fed into the sewage system. A partial stream> of the cleaned wastewater 150 is fed as operating water 82 to the washing devices 80, 104, 128 and to the sand washer 122, so that the operating water circuit is also closed.
- Organic, contained in the decomposed suspension 20 'components can be made even faster separate the waste when the unlocked suspension 20 of the pulper 1 is first fed to an aerobic hydrolysis or acidification stage 162 via a switching and / or metering device 66 and after a treatment time of 1 to 4 days the suspension 20 of solids in the pulp separator 98 and the sand washer 122 is released. Subsequently, the suspension 21 treated in this way is stored as organically highly contaminated circulating water 132 in the intermediate store 13 and fed to the fermenter 138.
- the separated solids and fibers 100 of the fiber separator 98 which then pass through the solid sieve and washing system 104 and dewatering press 114, are dewatered solids 116 with a dry matter content of 35% to 60% DM of a wet rot by means of a switching and / or metering device 66 164 supplied and diluted there via a switching and / or metering device 66 with the mixed water 158 to a dry matter content of 5 to 15%.
- the oxidized and denitrified substance mixture 23 is discharged and freed of solids in a separation system 168.
- the resulting almost solids-free wastewater 170 is then fed as dilution water 4 to the pulp remover 1 and / or via a switching and / or metering device 66 to the wastewater treatment plant "148.
- the resulting raw compost 212 is disposed of.
- waste gases produced during hydrolysis 162 and wet rotting 164 are freed of ammonia together in an acid air washer 172.
- the organic components of the waste can be separated with very little outlay in terms of device technology, and the remaining material flow can be separated into usable or landfillable partial material flows.
- FIG. 9 it is also possible in an operating case to bypass the separation device 98, 104, 114, 122, 128 and to feed the suspension 21 prepared in the hydrolysis 162 directly to the fermenter 138, with a switching device and / or metering device 66 a suspension mixture 133 is produced from the organically highly contaminated wastewater 132 and the prepared suspension 21.
- the wastewater 146 of the fermenter 138 containing solids is fed to the wet rotting or wet composting 164 as digestate via a switching device and / or metering device 66.
- the oxidized substance mixture 23 after the wet rot 162 is then subjected to a substance separation with a filter device 206, a sand washer 122 and a dewatering press 208 to separate the solids.
- the solid-free waste water 170 obtained in the material separation is used as dilution water or circulation water 4.
- the solids 212 separated during the material separation can be subjected to a rotting 214, the dry product 216 obtained in the rotting 214 passing through a sieving 218 in which the remaining materials 224 and compost 212 are separated.
- the remaining materials are e.g. B. fed a material recycling.
- the solids-laden can Waste water 146 can only be introduced into the circuit of the dilution water 4 if, as indicated in FIG. 9 and enlarged in FIG. 9b, the solids and fibrous materials have previously been separated in a separation system with the solids separation 98, the solids sieve and washing system 104 and the downstream dewatering press 11.4 were.
- the "fermented in the fermenter 138 • and separated in the separating plant 98, 104, 114 -Feststoffe 116 of the wet fermentation are supplied to 164, wherein, in the separating plant 98 , 104, 114, pressed fermentation water 171 is at least used as a partial flow for mixing with the solids 116 again in order to set an ideal dry substance content in the wet rot 164.
- the dry substance content can be between 5-15%.
- the excess of the fermentation water 171 is the circulating water Waste water 170 is added to the wet rot 164 and can thus be supplied as dilution water 4 to the pulper 1, for example.
- the final concentration of the grease-laden wastewater 146 from the fermenter 138 in the separation system 98, 104, 114 has the result that the solids content in the wet rot 164 can be optimally adjusted by the at least partial return of the solids-free fermentation water 171 to the pressed-out solids 116
- Wet rottereactor 192 can be dimensioned significantly smaller and the excess solid-free fermentation water 171 can be pressed into the circuit of the dilution water 4.
- FIG. 10 shows a process diagram with the hydrolysis 162, the wet rot 164, the separation system 168 and with the acidic air washer 172.
- the digested suspension 20 is acidified aerobically and organic material is digested in such a way that it is also available for fermentation in the fermenter 138.
- the adhesive grain and the dirt are separated from the non-anaerobically degradable substances.
- the hydrolysis 162 essentially comprises a reactor 174 in which a mechanical stirrer 176 is arranged for mixing the substance mixture (cf. FIG. 12).
- a blow-in device 178 for blowing in oxygen is provided in the vicinity of the bottom of the reactor 174 and is fed via an oxygen supply 180.
- the digested suspension 20 of the pulper 1 is fed to the reactor 174 near the bottom above the blowing device 178.
- the introduction of oxygen and the actuation of the stirrer 176 mix the substance mixture and, after a treatment time of 1 to 4 days, remove it as a prepared suspension 21 in the vicinity of the substance mixture level 186.
