WO2005116175A1

WO2005116175A1 - Slide member and method of producing slide member

Info

Publication number: WO2005116175A1
Application number: PCT/JP2005/008582
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hitotoshi Murase; Toshihisa Shimo
Original assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki
Priority date: 2004-05-27
Filing date: 2005-04-28
Publication date: 2005-12-08
Also published as: JP2005337129A; US20070225177A1; EP1752519A1

Abstract

A slide member has a metallic base material (10) and a slide layer (20) of resin powder integrally sintered on at least one surface of the base material (10), and is characterized that the slide layer (20) contains solid lubricant powder. The slide member may have an intermediate layer interposed between the base material (10) and the slide layer (20) and made from a material different from the base material (10). The slide member has high contact ability and excellent sliding characteristics. Further, a method of producing a slide member has a layering process for forming a powder slide layer, made from at least resin powder and solid lubricant powder, on at least one surface of a metallic base material layer and has a sintering process for integrally sintering the base material layer and the powder slide layer. With this production method, a slide member having at least the base material (10) and the slide layer (20) can be produced. The production method enables to produce a slide member having high contact ability and excellent sliding characteristics.

Description

Description Sliding member and manufacturing method of sliding member

The present invention relates to a sliding member used for a sliding portion of various devices and a method for manufacturing the sliding member. Background art

The sliding member used in compressors and the like consists of a metal base material and a resin sliding layer formed on the sliding surface, and the sliding layer improves the sliding performance of the sliding member. Let me do it. In many cases, the sliding layer is formed by applying a resin film. For example, in JP-A-11-13638, a thermosetting resin dissolved in a solvent is spray-coated. After being applied to a metal base material by means of, drying and firing are performed to obtain a sliding layer. '

When a sliding layer is formed by painting, the number of steps increases because drying and firing are performed after painting. In particular, when a sliding layer composed of a plurality of layers is formed, the above steps are repeated, so that the number of steps is further increased. In addition, it is necessary to consider safety and environmental issues when selecting and treating the solvent that dissolves the resin.

As one method of forming the sliding layer instead of painting, a sintering method is considered. However, according to Comparative Example 1 of JP-A-9-1318828, when a layer composed of only aluminum powder and a layer composed of only polyimide powder are laminated and sintered, both components are obtained. Easily peels off at the interface of For this reason, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-113188, the adhesion between both layers is formed by forming a layer containing both metal and resin between a layer consisting of only metal and a layer consisting of only resin. Is secured. That is, it is not easy to form a sliding layer made of resin on a metal substrate by sintering. Disclosure of the invention

In view of the above situation, the present inventors have found that even when sintering, the adhesion between the substrate and the sliding layer is improved. A new configuration that can be secured has been found. That is, the present invention relates to a sliding member obtained by sintering, which has high adhesion between a substrate and a sliding layer, and is suitable for a sliding portion and a method for manufacturing the sliding member. The purpose is to provide.

A sliding member of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a sliding member comprising: a metal base; and a sliding layer of resin powder integrally sintered on at least one surface of the base. The sliding layer contains a solid lubricant powder.

By including the solid lubricant powder in the sliding layer, the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the base material and the sliding layer is reduced. As a result, the adhesion between the metal base material and the resin sliding layer, which could not be obtained by sintering, can be ensured. Further, since the sliding layer is formed by melting and solidifying the resin powder by sintering, the sliding layer has excellent adhesion to the base material. In the case of sintering while being pressed, the resin powder is melted and solidified in the pressed state, so that the adhesion is further improved.

The substrate is preferably a bulk body or a sintered body made of a metal powder sintered integrally with the sliding layer. Here, “Panorek” means “lump”, and usually refers to a material other than a thin film wire. In other words, the base material, which is a Balta body, includes not only a metal member processed by a structure or the like, but also a sintered body made of a metal powder that is not sintered integrally with the sliding layer (the sliding layer is sintered). (A sintered body formed by sintering before bonding).

The sliding layer is preferably a functionally graded material layer in which the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the substrate side is lower than that on the opposite substrate side. By making the sliding layer a functionally graded material layer, it is possible to ensure excellent adhesion to the substrate while maintaining excellent sliding characteristics on the side opposite to the substrate. In this case, the functionally graded material layer is preferably a layer in which the ratio of the solid lubricant powder changes continuously or stepwise from the base material side to the non-base material side.