- the non-anaerobically degradable organic matter is breathed in and the nitrogen is expelled as ammonia.
- the circulating water 132, 133, 4 is denitrified by the gassing and thus a concentration of ammonium is prevented, which disrupts the biology in the fermenter 138 and inhibits gas production and degradation.
- the wet rotting 164 essentially has a reactor 192 in which a stirrer 194 for mixing the
- a blow-in device 196 for blowing in oxygen is provided near the bottom of the reactor 192 and is fed via the same oxygen supply 180 as that of the hydrolysis 162.
- An exhaust gas space 200 for collecting the resulting exhaust gases 202 is formed above a substance mixture level 198.
- a cooling unit 182 is provided in order to avoid overheating of the substance mixture in the wet rotting 164.
- the cooling unit 182 is connected to a flow 184 and a return 204, which are immersed in the mixture of substances.
- coolant is conveyed through the feed 184 and the return 204, as a result of which excess heat can be dissipated in the mixture of substances.
- the solids 116 are charged into the reactor 192 near the stirrer 194.
- the strongly ammonia-laden mixed water 158 is conducted into the mixture 192 above the solids 116.
- the mixture of substances is mixed via the stirrer 194 and the oxygen introduced and, after a dwell time of 3 to 10 days, removed from the reactor 192 as a prepared and oxidized mixture of substances 23 and fed to the separation system 168.
- the separation system 168 comprises a filter device 206 and a dewatering press 208.
- the processed and oxidized substance mixture 23 is fed to the filter device 206.
- the resulting almost solids-free wastewater 170 is fed to the dilution water 4 and / or the wastewater treatment plant 148.
- Solid and fibrous materials 220 obtained are further treated in the dewatering press 208, for example a classifying press.
- the press juice 210 formed in the dewatering press 208 is fed back into the filter device 206.
- the resulting dewatered raw compost 212 can be subjected to rotting and / or drying 214 via a switching and / or metering device 66.
- the dewatered raw compost 212 is processed into a separable dry product 216 with a dry substance content of 75% to 85%.
- the rotting 214 is followed by a separating device 218, in which the inert substances 222 are deposited and the remaining materials 224 are recycled.
- the waste gases 188, 200 collected in the waste gas spaces 190, 202 of the hydrolysis reactor 174 and of the wet rottereactor 192 are fed to a mixing container 226 of the acidic air washer 172 and are freed of ammonia there.
- Amonium chloride or sulfate 230 can be obtained as a commercial product by adding hydrochloric or sulfuric acid 228.
- a water-acid mixture 232 collects in the bottom area of the mixing container 226, which is removed from the mixing container 226 via a spray device 234 with a circulating pump 236 and sprayed in again at the head side, so that it can react flatly with the exhaust gases 188, 200.
- a part is removed during the circulation via a switching and / or metering device 66 as a finished commercial product ammonium chloride or sulfate 230.
- the denitrified exhaust air 238 produced in this process can be freed of odorous substances in a downstream cleaning stage 240 as released process air 242 to the atmosphere.
- FIG. 11 shows a variant of a pulper by which quasi-continuous operation can be carried out.
- two or more fabric dissolving containers 6 are connected in series, each with a gas flow pump, not shown in Figure 10.
- the mechanically processed input material 2 is fed to the first material dissolving container 6a via the inlet lock 10 and adjusted to the predetermined dry substance content by adding dilution water 4.
- the resulting impurities / high-gravity solids 18 are withdrawn through arranged at the bottom outlet lock 16 and the accumulating in the '' ''' material solubilizing tank 6a, intensively mixed by the pneumatic • agitator decomposed suspension 20 initiated by actuation of a slider 152 in the further material solubilizing tank 6b wherein the Conveying is preferably carried out by gravity without a pump, in which a further disruption takes place by means of the pneumatic agitator, the resulting suspension 20b then being pushed via a slide 152 to one or more pulp dissolving containers (not shown) or the processing described with reference to FIG.
- the dry substance fraction TS in the pulp container 6b is set either as a function of the TS content in the S. fabric dissolver 6a or dilution liquid can also be fed directly into the fabric dissolving container 6b so that the dry matter content in each fabric dissolving container 6a, 6b, ... can be individually adjusted.
- Dilution water 4 can be solved.
- the grain size of the waste mixture supplied (after mechanical processing) is preferably at least 80 mm.
- the mixture 8 is diluted in the pulper 1.1 to a dry matter content of about 1-15%.
- the pulper 1.1 has a pulp container 6 with a rectangular shape that is essentially “lying” in longitudinal section with the length L1 and a height hl.
- the height-length ratio hl: Ll> 1: 4 is preferably fulfilled.
- the waste 278 and the dilution water 4 are each the pulp dissolving tank 6 via an entry lock
- a conical base 12 is embodied, which opens into a discharge opening 14 with an outlet lock 16, via which the disruptive deposits on the base 12
- Entry lock 10 is fed again.