Further, it is preferable to have an intermediate layer interposed between the base material and the sliding layer and made of a metal different from the base material. By providing the intermediate layer, even if the sliding layer is damaged during use of the sliding member, the intermediate layer can be slid as the sliding surface, so that the reliability of the sliding member is improved. In this case, it is preferable that the intermediate layer is an intermediate sintered body layer made of a metal powder integrally sintered with the base material and the sliding layer. Further, the method for manufacturing a sliding member of the present invention includes: a laminating step of forming a powder sliding layer comprising at least a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder on at least one surface of a substrate layer comprising a metal; And a sintering step of integrally sintering the powder sliding layer and the powder sliding layer.

Since the base material layer and the powder sliding layer formed in the laminating step are integrally sintered in the sintering step, the sliding material can be formed in a small number of steps. Further, since the powder sliding layer contains the solid lubricant powder, the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the sintered base layer and the powder sliding layer becomes small. As a result, there is no separation from the interface between the sintered base material layer and the powder sliding layer. Further, since sintering is used, a solvent which is indispensable for coating is not required, and a sliding layer made of resin powder which is hardly soluble in the solvent can be formed. Further, a sliding member having excellent adhesion can be obtained by compression-molding the base material layer and the powder sliding layer in the laminating step or by sintering under pressure.

The base layer is preferably a powder base layer made of a metal powder or a pulp body. Here, the base material layer that is a pulp body also includes a metal sintered body formed by sintering a metal powder in a step different from the sintering step. If the base material layer is a powder base material layer, it becomes possible to obtain a sliding member by simultaneously sintering the base material and the sliding layer. Furthermore, if a powder intermediate layer made of metal powder is formed in the laminating step, a sliding member formed by simultaneously sintering the base material, the intermediate layer, and the sliding layer can be obtained.

Further, before the sliding step, the method further includes a powder preparation step of preparing at least two kinds of mixed powders having different volume ratios of the resin powder and the solid lubricant powder. The powder sliding layer is preferably formed by sequentially laminating the two or more kinds of mixed powders so that the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the base material layer side is lower than that on the anti-base material layer side. A functionally graded material layer can be easily obtained. Brief Description of Drawings

The invention can be better understood with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. The following is a brief description of the drawings.

FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are cross-sectional views schematically showing one example of the sliding member of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a sintering apparatus used for spark plasma sintering. FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a seizure test.

Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the sliding member of the present invention and the method for manufacturing the sliding member of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. FIG. FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. 3 are cross-sectional views schematically showing one example of the sliding member of the present invention.

[Sliding member]

The sliding member of the present invention is a sliding member having: a metal base; and a sliding layer of a resin powder integrally sintered on at least one surface of the base. Further, the sliding layer contains a solid lubricant powder.

The size and shape of the base material are not particularly limited, and it is preferable that the base material is a balta body or a sintered body made of a metal powder sintered integrally with the sliding layer. As described above, the base material, which is a pulp body, includes a sintered body made of a metal powder that is not sintered integrally with the sliding layer of a metal member processed by a structure, that is, a resin. A sintered body formed by sintering before the powder or the solid lubricant powder is sintered is also included. The substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is made of metal, and preferably contains at least one of iron, aluminum, copper and magnesium. For example, as the alloy, steel, an aluminum alloy containing Mg, Cu, Zn, Si, Mn, etc., and a copper alloy containing Zn, Al, Sn, Mn, etc. are preferable. .

If the base material is a sintered body made of metal powder sintered integrally with the sliding layer, the metal powder preferably has an average primary particle diameter of 10 to 200 μπι, Preferably it is 10 to 150 μιη. If the particle size of the metal powder is within the above range, a substrate having sufficient strength can be obtained.

If the substrate is a bulk body, the interface with the sliding layer may be subjected to a surface treatment such as a plating treatment, a thermal spraying treatment, an anodizing treatment, a chemical conversion treatment or a rough surface forming treatment. When these surface treatments are performed, the adhesion between the base material and the sliding layer can be improved. Here, the plating process is, for example, a tin plating process, a Ni plating process, or a Cu plating process. The thermal spraying process is, for example, a Cu thermal spraying process, an A1-Si thermal spraying process, or the like. Anodizing is performed, for example, when the base material mainly contains aluminum. In the case where the material is used, alumite treatment or the like is used. Chemical conversion treatments include chromate treatment, non-chromate treatment, and zinc phosphate treatment. The rough surface forming process is, for example, shot blasting, etching, or the like. Note that an intermediate layer described later can also be formed by the surface treatment.