- An agitator 270 with a motor-driven rotor 272 is arranged in the interior of the substance dissolving container 6, which extends essentially over the entire length L1 of the substance dissolving container 6 and on which a plurality of rotor blades 276a, b, c, 278a, b, c are arranged.
- An even number of rotor blades 276, 278 is preferably selected.
- the shown The exemplary embodiment shows, for example, six rotor blades 276, 278, but other numbers are also conceivable.
- the rotor blades 276, 278 each have blade pitch angles which are offset from one another by approximately 180 °, so that the rotor blades 276a, 278a and 276b, 278b and 276c, 278c each have an opposite conveying direction.
- the mixture 8 is brought together between the rotor blades 276a, 278a and-'2 ' 76b, 278b and 276c, 278c, whereby in each case an abrasive vortex 280a, 280b, 280c is formed and the organic matter changes into a solution.
- a counter-vortex 282a, 282b forms between the rotor blades 278a, 276b and 278b, 276c, by means of which the mixture is guided apart and thus also promotes abrasion and supports the transition of the organic matter into solution.
- the impurities / heavy substances 18 sink downward in the mixture 8 and are conveyed, for example, via a screw conveyor 284 to the conical bottom 12 and thus to the outlet lock 16.
- a gas injection device is provided, via which compressed air is preferably blown into the discharge opening 14 by means of an injection line 156 and a compressed air compressor 36 in a pulsed manner, ie discontinuously, or continuously , whereby the impurities / heavy substances 18 rise up to a certain distance h2 from the mixture level 286.
- the distance h2 can be selected variably via the amount and intensity of the gas injection.
- the entire interior of the material dissolving container 6 is preferably filled with the mixture 8, with a chimney 288 on a ceiling section opposite the floor 12 is arranged in which the mixture 8 rises. Above the mixing level 286, a gas extraction space 240 is formed in the chimney 288 and is connected to the compressed air compressor 36 via a suction line 38, so that the compressed air 52 of the gas injection device can be circulated.
- the process water 82 of the waste water purification system 148 and; the circulating water 108, which is branched off from the treatment circuit for the dilution water 4, is introduced into the pulp dissolving tank 6 so that the impurities / heavy substances 18 can leave the pulp dissolving tank 6 as cleaned or clear solids.
- this can be encompassed at least in sections by a double jacket 46 through which a heating medium 142 is guided.
- an insulation 47 can be provided which encloses the material dissolving container 6 and the double jacket 46.
- FIGS. 13a-d show exemplary cross-sectional shapes of the pulper 1.1 from FIG. 12.
- the circle 290 shown in broken lines represents the circular path that the rotor blades 276, 278 and their
- FIG. 13 a it is conceivable to design the material dissolving container 6 with a circular cross section or according to FIG. 13 b with two parallel longitudinal walls 292, 294, which are connected to one another via a semicircular bottom wall 295. It is also possible to design the material dissolving container 6 according to FIG. 13c as a polygon, in particular as a hexagon, whereby a bottom wall 295 has a short transverse extent than an opposite top wall 297.
- a polygon in particular as a hexagon
- a fabric release container 6 with a rectangular cross section with arcuate longitudinal walls 292, 294 is realized, two parallel rotors 274, 296, the rotor blade tips of which are arranged in the interior of the fabric release container 6 each describe a circular path 290, 298, which together form an overlap region 302.
- FIG. 14 several pulverizers 1.1 can be connected in series, the downstream pulper container 6n being charged with the suspension 22 obtained in the upstream pulverizer container 6a.
- the gas injection is preferably carried out via a common compressed air compressor 36.
- the discharged impurities / heavy substances 18 are preferably fed to the washing device 80 via a common conveyor 304, for example a screw conveyor, and thus to the further process steps according to FIG. 9.
- the circulating water 108 can be introduced into the cleaning zone 106 of the washing device 80.
- FIG. 15 shows a preferred exemplary embodiment of a hydrolysis reactor 174 for waste mixtures with a maximum grain size of approximately 80 mm.
- the wet rot reactor 192 is constructed essentially like the hydrolysis reactor 174, so that the following explanations also apply to this reactor 192 or to the wet rot 164.
- the reactor 174 for the hydrolysis 162 has a stirrer 176 with adjustable delivery capacity, preferably a paddle stirrer.
- the stirrer 176 is from encompassed a double-walled guide tube 244, which is spaced on the end face from the reactor base 246 and the reactor head 248 and preferably completely immersed in the mixture of substances.
- the stirrer 176 is activated in such a way that a recirculating flow 250 results, the mixture of substances in FIG. 15 being conveyed through the guide tube 244 from top to bottom and an ascending loop-shaped flow 252 forming outside the guide tube 244.
- the guide tube 244 has an annular space 166 between its inner and its outer wall, which is connected to an upper flow 184 and a lower return 204 of a cooling unit, not shown.
- a coolant flows through the annular space 166, as a result of which overheating of the mixture of substances can be prevented.
- An oxygen supply 180 is provided, optionally via arms 254, 256, 258 near the ground or in
- 256, 258 can have a large number of gas injection nozzles and are individually opened and closed via valves 262. The one required for hydrolysis 162
- Oxygen can be both liquid and technical
- Oxygen i.e. > 95% O2, as well as in one
- a build-up occurs in the top area of the reactor 174
- the exhaust gas chamber 190 is separated by the
- the exhaust gases 188 can Flow out via a line 262 in the reactor head 248 to the acidic air washer 172.
- the oxygen bubbles Via a head-side, length-adjustable axial extension 264 of the guide tube 244, the oxygen bubbles, which move upward with the loop-like flow 252, can be sucked in again by the stirrer 176, so that an almost 100% utilization of the oxygen present is realized.
- Oxygen utilization can be determined via a 02 ⁇ probe 266 in line 262 by determining the injected
- Oxygen and the setting of the extension 264 are regulated. However, it is also possible to optimize the oxygen utilization by means of an axial displacement of the entire guide tube 244 and / or by changing the material mixture level 186.
- the guide tube height Hl corresponds to 8 to 10 times the guide tube diameter dl.
- the effective diameter d2 i.e. the inner diameter of the reactor 174 corresponds to 4 to 6 times the guide tube diameter dl.
- the bottom distance H2 from the reactor bottom 246 to the guide tube 244 corresponds to 1 to 2 times the guide tube diameter dl.
- the distance between the material mixture level 186 and the guide tube 244 corresponds to 2 to 3 times the guide tube diameter dl.
- variable height adjustment H4 between the material mixture level 186 and the guide tube 244 is 0.5 to 2 times the guide tube diameter dl.
- the upstream velocity vl of the circulating flow 250 ranges between 0.1 m / s and 0.8 m / s.
- the guide tube diameter dl is between 0.5 m and 1.5 m, depending on the composition of the mixture and the dry matter content.
- a plurality of guide tubes 244 mentioned above can also be provided in the reactor 174.
- three guide tubes 244a, 244b, 244c can be triangular to one another.
- FIG. 19 schematically shows a second process scheme for waste treatment of waste with organic components.
- the reference numerals are chosen in accordance with the first method scheme according to FIG. 9, so that in order to avoid repetition, a detailed examination of the common facilities and material flows is dispensed with.
- the waste 60 to be treated is first fed to a screening plant 62, which is designed, for example, as a rotary screen.
- the waste 60 preferably has a dry matter content of 45-60%.
- the resulting screen overflow 64 can either be disposed of directly or at least fed as a partial flow to a screening system 68 for separating the screen overflow 64 into contaminants / heavy materials 70 and contaminated light materials 72, which can then subsequently be eliminated.
- the organically rich sieve pass 78 can be fed at least as a partial stream to a mixing system 74, in which it is diluted with a partial stream of a denitrified dilution water 4 and processed by means of a mixer 268 to a suspension 76 with a solids content of 5-15%. Furthermore, impurities 160, such as tapes, ropes and cables, are separated from the suspension 76 and ejected via a mechanical device of the mixing system 74. The suspension 76 prepared in this way and freed from the coarse contaminants 160 is fed to the inlet lock 10 of the pulper 1 or 1.1.
- the contaminants / heavy substances 18 contained in the pulver 1, 1.1 are withdrawn via the outlet lock 16 to the pulverizer 6 and fed to a washing device 80, in which the organic constituents adhering to the contaminants 18 are cleaned in a cleaning zone 106 by means of supplied operating water 82.
- the contaminants / heavy substances 84 cleaned in this way can then be fed to a ferrous metal separator 86 and a non-ferrous metal separator 88, so that the material flow of the contaminants / heavy substances 84 is divided into an iron-containing portion 90 and a non-ferrous metal portion 92 and other substances 94.
- the digested suspension 20 drawn off from the pulper 1, 1.1 via the outlet lock 16 is subjected to a hydrolysis 162 or 162.1.
- a dry matter content of 5-15% is preferably set in the hydrolysis 162, 162.1.
- the nitrogen-laden waste gases 188 from the hydrolysis 162, 162.1 are used for denitrification in an acidic air scrubber 172 and then, after passing through a purification stage 240, to remove odorous substances from the denitrified waste gases released into the atmosphere as purified process air 240.
- the suspension 21 prepared in the hydrolysis 162, 162.1 is fed to a material separation system 300 for separating the liquid 132, which is highly loaded with organic matter, from the essentially organic-free solids 116 of the suspension 21.
- a material separation system 300 for separating the liquid 132, which is highly loaded with organic matter, from the essentially organic-free solids 116 of the suspension 21.
- purified fine sand 130 is obtained, which can be removed from the process.