The sliding layer is made of a resin powder integrally sintered on at least one surface of the base material, and includes a solid lubricant powder. That is, the raw material powder for the sliding layer (hereinafter, referred to as the raw material powder for the sliding layer) is composed of at least a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder, and is sintered by sintering the raw material powder for the sliding layer. A sliding layer containing the resin powder and the solid lubricant powder is formed. Here, at least one surface of the substrate is preferably a surface corresponding to the sliding surface side of the substrate. The shape of the sliding surface is not limited as long as it is a shape suitable for sliding. The sliding surface may be a flat surface or a curved surface such as a spherical surface.

As described above, it has not been easy to obtain a laminate composed of a metal layer and a resin layer having good adhesion to each other by sintering. However, in the sliding member of the present invention, since the solid lubricant powder is used for the sliding layer, the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the metal base material and the sliding layer made of resin is reduced, and Adhesion with the sliding layer can be ensured. Furthermore, the presence of the solid lubricant powder in the sliding layer improves seizure resistance and abrasion resistance on the non-substrate side (that is, on the sliding surface side), making it suitable for sliding parts. It becomes a member. Further, the sliding layer is formed by melting and solidifying the resin powder when heat is applied by sintering, so that the sliding layer has better adhesion to the substrate than the sliding layer formed by coating. In the case where sintering is performed while being pressed, adhesion is further improved.

The thickness of the sliding layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 500 im, and particularly preferably 6 to 50 μπι. When the thickness of the sliding layer is within the above range, a sliding member having good adhesion and sliding characteristics can be obtained.

In addition to the sliding layer 20, which is sintered in a state where the distribution of the solid lubricant powder is uniform as schematically shown in FIG. 1, at least the amount of the solid lubricant powder is inclined. It may be a sliding layer sintered. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the sliding layer 20 has a lower volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the substrate side (2 1) of the sliding layer than on the opposite substrate side (2 3). It is preferably a functionally graded material layer. Functionally graded material for sliding layer By forming a layer, the sliding characteristics are maintained on the non-base material side where the ratio of the solid lubricant component is high, while the adhesion between the base material and the sliding layer is maintained on the base material side where the ratio of the solid lubricant component is low. It can be assured. This functionally graded material layer is preferably a layer in which the ratio of the solid lubricant powder changes continuously or stepwise (see FIG. 2) from the base material side to the opposite base material side. Details will be described later in the section of [Method of Manufacturing Sliding Member].

The amount of the solid lubricant powder is not particularly limited, and even if the amount is extremely small, the adhesion between the base material and the sliding layer can be ensured. %, The proportion of the solid lubricant powder is preferably 20 to 80 V o 1%. When the proportion of the solid lubricant powder on the substrate side is within the above range, the adhesion between the substrate and the sliding layer becomes good.

In the sliding layer, components other than the solid lubricant may be inclined, and the same kind of powder as a metal or a metal oxide, or the same metal as the metal constituting the intermediate layer described later among the metals, especially the base material may be used. The proportion of the metal powder may be inclined in the sliding layer. At this time, the ratio of the metal powder is inclined so that the base material side of the sliding layer is higher than the opposite base material side, thereby further improving the adhesion between the base material or the intermediate layer and the sliding layer. improves. Further, the ratio of various additives described later may be inclined.

Solid lubricant powders include solid structures such as layered structures such as graphite and talc, soft metals such as Pb, Ag, and Cu and their compounds, and fluorinated compounds such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Any lubricant that is commonly used as a lubricant may be used. In particular, at least one of molybdenum disulfide powder, graphite powder and PTFE powder is preferable. Molybdenum disulfide having an average primary particle size of 0.1 to 40 / im, preferably 1 to 10 μπι is preferably used in order to improve the wear resistance of the sliding layer. Graphite having an average primary particle size of 0.1 to 10 μπι, preferably 1 to 5 μπι is preferably used in order to improve the adhesion in the sliding layer.

In addition, the sliding layer may further contain any or all of hard particles, extreme pressure agents, surfactants, processing stabilizers, and antioxidants. That is, the powder of the additive can be used as the raw material powder for the sliding layer. The ratio of the additive powder is not particularly limited as long as it is used in an appropriate amount according to the required properties.However, when the raw material powder for the sliding layer is 10 ° Vο 1%, the powdery additive is used. The proportion of the agent is preferably 20 V o 1% or less, particularly preferably 3 to 15Vo 1%. The particle size of the additives is preferably from 0.1 to 10 // m, more preferably from 0.3 to 3 m, in average primary particle size.

Here, the hard particles are, for example, alumina, silica, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and the like. The extreme pressure agent is, for example, a sulfur-containing metal compound such as zinc sulfide (Zn S) or silver sulfide (Ag ₂ S). The surfactant is, for example, a fluorine-based surfactant, a silicon-based surfactant, or the like.