- the liquid 132 is stored in an intermediate storage 134 and, as required for biogas production, is fed to a fermenter 138 and / or as circulating water, a heat exchanger 140 in which it is heated to process temperature by means of a heating medium 142 and then as dilution water 4 for the pulper 1.
- 1.1 can be used.
- the solids 116 preferably have a dry matter content of 5% and are subjected to a wet rotting 164 or 164.1 - also referred to as wet oxidation.
- the exhaust gases 200 which occur in the wet oxidation 164, 164.1 and in the associated denitrification are heavily loaded with nitrogen and are supplied to the acidic air washer 172 for denitrification.
- the mixture of substances 23 oxidized in the wet oxidation 164, 164.1 " is fed to a separation plant 168, from which, on the one hand, raw compost 212 is excreted and, on the other hand, solids-free wastewater 170 is fed to the pulper 1, 1.1 as dilution water 4 and / or in a wastewater treatment plant 148 for discharge as wastewater 150 is cleaned in the sewage system.
- a partial flow of the cleaned wastewater 150 is led as operating water 82 into the cleaning zone 106 of the washing device 80 and to the material separation plant 300.
- a partial stream of the cleaned waste water 150 is mixed as process water 82 with the partial stream of the circulating water 132 after the fermenter 138.
- 132 biogas 144 is obtained from the organically highly contaminated circulating water under the influence of methane bacteria. This results in de-contaminated wastewater 146 which can be fed to wet oxidation 164, 164.1 as de-fouled digestion water 159. The stream of waste water 146 not required for the wet oxidation 164, 164.1 can be fed to the waste water purification system 148 as excess water 174.
- FIG. 19 also shows that the dewatered solids 116, at least as a partial stream after passing through a drying process 311, can be fed to a compacting system 312 for producing a fuel for thermal / material recycling in a gasification or combustion system 317, one in a liquefaction device 313 and / or a preparation and metering device 314 prepared binder 315 for use as an adhesive of the compacting system 312 is supplied.
- a compacting system 312 for producing a fuel for thermal / material recycling in a gasification or combustion system 317, one in a liquefaction device 313 and / or a preparation and metering device 314 prepared binder 315 for use as an adhesive of the compacting system 312 is supplied.
- Material separation plant 300 the separation plant 168 and the pactation.
- hydrolysis 162.1 as in hydrolysis 162 with the reactor according to FIG. 15, the digested suspension 20 is roughly cleaned and organic material is digested in such a way that it is available for fermentation in the fermenter 138.
- the non-anaerobically degradable substances are separated from adhesive grain and dirt.
- the hydrolysis 162.1 takes place essentially in a reactor 174 which has a blowing device 178 in the vicinity of the bottom 246 for blowing in oxygen, as a result of which a helical flow 252 rising in the mixture of substances is formed.
- a blowing device 178 in the vicinity of the bottom 246 for blowing in oxygen, as a result of which a helical flow 252 rising in the mixture of substances is formed.
- the injection can be pulse-like or continuous.
- the reactor 174 is charged with the suspension 20 from the pulper 1, 1.11 and the hydrolyzed suspension 21 is removed in each case in a central reactor section.
- the blowing device 178 comprises at least one lance or an arm 254 with a plurality of “ nozzles for blowing oxygen into the mixture of matter, which is connected to an oxygen supply 180. Pure oxygen is preferably injected through the nozzles.
- the injected oxygen and the exhaust gases 188 obtained in the hydrolysis 162.1 collect above a substance mixture level 186 in an exhaust gas space 190. Since in the hydrolysis 162 part of the oxygen is breathed through C0 2 , ie rendered inert, the oxygen supply 180 is optimal for regulating the oxygen supply Reactor head 248 a 0 2 measuring probe 266 is provided. To increase the mixing of the mixture of substances in the hydrolysis reactor 174, at least a partial flow of the exhaust gas 188 can be carried out via a suction line 38, a compressed air compressor 36, a press-in line 136 and an arm 306, which is provided with a large number of nozzles and according to the view in FIG.
- the injected exhaust gases 188 likewise form an ascending helical flow 308, which overlaps with the flow 252 of the injected oxygen to form an overall flow 310.
- the exhaust gases 188 not injected into the mixture of substances are fed to the acidic air washer 172 for denitrification, as already described under FIG. 19.
- the dry substance content of the mixture is preferably 5-15% and the temperature of the mixture in the reactor 174 is 70 ° C. This temperature is sufficient to loosen fat or fat compounds.
- an insulation 47 is provided, through which the cooling liquid of a refrigeration unit 182 flows.
- wet rot or wet oxidation 164.1 as with the wet rot 164, the wet rot reactor is used in accordance with
- Oxidation 164.1 becomes the circulating water through the gassing
- the wet oxidation 164.1 essentially takes place in a reactor 192 which corresponds to the reactor 174 of the hydrolysis 162.1.
- this reactor 192 also has a blow-in device 178 which can be operated at the bottom in a pulsed and discontinuous manner for blowing in oxygen and for mixing the substance mixture in the reactor 192.
- a previously described 0 2 measuring probe 266 is provided for regulating the oxygen supply 180.
- the exhaust gases 200 formed in the wet oxidation 164.1 can be injected back into the mixture of substances at least as a partial flow, implicitly or discontinuously, by means of a recirculation.
- the non-recirculated exhaust gases 200 are fed to the acidic air mixer 172 for denitrification in accordance with FIG. 19.
- an insulation 74 with a refrigeration unit 182 is provided for setting a constant temperature of the substance mixture.
- the solids 116 dewatered in the material separation 200 and the digestion water 159 of the fermenter 138 are fed in and the oxidized material mixture 23, like the material streams 20, 21 in the hydrolysis 162.1, is removed in a central reactor section.
- a dry matter content of 5-15% is preferably set in the reactor 192.
- the digestion water 159 supplied serves primarily as dilution water.
- Hydrolysis reactor 174 and the wet oxidation reactor 192 is that in the wet oxidation 164.1 more
- Oxygen is injected into the mixture of substances To transfer substances that have not yet passed into solution and to denitrify the mixture of substances.
- This has the advantage that rotting 214, as in the process diagram according to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, can be dispensed with, which among other things results in considerable cost reductions possible are.
- the mixture of substances in the reactor 192 can also be hygienized in the wet oxidation 164, 164.1, depending on the type of control. Not only can those in the mixture of substances be found Solids 116, but also the wastewater 146 of the fermenter 138 mixed with and without solids can also be hygienized.
- the hygienization in wet oxidation 164, 164.1 enables hygienized solids (compost) as well as a mixture of solids and process water or waste water or pure process water or special waste water to be used directly for agriculture.
- Hygiene in wet oxidation 164, 164.1 preferably takes place at the beginning of wet oxidation 164, 164.1, since the prevailing high temperatures also improve the microbial availability of the organic substances. However, it is also conceivable to carry out the hygienization at the end of the wet oxidation 164, 164.1.
- Hygiene is particularly relevant for all biomass raw materials that are to be used for agricultural purposes. These include in particular organic and green waste, waste from agriculture and energy crops, kitchen and canteen waste, sewage sludge and special process and waste water. Throughout Europe, biomass products from total waste can also be counted.
- FIG. 22 shows a schematic structure of the material separation plant 300.
- the suspension 21 prepared in the hydrolysis 162, 162.1 is fed together with the dirty process water 96 from the washing device 80 to a fiber separator 98, which is designed, for example, as a rotary screen.
- the process water 82 obtained in the wastewater treatment plant 148 can be fed to the fiber separator 98 as a dilution.
- fiber separator 98 fibers and floating materials 100 are separated from the organic water 102.
- the fibers and floating materials 100 are cleaned in a solid sieve and washing system 104 by adding a partial stream of the operating water 82 in a cleaning zone 106.
- This cleaning process can be supported by circulating water 108, which is branched off from the circuit of the dilution water 4 upstream of the heat exchanger 140, through the cleaning zone 106.
- the organic constituents of the fibrous and floating materials 100 detached from this. If very intensive cleaning is required, the operating water 82 is additionally supplied to the cleaning zone 106. With less intensive cleaning, the proportion of circulating water 108 can be increased.
- the water 118 in the dewatering press 114 loaded with organics, is mixed with the washing water 120 flowing out of the cleaning zone 106 and fed to a sand washer 122.
- the organic water 102 can also be fed to the sand washer 122.
- the fine sand portion 124 is separated by the action of a stirrer 126 and the organic constituents adhering to the fine sand portion 124 are removed by adding the operating water 82.
- the fine sand 124 thus pre-cleaned is then fed to a fine sand washing device 128, the basic structure of which corresponds to the washing device 80 or 104 according to FIG. 19.
- the cleaned fine sand 130 can then be recycled for use in civil engineering and road construction.
- the liquid 132 that is highly contaminated with organic matter during sand washing is as already mentioned below
- FIG. 19 described temporarily stored in the intermediate storage 134 and fed to a fermenter 138 and / or used as circulating water 132.
- the fibrous material separator 98 is designed, for example, as a rotary sieve, the separated fibrous and floating substances 100 being fed to the solid sieve and washing system 104, in the cleaning zone 106 of which the adhering organic constituents are separated off by means of the process water 82 and / or the branched-off circulating water 108 Solids 112 dewatered and cleaned in the cleaning zone 106 are drawn off via a solids outlet 110 and compacted in the dewatering press 114 to form the raw compost 212 already mentioned in FIG.
- Organic highly contaminated water 118, together with the washing water 120, is fed to the solid sieve and washing system 104 as the mixed water 121 to the fiber separator 98.
- the dewatered solids 116 are subjected to a drying process 311.