The processing stabilizer is, for example, a bifunctional processing stabilizer, a single-agent-added processing stabilizer, or the like. As a bifunctional processing stabilizer, Sumitomo Chemical's product name "Sum i 1 i z e r

GM ”(2D-tert—Butyl—6_ (3-tert—buty 1—2—hydroy—5—methy 1 benzy 1) —4—methy 1 pheny lacrylate), Sumitomo Chemical Product name “Sum i 1 izer GS (F) J (Chemical name: 2— [1- (2-hydroxy—3,5-di-tert—pentty 1 phenyl) et hy 丄] —4, 6—di — Tert-pentylphe ny lacry 1 ate) etc. Single agent addition type (SA — System) As a processing stabilizer, the product name “Sum i 1 izer GP” (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) [3- (3_ t_Bu tyl- 4- hydroxy - 5- me thylphenyl) propoxy] - 2, 4, 8, 10- tetra- t- butyldibenz [d, f] [1, 3, 2] dioxaphosphepin) Hitoshiryoku ^s is there.

The antioxidant is, for example, a phenolic primary antioxidant, an organic secondary antioxidant, an amine primary antioxidant, a phosphite antioxidant, or the like. Sumitomo Chemical's product name “Sum i 1 i z e r

MD P—S 2 ”(Chemical name: 2'-Met hylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), Sumitomo Chemical's product name“ Sumi 1izer B BM—S ”(Chemical Name: 4, 4'-butylidenebis (6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), a product name of Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. "Sum i 1izer WX—R WX-RA WX-RCJ (chemical name: 4 , 4 '— Th iobis (6— tert— butyl— 3— me t hy lp heno 1)), Sumitomo Chemical's product name “Sum i 1izer NW (N)” (chemical name: A lkylatedbisphenol), Sumitomo Chemical's product name “Sum ilizer GA—80” (chemical name: 3, 9— B is [2— [3_ (, — tert-butyl— 4— hy droxy— 5— me t hy lpheny 1) propionyloxy] —1, 1—d ime t hy lethyl] —2, 4, 8, 10 — Tetraoxaspiro [5 · 5] un decane). Examples of the organic iodine-based secondary antioxidant include Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. product name "Sumi 1izer MB" (Sci scientific name: 2-Mercaptobenzimidazo 1e). Examples of the amine-based primary antioxidant include Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. product name “Sumi 1izer 9A” (A lkylated dipheny 1 am ine). As a phosphite-based antioxidant, Asahi Denka Kogyo's product name “ADK STAB PEP-36” is available.

The type of the resin powder is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin powder that can form a sliding layer by melting and solidifying when heat is applied by sintering. It is preferably a heat-resistant resin powder consisting of The resin powder preferably has an average primary particle diameter of 1 to 200 111, and more preferably 10 to 120 μπι. A sliding member having a sliding layer obtained by sintering a resin powder having a particle diameter in the above range exhibits suitable sliding characteristics.

Further, the resin powder preferably contains at least one of a polyamideimide resin powder, a polyimide resin powder, a polyetheretherketone resin powder and a polybenzoimidazole resin powder. Of these, a resin that is hardly soluble in a solvent such as polyetheretherketone resin (PEEK resin) cannot be painted, so it was difficult to form a sliding layer in the past, but the sliding layer was easily formed by sintering. can do. As schematically shown in FIG. 3, the sliding member of the present invention further includes an intermediate layer 30 interposed between the base material 10 and the sliding layer 20 and made of a metal different from the base material. Is preferred. The metal different from the base material may be different even if the intermediate layer and the base material are, for example, the same alloy. By providing the intermediate layer, even if the sliding layer is damaged during use of the sliding member, the intermediate layer can be slid as the sliding surface, thereby improving the reliability of the sliding member. . Copper is the least aluminum An intermediate layer containing at least one kind is more effective.

The intermediate layer is preferably an intermediate sintered body layer made of a metal powder integrally sintered with the base material and the sliding layer. Further, the intermediate layer may be formed by previously performing a plating process or a thermal spraying process on the base material of the Balta body. The thickness of the intermediate layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 0.05 to 500 μηι, and more preferably from 0.1 to 300 μηι. When the layer thickness is within the above range, a sliding member having good adhesion to the sliding layer can be obtained.