- a resulting dry substance mixture 311.1 with a water content of preferably 15% to 25% is subjected to a compacting system 312, in particular a briquetting device or pelletizing device with an integrated mixer or Extruder or a bar press fed.
- the compacting is preferably carried out under low pressure, with a binder as an adhesive being added to the dry substance mixture 311.1, in order to hold the shaped pieces 312.1, such as briquettes and pellets, produced under low pressure until they burn up 317.
- the compacting under low pressure and with the addition of the binder 315 has the advantage that the energy expenditure for producing the shaped pieces 317 is reduced and the wear on the system parts of the compacting system 312, such as the mixer, is reduced.
- the compacting 312 according to the invention with the binding agent 315 requires approximately 20 kW of electrical current and causes wear costs of approximately € 1 / mg to € 6 / mg, whereas in the case of conventional compacting for the production of IMg molded parts from waste, 100 kW of electrical current and wear costs of around 15 € incurred, resulting in a total cost / mg of approximately € 50.
- the adhesive 315 is obtained primarily from the sieve overflow 72 which is produced, which consists of approximately 80% plastics and is converted into a viscous injection mass 313.1 in a liquefaction device 313 by extrusion or thermal / chemical action.
- plastic material 72 In the event that no or too little plastic material 72 is available, it can also be mixed with supplied binder 316 such as lime milk or starch via the preparation and metering device 314 as organic or inorganic binder 314.1 of the compacting system 312. In this case, priority is given to organic starch, such as potato starch, because, in contrast to the cheaper lime milk, it is burned without residue and electrical and / or thermal energy 317.1 is released.
- the lime milk can be disposed of as slag or minerals 317.2.
- the compacting system 312 can be bypassed in whole or in part and the material flows 72 and 311.1 can be fed directly to the thermal utilization 317.
- a process for treating waste with organic constituents is disclosed, wherein in the case of uniform process steps, depending on the grain size of the waste mixture, different material dissolvers are used to dissolve the organic constituents in a dilution liquid and different reactors are used to carry out hydrolysis and / or wet rotting, and suitable material dissolvers and reactors. Furthermore, a suitable waste treatment plant is disclosed.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
- Mixers With Rotating Receptacles And Mixers With Vibration Mechanisms (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007513869A JP2008501495A (ja) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-03 | 加水分解及び/又は湿式発酵のための材料可溶化装置、反応装置及びかかる可溶化装置及び反応装置を備えた廃棄物処理設備 |
BRPI0510646-0A BRPI0510646A (pt) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-03 | equipamento de solubilização de matéria, reator para hidrólise e/ou decomposição úmida e uma usina de processamento de lixo compreendendo tal equipamento de solubilização e reator |
US11/628,353 US20080199943A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-03 | Material Solubiliser Reactor For Hydrolysis and/or Wet Fermentation and Waste Treatment Plant With Such a Solubiliser and Reactor |
AU2005249704A AU2005249704A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-03 | Material solubiliser reactor for hydrolysis and/or wet fermentation and waste treatment plant with such a solubiliser and reactor |
EP05804736A EP1753538A2 (de) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-03 | Stofflöser, reaktor für hydrolyse und/oder nassrotte und abfallaufbereitungsanlage mit einem derartigen stofflöser und reaktor |
CA 2569918 CA2569918A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-03 | Material solubiliser reactor for hydrolysis and/or wet fermentation and waste treatment plant with such a solubiliser and reactor |
MXPA06014109A MXPA06014109A (es) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-03 | Solubilizante de material, reactor para hidrolisis y/o fermentacion en humedo y planta de tratamiento de desechos con uno de tales solubilizante y reactor. |
HR20060418A HRP20060418A2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2006-12-01 | Material solubiliser reactor for hydrolysis and/or wet fermentation and waste treatment plant with such a solubiliser and reactor |
IL179797A IL179797A0 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2006-12-03 | Material solubiliser reactor for hydrolysis and/or wet fermentation and waste treatment plant with such a solubiliser and reactor |
TNP2006000399A TNSN06399A1 (en) | 2004-10-15 | 2006-12-04 | Material solubiliser reactor for hydrolysis and/or wet fermentation and waste teatment plant with such a solubiliser and reactor |
NO20070051A NO20070051L (no) | 2004-06-03 | 2007-01-03 | Materialopploser, reaktor for hydrolyse og/eller vatfermentering og avfallsbehandlingsanlegg med en slik opploser og reaktor |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004027260.3 | 2004-06-03 | ||
DE102004027260 | 2004-06-03 | ||
DE102004050503.9 | 2004-10-15 | ||
DE102004050503 | 2004-10-15 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005118147A2 true WO2005118147A2 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
WO2005118147A3 WO2005118147A3 (de) | 2006-02-16 |
WO2005118147A9 WO2005118147A9 (de) | 2006-03-30 |
Family
ID=35198022