The base material is preferably a sliding part of a compressor. That is, the sliding member of the present invention can be used as a sliding member of a compressor. For example, the sliding member of the present invention can be used for a swash plate of a swash plate compressor. Further, the sliding member of the present invention can be used for a compressor show. The swash plate and the shoe of the swash plate compressor may slide with each other in the dry state without lubricating oil at the beginning of operation. Even when sliding in such a very severe dry state, it is desired that seizure and wear do not occur. Therefore, by using the sliding member of the present invention, which has excellent adhesion and high anti-seizure and abrasion resistance, for the swash plate type swash plate of the swash plate compressor, the conditions required for the swash plate compressor are satisfied. Can be fully satisfied.

In addition to the above, it can also be used for a slide bearing that supports a drive shaft of a compressor. Also, the compression chamber and the suction pressure area are integrally supported on the drive shaft of the piston-type compressor, and the drive shaft is rotatably supported by the housing of the piston-type compressor and rotates synchronously with the drive shaft. It can also be used for a rotary valve that can open and close the gas passage between it and the piston of a piston-type compressor.

And the sliding member of the present invention is obtained by the manufacturing method of the sliding member described below.

[Method of manufacturing sliding members]

The method for manufacturing a sliding member according to the present invention includes: a laminating step of forming a powder sliding layer composed of at least a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder on at least one surface of a metal substrate layer; And a sintering step of integrally sintering the sliding layer.

In the laminating step, a powder sliding layer can be formed by disposing a raw material powder for a sliding layer containing at least a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder in a desired shape on at least one surface of the base material layer. The Specifically, for example, a raw material powder for a sliding layer is filled in a mold so as to have a desired thickness, and then a base material layer is placed thereon and sintered, as shown in FIG. A sliding member having the sliding layer 20 on one side of the substrate 10 is obtained. Furthermore, if the raw material powder for the sliding layer is filled in the mold to a desired thickness and sintered on the base material layer, the sliding material having the sliding layers on the two opposite surfaces of the metal base material is obtained. A moving member is obtained. At this time, if the substrate layer is a bulk material, a metal plate or the like having a size that can be accommodated in the mold may be disposed in the mold as the substrate layer. If the base material layer is a powder base material layer made of metal powder, the metal powder may be filled in the mold so as to have a desired thickness. Note that, as described above, the base material layer that is a pulp body includes not only a metal member processed by a structure or the like, but also a metal sintered body sintered in a process different from the above-described sintering step.

When a mold is used in the laminating process, the shape of the powder sliding layer is arbitrarily formed by appropriately selecting the shape of the mold, and the sliding having not only a flat surface but also a curved sliding surface such as a spherical surface. Layers can also be obtained. Furthermore, when sintering two or more layers of powders with different melting points simultaneously (for example, a powder base layer and a powder sliding layer), the temperature of the mold should be a temperature suitable for sintering each powder. Alternatively, a difference in thermal conductivity may be caused by changing the shape or material of the mold. Further, in the laminating step, the surface of the powder may be leveled using a leveling tool or the like, or a compact formed of the base material layer and the powder sliding layer may be formed by compression molding or the like. In compression molding, the adhesion of the obtained sliding member is improved by pressing the powder sliding layer in the thickness direction.

The raw material powder for the sliding layer forming the powder sliding layer is preferably obtained by mixing at least a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder by a ball mill, a rod mill, a double coat blender, a V-type mixer, or the like. At this time, it is desirable to mix the metal powder and the additives together.

In addition, the solid lubricant powder can be inclined by the laminating step. In the powder preparation process, at least two or more mixed powders having different volume ratios of the resin powder and the solid lubricant powder are prepared in advance, and in the lamination process, the volume of the solid lubricant powder on the base material layer side is prepared. By laminating two or more kinds of mixed powders in order so that the ratio is lower than that on the opposite side of the base material layer, the ratio of the solid lubricant powder changes stepwise from the base side to the opposite side of the base material. As shown in Fig. 2, laminated on the surface of substrate 10 in order A sliding member having the sliding layers 21, 22, and 23 thus obtained is obtained. In the sliding member shown in FIG. 2, the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder in the sliding layers 21, 22, and 23 increases in this order.

At this time, the type of resin powder, solid lubricant powder, additive, etc. may be changed for each sliding layer. Thereby, it is possible to impart appropriate characteristics to the base material layer side and the opposite base material layer side.

When it is desired to obtain a sliding member in which the ratio of the solid lubricant powder continuously changes from the base material side to the non-base material side, for example, at least, the volume ratio between the resin powder and the solid lubricant powder must be reduced. By preparing a more finely varied mixed powder, a continuous change can be achieved. In addition, a fixed amount of solid lubricant powder is fed into a mixing device containing a certain amount of resin powder in small amounts, and mixed at a sufficient speed by the mixing device, and at the same time, for the mixed sliding layer. A method in which the raw material powder is continuously fed into a mold is also possible. Furthermore, the volume ratio can be continuously changed by centrifugation. That is, after the raw material powder for the sliding layer is uniformly mixed, the raw material powder for the sliding layer is put into a mold, and then the raw material powder for the sliding layer is centrifuged in the die to incline the volume ratio. As another method, it is also possible to impart a gradient to the volume ratio by vibrating uniform raw material powder for the sliding layer to continuously move heavy powder downward.

Further, a powder made of a metal or a metal oxide, or a metal powder made of a metal forming a base layer or an intermediate layer, among metals, may be inclined in the powder sliding layer. The method of inclining the metal powder is the same as the method of inclining the solid lubricant powder described above.

The laminating step desirably includes a step of forming a powder intermediate layer made of a metal powder different from that of the base material layer between the base material layer and the powder sliding layer. By having the powder intermediate layer, at least the sliding layer and the intermediate layer can be simultaneously formed by sintering. For example, as schematically shown in FIG. 3, a sliding layer having an intermediate layer 30 on the surface of the base material 10 and further having a sliding layer 20 on the surface of the intermediate layer 30 is obtained. Can be Of course, the sliding layer 20 may be a functionally graded material layer.

Alternatively, if the base layer is a bulk body, the base layer powder It is preferable to have an intermediate layer forming step of forming an intermediate layer made of a metal different from the base material layer on the surface on which the sliding layer is formed. Examples of a method for forming the intermediate layer include a plating process and a thermal spraying process.

The sintering step is a step of integrally sintering at least the base material layer and the powder sliding layer. The powder sliding layer becomes a sliding layer by being heated and melted and solidified by the sintering process. If the base material layer is a powder base material layer made of a metal powder, the powder base material layer becomes a base material made of a sintered body by a sintering step. Furthermore, if the intermediate layer is a layer made of metal powder, it becomes an intermediate layer made of a sintered body.

Therefore, according to the method for manufacturing a sliding member of the present invention, the base material layer and the powder sliding layer formed in the laminating step are integrally sintered in the sintering step, thereby reducing the number of steps in the sliding step. A moving member can be formed. In addition, by using the base material layer as a powder base material layer, it is possible to obtain a sliding member by simultaneously sintering the base material and the sliding layer. Further, by forming a powder intermediate layer made of metal powder in the laminating step, it becomes possible to obtain a sliding member by simultaneously sintering the base material, the intermediate layer, and the sliding layer.

As a sintering method, a conventional method such as hot pressing can be used, but a particularly preferred method is a sintering method in which the powdered fluidized layer is subjected to spark sintering while being pressed by a mold. Specifically, it is a spark plasma sintering method. The spark plasma sintering method is a method in which a DC pulse current is applied to an electrode and sintering is performed using a discharge phenomenon between powders. Since the powder is activated by the electric discharge, there is an advantage that the powder can be sintered at a low temperature in a short time. In addition, since the sintering is performed while applying pressure, a sliding member having excellent adhesion can be obtained.

In the sintering step, the sintering conditions are not particularly limited as long as the resin powder can be favorably sintered. If the raw material powder (metal powder or raw material powder for the sliding layer) has a substance that is easily oxidized, it is preferable to sinter in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere. Further, the sintering temperature may be appropriately selected according to the type of the raw material powder.

As described above, the embodiments of the sliding member and the manufacturing method of the sliding member of the present invention have been described. However, the sliding member and the manufacturing method of the sliding member of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. The present invention can be embodied in various forms with modifications and improvements that can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. Hereinafter, embodiments of the sliding member of the present invention and the method of manufacturing the sliding member of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a spark plasma sintering apparatus, and FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a seizure test.

In the present example, sintering was performed using a spark plasma sintering method. As shown in FIG. 4, a spark plasma sintering apparatus 4 (hereinafter, referred to as a sintering apparatus 4) includes an upper electrode 42 and a lower electrode 47 in a press apparatus 40 having hydraulic devices 41 and 46. In addition, an upper punch 43 and a lower punch 48 are coaxially arranged, and further, a vacuum champ 44, a power supply device and various control devices (not shown) are configured. Then, the powder (1,, 2,) or the metal plate (1) put in a cylindrical graphite mold 49 (not shown) or graphite mold 49 ′ having an inner diameter of 50 mm is punched by the lower punch 43 and the upper punch 48. Pressurized and sintered by discharge plasma.