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/005993 WO2005118147A2 (de) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-03 | Stofflöser, reaktor für hydrolyse und/oder nassrotte und abfallaufbereitungsanlage mit einem derartigen stofflöser und reaktor |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080199943A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1753538A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2008501495A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20070037587A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2005249704A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0510646A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2569918A1 (de) |
HR (1) | HRP20060418A2 (de) |
IL (1) | IL179797A0 (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA06014109A (de) |
NO (1) | NO20070051L (de) |
RU (1) | RU2006143627A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005118147A2 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2007054287A1 (de) * | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-18 | Christian Widmer | Verfahren zur behandlung von abfall und abfallbehandlungsanlage |
CN101967446A (zh) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-02-09 | 陆永成 | 盘龙式干湿发酵沼气池 |
EP2586856A1 (de) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-01 | Peter Rohn | Verfahren und Behälter zur Vorbehandlung organischer Stoffe einer Biogasanlage |
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DE102010025636A1 (de) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-05 | Beutler & Lang Schalungs- und Behälter-Bau GmbH | Unterdruckbehälter, System und Verfahren zum Entfernen von Störstoffen aus einer Biogasanlage |
US8329455B2 (en) | 2011-07-08 | 2012-12-11 | Aikan North America, Inc. | Systems and methods for digestion of solid waste |
DE102013111592A1 (de) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-23 | Binowa Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abscheidung schwerer Bestandteile aus hochviskosem Ausgangssubstrat von Biogasanlagen |
CN103614288B (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-04-08 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | 一种有机垃圾高固体厌氧反应装置及厌氧反应方法 |
US10308538B2 (en) | 2014-10-01 | 2019-06-04 | ClearCove Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for separating materials from an influent stream |
US9586845B2 (en) * | 2014-10-01 | 2017-03-07 | ClearCove Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for separating biologically digestible materials from an influent stream |
US9676642B2 (en) | 2014-10-01 | 2017-06-13 | ClearCove Systems, Inc. | Method for selectively treating sludge to remove components therefrom |
US10308539B2 (en) | 2014-10-01 | 2019-06-04 | ClearCove Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for treatment of sludge |
WO2017053474A1 (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-03-30 | Bright Gary L | Aerobic hose wrap composting apparatus and method for decomposing waste material |
FI20175541A (fi) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-12-14 | Demeca Oy | Menetelmä ja laitteisto biokaasureaktorin syötteen muodostamiseksi ja käsittelemiseksi |
CN112450484B (zh) * | 2021-01-05 | 2024-07-12 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | 一种立式烟草生物处理发酵贮存装置及方法 |
CN113171874B (zh) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-12-06 | 深圳市盛磁通磁业有限公司 | 一种磁驱离式磁粉检测原料制备装置 |
CN115814735B (zh) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-09-05 | 青岛汇君环境能源工程有限公司 | 一种用于秸秆处理的水解酸化设备 |
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- 2005-06-03 JP JP2007513869A patent/JP2008501495A/ja active Pending
- 2005-06-03 MX MXPA06014109A patent/MXPA06014109A/es unknown
- 2005-06-03 AU AU2005249704A patent/AU2005249704A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-06-03 US US11/628,353 patent/US20080199943A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-06-03 EP EP05804736A patent/EP1753538A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-06-03 RU RU2006143627/03A patent/RU2006143627A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-06-03 KR KR20067027944A patent/KR20070037587A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-06-03 BR BRPI0510646-0A patent/BRPI0510646A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-06-03 CA CA 2569918 patent/CA2569918A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-06-03 WO PCT/EP2005/005993 patent/WO2005118147A2/de active Application Filing
-
2006
- 2006-12-01 HR HR20060418A patent/HRP20060418A2/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-12-03 IL IL179797A patent/IL179797A0/en unknown
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2007
- 2007-01-03 NO NO20070051A patent/NO20070051L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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WO2007054287A1 (de) * | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-18 | Christian Widmer | Verfahren zur behandlung von abfall und abfallbehandlungsanlage |
CN101967446A (zh) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-02-09 | 陆永成 | 盘龙式干湿发酵沼气池 |
EP2586856A1 (de) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-01 | Peter Rohn | Verfahren und Behälter zur Vorbehandlung organischer Stoffe einer Biogasanlage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080199943A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
IL179797A0 (en) | 2007-05-15 |
RU2006143627A (ru) | 2008-07-20 |
AU2005249704A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
HRP20060418A2 (en) | 2007-09-30 |
JP2008501495A (ja) | 2008-01-24 |
KR20070037587A (ko) | 2007-04-05 |
EP1753538A2 (de) | 2007-02-21 |
BRPI0510646A (pt) | 2007-11-20 |
NO20070051L (no) | 2007-01-03 |
CA2569918A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
MXPA06014109A (es) | 2007-05-09 |
WO2005118147A3 (de) | 2006-02-16 |
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