The graphite mold 49 is a cylindrical mold having a uniform outer diameter (wall thickness), but the graphite mold 49 'has different outer diameters at the upper part and the lower part as shown in FIG. Therefore, the upper and lower parts of the graphite mold 49 have different thermal conductivity.

In the present embodiment, aluminum powder (average particle size 30 μπι), copper powder (average particle size 30 μπι), and a disc-shaped metal plate (φ 50 mm, thickness 1 mm) made of aluminum alloy or copper alloy are used. 0mm).

Further, mixed powders A to E (powder E was only resin powder) were prepared by mixing a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder in a volume ratio shown in Table 1 by a ball mill. The resin powder includes polyamide imide (PAI) resin powder (average primary particle size 100 μm), polyimide (PI) resin powder (average primary particle size 20 μm), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) resin powder. (Average primary particle size of 100 μm). As the solid lubricant, molybdenum disulfide (average primary particle size 10 m) and graphite (average primary particle size l ^ m) were used in a volume ratio of 1: 1. [1]

(Preparation of sliding members a to f)

After powder C is poured into the graphite mold 49 of the sintering unit 4 from the top, preliminary pressurization by the upper punch 43 is performed. The surface of the powder C was leveled to form a powder sliding layer 2 ′ having a thickness of 500 πι. Then, aluminum powder onto the leveled powder C, after turning the metal powder in any ^^ of the copper powder, the layer thickness smoothed surface of the metal powder by the preliminary pressure by the upper punch ⁴ 3 A 5 mm base material layer 1 ′ was formed. The powder C was located at the lower part of the graphite mold 49 ′ where the thickness was large, and the metal powder was located at the thin upper part of the graphite mold 49 ′.

Then, a DC pulse current was applied while the base material layer 1 ′ and the powder sliding layer 2 ′ were pressurized at 50 MPa, and discharge plasma sintering was performed. The sintering was performed by maintaining the temperature of the graphite mold 49 at 300 to 400 ° C. for 1 to 10 minutes to produce sliding members a to f composed of the base material 1 and the sliding layer 2. did.

Table 2 shows the types of metal powder and resin powder used for the sliding members a to f.

(Production of sliding members g to t)

Either an aluminum alloy or a copper alloy metal plate was inserted into the graphite mold 49 of the sintering apparatus 4 from above. Next, after powder A or powder C was put on the metal plate, the surface of the mixed powder was leveled by pre-pressing with the upper punch 43 to form a first layer having a layer thickness of 500.

When the second layer is formed on the first layer, after powder B or powder C is charged, the surface of the mixed powder is leveled by preliminary pressing with the upper punch ^ m A second layer was formed.

When the third layer is formed on the second layer, after the powder C is charged, the surface of the mixed powder is leveled by pre-pressing with the upper punch 43 to have a layer thickness of 500; The third layer was formed.

Furthermore, when the fourth layer is formed on the third layer, after the powder D is charged, the surface of the mixed powder is leveled by preliminary pressurization by the upper punch 43 to make the layer thickness 500/000 // The fourth layer of m was formed.

Then, by sintering the metal plate 1 and the powder sliding layer 2 ′ composed of at least the first layer among the first to fourth layers in the same manner as the sliding members a to f, the base material 1 is slid. Sliding members g to t comprising the moving layer 2 were produced.

Table 2 shows the types of metal plates and resin powders used for the sliding members g to t, and the types of mixed powders used for the first to fourth layers.

(Production of sliding members a, to f)

Sliding members a, f were prepared in the same manner as sliding members af, except that powder E (not including solid lubricant powder) was used instead of powder C. Table 2 shows the types of metal powder and resin powder used for the sliding members a, f '.

(Production of sliding members x and y)

After thoroughly stirring the PAI resin varnish and the solid lubricant powder, the mixture was passed through a three-roll mill to prepare a coating composition. The coating composition was prepared such that the compositions of the PAI resin and the solid lubricant powder were the same as those in Table 1C.

Next, the coating composition was applied to the surface of the metal plate 1 by a spray coating method, dried, and baked at 200 ° C. for 1 hour, to thereby form a sliding member comprising the metal plate 1 and the sliding layer 2. x and y were prepared. The thickness of the sliding layer 2 was 20 μπι.

[Evaluation]

In order to confirm the effect of the sliding member of the present invention, a seizure test was performed on each of the above sliding members. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 5, the bearing steel fixed to the base 7

Each sliding member, to which the rotating shaft 5 was fixed from the substrate 1 side, was rotated around the axis on the upper surface of the shower 6 made of (SUJ2) to bring the sliding layer 2 into sliding contact with the upper surface of the shower 6.

The seizure test was performed at a sliding speed l O mZ s with a load of 500 N and a test time of 2 o'clock. During the period (720 seconds), the operation was performed under lubricating machine oil lubrication. Further, the friction coefficient after the test load was stabilized at 500 ON was measured. Table 2 shows the test results.

[¾ 2]

*: Measure the friction coefficient after the test load is stabilized at 5000N.

**: 焼 means no seizure occurred after the test and fc. The values in parentheses indicate the elapsed time when seizure occurred. The sliding members a ′ to c ′ using the powder E containing no solid lubricant powder were not tested because the sliding layer 2 was separated from the base material 1 shortly after the preparation of the sliding member. Also, the sliding members d ′ to f, which also use the powder E, have a sliding layer before the test load reaches 500 ON (specifically, about 100 to 300 ON). No further testing was performed because 2 peeled from substrate 1.

All of the sliding members a to t showed low frictional resistance, and almost no seizure occurred after the test for 2 hours. For sliding members 8, h, i, j, and n, seizure occurred after 2,200, 1,800, 2,600, 3,600, and 3,000 seconds, respectively. Has better seizure resistance than x and y. This is because the resin powder is melted and solidified by sintering by sintering in a pressurized state, and the adhesion to the base material is increased by pressurization.

That is, a sliding member having a metal base material and a sliding layer of resin powder integrally sintered on at least one surface of the base material, wherein the sliding layer contains solid lubricant powder t indicates that the adhesion between the base material and the sliding layer is high and the sliding properties are excellent.

Claims

A sliding member comprising: a base material made of metal; and a sliding layer of a resin powder integrally sintered on at least one surface of the base material,

A sliding member, wherein the sliding layer contains a solid lubricant powder.

2. The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein at least the sliding layer is formed by spark sintering while being pressed by a mold.

The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the base material is a balta body or a sintered body made of a metal powder sintered integrally with the sliding layer.

2. The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the base material includes at least one of iron, aluminum, copper, and magnesium.

2. The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the sliding layer is a functionally gradient material layer in which the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the base material side is lower than that on the non-base material side. The sliding member according to claim 5, wherein the functionally graded material layer is a layer in which the ratio of the solid lubricant powder changes continuously or stepwise from the base material side to the non-base material side.

2. The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the solid lubricant powder includes at least one of molybdenum disulfide powder, graphite powder and fluorine compound powder.

The resin powder is a heat-resistant resin powder made of a heat-resistant resin.

The sliding member according to item 1.

The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the resin powder contains at least one of a polyamideimide resin powder, a polyimide resin powder, and a polyetheretherketone resin powder.

The sliding member according to claim 1, further comprising an intermediate layer interposed between the base material and the sliding layer and made of a metal different from the base material.

The sliding member according to claim 10, wherein the intermediate layer is an intermediate sintered body layer made of a metal powder integrally sintered with the base material and the sliding layer.

The claim wherein the intermediate layer comprises at least one of copper and aluminum. 10. The sliding member according to item 10 above.

The sliding member according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the base material is a sliding part of a compressor.

A laminating step of forming a powder sliding layer comprising at least a resin powder and a solid lubricant powder on at least one surface of a metal base layer;

A sintering step of integrally sintering the base material layer and the powder sliding layer,

A method for manufacturing a sliding member, comprising:

15. The method for manufacturing a sliding member according to claim 14, wherein in the sintering step, at least the powder sliding layer is discharge-sintered while being pressed by a mold.

The method for manufacturing a sliding member according to claim 14, wherein the base material layer is a powder base material layer made of a metal powder or a Balta body.

Prior to the laminating step, there is provided a powder preparing step of preparing at least two kinds of mixed powders having different volume ratios of the resin powder and the solid lubricant powder. The layer is formed by sequentially laminating the two or more kinds of mixed powders such that the volume ratio of the solid lubricant powder on the base material layer side is lower than that on the anti-base material layer side. The manufacturing method of the sliding member according to the item.

The method according to claim 14, wherein the laminating step includes a step of forming a powder intermediate layer made of a metal powder different from the base material layer between the base material layer and the powder sliding layer. A method for manufacturing a sliding member.

The base layer is a bulk body, and an intermediate layer made of a metal different from the base layer is formed on the surface of the base layer on which the powder sliding layer is formed before the laminating step. 15. The method for manufacturing a sliding member according to claim 14, further comprising an intermediate layer forming step.